Microsoft Word - 100a001.doc

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1 100 學年度指定科目考試試題英文考科翻譯與解析 第壹部分 : 選擇題 ( 占 72 分 ) 一 詞彙詞彙題 (10 分 ) 說明..第 1 題至第 10 題, 每題 4 個選項, 其中只有 1 個是最適當的選項, 畫記在答案卡之 選擇題答案區 各題答對得 1 分, 未作答 答錯 或畫記多於 1 個選項者, 該題以零分計算 ( A ) 1. Many people think cotton is the most comfortable to wear in hot weather. (A) fabric (B) coverage (C) software (D) wardrobe 中譯 很多人覺得棉是炎熱的天氣中穿起來最舒服的布料 解析 (A) 布料 (B) 覆蓋範圍 (C) 軟體 (D) 衣櫃 ( A ) 2. Because of the engine problem in the new vans, the auto company decided to them from the market. (A) recall (B) clarify (C) transform (D) polish 中譯 因為新型小貨車的引擎有問題, 汽車公司決定把車子從市面上召回 解析 (A) 召回 (B) 釐清 (C) 轉變 (D) 擦亮 ( C ) 3. After a day s tiring work, Peter walked back to his house, hungry and sleepy. (A) splendidly (B) thoroughly (C) wearily (D) vaguely 中譯 經過一天耗力的工作後, 彼得筋疲力盡地走回家, 覺得又餓又累 解析 (A) 壯麗地 (B) 徹底 (C) 疲累地 (D) 含糊地 ( C ) 4. In team sports, how all members work as a group is more important than how they perform. (A) frequently (B) typically (C) individually (D) completely 中譯 在團隊運動中, 全體隊員如何通力合作比個人表現來得重要 解析 (A) 頻繁地 (B) 典型地 (C) 個人地 (D) 完全地 1

2 ( D ) 5. Despite her physical disability, the young blind pianist managed to overcome all to win the first prize in the international contest. (A) privacy (B) ambition (C) fortunes (D) obstacles 中譯 儘管身體殘障, 那位年輕的盲人鋼琴家仍設法克服所有障礙, 在一場國際比賽中贏得第一名 解析 (A) 隱私 (B) 抱負 (C) 財富 (D) 障礙 ( C ) 6. Each of the planets in the solar system circles around the sun in its own, and this prevents them from colliding with each other. (A) entry (B) haste (C) orbit (D) range 中譯 太陽系中每個行星都照著自己的軌道繞著太陽運轉, 如此可以避免彼此碰撞在一起 解析 (A) 入口 (B) 快速 (C) 軌道 (D) 範圍 ( A ) 7. Professor Wang is well known for his contributions to the field of economics. He has been to help the government with its financial reform programs. (A) recruited (B) contradicted (C) mediated (D) generated 中譯 王教授在經濟領域上的貢獻眾所皆知 他已經受聘協助政府推行財政改革政策 解析 (A) 招募 (B) 反駁 (C) 冥想 (D) 產生 ( B ) 8. Most earthquakes are too small to be noticed; they can only be detected by instruments. (A) manual (B) sensitive (C) portable (D) dominant 中譯 大多數的地震都太小而無法察覺, 它們只有透過敏感的儀器才偵測得到 解析 (A) 手動的 (B) 敏感的 (C) 手提的 (D) 首要的 ( B ) 9. With Wikileaks releasing secrets about governments around the world, many countries are worried that their national security information might be. (A) relieved (B) disclosed (C) condensed (D) provoked 中譯 隨著維基解密揭露全世界政府的祕密, 許多國家擔心它們的國家安全情資也許會被洩露 解析 (A) 緩和 (B) 揭露 (C) 濃縮 (D) 引起 ( B) 10. I m afraid we can t take your word, for the evidence we ve collected so far is not with what you said. (A) familiar (B) consistent (C) durable (D) sympathetic 2

3 中譯 恐怕我們無法相信你的話, 因為我們到目前為止收集到的證據和你所說的 並不一致 解析 (A) 熟悉的 (B) 一致的 (C) 耐用的 (D) 同情的 二 綜合測驗 (10 分 ) 說明..第 11 題至第 20 題, 每題 1 個空格 請依文意選出最適當的 1 個選項, 畫記在答案卡之 選擇題答案區 各題答對得 1 分, 未作答 答錯 或畫記多於 1 個選項者, 該題以零分計算 第 11 至 15 題為題組 Handling 1 customer claims 2 is a common task 3 for most business firms. These claims include requests to exchange merchandise, 4 requests for refunds, 5 requests that work 11, and other requests for adjustments. 6 Most of these claims are approved 7 because they are legitimate. 8 However, some requests for adjustment must be 12, and an adjustment refusal 9 message must be sent. Adjustment refusals are negative messages for the customer. They are necessary when the customer is 13 or when the vendor 10 has done all that can reasonably 11 or legally be expected. An adjustment refusal message requires your best communication skills 14 it is bad news to the receiver. You have to refuse the claim and retain 12 the customer 15. You may refuse the request for adjustment and even try to sell the customer more merchandise or service. All this is happening when the customer is probably angry, disappointed, or inconvenienced. 13 中譯 處理客訴對大多數公司來說是普通的任務 這些訴求包括要求更換商品 退 費 改正和其他調整 大多數的要求都會被接受, 因為它們是正當合理的 然而 有一些調整的要求必須被否決, 而拒絕調整的訊息必須傳達出去 拒絕調整對顧 客來說是負面的消息, 但是當顧客是錯的, 或者賣方已經在合理 合法的範圍內 盡其所能時, 這樣的行動是必要的 拒絕調整的表達需要最高超的溝通技巧, 因為那對接收者來說是個壞消息 你必須拒絕顧客的要求同時將他們留住 你可能一邊要婉拒他們對調整的要求, 一邊還試著向他們推銷更多商品或服務 而這一切都會發生在客戶也許正感到生 氣 失望或不便時 重要字彙 1. handle v. 處理 2. claim n. 要求 3. task n. 任務 4. merchandise n. 商品 5. refund n. 退款 6. adjustment n. 調整 7. approve v. 批准, 認可 8. legitimate adj. 正當合理的 9. refusal n. 拒絕 3

