2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题

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1 2014 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语 ( 二 ) 试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn t always better. A number of studies have 1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually 2. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. 3 among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, 8,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese While such numerical standards seem 9, they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.the overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools 1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured 2.[A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern 6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies 8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part 9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward 10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless 11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste 12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay 13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant 14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency 15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored 16. [A]compared [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated

2 17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only 18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded 19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies 20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without Section II Part A Reading Comprehension Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession Readers of HappyMoney are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent 21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase? [A]A big house [B]A special tour [C]A stylish car [D]A rich meal

3 22.The author s attitude toward Americans watching TV is [A]critical [B]supportive [C]sympathetic [D]ambiguous 23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that [A]consumers are sometimes irrational [B]popularity usually comes after quality [C]marketing tricks are after effective [D]rarity generally increases pleasure 24.According to the last paragraph,happy Money [A]has left much room for readers criticism [B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase [C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us [D]may give its readers a sense of achievement 25.This text mainly discusses how to [A]balance feeling good and spending money [B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries [C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent [D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries Text 2 An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the above average effect, or illusory superiority, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others all obviously statistical impossibilities We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we re hot stuff Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must

4 (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. I don t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion, says Epley. It s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves. If you are depressed, you won t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore,is a self-enhancer s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit,style,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it s not that people s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon Madison university, but they portray an idealized version of themselves 26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that. [A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high [B] illusory superiority is baseless effect [C] our need for leadership is unnatural [D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective 27. Visual recognition is believed to be people s [A] rapid watching [B] conscious choice [C] intuitive response [D] automatic self-defence 28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to [A] underestimate their insecurities [B] believe in their attractiveness [C] cover up their depressions [D] oversimplify their illusions 29.The word Viscerally (Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to. [A]instinctively [B]occasionally [C]particularly [D]aggressively 30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer s paradise because people can. [A]present their dishonest profiles [B]define their traditional life styles [C]share their intellectual pursuits [D]withhold their unflattering sides

5 Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee. When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business. This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee mi ss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place. Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be "tightly scripted" and "highly standardized" ones that leave no room for "individual initiative or creativity." In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says. It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination "to respond to unexpected events." That's not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities. As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, "how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?" 31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would. [A]ease the competition of man vs. machine [B]highlight machines threat to human jobs [C]provoke a painful technological revolution [D]outmode our current economic structure 32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that. [A]technology is diminishing man s job opportunities [B]automation is accelerating technological development [C]certain jobs will remain intact after automation [D]man will finally win the race against machine 33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often. [A]performed by innovative minds [B]scripted with an individual style

6 [C]standardized without a clear target [D]designed against human creativity 34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed. [A]the predictability of machine behavior in practice [B]the formula for how work is conducted efficiently [C]the ways machines replace human labor in modern times [D]the necessity of human involvement in the workplace 35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text? [A]How to Innovate Our Work Practices [B]Machines will Replace Human Labor [C]Can We Win the Race Against Machines [D]Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations Text 4 When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6% Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing 4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate 36. The author believes that the housing sector [A] has attracted much attention

7 [B] involves certain political factors [C] shoulders too much responsibility [D] has lost its real value in economy 37. It can be learned that affordable housing has [A] increased its home supply [B] offered spending opportunities [C] suffered government biases [D] disappointed the government 38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may [A] allow greater government debt for housing [B] stop local authorities from building homes [C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt [D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast 39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would. [A]lower the costs of registered providers [B]lessen the impact of government interference [C]contribute to funding new developments [D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities 40.The author believes that after 2015,the government may. [A]implement more policies to support housing [B]review the need for large-scale public grants [C]renew the affordable housing grants programme [D]stop generous funding to the housing sector Part B Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of eland itself as their medium.

8 The British land artist, typified by Richard Long s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long s photograph of his work is the work. Since his action is in the past the photograph is its sole embodiment. That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects. Long is Britain s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterizes most of our experience of the landscape most of the time. Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph. Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape pain ting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash. In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape- orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable. Section III Translation Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that s perpetually half fall. But that s

9 exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn t recommend. Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn t matter Section IV Writing Part A 47.Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to to 1)tell him about your living habits, and 2)ask for advice about living there You should write about 100 words on answer sheet Do not use your own name Part B 48. Directions: Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) You should 1. interpret the chart, and 2. give your comments You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

