ebook70-22

2 2 L i n u x f s t a b X 11 L i n u x L i n u x L i n u x D O S Wi n d o w s L i n u x O p e n L i n u x / u s r / m a n / m a n 5 f s t a b m o u n t m o u n t L i n u x 22.1 OpenLinux L i n u x U N I X m a i l Berkeley Software Distribution B S D U N I X AT & T System V UNIX L i n u x L i n u x System V B S D System V 22-1 t r e e 22-1 OpenLinux / - - - bin - - boot L i n u x

350 - - dev - - etc X 11 - - home - - lib - - lost + found e 2 f s c k - - mnt - m o u n t - - cdrom C D - R O M - - dos D O S - - flash - - floppy - - zip(z i p - - opt A p p l i x K D E N e t s c a p e Wo r d P e r f e c t - - proc - - root - - sbin - - tmp - - usr - - X11 R 6 X - - bin - - dict - - doc H O W TO - - etc - - game - - i386 - linux L i n u x - - include - - info G N U - - lib - - libexec s e n d m a i l n e w s - - local - - bin - - doc - - etc - - games - - info - - lib - - man - - sbin - - src - - man - - sbin - - share - - man1.. 9n - - src L i n u x - - linux - - > Linux - 2.0.35 - - linux - - 2.0.35 -- tmp - - >../var/tmp - - var - - s p o o l Red Hat r p m

22 351 K D E k p a c k a g e l i s a O p e n L i n u x / m n t 22.2 mount m o u n t / b i n L i n u x O p e n L i n u x L i n u x e x t 2 / O p e n L i n u x m o u n t u n m o u n t L i n u x m o u n t L i n u x e x t 2 D O S Wi n d o w s m s d o s v f a t C D - R O M i s o 9660 v f a t Wi n 9 x 22.3 /etc/fstab L i n u x / e t c / r e. d r c. b o o t s w a p ( O p e n L i n u x ) O p e n L i n u x / e t c f s t a b # mount -avt nonfs / e t c / f s t a b / e t c / f s t a b C D - R O M

352 f s t a b d u m p 23 S C S I f s t a b L i n u x e x t 2 / p r o c O p e n L i n u x s w a p / d e v / f d 0 C D - R O M O p e n L i n u x C D - R O M / d e v / c d r o m / d e v / h d c L i n u x e x t 2 D O S / d e v / h d a I o m e g a Z i p / d e v / s d a 4 R A M D O S V FAT 21 f s t a b O p e n L i n u x ( O p e n L i n u x ) m o u n t O p e n L i n u x e t c / f s t a b L i n u x s u # su -c " mount /mnt/cdrom " C D - R O M / m n t / c d r o m / d e v / c d r o m # su -c " mount -t iso9660 /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrom " m o u n t i s o 9660 h d c / m n t / c d r o m m o u n t u s e r s u C D - R O M / e t c / f s t a b f s t a b /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto, ro, user, dev, exec 0 0 r o e x e c C D - R O M C D - R O M

22 353 # mount /dev/hdc # mount /mnt/cdrom C D - R O M / m n t / c d r o m u n m o u t # umount /dev/hdc # umount /mnt/cdrom C D - R O M I o m e g a Z i p L i n u x 22.4 L i n u x e x t 2 L i n u x / d e v / d e v

354 3. 5 1. 44 / d e v / f d 0 A / d e v / f d 1 B / e t c f d p r m 3. 5 1440 / 1440 1. 44 M B f d p r m 360 / 360 s e t f d p r m / u s r / b i n / d e v / f d 0 A # setfdprm -p /dev/fd0 360/360 f d f o r m a t / u s r / b i n 1. 44 M B # fdformat /dev/fd0 Double - sided, 80 tracks, 18 sec/track, Total capacity 1440 kb. Formatting... done. Verifying... done. f d f o r m a t / d e v / f d 0 # fdformat /dev/fd0h1440 f d f o r m a t A m k e 2 f s L i n u x / s b i n m k e 2 f s

22 355 - c - L - v m k e 2 f s b a d b l o c k / s b i n L i n u x - m 0 m k e 2 f s # mke2fs -m 0 /dev/fd0h1440 1440 m o u n t # mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy # df /dev/fd0 Filesystem 1024 - blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on /dev/fd0 1390 13 1377 1% /mnt/floppy m o u n t O p e n L i n u x / e t c / f s t a b mount /mnt/floppy K D E K F l o p p y 22.5 KFloppy X 11 K D E K F l o p p y U t i l i t i e s K f l o p p y K f l o p p y 22-1