4 10. vendor n. 販售者, 賣方 11. reasonably adv. 合理地 12. retain v. 保留 13. inconvenienced adj. 感到不便的 ( D ) 11. (A) is correct (B) to be correct (C) is corrected (D) be corrected 解析 request that + S + (should) + V,should 通常省略直接加原形動詞, 因此答 案為 (D) ( B ) 12. (A) retailed (B) denied (C) appreciated (D) elaborated 解析 (A) 零售 (B) 拒絕 (C) 欣賞 (D) 精心製作 ( A ) 13. (A) at fault (B) on call (C) in tears (D) off guard 解析 (A) 錯誤的 (B) 隨叫隨到 (C) 流淚 (D) 不提防 ( C ) 14. (A) till (B) unless (C) because (D) therefore 解析 (A) 直到 (B) 除非 (C) 因為 (D) 因此 ( C ) 15. (A) by and large (B) over and over (C) at the same time (D) for the same reason 解析 (A) 大體上 (B) 反覆地 (C) 同時 (D) 基於相同的原因 第 16 至 20 題為題組 People may express their feelings differently on different occasions. Cultures sometimes vary greatly in this regard. 1 A group of researchers in Japan, 16, studied the facial reactions of students to a horror film. When the Japanese students watched the film 17 the teacher present, their faces showed only the slightest hints of reaction. But when they thought they were alone (though they 18 by a secret camera), their faces twisted 2 into vivid 3 mixes of anguished 4 distress, 5 fear, and disgust. The study also shows that there are several unspoken 6 rules about how feelings should be 19 shown on different occasions. One of the most common rules is minimizing 7 the show of emotion. This is the Japanese norm 8 for feelings of distress 20 someone in authority, 9 which explains why the students masked 10 their upset with a poker face 11 in the experiment. 中譯 人們在不同的場合中表現情緒的方式可能也有所不同 有時候這方面的文化差異相當大 例如一群日本的研究人員, 研究學生看恐怖片的臉部反應 當日本學生看影片時有老師在場, 他們的臉只會表現出最輕微的反應 但是當他們以為只有自己時 ( 雖然他們當時正被隱藏攝影機拍攝 ), 他們的表情扭曲, 栩栩如生 4

5 地表現出痛苦 憂慮 恐懼和厭惡交雜的情緒 研究也指出, 該如何在不同的場合中適當表達自我感覺其實是有一些潛規則 存在的 其中最常見的一種就是盡量壓抑情緒的表達 這是日本人在權威者面前 處理憂慮感的標準作法, 這也解釋了為什麼學生在這個實驗中會用面無表情來掩 飾他們的焦慮 重要字彙 1. in this regard 在這方面 2. twist v. 扭曲 3. vivid adj. 生動的, 鮮明的 4. anguished adj. 苦惱的 5. distress n. 憂慮 6. unspoken adj. 不被言明的 7. minimize v. 最小化 8. norm n. 規範 9. authority n. 權威 10. mask v. 掩飾 11. poker face 撲克臉 ( 無表情的臉 ) ( D ) 16. (A) as usual (B) in some cases (C) to be frank (D) for example 解析 (A) 如常, 照常 (B) 在某些情況下 (C) 坦白說 (D) 例如 ( D ) 17. (A) of (B) as (C) from (D) with 解析 with + O + OC, 此處受詞補語為形容詞, 為固定用法 ( A ) 18. (A) were being taped (B) had taped (C) are taping (D) have been taped 解析 學生是 正在被拍攝, 所以要用被動進行式, 而描述時間為過去, 故答案為 (A) ( C ) 19. (A) rarely (B) similarly (C) properly (D) critically 解析 (A) 很少 (B) 相似 (C) 適當地 (D) 批判地 ( B ) 20. (A) with the help of (B) in the presence of (C) on top of (D) in place of 解析 (A) 有 的幫忙 (B) 在 面前 (C) 在 頂端 (D) 代替 三 文意選填 (10 分 ) 說明 : 第 21 題至第 30 題, 每題 1 個空格 請依文意在文章後所提供的 (A) 到 (L) 選項中分別選出最適當者, 並將其英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之 選擇題答案區 各題答對得 1 分, 未作答 答錯 或畫記多於 1 個選項者, 該題以零分計算 第 21 至 30 題為題組 The history of the written word goes back 6,000 years. Words express feelings, 5

6 open doors into the 21, create pictures of worlds never seen, and allow adventures never dared. 1 Therefore, the original 22 of words, such as storytellers, poets, and singers, were respected in all cultures in the past. But now the romance is 23. Imagination is being surpassed 2 by the instant picture. In a triumphant 3 march, movies, TV, videos, and DVDs are 24 storytellers and books. A visual culture is taking over 4 the world at the 25 of the written word. Our literacy, 5 and with it our verbal and communication skills, are in 26 decline. 6 The only category of novel that is 27 ground in our increasingly visual world is the graphic 7 novel. A growing number of adults and young people worldwide are reading graphic novels, and educators are beginning to realize the power of this 28. The graphic novel looks like a comic book, but it is longer, more sophisticated, 8 and may come in black and white or multiple 29 and appear in many sizes. In fact, some of the most interesting, daring, 9 and most heartbreaking art being created right now is being published in graphic novels. Graphic novels 30 the opportunity to examine the increasingly visual world of communications today while exploring serious social and literary topics. The graphic novel can be used to develop a sense of visual literacy, in much the same way that students are introduced to art appreciation. 10 (A) expense (B) fading (C) colors (D) research (E) replacing (F) offer (G) users (H) rapid (I) gaining (J) medium (K) circular (L) unknown 中譯 書寫文字的歷史可以追溯至六千年前 文字傳達了感情 開啟未知的領域 創造前所未見的世界 讓冒險無所畏懼 因此, 早期的文字工作者, 像是說書人 詩人 歌手等, 在從前各文化中都是備受尊崇的 但現在夢幻消退得很快 想像力不敵速食影像而節節敗退 大獲全勝的電影 電視 錄影帶 DVD 一舉取代說書人與書本的地位 視覺文化將文字踩在腳下, 主宰了這個世界 我們的讀寫能力, 連同口語及溝通技巧, 也一併加速走上末路 在這個影像掛帥的世界中, 唯一佔有一席之地的小說類型就是圖像小說 世界各地有愈來愈多成年人和年輕人都是圖像小說的讀者, 而教育工作者也開始了解到這種媒體的力量 圖像小說看起來像漫畫書, 不過篇幅更長, 內容也更成熟, 可能是黑白或彩色繪圖, 尺寸大小不一 事實上, 部分我們現在所見最有趣 別出心裁 最賺人熱淚的藝術創作都是以圖像小說的形式出版 圖像小說讓我們有機會藉由探討嚴肅的社會及文學題材來檢視現在這個影像媒介充斥的世界 圖像小說可以用來發展一種視覺辨識力, 方法跟教導學生培養藝術鑑賞力差不多 重要字彙 1. dare v. 膽敢, 有勇氣 2. surpass v. 凌駕, 勝過 3. triumphant adj. 勝利的 4. take over 接管 5. literacy n. 識字能力 6. decline n. 降低, 衰退 6

