言语理解中的知觉表征与命题表征*

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1 * (,510631) 96 t propositional symbol system [1] [2] [3-5] Barsalou perceptual symbol system [6-8] arbitrary linguistic-like analogue perceptual [7] 1 *

2 t-a-b-l-e [ 9, 10 ] [11] Barsalou John put the pencil in the cup John put the pencil in the drawer John put the pencil in the cup PUT John, pencil, cup [12] Barsalou John put the pencil in the cup John put the pencil in the drawer Zwaan [13, 14 ] 2

3 [15] Zwaan Zwaan Zwaan Zwaan Zwaan Zwaan

4 Zwaan A1 A2 B1 B2 (A1B1/A1B2/A2B1/A2B2) A1B1 A2B2 A1B2 A2B F J 4

5 F J SPSS10.0 t t t 1(31) 3.810,p t 2(23) p [13-15] 2 %

6 t 1(31) 2.928,p t 2(23) p Zwaan

7 SPSS10.0 t 1 t t 1(31) 0.591,p t 2(23) p % t 1(31) 0.029,p t 2(23) p [13-15]

8 SPSS10.0 t 1 t t 1(31) 0.509,p t 2(23) p

9 6 % t 1(31) 1.162,p t 2(23) p ( ) Barsalou [6, 7] modal (analogical) Barasalou [16] 1 Zwaan 1 [7, 17]

10 3 fmri ERP 6 1 Pylyshyn Z W. The imagery debate: Analogue media versus tacit knowledge. Psychological Review, 1981, 88: 16~45 2 Newell A & Simon H A. Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Glaser W R. Picture naming. Cognition, 1992, 42: 61~105 4 Damasio A R. Time-locked multiregional retroactivation: A syste-level proposal for the neural substrates of recall and recognition. Cognition, 1989, 33: 25~62 5 Harnad S. The symbol grounding problem. Physica D, 1990, 42: 335~346 6 Barasalou L W. Language comprehension: Archival memory or preparation for situated action? Discourse Processes, 1999, 28: 61~80 7 Barasalou L W. Perceptual symbol system. Behavioral and Brain Science, 1999, 22: 577~660 8 Wang Ruiming, Mo Lei, Li Ying. A new viewpoint on knowledge representing-perceptual symbol theory (in Chinese). Psychological science, 2004 (in press),,.., Glenberg A M & Robertson D A. Indexical understanding of instructions. Discourse Processes, 1999, 28: 1~26 10 Glenberg A M & Robertson D A. Symbol grounding and meaning: A comparison of high-dimensional and embodied theories of meaning. Journal of Memory and Language, 2000, 43: 379~ Fincher-Kiefer, R. Perceptual components of situation-models. Memory & Cognition, 2001, 29: 336~343 10

11 12 Kaschak M P & Glenberg A M. Constructing meaning: The role of affordances and grammatical constructions in sentence comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 2000, 43: 508~ Zwaan R A & Stanfield R A. The effect of implied orientation derived from verbal context on picture recognition. Psychological Science, 2001,12: 153~ Zwaan R A, Stanfield R A & Yaxley R H. Language comprehenders mentally represent the shapes of objects. Psychological Science, 2002, 13: 168~ Li Ying, Wang Ruiming, Mo Lei. The effect of implied shape of objects on picture recognition (in Chinese). Psychological Science, 2004 (in press),,.., Solomon K O & Barsalou L W. Representing properties locally. Cognitive Psychology, 2001,43: 129~ Zwaan R A & Yaxley R H. Spatial iconicity affects semantic-relatedness judgments. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2004 (in press) PERCEPTUAL SYMBOL REPRESENTATION AND PROPOSITIONAL SYMBOL REPRESENTATION IN LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION Wang Ruiming Mo Lei Li Li Wang Suiping Wu Jun (Department of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou ) Abstract Using moving window method to investigate the mode of information representation in language comprehension. Subjects were 96 university students in South China Normal University. According to whether the shape of the object in picture was consistent with that in sentence, the experimental materials were divided into two categories: consistent version and inconsistent version. The respond time and correct rate of picture recognition were analyzed with Paired-Samples T Test. The results in experiment 1 show that there is perceptual symbol representation in comprehension when subjects complete recognition task once after they read the key sentence. The results in experiment 2 show that there is propositional symbol representation in comprehension when comprehension task becomes more difficult. The results in experiment 3 show that there is also propositional symbol representation when related information is pushed into long-memory. The total results suggest that there are both perceptual symbol representation and propositional symbol representation in language comprehension, and perceptual symbol representation is only preliminary, whereas propositional symbol representation is final in human brain. Key words language comprehension, information representation, propositional symbol system, perceptual symbol system 11

穨e235.PDF

穨e235.PDF Chinese Journal of Science Education 2003,, 235-256 2003, 11(3), 235-256 1 2 1 2 90 12 26 91 6 3 92 4 11 () - () - (), 2000 = = = 48 = 2 24 48 2 = 24 2 48 24 48, 2001 236, 2002, 1995, 1995 1995 cooperative