10 2014 年管理类联考英语二参考答案 Section I Use of English 1 答案 B concluded 解析 题干中, 一系列的研究已经, 事实上, 正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人 根据句义, 后面的部分实际上是研究的结论, 因此 concluded 符合题意, 其他选项 denied( 否认 ) 与意义相反,doubled( 翻倍 ) 与题意较远,ensured( 确保 ) 不符合题意, 因为研究不能确保后面的事实, 只能得出后面的事实作为结论 所以正确答案为 B 2 答案 A protective 解析 题干中, 对于某些健康情况, 超重事实上是有 根据前文研究的结论, 超重能减少罹患疾病的风险, 说明超重具有一定的保护作用 Dangerous 和文章意思相反,sufficient 表示充足, troublesome 表示有麻烦, 不符合题意, 所以正确答案为 A 3 答案 C likewise 解析 第三句话中, 较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人, 在老年人中, 一定程度上超重 需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语 A 选项 instead 表示逆接的句意关系,B 选项 however 也表示逆接,D 选项 therefore 表示因此, 只有 C 选项 likewise 意为同样地 ; 也, 而且 因此正确答案为 C 4 答案 A indicator 解析 本句话中,, 一定程度上超重, 经常是健康的 A 选项, 表示指示器, 指标 B 选项 objective 表示客观 ;C 选项 origin 表示来源,D 选项 example 表示例子 根据前面的文章内容, 已经明确指出超重代表了健康, 因此超重是健康的指标 因此正确答案为 A 5 答案 D concern 解析 本句话的句意是, 需要更加 是, 很难对肥胖加以定义 A impact( 印象 );B relevance ( 相关性 );C assistance( 辅助 );D concern( 关注 ) 前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康, 但是又面临一个问题, 到底如何去定义肥胖, 因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义, 其他选项均不符合题意, 所以正确答案为 D 6 答案 A in terms of 解析 题干中, 肥胖经常 体质指数, 或称为 BMI 来定义 A in terms of, 根据, 就 而言 B In case of 表示在某种情况下, C in favor of 表示赞成, 以 来取代,D in respect of, 关于 因此正确答案为 A 在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用 BMI 作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标, 希望考生能够记住这一背景知识, 方便日后做题 7 答案 C equals 解析 本题题干中 BMI 体重除以身高的平方, 这里是用文字叙述了 BMI 指数得出的方法, 也就是一个数学公式, 所以 equal 符合题意 A measure( 测量 ) B determine 表示确定 ;D modify( 修订 ) 句义就是 BMI 等于体重除以身高的平方

11 8 答案 C in turn 解析 本题题干中, 肥胖 能够分成中度肥胖 重度肥胖和极度肥胖 A in essence( 事实上 实际上 ); B in contrast ( 相反地 );C in turn( 依次 ); D in part ( 部分地 ) 本句是将肥胖依次分级, 所以正确答案为 C 9 答案 D straightforward 解析 题干中, 相比之下, 这样的数字标准看起来, 实际上不是的 A complicated ( 复杂 );B conservative( 保守 ) C variable( 可变的 );D straightforward( 直截了当 ); 这里的数字标准指的就是肥胖指数, 肥胖指数分为三类, 而且算法比较简单, 所以 A 复杂不正确,B 选项保守, 用于描述一种数学公式, 不恰当, 一名患者或一名受试者的 BMI 一般是确定的, 因此可变的也不符合题意,D 选项 straightforward 表示直截了当, 符合题意, 因此正确答案为 D 10 答案 B while 解析 本句中, 一些人有很高的 BMI, 实际上身材正好, 其他人有较低的 BMI 指数, 可能 从前半句我们可以看出, 有些人的 BMI 指数很高, 应该属于体重肥胖的人, 事实上身材正好, 这里说明的是反常的现象, 后半句是其他人的 BMI 指数较低, 而 较差 A so( 所以 );B while( 而 );C since( 因为 );D unless( 除非 ) 四个选项中只有 while 有转折的含义, 其他选项均不符合题意, 所以正确答案为 B 11 答案 A shape 解析 本题可以简化为:Some are fit, while others may be in poor. 不难看出, 前后意义相反, 且 fit( 体型健康 ) 与 in poor 对应, 与之最相关是 A shape( 外形 ), 故为正确答案 精神 均衡 品味 都相差比较远, 可以排除 12 答案 B qualify 解析 本题顺应前文意义: 有一些人体型很好, 有些人体型体型肥胖 接下来举例说有些专业足球运动员是肥胖的, 开始 不符 ; 处在 也不符合句意 ; 被认为 符合句意, 正确 13 答案 C normal 解析 本句不难理解: 有些人脂肪过高, 但是 BMI 却 所需词汇明显是正向的, 排除 A B;D 属中性, 且不符合句意,C( 正常的 ) 契合, 为正确答案 14 答案 D tendency 解析 本题解题关键是后半句:to stigmatize obesity( 抵毁肥胖 ), 作为划线部分的后置定语, 将四个选项 选择 理由 机会 倾向 代入划线处, 最符合句意的是 D( 倾向 ) 后面一句也进一步证实了 ( 出现在媒体中的肥胖者脸都是打了马赛马的 ) 15 答案 C pictured 解析 空格所在句提到了媒体, 根据语境, 上句讲到当今我们都污蔑肥胖, 所以本句的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖, 四个选项中, 跟媒体相关系的词汇只有 C picture 意思为刻画, 描写, 描述 16 答案 D associated 解析 空格所在句的意思是与肥胖 的原型包括懒惰, 缺乏意志力, 对成功的期望值不高