7 7. graphic adj. 圖解的, 用圖表示的 8. sophisticated adj. 世故的 9. daring adj. 創新的 10. appreciation n. 鑑賞力 解析 ( L ) 21. 此空格需填名詞, 而依上下文, 文字是將新的東西帶給人們, 所以選擇 (L) unknown( 未知的事物 世界 ) ( G ) 22. 從後面舉例的 storytellers poets singers 可知, 這些人是使用文字的人, 所以選 (G) users( 使用者 ) ( B ) 23. 空格的前一句說從前的文字工作者受人尊重, 空格的後一句說想像力已經不敵影像, 其中的落差可用 (B) fading( 褪色 ) 來形容 ( E ) 24. 前一句說明想像力不敵影像, 而這一句又再次說明影像的勝利, 可知電影 DVD 等與書本的關係是將之取代, 所以選 (E) replacing( 代替 ) ( A ) 25. at the expense of 以 的代價 ( H ) 26. 空格需填形容詞, 由前文可知, 文字的消失迅速, 連帶其他的能力也快速衰退, 所以選 (H) rapid( 快速的 ) ( I ) 27. gain ground( 主張 主義等 ) 獲得普及 ( J ) 28. 空格需填的名詞跟前面提到的 graphic novels 是同一種東西, 所以只有 (J) medium( 媒體 ) 最接近 ( C ) 29. 與 black and white 相對的只有 multiple colors( 彩色 ) ( F ) 30. offer the opportunity 給予機會 四 篇章結構 (10 分 ) 說明 : 第 31 題至第 35 題, 每題 1 個空格 請依文意在文章後所提供的 (A) 到 (F) 選項中分別選出最適當者, 填入空格中, 使篇章結構清晰有條理, 並將其英文字母代號標示在答案卡之 選擇題答案區 每題答對得 2 分, 未作答 答錯 或畫記多於 1 個選項者, 該題以零分計算 第 31 至 35 題為題組 The effect of bullying can be serious and even lead to tragedy. Unfortunately, it is still a mostly unresearched area. 31 That year two shotgun 1 -wielding 2 students, both of whom had been identified 3 as gifted and who had been bullied for years, killed 13 people, wounded 24 and then committed suicide. A year later an analysis by the US government found that bullying played a major role in more than two-thirds of the campus violence. 32 Numerous dictators 4 and invaders throughout history have tried to justify 5 their bullying behavior by claiming that they themselves were bullied. 33 Although it is no justification for bullying, many of the worst humans in history have indeed been bullies and victims of bullying. 7

8 Since bullying is mostly ignored, it may provide an important clue in crowd behavior and passer-by 6 behavior. 34 Many of them have suggested bullying as one of the reasons of this decline in emotional sensitivity and acceptance of violence as normal. When someone is bullied, it is not only the bully and the victim who are becoming less sensitive to violence. 35 In this sense, bullying affects not only the bullied but his friends and classmates and the whole society. (A) Hitler, for example, is claimed to have been a victim of bullying in his childhood. (B) Campus bullying is becoming a serious problem in some high schools in big cities. (C) The friends and classmates of the bully and the victim may accept the violence as normal. (D) Research indicates that bullying may form a chain reaction and the victim often becomes the bully. (E) Psychologists 7 have been puzzled by the inactivity 8 of crowds and bystanders 9 in urban centers when crimes occur in crowded places. (F) The link between bullying and school violence has attracted increasing attention 中譯 since the 1999 tragedy at a Colorado high school. 霸凌的影響可能會很嚴重, 甚至可能引發悲劇 遺憾的是, 這個領域幾乎沒有 被探討過 1 霸凌和校園暴力的關連從一九九九年科羅拉多高中的校園慘劇開始逐漸受到 矚目 那年有兩名持槍學生 兩人都是遭到霸凌多年的資優生 在造成十三死 二十四傷後自殺身亡 一年後, 美國政府的一項分析指出, 霸凌在超過三分之二 的校園暴力中扮演重要的角色 2 研究指出霸凌可能會形成連鎖效應, 而被害者往往會變成加害者 歷史上無數 的獨裁者及侵略者都試圖以曾受到欺侮來為他們的惡行辯護 3 例如希特勒就曾宣 稱童年時期受到霸凌 雖然這不並構成施以暴行的理由, 但歷史上許多十惡不赦 的人的確都曾是霸凌的加害者與被害者 由於霸凌大多都會被忽略, 其可能為 群眾行為 及 過路者行為 提供了重 要的線索 4 心理學家一直不解的是, 當熱鬧的地段發生犯罪行為時, 那些市中心 的群眾及路人為何不為所動 袖手旁觀 他們其中有很多人表示霸凌是讓情緒感 受力退化及接受暴力為常態的原因之一 當有人遭到霸凌, 不只是施暴者及受暴 者會對暴力愈來愈遲鈍 5 加害人與被害人的朋友 同學也會習慣霸凌 如此一來, 霸凌影響的就不單單是當事人, 連身邊的同儕到整個社會都會牽扯在內 重要字彙 1. shotgun n. 獵槍 2. wield v. 使用 3. be identified as 被認定為 4. dictator n. 獨裁者 5. justify v. 為自己的行為辯護 6. passer-by n. 路人 7. psychologist n. 心理學家 8. inactivity n. 不活動 9. bystander n. 旁觀者 8

