土壤 (Soils), 2016, 48(5): 893 900 DOI: 10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2016.05.009 1 糠醛渣生态肥对风沙土理化性质和茄子效益的影响 1,3 2 4 1 1* (1 734000 2 734000 3 735000 4 735002) >>5406 5406 0.0103 0.1291 0.8606pH EC 13.85% 1.07% 6.22% 6.92% Hg Cd Cr Pb 21.21% 40.00% 18.70% 21.94% 13.35% 16.98% 13.35% CEC 19.20% 25.93% 0.29% 1.89% 0.17% 2.08% 8.33% 59.00% 41.94% 24.32% 57.51% 5.88% 10.35% 5.27% 5.35% 3.01% 0.51 10 4 /hm 2 ph y = 51.2300 + 1.5151x 0.0408x 2 17.40 t/hm 2 65.24 t/hm 2 S143.6 8.5 10 5 hm 2 10 1 10 5 hm 2 2.70 10 6 t 4 9.83 10 4 t [1] Hg Cd Cr Pb GB8172-87 [2] [3 5] 5406 [6 7] 1 1.1 1.1.1 1 501 m 99 38 36 E 39 29 47 N 7.50 82 mm 2 500 mm 150 [8] 0 ~ 20 cm 8.04 g/kg 34.32 mg/kg 3.54 mg/kg 85.08 mg/kg 1.04 mg/kg 8.72 mg/kg 1.51 mg/kg 0.46 mg/kg 16.70 mg/kg 0.11 mg/kg CEC (144NKCA241) 2015 (2015001) * (qinjiahai123@163.com) (1982 ) E-mail: qinjiahai123@163. com
894 48 ()6.34 cmol/kg 1.79 mg/kg ph 8.43 1.1.2 760 g/kg 6.1 g/kg 3.6 g/kg 118 g/kg 30 ~ 50 g/kg ph 2 ~ 3 0.05 ~ 1 mm N 460 g/kg 2 ~ 3 mm N 180 g/kg P 2 O 5 460 g/kg K 2 O 500 g/kg 2 ~ 3 mm Zn 230 g/kg Mo 543 g/kg 5406 20 /g ( ) 0.4476 0.0780 0.4484 0.0200 0.0056 N 220 g/kg P 2 O 5 36.1 g/kg K 2 O 224.2 g/kg Zn 4.6 g/kg Mo 3.0 g/kg 1 1.2 1.2.1 2010 5 20 5406 3 L 9 (3 3 ) [9] 3 9 ( 1) 9 表 1 L 9 (3 3 ) 正交试验分析 Table 1 L 9 (3 3 ) orthogonal test analysis A(5406 ) B( ) C() 1=A 1 B 1 C 1 (0.09)1 (0.75)1 (15.00)1 57.09 cb 2=A 1 B 2 C 2 (0.09)1 (1.50)2 (30.00)2 33.96 ed 3=A 1 B 3 C 3 (0.09)1 (2.25)3 (45.00)3 68.88 aa 4=A 2 B 1 C 2 (0.18)2 (0.75)1 (30.00)2 58.81 cb 5=A 2 B 2 C 3 (0.18)2 (1.50)2 (45.00)3 56.18 cb 6=A 2 B 3 C 1 (0.18)2 (2.25)3 (15.00)1 48.80 dc 7=A 3 B 1 C 3 (0.27)3 (0.75)1 (45.00)3 28.69 fe 8=A 3 B 2 C 1 (0.27)3 (1.50)2 (15.00)1 65.73 ba 9=A 3 B 3 C 2 (0.27)3 (2.25)3 (30.00)2 64.78 ba T 1 159.93 144.59 171.62 482.92(T) T 2 163.79 155.87 157.55 T 3 159.20 182.46 153.75 R 4.59 37.87 17.87 B>C>A A 2 B 3 C 1 A 2 B 3 C 1 5406 0.0103 0.1291 0.8606 654.9 g/kg N 28.1 g/kg P 2 O 5 4.6 g/kg K 2 O 28.7 g/kg Zn 0.6 g/kg Mo 0.4 g/kg 2011 2012 5 20 N P 2 O 5 K 2 O Zn Mo ( N 0.0.49 t/hm 2 + P 2 O 5 0.08 t/hm 2 + K 2 O 0.50 t/hm 2 + Zn 0.01 t/hm 2 + Mo 0.007 t/hm 2 ) 3 1 () 2 0.11 t/hm 2 + 0.17 t/hm 2 + 1.00 t/hm 2 + 0.04 t/hm 2 + 0.01 t/hm 2 3 17.40 t/hm 2 3 2013 2014 5 20 (CK) 4.35 8.70 13.05 17.40 21.75 26.10 t/hm 2 7 3 1.2.2 28 m 2 (7 m 4 m) 40 cm 30 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 2011 2014 5 10 4 35 cm 50 cm 2 28 cm 50 cm 200 1 25 cm 4.65 L/(m h) 4 903 Mpa 1 2.16 m 3 1.2.3 30 (0 ~ 20 cm) 5 kg 1 kg () >0.25 mm ph (