12 空格后面提到的懒惰, 缺乏意志力和对成功的期望值不高都是与肥胖相关的表现, 分析四个选项,A. 与 相比 ;B 与 相结合 ;C. 和 和解 ; 都不符合题意, 只有 D 与 相联系, 相关符合句意 17 答案 A even 解析 空格所在句的意思是 小孩子蔑视超重, 而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题 本空格缺少一个副词, 根据语境记忆常识, 此处应该填入表示让步关系的词汇, 分析四个选项, 只有 A even 即使符合题意 18 答案 D grounded 解析 根据语境, 空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度, 空后讲到对健康的关注, 激发一批反肥胖的 本句没有出现任何转折词, 说明空前后所表达的意思是一致的, 反对肥胖, 是基于对健康的关注, 分析四个选项, 能够表达此意思的词汇, 只有选项 D grounded, 意思是基于 19 答案 D policies 解析 解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子 空后的句子出现了一系列表示同一个语义场的词汇, 比如 hospital system ;ban; many employers institute, 指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题, 浏览四个选项,D 选项 policies 符合题意, 直接入选 20 答案 B against 解析 本段的主题是反对肥胖, 本句话属于细节的句子, 用来支持这个主题, 空格所在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的 儿童肥胖, 甚至告诉奥兹博士, 它代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁 空格中缺少词汇应该含有反对, 反抗的意思, 纵观四个选项, 只有 B against 符合题意 Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 21 答案 B A special tour 解析 细节题 答案定位在第二段的 it is far better to spend money on experiences like interesting trips, 意思是 花钱消费在经历方面更好, 比如说有趣的旅行, 由此可以得知答案是 B 选项 一场特别的旅行 22 答案 A critical 解析 观点态度题 答案定位在第三段的 something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it, 意思是 普通美国人一年花两个月的时间看电视, 并且看电视几乎不可能更愉快, 因此可以得知作者对于看电视的态度是 A 选项 批判的 23 答案 D rarity generally increases pleasure 解析 观点例证题 答案定位在第三段, 文章中提到 Mc Rib 这个例子, 用这个例子证明的论点是 luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly, 大意是 有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦,D 选项正是这句论点句的同义替换

13 24 答案 B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase 解析 细节题 答案定位在最后一段的最后一句 most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent, 大意是 大多数人看完这本书后, 认为物有所值, 因此可以推知 B 选项是正确答案 25 答案 A balance feeling good and spending money 解析 主旨题 纵观全文可知, 全文主要谈论花钱消费和心情愉悦之间的关系, 因此答案定位在 A 选项 Text 2 26 答案 A our self-ratings are unrealistically high 解析 题目问 根据第一段, 社会心理学家发现了什么? 对应于文章第一段第三句 社会心理学家对所谓的 高于均数效应 或者 虚幻的优越感 进行大量的研究, 发现我们中 70% 的人认为自己的领导力在平均水平之上 这些数据明显都是不可能的 由此可知, 我们对自己评价过高 故答案为 [A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high 27 答案 C intuitive response 解析 题目问 视觉识别被认为是人们的什么? 对应于文章第三段第三句 视觉识别是自动的心理过程, 这个过程依靠直觉快速发生, 且并不是故意的 由此可知, 视觉识别被认为是人们的直觉反应 故答案为 [C] intuitive response 28 答案 B believe in their attractiveness 解析 题目问 Epley 发现有更高自尊的人倾向于怎样 对应到第四段, 第二句讲到 没有证据显示那些自我提升最多的人这样做是为了掩饰自己的不安全, 接着讲到 : 事实上, 那些认为自己的形象高于吸引力标准的人就是那些表现出更高自尊的人, 故答案为 [B] believe in their attractiveness 29 答案 [A] instinctively 解析 题目问 最接近 viscerally 的意思的是? 对应到第五段,viscerally 所在句讲到 许多人讨厌照片中的自己, 从某种层面上说, 他们甚至不承认照片中的人是他们自己 而下文又讲到 facebook 是自我拔高者的天堂, 在那里人们可以分享最满意的的照片 由此可知,viscerally 在本句中是 本质上地 意思, 故答案为 [A] instinctively 30 答案 [D]withhold their unflattering sides 解析 题干问 我们可以推理出脸书 (facebook) 之所以是一个自我拔高者的天堂, 是因为人们可以做什么? 对应于文章最后一段的第二句, 该句讲到 在脸书 (facebook) 中, 人们可以分享最满意的照片 下文接着讲到 不是人们不诚实, 而是人们展示了自己最理想的形象 故答案为 [D]withhold their unflattering sides Text 答案 [B]highlight machines threat to human joobs 解析 第一段重点讲解的是人和机器的对决的情况僵持的时间很长, 并且这个现象在经济萧条和复苏季更严重 然后说道这个想象吞噬我们的工作