9 解析 ( F ) 31. 空格後是一起校園慘案, 表示這一句有提到該事件, 只有 (F) 有提到科羅拉多高中發生的慘案 ( D ) 32. 空格後的句子表示很多歷史上的獨裁者與侵略者都把遭受欺侮當作欺負別人的正當理由, 是 (D) 被害者變成加害者的連鎖效應的例子, 所以 (D) 是正確答案 ( A ) 33. 空格承襲上一句, 跟該段文意有關的只剩 (A) 以希特勒當作例子 ( E ) 34. 空格後是一個研究的結果,them 可能代表 科學家 研究人員 調查 之類的, 最接近的只有 (E) ( C ) 35. 從 In the sense 可知, 空格與後一句討論的是同一種概念, 所以 (C) 是正確答案 五 閱讀測驗 (32 分 ) 說明 : 第 36 題至第 51 題, 每題請分別根據各篇文章的文意選出最適當的 1 個選項, 畫記在答案卡之 選擇題答案區 各題答對得 2 分, 未作答 答錯 或畫記多於 1 個選項者, 該題以零分計算 第 36 至 39 題為題組 Since the times of the Greeks and Romans, truffles 1 have been used in Europe as delicacies 2 and even as medicines. They are among the most expensive of the world s natural foods, often commanding 3 as much as US$250 to US$450 per pound. Truffles are actually mushrooms, but unusual ones. They live in close association with the roots of specific trees and their fruiting 4 bodies grow underground. This is why they are difficult to find. Truffles are harvested in Europe with the aid of female pigs or truffle dogs, which are able to detect the strong smell of mature truffles underneath the surface of the ground. Female pigs are especially sensitive to the odor 5 of the truffles because it is similar to the smell given off 6 by male pigs. The use of pigs is risky, though, because of their natural tendency 7 to eat any remotely 8 edible 9 thing. For this reason, dogs have been trained to dig into the ground wherever they find this odor, and they willingly exchange their truffle for a piece of bread and a pat on the head. Some truffle merchants 10 dig for their prizes themselves when they see truffle flies hovering 11 around the base of a tree. Once a site has been discovered, truffles can be collected in subsequent 12 years. To enjoy the wonderful flavor of what has been described as an earthly 13 jewel, you must eat fresh, uncooked specimens 14 shortly after they have been harvested. The strength of their flavor decreases rapidly with time, and much of it is lost before some 9

10 truffles reach the market. To preserve 15 them, gourmet 16 experts suggest putting them in closed glass jars in a refrigerator. Another recommendation is to store them whole in bland 17 oil. 中譯 自從希臘羅馬時代以來, 松露在歐洲就一直被當作美食, 甚至是良藥 它們是全世界最昂貴的天然食品之一, 往往一磅就要價高達二百五十到四百五十美元 松露事實上是一種菇類, 不過品種稀有 它們生長在某些特定樹木的樹根附近, 而子實體則長在地下 這就是為什麼它們不容易被找到的原因 在歐洲, 松露要藉由母豬或松露狗的協助來採收, 這些動物可以偵測到在地表下成熟松露的強烈氣味 母豬對於松露的氣味尤其敏感, 因為它跟公豬所散發出來的味道很相似 不過使用豬隻採收的風險不小, 因為只要任何稍微可以吃的東西, 豬天生就會把它吞下肚 因此, 人們便改為訓練狗, 讓牠們不論在什麼地方發現這種氣味就往地下挖, 然後又願意把挖到的松露拿來交換一塊麵包, 或是拍頭鼓勵 有些松露商人在看到松露蒼蠅盤旋在樹根週圍的時候, 甚至乾脆自己動手挖寶 而一旦在某個地點發現松露, 往後幾年都可以採收得到 如果想要享用松露這種素有人間珍饈之稱的美好滋味, 就一定要在採收後盡快趁新鮮在未經烹煮的時候品嚐 松露的氣味很快就會隨著時間而變淡, 因此有些松露在上市前就已經流失大部分的美味 為了保存其風味, 美食專家建議將它們放在密閉的玻璃瓶中置於冰箱冷藏 另外一個建議就是將它們整株浸在溫和不刺激的油中保存 重要字彙 1. truffle n. 松露 2. delicacy n. 美味, 佳餚 3. command v.( 商品 ) 可賣 ( 高價錢 ) 4. fruiting body 菌蕈類可食的部分 5. odor n. 氣味, 特有的風味 6. give off 散發 ( 氣味 ), 發出 ( 光 聲等 ) 7. tendency n. 傾向 8. remotely adv. 微微地 ; 遙遠地 9. edible adj. 可以吃的 10. merchant n. 商人, 貿易商 11. hover v. 在空中盤旋 12. subsequent adj. 後續的 13. earthly adj. 俗世的, 人間的 14. specimen n.( 從某物採集而來的 ) 樣本, 切片, 檢體 15. preserve v. 保存 16. gourmet n. 美食家 17. bland adj. 溫和不刺激的 ( B ) 36. Why do some people prefer using dogs than pigs in search of truffles? (A) Dogs have stronger paws to dig. (B) Dogs usually won t eat the truffles found. (C) Dogs have a better sense of smell than pigs. (D) Dogs are less likely to get excited than pigs. 中譯 為什麼有些人比較喜歡用狗而非豬來尋找松露? (A) 狗的腳掌挖土比較有力 (B) 狗通常不會把發現的松露吃掉 10