356 kfloppy & K F l o p p y 22-1 K f l o p p y e x t 2 D O S L i n u x File System e x t 2 f s K f l o p p y Full Format F o r m a t 22-2 A b o r t 22-2 K F l o p p y K F l o p p y D O S File System D O S Quick Erase Full Format F o r m a t k f l o p p y umount /mnt/floppy D O S m t o o l s

22 357 22.6 mtools m t o o l s M S - D O S mattrib mbadblocks mcd D O S c mcheck mcopy mdel mdeltree mdir mformat minfo mkmanifest r e s t o r e L i n u x mlabel mmd mmount mmove m v mpartition D O S mrd mren mtoolstest m t o o l s mtype mzip Z i p / J a z xcopy m f o r m a t m d i r m c o p y m d e l m f o r m a t / d e v / f d 0 A B A # mformat a: m f o r m a t m c o p y # mcopy *.txt a:. t x t m c o p y D O S

358 # mcopy a: *.txt. t x t m d i r m l a b e l # mlabel a: Volume has no label Enter the new volume label : Linux shell # mlabel a: ' DOS DISK ' m d e l # mdel a: *.txt A. t x t O p e n L i n u x m m o u n t m o u n t 22.7 L i n u x c h m o d / b i n c h m o d L i n u x L i n u x 4 l s - l - l # ls -l book/*doc - r w- r - - r - - 1 bball bball78073 Nov 16 19: 58 book/24hr06or. d o c - r w- r - - r - - 1 bball bball52287 Nov 16 19: 57 book/24hr11 o r. d o c 10 10 22.7.1 Linux L i n u x b c

22 359 d l / d e v P C # ls -l /dev/lp0 /dev/ttys1 /dev/fd0 b r w - r w - r w - 1 root root c r w - r w - - - - 1 root lp c r w - r w - r w - 1 root uucp 2, 0 Aug 19 04 : 22 /dev/fd0 6, 0 Aug 19 04 : 22 /dev/lp0 4, 65 Nov 24 13 : 46 /dev/ttys1 c b l s - d # ls -ld book d r w x r w x r - x 2 bball bball1024 Nov 18 19 : 35 book d ls -l l # touch file1 # ln -s file1 file2 # ls -l file2 l r w x r w x r w x 1 bball bball 5 Nov 23 11 : 14 file2 - > file1 22.7.2 r w x 21 / e t c / p a s s w d / e t c g r o u p L i n u x

360 / e t c / g r o u p c h o w n c h m o d s h e l l u m a s k s h e l l # touch myfile # ls -l myfile - r w - r - - r - - 1 bball users 0 Dec 26 09 : 29 myfile r w - m y f i l e r - - r - m y f i l e - r w - r w - r w - 1 bball users 0 Dec 26 09 : 29 myfile r w - m y f i l e - r w - - - - - - - 1 bball users 0 Dec 26 09 : 29 myfile r w - - - - - - c h m o d 22.8 chmod c h m o d 1-2 - 3 4-2 - 1 c h m o d c h m o d + x 6 s h e l l c h m o d 4-2 - 1 r w x 4-2 - 1 r w x c h m o d 600 # chmod 600 afile # ls -l afile - r w - - - - - - - 1 bball users 0 Dec 26 14 : 50 afile 4 + 2

22 361 4 + 2 4 + 2 = 6 4 + 2 = 6 4 664 # chmod 664 afile # ls -l afile - r w - r w - r - - 1 bball users 0 Dec 26 14 : 50 afile # ls /home/bball/temp ls : /home/bball/temp : Permission denied # chmod 711 temp # ls -ld temp d r w x - - x - - x 2 bball users1024 Dec 26 14 : 52 temp # ls -l /home/bball/temp ls : /home/bball/temp : Permission denied # ls -l /home/bball/temp/file1 - r w - r - - r - - 1 bball users 0 Dec 26 14 : 52 / h o m e / b b a l l / t e m p / f i l e 1 c h m o d c h m o d ugoa + - = rwxxstugo c h m o d c h m o d # ls -l file1 - r w - r - - r - - 1 bball users 0 Dec 26 14 : 52 / h o m e / b b a l l / t e m p / f i l e / # chmod go-rwx file1 # ls -l file1 - r w - - - - - - - 1 bball users 0 Dec 26 14 : 52 file1 g o - r w x # chmod go-rwx temp