5 895 )CEC() Cd Hg Pb Cr EC() [10 11] 3,5- [12] 105 30 min 80 1.2.4 DPSS 10.0 LSR x 0 = [(p x /p y ) b]/2c (x 0 ) [13 14] y=a+bx+cx 2 (y) [15] 2 2.1 2010 11 26 ( 1)(R) B>C>A (37.87)>(17.87)>5406 (4.59) T ( 1) T A2 >T A1 T A3 5406 5406 0.18 t/hm 2 5406 T B3 >T B2 >T B1 2.25 t/hm 2 T C1 >T C2 >T C3 15.00 t/hm 2 T A 2 B 3 C 1 ( 5406 0.18 t/hm 2 + 2.25 t/hm 2 + 15.00 t/hm 2 ) 5406 0.0103 0.1291 0.8606 ( 1) 2.2 2.2.1 2 2012 11 24 0 ~ 20 cm < < 13.85% 15.15%(P<0.01) 1.52%(P>0.05) ( 2) 表 2 糠醛渣生态肥对风沙土物理性质的影响 Table 2 Effects of the furfural residue ecological fertilizer on the physical properties of sand soils (g/cm 3 ) (%) >0.25 mm (%) 1.32 aa 50.19 bb 1 003.80 bb 30.95 bb (CK) 1.30 aa 50.94 bb 1 018.80 bb 31.16 bb 1.12 bb 57.74 aa 1 154.80 aa 36.45 aa P<0.05 P<0.01 LSR > > 13.35% 15.04%(P<0.01) 1.49% (P>0.05) 16.98% 17.77% (P<0.01) 0.68%(P>0.05) 13.35% 15.04%(P<0.01) 1.49% (P>0.05) 2.2.2 3 CEC > > CEC 19.20% 28.33%(P<0.01) CEC 7.57%(P<0.05)( 3) EC >> EC 6.22% (P<0.05)EC 72.32%(P<0.01) EC 61.61%(P<0.01) EC
896 48 6.92%(P<0.05) 72.63% (P<0.01) 61.45%(P<0.01) ph < < ph 1.07% 1.31%(P<0.05) ph 0.24%(P>0.05) 3 > > 25.93% 26.87%(P<0.01) 0.75% (P>0.05) 0.29% 1.89% 0.17%(P>0.05) 19.41% 37.01% 6.59%(P<0.01) 19.06% 34.46% 6.42% (P<0.01) 2.08%(P>0.05) 8.33% (P<0.01) 6.52% 18.18%(P<0.01) 4.34% 9.09%(P<0.01) Table 3 ph (g/kg) 表 3 糠醛渣生态肥对风沙土化学性质的影响 Effects of the furfural residue ecological fertilizer on the chemical properties of sand soils CEC (cmol/kg) EC (ms/cm) (CK ) 8.43 aa 8.04 bb 34.32 bb 3.54 bb 85.08 bb 0.46 bb 0.11 cc 6.34 cb 2.24 cb 1.79 cb 8.41 aa 8.10 bb 40.86 aa 4.76 aa 90.54 aa 0.48 aa 0.12 bb 6.82 bb 3.86 aa 3.09 aa 8.32 ba 10.20 aa 40.98 aa 4.85 aa 90.69 aa 0.49 aa 0.13 aa 8.13 aa 3.62 ba 2.89 ba 2.3 4 > > 59.00% 41.94% 24.32%(P<0.01) 60.61% 45.05% 27.78% (P<0.01) 1.01% 2.19% 1.78 (P>0.05) 57.51% 5.88% 10.35%(P<0.01) 61.05% 7.46% 18.52%(P<0.01) 2.25% 1.49% 1.39%(P>0.05) >> Hg Cd Cr Pb 21.21% 40.00% 18.70% 21.94%(P<0.05)Hg Cd Cr Pb 25.00% 43.59% 18.99% 22.88%(P<0.01) Hg Cd Cr Pb 3.13% 2.56% 0.25% 0.77%(P>0.05) 表 4 糠醛渣生态肥对风沙土微生物及酶活性和重金属离子的影响 Table 4 Effects of the furfural residue ecological fertilizer and traditional chemical fertilizers on microbial and enzyme activities and contents of heavy metals of the sand soils ( 10 4 /g) ( 10 7 /g) ( 10 7 /g) (mg/(g d)) (mg/(kg h)) (g/(kg d)) Hg Cd Cr Pb (CK ) 0.99 bb 0.91 bb 0.72 bb 2.67 bb 1.34 cb 0.27 cb 0.32 db 0.39 bb 23.95 bb 7.78 bb 1.00 bb 0.93 bb 0.74 bb 2.73 bb 1.36 bb 0.29 bb 0.40 aa 0.56 aa 28.50 aa 9.56 aa 1.59 aa 1.32 aa 0.92 aa 4.30 aa 1.44 aa 0.32 aa 0.33 bb 0.40 bb 24.01 bb 7.84 bb