11 (C) 狗的嗅覺比豬好 (D) 狗比較不會像豬那樣變得興奮 解析 根據第二段第三到四句提到, 雖然母豬對松露的氣味比較敏感, 但是由於豬天生好吃的習性, 因此牠們在找到松露後往往就順便吃了下去, 故才有人改用狗 (The use of pigs is risky, though, because of their natural tendency to eat any remotely edible thing. For this reason, dogs have been trained.), 所以答案選 (B) ( C ) 37. What is the best way to enjoy truffles as a delicacy? (A) Eating them cooked with pork. (B) Eating them uncooked with bland oil. (C) Eating them fresh right after being collected. (D) Eating them after being refrigerated. 中譯 享受松露這種美食最好的方法是什麼? (A) 加上豬肉一起品嚐 (B) 拌上溫和不刺激的油生吃 (C) 採收後立刻趁新鮮生吃 (D) 冰過之後再吃 解析 根據第三段第一句 ( To enjoy the wonderful flavor, you must eat fresh, uncooked specimens shortly after they have been harvested.) 可知松露要採收下來立刻生吃最好吃, 故答案選 (C) ( C ) 38. Which of the following statements is true? (A) Truffles are roots of some old trees. (B) Truffles can be found only by dogs and pigs. (C) Truffles send out a strong odor when they mature. (D) Truffles cannot be collected at the same place repeatedly. 中譯 下列敘述何者為真? (A) 松露是某種古老樹木的根 (B) 只有狗跟豬才找得到松露 (C) 松露在成熟時會散發一股強烈的氣味 (D) 松露無法在同一個地方重覆採收 解析 根據第二段第一句 ( which are able to detect the strong smell of mature truffles.) 可知母豬與松露狗是靠松露成熟時所散發的氣味來找到它們, 故 (C) 對 而根據第二段倒數第二句 (Some truffle merchants dig for their prizes themselves ) 可知松露有時候是商人自己去挖的, 故 (B) 錯 松露是長在某種樹的根部附近, 而非樹根, 故 (A) 錯 第二段最後一句表示松露可在同個地點重覆採收好幾年, 故 (D) 錯 11

12 ( D ) 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (A) Truffles sold in glass jars are tasteless. (B) Truffles taste like fruit when eaten fresh. (C) Truffles are only used for cooking nowadays. (D) Truffles are expensive because they are difficult to find. 中譯 下列何者可由本文推測得知? (A) 放在玻璃罐裡面販賣的松露沒有味道 (B) 松露生吃時具有像是水果的味道 (C) 松露現在只用於烹調 (D) 松露很昂貴是因為很難找到 解析 從第一段第二句即知松露非常昂貴 (They are among the most expensive of the world s natural foods.), 再根據該段最後一句得知, 松露是很難找到的 (This is why they are difficult to find.), 因此可以推測它之所以貴, 必是因為十分稀有, 所以答案選 (D) 第 40 至 43 題為題組 In an ideal world, people would not test medicines on animals. Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and time-consuming for people. Yet animal experimentation 1 is still needed to help bridge 2 vast gaps 3 in medical knowledge. That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year. Europe, on the whole, 4 has the world s most restrictive 5 laws on animal experiments. Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research. Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that is misleading. 6 The American authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure 7 is much higher. Japan and China have even less comprehensive 8 data than America. Now Europe is reforming 9 the rules governing 10 animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs. Alternatives 11 to animal testing, such as using human tissue 12 or computer models, are now strongly recommended. In addition, sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use. At present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. If their findings do not fit the hypothesis 13 being tested, the work never sees the light of day. 14 This practice means wasting time, money, and animals lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments. Animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives. It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer. Europe s new 12

13 measures should eventually 15 both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is conducted. 16 中譯 在理想的世界裡, 人們是不會在動物身上測試藥物的 這些實驗帶給動物壓 力, 有時還會對牠們造成疼痛, 而對人類而言, 這些實驗既昂貴又耗時 然而動 物實驗還是有其必需性, 以便能幫助填補我們在醫學知識上的廣大不足 這就是 為什麼每年全世界有五千萬到一億隻左右的動物被用於研究 整體而言, 歐洲在動物實驗的法律上是全世界限制最多的 即便如此, 當地 科學家每年仍要使用大約一千二百萬隻動物在醫學研究上, 其中多半是體型大小 不一的老鼠 官方統計數字顯示, 美國每年在研究上只用了一百一十萬隻動物 不過這個數字卻會造成誤解, 因為美國政府並不認為老鼠值得列入計算, 而由於 老鼠是最常見的實驗室動物, 因此實際上的數字應該遠不止於此 日本與中國的 資料甚至比美國更不完整 目前歐洲正藉由限制實驗室動物的使用數量來改革管理動物實驗的法規 現 在強力建議使用動物實驗的替代方法, 像是使用人類組織或電腦模型等 除此之 外, 免費分享所有的研究成果應該也有助於減少為科學犧牲的動物數量 目前科 學家往往只將成功的實驗結果公諸於世 如果他們的實驗發現與測試的假設不 符, 那份研究就永遠見不了光 這種作法意味著將時間 金錢與動物的生命無止 盡地浪費在注定一再重覆失敗的實驗上 動物實驗為人類帶來大量知識, 也拯救了無數的生命 它有必要繼續下去, 即使那意味著有時候動物會受到折磨 歐洲採用的新措施最終應該同時減少用於 實驗的動物數量, 以及改良科學研究進行的方式 重要字彙 1. experimentation n. 實驗, 實驗法 2. bridge v. 填補 ( 空隙 ); 跨越 ( 差距 ) 3. gap n. 缺口, 空隙 4. on the whole 一般說來 ; 就全 ( 整 ) 體而論 5. restrictive adj. 限制的 6. misleading adj. 誤導的 7. figure n. 數字 8. comprehensive adj. 完整的, 全面的 9. reform v. 改革 10. govern v. 管理 ; 支配 11. alternative n. 替換物 12. tissue n.( 生理 ) 組織 13. hypothesis n. 假設 14. see the light (of day) 公諸於世, 問世 15. eventually adv. 結果, 最終 16. conduct v. 實施, 執行 ( C ) 40. What is the main idea of this passage? (A) The success of animal experiments should be ensured. (B) Ban on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced. (C) Greater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals. (D) Scientists should be required to share their research results with each other. 中譯 本文主旨為何? 13

