E = B B = B = µ J + µ ε E B A A E B = B = A E = B E + A ϕ E? = ϕ E + A = E + A = E + A = ϕ E = ϕ A E E B J A f T = f L =.2 A = B A Aϕ A A = A + ψ ϕ ϕ

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每河常
5 years ago
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1 d' Alembet ϕ ϕ A, ϕ E = ρ ε

2 E = B B = B = µ J + µ ε E B A A E B = B = A E = B E + A ϕ E? = ϕ E + A = E + A = E + A = ϕ E = ϕ A E E B J A f T = f L =.2 A = B A Aϕ A A = A + ψ ϕ ϕ = ϕ ψ A, ϕ A, ϕ 2 A = A = B ϕ A = ϕ A = E 2 E, B A, ϕ 2

3 guage.3 A = E = E L + E T, E L = ϕ, E T = A A + c 2 ϕ =.4 d' Alembet B = A E = ϕ A E = ρ ε E B = µ J + µ ε ϕ + A = 2 ϕ + A = ρ 3 ε A = µ J µ ε 2 A c 2 2 A 2 ϕ + A A + ϕ c 2 = µ J 4 3

4 d' Alembet A c 2 2 A 2 2 ϕ = ρ ε c 2 ϕ = µ J A = ϕ d' Alembet A c 2 2 A 2 = µ J 5 2 ϕ c 2 2 ϕ 2 = ρ ε 6 A + c 2 ϕ = E B A c 2 2 A 2 =, 2 ϕ c 2 2 ϕ 2 = A + c 2 ϕ = A = A exp [i k x ωt], ϕ = ϕ exp [i k x ωt] ϕ = c2 ω k A = ce k A B = A = ik A E = ϕ A = ik ce k A + iωa = iω [A e k e k A] = iω [e k A e k ] = ce k B 4

5 A A αe k ϕ cα α A k A = ϕ = B = ik A, E = iωa, k A = 2 A c 2 2 A 2 2 ϕ = c 2 ϕ = A = ρ = ϕ ϕ = 2 A c 2 2 A 2 = A = A exp [i k x ωt], ϕ = A = AB E B = ik A, E = iωa, k A = ϕρ.6 Aϕ Page 224,2 5

6 2. ϕ 2 ϕ c 2 2 ϕ 2 = ρ ε 8 ϕx, t 2 A c 2 2 A 2 = µ J A + c 2 ϕ = ρx, t = Qtδx Qt = δt 2.2 ϕ ϕx, t = ϕ, t 2 ϕ ϕ ϕ, t = u,t c 2 2 ϕ 2 = ε Qtδ 9 2 ϕ =, c u 2 u 2 c 2 = 2 u, t = ft c + gt + c ϕ, t = ft c + gt + c g = ϕ, t = ft c 2.3 ϕ = 9 Q ε ϕ, t = Qt c ε 6

7 = 9 = 2 ϕ c 2 2 ϕ 2 = η Qt ε 2.4 = ε = ε ε dv η η η 2 c d 2 Qt c 2 d Qt c ε ε η d c 2 2 [ Q Q + ] 2 Q 2 d Q 2 = Qt ε 2 Qt c η Qt c Qt 2 Qt c dv Qt 2 dv = Qt ε ε ε 2 = δ ϕ 2 ϕ 2 c 2 = Qtδ 2 ε ϕ, t = Qt c ε x Qtδx x = x x ϕx, t = Qx, t ε x x ϕx, t = ε x x c = Qx, t c ε ρx, t c Ax, t = µ Jx, t c 7

8 2.6 ϕ A t = t c A + c 2 ϕ =, = f, ψ = f x, ψ + f y, ψ + f z, ψ x y z fx = x + f x ψ fy + ψ x y + f y ψ fz + ψ y z + f z ψ ψ z fx = x + f y y + f z fx ψ + z ψ x + f y ψ ψ y + f z ψ ψ z = f + ψ f ψ ϕ A Ax, t = µ = µ = µ = µ = µ = µ = µ = µ Jx, t [ Jx, t [ Jx, t [ Jx, t [ ϕ A + t Jx, t ] + t Jx, t ] t Jx, t J J t J [ J J + t J ] ] ] [ Jx, t Jx, t ] Jx, t µ Jx, t ds ϕx, t = ρx, t c ε 8

9 ϕx, t = ε = ε A + c 2 ϕ = µ = µ 2.7 ρx, t ρx, t ρx, t ] [ Jx, t + [ Jx, t + ρx, t ] ρx, t + Jx, t = A + c 2 ϕ = ϕx, t = ρx, t c, Ax, t = µ Jx, t c ε B = A, E = ϕ A ρ J x t t c c x t 9

10 5.5 A ϕ Zx, t A = c 2 Z ϕ = Z 2 J = P Z 2 Z c 2 Z = c2 µ P 3 E B Z Page 225: 3,4,5 E = Z c 2 µ P, B = c 2 Z 3. Jx, t = Jx e iωt, ρx, t = ρx e iωt Ax, t = µ Jx, t c = µ Jx e iωt k = e iωt µ Jx e ik = Ax e iωt Ax = µ e ik k = ω c Jx e ik ϕx, t = ρx, t c ε = ρx e iωt k ε = e iωt ρx e ik = ϕx e iωt ε