5 897 2.4 2 2012 11 24 > > 5.27%(P<0.05) 10.91% (P<0.01) 5.35%(P<0.01) 5.36% (P<0.05) 41.60%(P<0.01) 34.40%(P<0.01) ( 5) Table 5 (g) 表 5 糠醛渣生态肥对茄子经济性状及产量的影响 Effects of the furfural residue ecological fertilizer on economic traits, yields of eggplants (kg/ ) (CK) 141.31 cb 1.25 cb 51.43 cb 148.88 ba 1.68 ba 63.55 ba 5.45 0.39 5.06 156.72 aa 1.77 aa 65.46 aa 6.31 0.75 5.57 ( /t) 2 000 4 000 4 000 2 500 4 000 35 000 5406 4 000 60 2 604.20( 0.4476.. 0.0780.. 0.4484.. 0.0200.. 0.0056 ) 429.04(5406 0.0103.. 0.1291.. 0.8606 ) 2012 2014 4 500 3.01%(P<0.05) 27.28%(P<0.01) 23.57% (P<0.01) > 0.51 10 4 /hm 2 2.5 2 2014 11 20 (r) 0.990 9 0.968 4 0.987 4 0.990 9 26.10 t/hm 2 17.97% 66.57% 17.97% 16.79 (P<0.01)( 6) (r) 0.999 1 0.959 3 0.936 4 0.997 4 26.10 t/hm 2 26.86% 19.41% 39.83% 14.85%(P<0.01) ph (r) 0.973 2 26.10 t/hm 2 ph 2.61%(P<0.05)( 7) 表 6 Table 6 糠醛渣生态肥施用量对土壤物理性质的影响 Effect of the furfural residue ecological fertilizer on soil physical properties (g/cm 3 ) (%) >0.25 mm (%) 0 1.37 aa 48.30 gc 966.00 gc 21.75 gg 4.35 1.30 bb 50.94 fb 1 018.80 fb 22.43 ff 7.70 1.28 cb 51.69 eb 1 033.80 eb 23.45 ee 13.05 1.24 db 53.21 db 1 064.20 db 25.17 dd 17.40 1.21 eb 54.34 cb 1 086.80 cb 29.84 cc 21.75 1.17 fb 55.85 ba 1 117.00 ba 33.91 bb 26.10 1.14 gb 56.98 aa 1 139.60 aa 36.23 aa 表 7 糠醛渣生态肥施用量对土壤有机质和速效养分的影响 Table 7 Effects of the application dosage of the furfural residue organic fertilizer on the contents of soil organic matter and available nutrients ph (g/kg) 0 8.43 aa 8.04 cc 34.32 ed 3.54 db 105.08 aa 4.35 8.41 ba 8.35 cc 36.43 dc 3.65 cb 107.54 aa 7.70 8.38 ca 8.72 cc 37.54 cc 3.92 bb 110.57 aa 13.05 8.36 da 9.07 bb 39.65 bb 4.13 ba 112.60 aa 17.40 8.32 ea 9.46 bb 39.76 bb 4.37 aa 115.63 aa 21.75 8.29 fa 9.83 bb 40.87 aa 4.71 aa 118.66 aa 26.10 8.21 ga 10.20 aa 40.98 aa 4.95 aa 120.69 aa 2.6 (r) 0.906 1 0.810 0
898 48 0.929 3 0.929 6 26.10 t/hm 2 135.70% 33.04% 46.33% 60.06%(P<0.01)( 8) (r) 0.965 0 0.980 6 0.886 3 26.10 t/hm 2 46.40% 7.61% 13.30% (P<0.01)( 8) Table 8 表 8 糠醛渣生态肥施用量对茄子农艺性状的影响 Effect of the application amount of the furfural residue ecological fertilizer on the agronomic characters of eggplant (cm) (cm) (g/ ) (g/ ) ( / ) (g) (kg/ ) 0 54.06 fc 1.12 gb 174.46 gd 55.82 ge 10.64 bb 141.31 gb 1.25 gd 4.35 63.61 eb 1.38 fa 