14 (A) 應該要保證動物實驗的成功 (B) 應該要強制執行使用實驗室動物的禁令 (C) 應該要盡更大的努力來減少實驗室的動物數量 (D) 應該要求科學家分享彼此的研究結果 解析 從最後一段得知, 作者認為動物實驗是有必要的 (Animal experimentation. It needs to continue.), 而目前應該努力的是如何減少實驗室動物的數量 ( reduce the number of animals used in experiments.), 故知答案應選 (C) (D) 只是文中提到的一種方法, 而非全文主旨 (A) 文中未提及, 而 (B) 與作者立場不符 ( D ) 41. Which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab? (A) America uses only about 1.1 million lab animals per year. (B) Europe does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all. (C) Britain does not use as many lab animals as China does. (D) Japan has limited data on the number of lab animals used each year. 中譯 對於實驗室所使用的動物, 下列敘述何者為真? (A) 美國每年只用大約一百一十萬隻實驗室動物 (B) 歐洲根本不用老鼠當作實驗室動物 (C) 英國使用的實驗室動物沒有中國多 (D) 日本對於每年用於實驗室的動物數目資料有限 解析 根據第二段, 美國這個一百一十萬的數字是有誤的 (misleading), 因為沒將老鼠算進去, 故 (A) 錯 而最後一句表示, 中國與日本的資料比美國還不完整 (Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America.), 故知 (D) 正確, 而 (C) 無法得知 第二段第二句可知歐洲每年的一千兩百萬隻動物中, 多數都是老鼠 ( its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats.), 故 (B) 錯 ( B ) 42. Which of the following is mentioned as an alternative to replace animal experiments? (A) Statistical studies. (B) Computer models. (C) DNA planted in animals. (D) Tissue from dead animals. 中譯 下列何者在文中有提及是可以取代動物實驗的一種替代方式? (A) 統計研究 (B) 電腦模型 (C) 植入動物的 DNA (D) 動物死屍的組織 解析 根據第三段第二句 (Alternatives to animal testing, such as using human tissue or computer models, are now strongly recommended.), 可知 (B) 為正確答案 (D) 之所以錯是因為使用的是 人類 的組織而非 動物屍體 的組織 14

15 ( A ) 43. What usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments? (A) They are not revealed to the public. (B) They are made into teaching materials. (C) They are collected for future publication. (D) They are not removed from the research topic list. 中譯 不成功的動物實驗通常會發生何事? (A) 它們不會被公諸於世 (B) 它們會被做成教材 (C) 它們會被收集以便未來出版 (D) 它們不會從研究主題清單中除名 解析 根據第三段倒數第二句 (If their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested, the work never sees the light of day.) 從裡面的 never see the light of day 可以知道一旦實驗失敗就此束之高閣, 絕對不會公佈, 故知答案應選 (A) 第 44 至 47 題為題組 Spider webs are one of the most fascinating examples of animal architecture. The most beautiful and structurally ordered are the orb 1 webs. The main function of the web is to intercept 2 and hold flying prey, 3 such as flies, bees and other insects, long enough for the spider to catch them. In order to do so, the threads 4 of the web have to withstand 5 the impact 6 forces from large and heavy prey as well as environmental forces from wind and rain for at least a day in most cases. The orb web is found to have two main characteristics. The first is its geometry, 7 which consists of an outer frame and a central part from which threads radiate 8 outward. Enclosed 9 in the frame are capture spirals 10 winding 11 round and round from the web center out to the frame. The whole web is in tension and held in place by anchor 12 threads, which connect the frame to the surrounding vegetation 13 or objects. The second and perhaps most important characteristic is the material with which it is built. Spider silk is a kind of natural composite 14 that gives this lightweight 15 fiber a tensile strength 16 comparable to that of steel, while at the same time making it very elastic. 17 Two types of silk threads are used in the web. One is highly elastic and can stretch to almost twice its original length before breaking and, for most types of spiders, is covered in glue. This type is used in the capture spiral for catching and holding prey. The other is stiffer and stronger, and is used for the radius 18, frames and anchor threads, which allows the web to withstand prey impact and to keep its structural strength through a wide range of environmental conditions. 15

16 中譯 蜘蛛網是動物建築裡最令人嘖嘖稱奇的一例 最漂亮 結構最井然有序的就是圓網 蜘蛛網的主要功能就是先攔截困住飛過的獵物, 像是蒼蠅 蜜蜂及其他昆蟲, 好讓蜘蛛有足夠時間可以抓住牠們 為了達到這個目的, 在多數情形下, 蜘蛛網的絲線必須承受得了大型沉重獵物的衝擊力道, 以及風風雨雨所帶來的大自然力量, 維持至少一天的時間 圓網被發現具備兩種主要特徵 第一是幾合圖型, 包括一個外框, 以及一個讓網線呈放射狀向外分佈的中心部位 外框圍住的是由蜘蛛網中心以螺旋方式一圈一圈向外繞出去的捕捉螺線 整個蜘蛛網由固定線繃緊固定, 將外框與周遭的植物或物品連接 第二個 可能也是最重要的 特徵就是用來建構蜘蛛網的材料 蜘蛛絲是一種天然的合成物, 這種超輕的纖維不但具有媲美鋼的張力, 同時彈性絕佳 蜘蛛網裡面會用到兩種絲線 一種彈性很好, 可以伸展到將近原來的兩倍長才會斷裂, 而且多數種類蜘蛛所分泌的這種絲線還包覆著黏膠 這種絲線用作捕捉螺線, 目的是捕捉並困住獵物 另外一種則比較堅硬牢固, 用來作為半徑線 外框以及固定線, 好讓蜘蛛網可以禁得起獵物的撞擊, 並維持結構的強度, 以度過各式各樣的環境狀況 重要字彙 1. orb n. 球體, 球狀 2. intercept v. 攔截 3. prey n. 被捕食的動物 4. thread n. 線, 細絲 5. withstand v. 抵擋, 經得起 6. impact n. 撞擊 7. geometry n. 幾何學 8. radiate v. 以幅射狀射出 9. enclose v. 包圍 10. spiral n. 螺旋線 11. wind v. 繞捲 12. anchor n. 固定物 ; 錨 13. vegetation n. 草木, 植物 14. 合成物, 複合物 15. lightweight adj. 輕量的 16. tensile strength 物理 張力, 抗張強度 17. elastic adj. 有彈性的 18. radius n. 半徑 ( B ) 44. What is this passage mainly about? (A) The food network in nature. (B) The construction of orb webs. (C) The network of geometrical studies. (D) The environmental challenges for spider webs. 中譯 本文主要在討論什麼? (A) 大自然的食物網絡 (B) 圓網的結構 (C) 幾何研究的網路 (D) 蜘蛛網所面對的大自然挑戰 解析 從附圖及文中提到外框 (outer frame) 中心部位 (central part) 捕捉螺線 (capture spirals) 固定線 (anchor threads) 等, 可知這篇文章主要是在介紹蜘蛛圓網的結構, 故答案為 (B) ( A ) 45. What does the word so in the first paragraph refer to? (A) To catch and keep small creatures. 16