11 ϕx = ε ρx e ik B = A, E = ϕ A J = A ϕ 3.2 B = A E B = µ J + µ ε = iω c E 2 E = ic k B l = max x x 2 λ = 2π k = x x l λ and l λ l λ k, e ik B l λ l λ k, e ik fx + h, y + k, z + l fx, y, z + fx x fx + n m= n m= h m! x + k y + l m fx, y, z z m! x m fx x = l λ l = x x x e x = e x ρx e ik = ρx e ik x ρx e ik = + 2 x x : ρx e ik + = = =

12 [ρ] ρx e ik [J] Jx e ik ϕx = { [ρ] x [ρ] + ε 2 x x : [ρ] } + Ax = µ { [J] x [J] + 2 x x : [J] } ϕ ϕ x e iωt = ε = Q ε [ρ] e iωt = ρx, t c ε e iωt 3.5 ϕ ϕ x = x [ρ] ε = x [ρ] ε = ε = ε [p] x [ρ] [p] = x [ρ] A A x = µ [J] = µ [J] = µ [ dp dt ] = µ [ṗ] J = A x = Jx = J x + J x = J 2

13 3.6 ϕ x = ε [p], A x = µ [ṗ] B = A = µ [ṗ] E = ϕ A = ε [ṗ] [ p] c 2 E = ic k B l λ A x = µ e ik ṗ B = A = µ = µ e ik = µ e ik e ik ṗ = µ e ik e ṗ ṗ e ṗ + µ 2 iµ k e ik e ṗ + µ e ik ṗ + i 2π λ ike ik e ṗ 2π λ e ik ike, e iωt iω, ik = iω c c A x = µ e ik ṗ B = iµ k e ik e ṗ = E = ic k B = cb e = eik ε c 3 p e eik ε c 2 p e e 3

14 3.7 p B = E = BE eik ε c 3 p sin θ e φ eik ε c 2 p sin θ e θ B E = E TM TEM 3.8 S = 2 Re E H = c Re [B e B] 2µ = c 2µ B 2 e = p 2 sin 2 θ e 32π 2 ε c 3 2 S sin 2 θ e θ = π 2 θ =, π 3.9 P P = S dσ = S 2 dω = 32π 2 ε c 3 p 2 sin 2 θdω = 2πε c 3 p 2 n ϕ, ϕ 2, ϕ 2 3 A 2, ϕ m 2 4

15 3. l λi J, t = Iz δx δy e iωt e z l λ Iz = I 2 l z, z l 2 ṗ = Jx, t = l/2 Iz e iωt e z dz = 2 I l e iωt e z l/2 p = i ω 2 I l e iωt e z P = 2πε c 3 p 2 = I2 ω2 l 2 48πε c 3 = I2 l2 2π 48πε c 3 λ 2 c 2 = πi2 2ε c 2 l λ I l λ 2 [ P = 2 ] π l I 2 = 2 6ε c λ 2 R I 2 R = π 6 µ ε 2 l, l λ λ I P l λ 2 l l = λ 2 3. g T g = ε E B g = ε E B = ε µ E H = c 2 S 5

16 T = ε EE µ BB + 2 Iε E 2 + µ B 2 d g dv = dt f dv dσ T 3.2 E B k [ E T = E ε EE BB + µ 2 Iε E 2 + ] B 2 µ = ε E 2 E µ E BB + 2 Eε E 2 + µ B 2 = 2 ε E 2 E + 2µ B 2 E = B T =, T E = T B = k T = T k = 2 kε E 2 + µ B 2 = ϖk T = ϖe k e k = cge k e k 3.3 ḡc cos θ = ϖ i cos θ cos θ ḡc cos θ cos θ = ϖ i cos 2 θ P = 2 ϖ i cos 2 θ E i E 6

17 E = E i + E, E 2 = E 2 i + E ReE i E ϖ = ϖ i + ϖ = 2 ϖ i P = ϖ cos 2 θ E = E i ϖ = ϖ i P = 2π 2π π 2 s ϖ sin θ cos 2 θ dθdφ = ϖ 3 ICF E = E + E i =, B = 2B i cos θ e x n T = B 2 2 n = 2 Bi 2 cos 2 θn = 2ϖ i cos 2 θn µ µ P = 2 ϖ i cos 2 θ 3.4 Ax = µ Jx e ik e ik l, λ, E B A 2 S P S P ω 4 ω 6 S P l λ 2 l λ 4 p Page 225: 7, 7

18 E B E = ϕ = p = [ ε 3 ε = [ p ε + p = [ p ε 3 + p ] 3 = ε [ p 3 3 p e e 3 B = µ m 3 ] p 3 ] 3 = µ [ m 3 m e ] e p ] 3 dp dt = ṗ = pt = Jx, t ρx, tx dp dt = d { } ρx, tx ρx, tx = + [ρx, tvx ] dt { } ρ = x + ρv x + ρv x { } ρ = x + ρv + ρv x = ρv = J 8

5 (Green) δ

5 (Green) δ 2.............................. 2.2............................. 3.3............................. 3.4........................... 3.5...................... 4.6............................. 4.7..............................