190.75 fc 66.76 fd 10.97 bb 147.44 fb 1.54 fc 7.70 66.96 db 1.40 ea 218.46 eb 76.46 ec 11.01 aa 149.23 eb 1.67 eb 13.05 69.03 cb 1.44 da 238.11 da 83.34 db 11.04 aa 153.59 da 1.72 db 17.40 69.73 cb 1.46 ca 242.67 ca 84.93 ca 11.23 aa 156.72 ca 1.77 cb 21.75 71.89 ba 1.47 ba 250.18 ba 87.50 ba 11.41 aa 158.31 ba 1.79 ba 26.10 73.36 aa 1.49 aa 255.29 aa 89.35 aa 11.45 aa 160.11 aa 1.83 aa 9 (r) 0.905 2 17.40 t/hm 2 y a+bx+ cx 2 y = 51.230 0 + 1.515 1x 0.040 8x 2 (Px) 429.04 /t 2013 2014 (Py) 4 500.00 /t(px) (Py) b c (x 0 )=[(P x /P y ) b]/2c (x 0 ) 17.40 t/hm 2 x 0 (y) 65.24 t/hm 2 5 17.40 t/hm 2 ( 9) Table 9 表 9 糠醛渣生态肥施用量对茄子利润的影响 The effect of the application amount of the furfural residue ecological fertilizer on the profit of eggplant (%) 0 51.23 fd 4.35 60.28 ec 9.05 17.67 4.07 0.65 3.42 7.70 61.51 dc 10.28 20.07 4.63 1.16 3.47 13.05 63.41 cb 12.18 23.78 5.48 1.96 3.52 17.40 65.23 ba 14.00 27.33 6.30 2.62 3.68 21.75 66.25 aa 15.02 29.32 6.76 3.27 3.49 26.10 67.63 aa 16.40 32.01 7.38 3.93 3.45 3 [16 18] Ca 2+ Ca 2+ 500% [19 20] ph 3% ~ 5%
5 899 [21] Hg Cd Cr Pb 21.21% 40.00% 18.70% 21.94% [22 23] [24] Cd ph > > EC Hg Cd Cr Pb >> CEC > > ph 17.40 t/hm 2 65.22 t/hm 2 [1],. [J]., 1997(4): 13 15 [2]. [M]. :, 1990: 52 68 [3],. [J]., 1994, 25(5): 237 238 [4],,. [J]., 2007, 38(4): 705 708 [5]. :[M]. :, 1996 [6],,. [J]., 2003, 11(3): 87 88 [7],,,. [J]., 2010, 38(14): 7 251 7 253 [8],. [M]. :.2001: 150 155 [9]. [M]. :, 2014: 185 188 [10]. [M]. :, 1978: 110 218 [11]. [M]. :, 1983: 106 208 [12]. [M]. :, 1986 [13],. [M]. :, 1983: 185 186 [14]. [M] :, 1987: 227 228 [15].[M]. :, 1999: 166 170 [16]. [J]., 2006, 26(3): 91 95 [17]. [M]. :, 2001: 30 31 [18],,,. [J]., 2014, 46(3): 572 576 [19].[M]. :, 1987: 26 27 [20].[M]. :, 2004: 50 52 [21],,,. [J]., 2013, 45(4): 623 627 [22]. [M]. :, 2003: 13 95 [23]. [J]., 1999, 5(3): 193 205 [24],,. 25 [J]., 2005, 19(1): 164 167
900 48 Effects of Ecological Fertilizer from Furfural Residue on Physical and Chemical Properties of Sand Soil and Eggplant Benefits LI Shifeng 1,3, QIN Chao 2, YAN Gang 4, SANG Zhao 1, CHEN Xiubin 1* (1 College of Agriculture and Biology Technology, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, China; 2 Zhangye Municipal Bureau, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, China; 3 Gansu Dunhuang Seed Co. LTD., Jiuquan, Gansu 735000, China; 4 Jiayuguan Karat Agricultural Science and Technology Co., LTD., Jiayuguan, Gansu 