17 (B) To find a good material for the web. (C) To observe the behavior patterns of spiders. (D) To present a fantastic architecture by animals. 中譯 第一段 so 這個字是指什麼? (A) 捕捉並困住小生物 (B) 為蜘蛛網找到一個好材料 (C) 觀察蜘蛛的行為模式 (D) 提出一種動物所做的神奇建築 解析 so 是用來代替前面出現過的字詞, 故根據前一句判斷 (The main function of the web is to intercept and hold flying prey.), 故知 so 應該是代替 intercept and hold flying prey 攔截並困住飛過的獵物, 所以答案選 (A) ( C ) 46. Which part of the web is used for supporting the web itself? (A) The center of the web. (B) The glue on the lines. (C) The anchor threads. (D) The capture spiral. 中譯 蜘蛛網的哪個部分是用來支撐蜘蛛網本身? (A) 蜘蛛網的中心 (B) 網線上的黏膠 (C) 固定線 (D) 捕捉螺線 解析 根據第二段第四句 (The whole web is in tension and held in place by anchor threads.) 的 held in place 即知 anchor threads 是用來固定蛛網本身, 不過其實從它的名稱就可以猜出這種線的功用 ( B ) 47. According to the passage, which statement is true about the silk threads? (A) They are all sticky and extendable. (B) They are usually strong enough to last for a day. (C) They remove harmful chemicals from insects. (D) They are made of rare plants in the environment. 中譯 根據本文, 對於絲線下列敘述何者為真? (A) 全都具有黏性及延展性 (B) 它們通常都夠堅固可以撐到一天 (C) 它們可以除去昆蟲身上的有害化學物質 (D) 它們是由自然環境中的罕見植物所製成 解析 根據第一段最後一句得知, 蜘蛛網的結構要夠強壯到能夠至少撐過一天 ( environmental forces from wind and rain for at least a day in most cases.), 故 (B) 正確 (C) (D) 文中均未提及 (A) 則錯在根據最後一段後半部 (, for most types of spiders, is covered in glue.), 大多數蜘蛛所吐的絲都具有黏性, 但非全部 第 48 至 51 題為題組 Doctor of Philosophy, usually abbreviated 1 as PhD or Ph.D., is an advanced 17

18 academic 2 degree 3 awarded by universities. The first Doctor of Philosophy degree was awarded in Paris in 1150, but the degree did not acquire 4 its modern status 5 until the early 19th century. The doctorate 6 of philosophy as it exists today originated at Humboldt University. The German practice was later adopted by American and Canadian universities, eventually becoming common in large parts of the world in the 20th century. For most of history, even a bachelor s degree at a university was the privilege 7 of a rich few, and many academic staff did not hold doctorates. But as higher education expanded after the Second World War, the number of PhDs increased accordingly. American universities geared up 8 first: By 1970, America was graduating half of the world s PhDs in science and technology. Since then, America s annual output 9 of PhDs has doubled, to 64,000. Other countries are catching up. PhD production has sped up most dramatically in Mexico, Portugal, Italy, and Slovakia. Even Japan, where the number of young people is shrinking 10, has churned out 11 about 46% more PhDs. Researchers now warn that the supply of PhDs has far outstripped 12 demand. America produced more than 100,000 doctoral degrees between 2005 and 2009, while there were just 16,000 new professorships. 13 In research, the story is similar. Even graduates who find work outside universities may not fare 14 all that well. Statistics show that five years after receiving their degrees, more than 60% of PhDs in Slovakia and more than 45% in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Spain are still on temporary contracts. About one-third of Austria s PhD graduates take jobs unrelated to their degrees. Today, top universities around the world are still picking bright students and grooming 15 them as potential PhDs. After all, it isn t in their interests to turn the smart students away: The more bright students stay at universities, the better it is for academics. But considering the oversupply 16 of PhDs, some people have already begun to wonder whether doing a PhD is a good choice for an individual. 中譯 博士學位, 通常簡寫為 PhD 或 Ph.D, 是大學所授予的高等學位 第一個博 士學位是在一一五 年於巴黎頒發, 但是一直到十九世紀初期, 博士學位才獲得 現今的地位 現存的博士學位最早起源於洪堡大學 德國這種作法後來被美國與 加拿大的大學採用, 最後在二十世紀通用於世界多數地方 歷史上長期以來, 即使是大學的學士學位, 也都是少數富貴人家的特權, 而 許多學校的教職員並未擁有博士學位 但是隨著二次大戰後高等教育開始普及, 拿到博士學位的人數因而增加 美國的大學最先開跑 : 到了一九七 年時, 全世 界理工科系的博士有一半畢業於美國 自那時起, 美國每年的博士產量以兩倍的 速度成長, 達到六萬四千名 其他國家也迎頭趕上 墨西哥 葡萄牙 義大利和 斯洛伐克生產博士的速度更是快得驚人 即使是年輕人口正在銳減的日本, 也多 18

