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1 力理力理立北行力理度力理理理力理來力理理行力理年來力理 IBM 1991 年力理行 70% 力理了 2000 年力理例 90% 力理不令異行例見力理理識 Towers Perrin, 1992 理勒不練率來行六年理度理勵度理年年力力理不理行論更量六

2 力理了年力理領不論立不力理力理金 Marginson et al, % 都力理力理 Poole, 1990: 1 力理行理爐理理論立力理力略 Sisson, 1990: 5 力理理論理理僚理理理理理理諾理 Blyton and Turnbull, 1992 論力理力諾參理力理略勞力兩力理兩 developmental humanism Beer et al., 1984 利 utilitarian-instrumentalism 理力力 Fombrun et al., 1984 力理了年力勞流倫理力理理不兩不 Schuler, 1998: 力理理

論力理力諾參理力理略勞力兩力理兩 developmental humanism Beer et al.

3 力理略力利力力力留勵理切領力理力理理六力理識略力行 Old PPA 理行 New PPA 力理 Pubic HRM 理兩列不 1 Raadschelders, 行力理異行力理理行理率力理理女行理論僚僚率利 X Y 理理論理練論理練 How 利益 Why 利力僚倫理倫理識利 Source: Raadschelders, 2000.

4 力理參力理若年來烈炙力不勞都力理力理略力理略力理略力理力理略略略力理行力理不理略力理略力量降力理略理念力理兩略力度略力劣力 Pynes, 1997: 略力理 P Schuler, 1992 力 philosophy 力力 policy 領力立力行領力 program 說力略力類行力力 practice 僚勵力勵行力 process 行力行

Pynes, 1997: 17-28 略力理 P Schuler, 1992 力 philosophy 力力 policy 領

5 力理略力理更不易力略力理切兩連 inter-unit linkage 不理不行力理略劣略了連律略略聯度量 1983 年行 National Academy of Public Administration 理度更離來聯列 Kettl, Ingraham, Sanders, and Horner, 聯力令行 gum ball model 列力度 4% 96% 不 5% 利 20% 13% 58% 理

Administration 理度更離來聯列 Kettl, Ingraham, Sanders, and

6 力理什聯不行行 1973 年藍領例 26% 1993 年降 16% 領 1960 年 1980 年例 50% 600% 來更 1946 年來立度行度行立不良例 1960 年 86.4% 聯 1990 年降 56% 立行勵行度量度力落行易泥量度了力行理利來立聯聯了福利諾 1950 年來聯率數不略力理 1993 年 1 力理略列理力立行數類 1 參 Reinventing human resource management, npr, September, 1993.

7 力理六聯 75% 都 1949 年類了類都更立類理練參兩勵福利勵立力利勵理不良理不聯理理不良識練練更練更更省練理力行金利累不年福利離離理來力量立 Alternative Dispute Resolution 行勵力力練立 Interagency Equal Opportunity Employment Affirmative Employment Steering Group 力理行行練料更行行流度聯令精

8 力理令利量勞理勵離離金不不 240 力理易了更益理理力力勞領練度理理理聯令見 Crystal City, VA 力 1991 年令 3,100 念六度量令量 1,088 理理 management by regulation 聯度列 Kettl, Ingraham, Sanders, and Horner, 聯聯理寧臨行類度神類勵勵度不易更留年度了勵度力量聯了度聯聯 The US Merit System Protection Board

regulation 聯度列 Kettl, Ingraham, Sanders, and Horner, 1996 24 聯聯理寧臨行

9 力理聯理行令來聯領見聯令了列行理聯行行精聯行類更行類理力不 OECD devolution 理紐蘭例 1988 年力理行僚僚 1992 年行更力狀類 1990 年都數 OECD, 1995: 益列更更易留更率理理更理更率行連陸理理 1979 年 the Civic Reform Act of 1979 立聯聯力立

力狀類 1990 年都數 OECD, 1995: 54-56 益列更更易留更率理理更理

10 力理理理不裂了聯勞 Federal Labor Relations Authority 理理行不參立了理律行領雷立行 political administration 令理理利益理 2 理理聯力理領力理行練福利行理理行理力立壟理僚理行理理諾參勞理力理力理理理狀復 Farnham and Giles, 理 model employer approach 率 2 參理 1993 年 9

練福利行理理行理力立壟理僚理行理理諾參勞理力理力理理理狀復 Farnham and

11 力理行立 1912 年行度了契了力理率理 new people management new industrial relations 略行行略理 paternalism 理理更不論理理僚都契行不力理 Kettl, Ingraham, Sanders, and Horner, 聯理理力理不濫力量利力量率力更契理契精神切六度行勵立度行勵力行了行行行不

契行不力理 Kettl, Ingraham, Sanders, and Horner, 1996 61-86 聯理理

12 力理輪度僚行年來行立量行識力精神理來理立行論立了僚 one size fits all 度行率落年了力理度行立僚 E 率行來 E 列力律行易都立不度度說力度不益理論度力立來離力立立識力

13 力理不利說行易力論行理不不來 E 參 Beer, M. B. Spector, P. Lawrence, Q. Mills, R. Walton Managing Human Assessts. New York: The Free Press. Blyton, P. and T. Turnbull Reassessing Human Resource Management. London: Sage Publications. Farnham, David and L. Giles People Management and Employment Relations, Managing the New Public Services, London: Macmillan Press.pp Fombrun, C. N. Tichy and M. Devanna Strategic Human Resource Management. New York: John Wiley. Kettl, D.; P. W. Ingraham; R. P. Sanders; and C. Horner, Civil Service Reform: Building a Government That Works. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. Marginson, P. K. Sisson, R. Martin and P. Edwards Beyond the Workplace: The Management of Industrial Relations in Large Enterprises. Oxford: Blackwell. OECD, Governance in Transition: Public Management Reforms in OECD Countries. Poole, M Human Resource Management: An International Perspective, International Journal of Human Resource Management 1(1), pp

People Management and Employment Relations, Managing the New Public Services, London: Macmillan Press.pp. 112-136. Fombrun, C. N. Tichy and M. Devanna. 1984. Strategic Human Resource Management.

14 力理 Pynes, Joan E Human Resources Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Raadschelders, Jos C. N A New Idealtype for Analyzing Trends in Human Resource Management, 61 st National Conference of American Society for Public Administration, April 1-5. San Diego, CA. Schuler, R. S Strategic Human Resource Management: Linking the People With the Strategic Needs of the Business, Organizational Dynamics, Summer, pp Schuler, R. S Human Resource Management, Human Resource Management, M. Poole & M. Warner, eds., New York: International Thomson Business Press. pp Sisson, K Introducing the Human Resource Management Journal, Human Resources Management Journal, 1(1), pp Towers Perrin Priorities for Gaining Competitive Advantage.

Human Resource Management, Human Resource Management, M. Poole & M. Warner, eds., New York: International Thomson Business Press. pp.122-142. Sisson, K. 1990.

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