735002, China) Abstract: Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the ecological fertilizer from furfural residue on sand soil fertility and eggplant benefits in Hexi inland irrigation region. Results showed that the effects of feedstock of the ecological fertilizer followed the order: eggplant specific fertilizer > 5406 bacterial manure > furfural residue. The furfural residue ecological fertilizer was composed of 1.03% of 5406 bacterial manure, 12.91% of eggplant specific fertilizer and 86.06% of furfural residue. The bulk density, ph, EC and soluble salt of the sandy soil were reduced respectively by 13.85%, 1.07%, 6.22% and 6.92% after application of the ecological fertilizer, compared with traditional fertilizer. The contents of Hg, Cd, Cr and Pb in the soil were reduced respectively by 21.21%, 40.00%, 18.70% and 21.94%. Total porosity, aggregate content and saturated water capacity of the soil were increased respectively by 13.35%, 16.98% and 13.35%. CEC, organic matter content, alkalihydrolyzadle nitrogen, and available phosphorus, potassium, zinc and molybdenum of the soil increased respectively by 19.20%, 25.93%, 0.29%, 1.89%, 0.17%, 2.08% and 8.33%. Fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes increased respectively by 59.00%, 41.94% and 24.32%. Invertase, urease and phosphatase increased respectively by 57.51%, 5.88% and 10.35%. Fruit weight, weight per plant, and yield of eggplant increased respectively by 5.27%, 5.35% and 3.01%. The fertilizer profits increased by 0.51 10 4 yuan/hm 2. The application amount of furfural residue ecological fertilizer was positively correlated with total porosity, aggregate content, water holding capacity, organic matter content and available nutrients of the sand soil and eggplant yield, while it was negatively correlated with the bulk density and ph of the soil. The linear regression equation for the application amount of the ecological fertilizer (y) with eggplant yield (x) was: y = 51.2300 + 1.5151x 0.0408 x 2. The optimum application amount of the ecological fertilizer was 17.40 t/hm 2, and correspondingly, the theoretical yield of eggplant was 65.24 t/hm 2. Application of the ecological fertilizer from furfural residue effectively improved the physical, chemical and biological properties of the sand soil, and increased soil organic matter content and eggplant yield. Key words: Ecological fertilizer from furfural residue; Sand soil; Physical and chemical properties; Eggplant; Benefits