19 出了百分之四十六的博士 研究人員現在則提出警告, 表示博士已經嚴重供過於求 美國在二 五年到二 九年之間, 頒發了超過十萬個博士學位, 但只有一萬六千個新的教授職缺 研究方面的工作也好不到哪裡去 畢業生即使在大學以外的地方找到工作, 日子可能也不是全都過得那麼好 根據統計, 在獲頒學位五年後, 斯洛伐克有百分之六十以上, 比利時 捷克 德國與西班牙則有百分之四十五以上的博士, 都仍只是約聘僱員 奧地利的博士班畢業生約有三分之一從事與其學位無關的工作 現在, 全世界的一流大學仍然在挑選聰明的學生來培養成為博士候選人 畢竟, 叫他們把聰明的學生排拒在外實在不符他們的利益考量 大學裡聰明的學生愈多, 就愈有利於學術研究 但有鑑於博士的過度供應, 有些人已經開始懷疑, 唸博士對個人而言到底是不是個聰明的抉擇 重要字彙 1. abbreviate v. 縮寫 2. academic adj. 學術的 3. degree n. 學位 4. acquire v. 獲得 5. status n. 地位 6. doctorate n. 博士學位 7. privilege n. 特權 8. gear up 為 加強準備 9. output n. 產量 10. shrink v. 縮水, 變少 11. churn out 不斷地大量製作 12. outstrip v. 追過, 勝過 13. professorship n. 教授職位 14. fare v. 過日子過得 ( 好 / 不好 ) 15. groom v. 將 ( 人 ) 調教 ( 成適合某種職業 ) 16. oversupply n. 過量供應 ( B ) 48. In which country did the modern practice of granting doctoral degrees start? (A) France. (B) Germany. (C) Canada. (D) The U.S. 中譯 在哪一個國家中開始了現代授予博士學位的作法? (A) 法國 (B) 德國 (C) 加拿大 (D) 美國 解析 第一段倒數第二句提到現代博士學位的授予是源自洪堡大學 (Humboldt University), 接著又說這種德國作法 (German practice) 後來才為美國與加拿大採用 (The German practice was later adopted by American and Canadian universities.), 表示洪堡大學就是在德國, 故答案選 (B) ( D ) 49. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to churned out in the second paragraph? (A) Failed. (B) Warned. (C) Demanded. (D) Produced. 中譯 下列哪個字的意思最接近第二段的 churned out? (A) 失敗 (B) 警告 (C) 要求 (D) 生產 解析 第二段後半段在講各國的博士人數, 如美國的年產量 (annual output), 墨西哥等國的博士生產量 (Ph.D production), 故可推測用在日本的這個片語, 應該也跟 生產 製造 有關, 故答案選 (D) ( D ) 50. Which of the following may be inferred from the third paragraph? 19

20 (A) PhD graduates in Austria are not encouraged to work outside university. (B) Most German PhDs work at permanent jobs immediately after graduation. (C) It is much easier for American PhD holders to find a teaching position than a research job. (D) It is more difficult for PhDs to get a permanent job five years after graduation in Slovakia than in Spain. 中譯 下列何者可以從第三段推測得知? (A) 奧地利的博士班畢業生不被鼓勵到大學以外的地方工作 (B) 多數德國的博士都在畢業後立刻找到終生職的工作 (C) 美國的博士找教書的工作要比找研究方面的工作容易得多 (D) 畢業五年後, 斯洛伐克的博士比西班牙的博士難找到終生職的工作 解析 第三段最後一句說到奧地利有三分之一的博士從事與學位無關的工作, 但並未提及鼓不鼓勵, 故 (A) 錯 從第三段前三句得知, 美國的博士人數多, 但教授與研究方面的空缺同樣少, 故 (C) 錯 博士班畢業五年後, 斯洛伐克有百分之六十以上, 比利時 捷克 德國與西班牙則有百分之四十五都是約聘人員 ( more than 60% of PhDs in Slovakia and more than 45% in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Spain are still on temporary contracts., 故 (B) 錯, 而 (D) 對 ( A ) 51. Which of the following best describes the author s attitude toward the increase of PhDs in recent years? (A) Concerned. (B) Supportive. (C) Indifferent. (D) Optimistic. 中譯 下列何者最能描述作者對近年來博士人數增加的態度? (A) 憂心 (B) 支持 (C) 漠不關心 (D) 樂觀 解析 作者一再於文中強調現在的博士是嚴重供過於求, 而且他最後又提出質疑, 現在許多人都開始質疑到底去唸博士學位是否明智 ( some people have already begun to wonder whether doing a PhD is a good choice for an individual.), 可知他的態度應是 憂心, 故答案選 (A) 20

21 第貳部分 : 非選擇題 ( 占 28 分 ) 一 中譯英 (8 分 ) 說明 :1. 請將以下中文句子譯成正確 通順 達意的英文, 並將答案寫在 答案卷 上 2. 請依序作答, 並標明題號 每題 4 分, 共 8 分 1. 日本的核電廠爆炸已經引起全球對核子能源安全的疑慮 The explosion at the nuclear power plant in Japan has aroused global concern about the safety of nuclear energy. 2. 科學家正尋求安全 乾淨又不昂貴的綠色能源, 以滿足我們對電的需求 Scientists are seeking safe, clean, and inexpensive green energy to satisfy our need for electricity. 二 英文作文 (20 分 ) 說明 :1. 依提示在 答案卷 上寫一篇英文作文 2. 文長至少 120 個單詞 (words) 提示 : 你認為畢業典禮應該是個溫馨感人 活潑熱鬧 或是嚴肅傷感的場景? 請 寫一篇英文作文說明你對畢業典禮的看法, 第一段寫出畢業典禮對你而言 意義是什麼, 第二段說明要如何安排或進行活動才能呈現出這個意義 作文範例 Obviously, graduating with a high school diploma is much more important than attending a ceremony. Nevertheless, I do think the graduation ceremony is a significant event in the life of a young person. It provides an occasion for reflecting on the previous few years, your hard work during that time, and the relationships you have formed with classmates and teachers. It is also a transition point to the future, whether you will go to college or not. Though it represents a serious moment in your life, I think a graduation ceremony should always be a lighthearted and joyful event. Besides handing out diplomas, in my opinion, it should include songs, skits, jokes, and anything else that the students and their families might enjoy. Such a significant day in any person s life deserves to be a memorable one. 21