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岩廉
9 years ago
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1 理量 1

2 ( Thermography ) 輻 ( ) 量 2

3 類輻量量量 3

4 Types of Analysis Qualitative Comparative analysis Quantitative True temperature measurement 4

5 Thermographic Nondestructive Testing (TNDT) 理數 thermal stimulation subsurface structure(s) of interest visualization processing recording 5 specimen

6 c p ( 金 ) 泥

7 TNDT 不行冷輻見力離度度量度不度 7

8 TNDT 率 FOV 量不易 8

9 TNDT 類易度量離度量 9

10 理 ( Electromagnetic Spectrum ) X-Ray UV Visible IR Microwave Radio wave 10nm 100nm 1µm 10µm 100µm 1mm 10mm 100mm 1m 10m 100m 1km 10 near infrared µm middle infrared 3-20 µm far infrared µm 2µm 14µm 見 µm violet-blue-green-yellow-red

11 度 ( 0 K C) 量 ( Internal Energy) 輻輻度量度量輻力 (Emissivity) 11

12 輻量度率數 E = f ( T, ) E : 輻量 T : 度 : 輻力 ( 率 ) T ε E 12

13 朗律 ( Planck s Law ) 度零度 ( K) 輻輻度列 E bλ unit = / λt λ ( e 1) 2 bλ : / µ λ : µ : E W m m m T K Spectral emissive power, Eb (W/m 2. m) definition the amount of radiation emitted per unit surface area at a given wavelength 13

14 律 (Wien s Displacement Law) 輻量度不若輻量度零連滑度輻量度列 λ max = ( µ m K) T ( 6000K) 輻 0.5µm ( 300K) 9.7 µm 1000 K 2.9 µm 3000 K 0.97 µm 度良靈度 14

15 - 律 (The Stefan-Boltzmann Law) 若輻量度輻量列 : E b =σ T 4 E b : 輻量 σ : - 數 = W / m 2.K 4 T : 度 (K) 15

16 ( Emittance) - ( Reflectance ) ( Transmittance ) - ( Absorption ) Incident radiation I Absorbed radiation αi Transmitted radiation τi Reflected radiation ρi I = α I + ρi + τi 1 = α + ρ+ τ 16

17 Kirchhoff s Law ε = α 1 輻 E G T G = αg = ασt abs 4 AT,, α, ε 2 輻 4 E = εσt in thermal equilibrium AεσT = AασT ε = α

18 率 W ε = 0< ε < 1 Wb ε W : 輻量 W b : 輻量率度輻度理度不 (real body) 率 1 不 (gray body) 18

19 輻度 ε = 1 ε < 1 (λ) ε 19

20 輻率 emissivity Nickel, polished (294K) Aluminum (306K) wavelength (um) Aluminum oxide (1255K) Silicon crystal, polished (433K) Iron, polished (1078K) 20

21 率度 conductor Nonconductor (a)wet ice (b)wood (c)glass (d)paper (e)clay (f)copper oxide (g)aluminum oxide 21

22 率度 Emissivity Nickel, soot covered Iron, oxidized Iron, polished Nickel, polished Temperature (K) 22

23 量度量 Object Atmosphere Thermovision εe obj τεe obj (1-ε)E amb τ(1-ε)e amb T obj E obj T amb E amb 輻量 (1-τ)E atm 輻量 23

24 ( Atmospheric Influence ) 粒粒 2µm 略 24

25 ( Choice of Waveband ) 8-13µm 靈度 3-5 µm 25

26 輻不冷輻量輻 Power available in each thermal imaging waveband waveband ground-level solar emission from 290K emission from 291K contrast (µm) radiation (W/m 2 ) black body (W/m 2 ) black body (W/m 2 ) ( E/E) 輻靈度 : 291K 290K 290 K W/m 2 輻量 291 K W/m 2 26

27 流量度度數理理 ( 見 ) ( 不見 ) 冷 27

28 見輻不輻 Filter/Aperture 濾離度濾輻 Front lens Focusing lens FPA detector 率 90% 28

29 度 ( Spatial Resolution Concepts ) ( Field of View ) : see FOV ( D ) ( S ) 29

30 30

31 : D:S = 30:1 30 ( ) ( ) 0.75m 2.5cm 1.5m 5cm 2.4m 8cm : FOV 25% 31

32 FOV: 320(H) x 240(V) 不見 = 量見量 IFOV FOV IFOV θ D W W /2 tan( θ / 2) = D W IFOV = = pixels tan( θ / 2) 2D pixels 32

33 類輻 (Bolometric effect) 輻 (Pyroelectric effect) 料 (dipole moment) 度輻量 33

34 Bolometer 金度 Pyroelectric detector 度不不冷度 ( ) 34

35 類類料行冷降量度 (1,000,000 pixel) 冷 35

36 路理降便理理類數參數類路理論度數 A/D 數 CPU 理論度 36

37 度量 Object Atmosphere Thermovision εe obj τεe obj (1-ε)E amb τ(1-ε)e amb (1-τ)E atm T amb T obj E amb 輻量 E obj E = τεσt + τ (1 ε ) σt + (1 τ ) σt 1 amb atm 37

38 率度例輻量率 1 E = τεσt + τ (1 ε ) σt + (1 τ ) σt amb atm E = εσt + (1 ε ) σt = εσt + (1 ε ) σt amb amb = 0.26 T o T = K = 54.7 C = 0.93 T o T = K = 54.1 C = 0.74 T o T = K = 54.3 C (30.2 o C, ε =1.0) (T,0.26) (52.1 o C, ε =1.0) (T,0.93) (46.4 o C, ε =1.0) (T,0.74) 38

39 度量離度若理料 39

40 度量

41 度量理度度度度量狀度便異度 41

42 度切度量度量降度降論度度降理狀度異行 42

43 輻輻 3-50µm 度臨錄度理狀行便異來理狀臨年歷療 43

44 (25%) Evaporation (walls) 輻 (60%) Radiation 量 (3%) Conduction to objects (12%) Conduction to air 流 ( 流 ) Air currents (convection) 44

45 度 2-5 o C o C 年女 45

46 25±1 o C 不 46

47 15 不

48 領理 48

49 領女兩不更惡度 1.0 數不暈女異 49

50 不度年率降 50