362 # chmod go+x temp c h m o d c h o w n 22.9 chown c h o w n / b i n / e t c / g r o u p c h o w n c h m o d c h o w n L i n u x g r o u p s # groups u s e r s b b a l l u s e r s r o o t # groups r o o t / e t c / g r o u p # groups cloobie cloobie : users c l o o b i e u s e r s u s e r s c l o o b i e c h o w n user : group # chown :users myfile # ls -l myfile - r w - r - - r - - 1 bball users 0 Dec 26 15 : 19 myfile # chown cloobie : users myfile chown : myfile : Operation not permitted L i n u x # chown cloobie : cloobie myfile # ls -l myfile - r w - r w - r - - 1 clobbie cloobie 0 Dec 26 15 : 19 myfile m y f i l e b b a l l c h g r p n e w g r p 22.10 chgrp newgrp c h g r p / b i n

22 363 c h o w n c h o w n c h g r p I D G I D # ls -l myfile - r w - r - - r - - 1 bball users 0 Dec 26 15 : 26 myfile m y f i l e b b a l l u s e r s # groups bball bball : bball users #chgrp users myfile # ls -l myfile - r w - r w - r - - 1 bball users 0 Nov 23 14 : 16 myfile u s e r s / u s r / b i n c h g r p n e w g r p c h g r p n e w g r p b b a l l b b a l l b b a l l u s e r s b b a l l b b a l n e w g r p s h e l l s h e l l e x i t s g s h e l l L i n u x 22.11 rpm lisa kpackage Linux O p e n L i n u x Red Hat Package Manager( r p m ) r p m / v a r / l i b / r p m

364 r p m l i s a k p a c k a g e r p m k p a c k a g e l i s a 22.11.1 rpm r p m r p r p m - i - e ( ) - q - U - V. r p m - i. r p m O p e n L i n u x C D - R O M t a p e r C D - R O M r p m # rpm -i /mnt/cdrom/ Packages/ RPMS/ taper-6.8.2-2.i386.rpm r p m - i - v (#)( - h ) - h # rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/ Packages/ RPMS/ taper-6.8.2-2.i386.rpm taper ####################################### O p e n L i n u x r p m t a p e r - V # rpm -V taper t a p e r r p m - q t a p e r - q - i

22 365 - q - i - p # rpm -qpi /mnt/cdrom/ Packages/ RPMS/ taper-6.8.2-2.i386.rpm - q - l r p m - U t a p e r - U # rpm -U taper-6.8.4-2.i386.rpm r p m t a p e r - e # rpm -e taper. r p m

366 r p m r p m r p m - - test r p m v v ( ) r p m t a p e r 22.11.2 kpackage K D E k p a c k a g e r p m X k p a c k a g e X 11 # su -c kpackage k p a c k a g e 22-3 O p e n L i n u x A d m i n i s t r a t i o n A r c h i v i n g + t a p e r 22-4 Flie List t a p e r O p e n L i n u x 22-5 U n i n s t a l l

22 367 22-3 K D E k p a c k a g e X 11 r p m O p e n L i n u x 22-4 k p a c k a g e r p m 2 2 5 k p a c k a g e U n i n s t a l l ( )

368 F i l e O p e n 22-6 k p a c k a g e O p e n L i n u x C D - R O M R P M S 22-6 k p a c k a g e 22.11.3 lisa l i s a O p e n L i n u x l i s a X 11 - -pkg l i s a # lisa - - pkg 22-7 l i s a 22-7 l i s a O p e n L i n u x 22-8 C D - R O M l i s a C D - R O M C D - R O M C D - R O M 22-7

22 369 22-8 l i s a 22-9 l i s a 3 I n s t a l l a t i o n 22-9 l i s a C D - R O M. r p m O p e n L i n u x r p m. r p m 22-7 22-10 22-7 l i s a r p m 22-11 r p m - q i

370 22-10 l i s a 2 2-11 O p e n L i n u x Caldera Open Administration S y s t e m ( C a l d e r a C O A S ) r p m C O A S X 11 22.12 O p e n L i n u x L i n u x / e t c O p e n L i n u x f s t a b O p e n L i n u x 22.13 f d f o r m a t / d e v / f d 0 Could not determine current format type : No such device.

22 371 / d e v / f d 0 H 1440 fdformat /dev/fd0h1440 K D E K D E K Desktop Environment : desktop K Desktop Environment K D E : desktop Wi n d o w s Wi n d o w s D e s k t o p d o s Wi n d o w ln -s /mnt/dos/windows/desktop $HOME/Desktop/dos 22.14 1. L i n u x e x t 2 2. f s t a b C D - R O M 3. K D E U s i n g Te m p l a t e s Applications and Devices