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1 Ξ,,,, :, 1,,, 2, :, ,,,,,, 3,,,, 17,, 4 Ξ 1 International Red Cross Handbook, 12ed(1983), 2 The Efforts of ICRC in the Case of Violations of International Humanitarian Law, in International Review of the Red 3 International Court of J ustice,legality of the Threat of the Use or Use of Nuclear Weapons, (Advisory Opinion),J u2 4 Grotius H., The Law of War and Peace, Book,Larendon Press,pp H1McCoubrey and N. D. White, International Law and Armed Conflict, (Dartmouth Publishing Company,1992),pp Cross(March2April,1981). ly 8,1996,para. 78.

2 ,,,, 5,:,;, ;, 6,, 19,, () 1859,318 15,,,,,, ( 1864 ), 1864,,, ,37,1906,,, , 1907 ( ) 5 Roussear,J.J., The Social Contract,Harmoudsworth, 1968,p Ibid., p

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7 2000 4, 3, :, ; ; ; 4,, 3,, 14,, 15,1949 (),, ,,,, ( ), 6 7 :,,7 8 :, ( ) 31, 17,, G. I. A. Draper, The Geneva Conventions of 1949,114 RCADI,1965,p , (,1997 ), G. Abi - Saab,The Specificities of Humanitarian Law,in C. Swinarski,ed., Studies and Essays on International Hu2 76 manitarian Law and Red Cross Principles(Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,1984),pp

8 ,,, 4. 1 : :, () 18,, :,,,; :, 53,, ; 20,,, , ,, ,, 18J. Pictet,Commentary ( ICRC,1960),p ICJ. Rep. 1970,p , ; , , 90 : 21D. Schindler and J. Toman ed., The Laws of Armed Conflict,ed., p. 70.,

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10 25, 1,,,, 26, ,,,, ;,, :,, ; ,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;50 51 ; ; ;85 91 F. Kalshoven and Yves Sandoz,ed., Implementation of International Hu2 manitarian Law (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,1989),pp Yves Sandoz,Implementing International Humanitarian Law (1995),p. 26,up2dated reprint from International Dimen2 sions of Humanitarian Law ( Henry Dunant Institute,Martinus Hijhoff Publishers,1988) ;48 ;

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