14 32. 答案 [A]technology is diminishing man s job opportunities. 解析 原文的第二段第一句话中主句 jobs(that)become threatened. 33. 答案 [D]designed against human creativity 解析 根据人名定位到 Hagel 说的话, 他认为美国的一些工作 designed against human creativity 34. 答案 [B]the formula for how work is conducted effieciently 解析 根据最后一段,B 和 M 探讨 the formula for how work is conducted effieciently 35. 答案 [C]can we win the race against machines Text 4 36 答案 [B] involves certain political factors 解析 根据本题题干中的关键词 housing sector 可以对应到文章的第二段, 中间说的很多, 我们注意到最后有 but 出现, 最后应该是作者真正想要表达的观点, 另外这里用了 the most significant 最高级, 所以最后这个是最重要的一个原因,politically charged 和选项 B 的 political factors 有对应关系, 故选 B involves certain political factors A 项的吸引注意没有提及,C 项的承担太多责任, 原文说的 shoulder the blame,d 项说的丧失价值, 原文说的是不善于表明真正价值, 两者不一致, 故排除 37 答案 [C] suffered government biases 解析 经济适用房曾受到政府的偏见 答案定位到文章第三段最后一句话 It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need. 政府需要把历史的偏见放在一边并且采取一些策略解决我们迫切的住房需求 Suffered 是过去式, 是对于原文 history 的同义反复,biases 是对原文 prejudices 的同义反复 38 答案 [A] allow greater government debt for housing 解析 根据人名 George Osborne 定位得知, 此人将会让当地政府用来偿还建房借贷的限额变得更加宽松, 并且在借贷限额放宽的情况下, 将会另有 60,000 所房屋在未来的五年中建立, 并由此拉动国内生产总值的百分之零点六 因此 A( 允许更大的政府的建房借贷 ) 是正确的, 而 B( 禁止当地政府建房 ),C( 准备减少建房借贷 ),D( 发布国内生产总值增长的预报 ) 都与原文意思不符 39 答案 [C] contribute to funding new developments 解析 推断题 根据文章题干定位到第五段, 题干考察的是对稳定的租赁环境的理解 A 项的意思是 减少注册供应者的成本, 其中 成本一词 并未在文中出现, 属于无中生有 B 项的意思是 减少政府接介入的影响, 其中 政府介入 并未在文中出现, 属于无中生有 B 项的意思是 有助于为新发展提供资金支持, 其中 为新发展提供资金支持 对应文中的 fund new developments ;C 选项中的 contribute to ( 意思是有助于 ) 对英文中的 have a significant impact( 意思是有重要影响 ), 符合正解的同义复现原则, 所以是正确选项 40 答案 [D] stop generous funding to the housing sector 解析 推断题 根据题干定位到最后一段第三行 考察的是 2015 年以后政府的可能性动作 A 项的意思是 推行更多的政策来支持住房 与原文意义相反 B 项的意思是重新审视大规模公共拨款的需

15 求, 与原文倒数第二段意义相违背 C 项的意思是更新可负担的住房拨款项目并没有提到 renew 一词 D 项的意思是停止对住房部门的大额资助, 与原文的倒数第二句相匹配, 故为正确选项 41.D.represents the elegance of the British land art 42.B. Illustrates a kind of landscape-orientied light conceptual art 43.G.contains iamges from different parts of the same photograph 44.C. Reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition 45.A originates from a long walk that the artist took 46 参考译文 大多数人认为乐观是无尽的欢乐, 如同总是有半杯水的杯子 但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所称道的虚假的快乐 哈佛大学的 Tal Ben-Shahar 教授说, 健康的乐观主义意味着要活在现实之中 在 Ben-Shahar 看来, 现实的乐观主义者会因势利导, 而非求全责备 Ben-Shahar 会使用三种乐观的方法 比如说, 当他因搞砸了一场演讲而倍感郁闷的时候, 他会告诉自己这是很正常的事, 提醒自己 : 并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔奖, 总会有一些人的演讲效果不及其他人 接着为改进 他分析了一些效果不好的演讲并且从那些起效和无效的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备 最后是看待问题的角度, 即在生活的宏伟计划中, 一次演讲真的无足轻重 Section IV Writing Part A 47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an to 1) tell him about your living habits, and 2) ask for advice about living there Dear John, I am Li Ming, your future roommate and a new arrival from China who is coming over here for further education. I am writing this letter to let you know about me and ask for some suggestions for my future life in America. First, I am a quiet person so that your keeping silent would be highly appreciated. Second, I like cooking and I wonder whether it is okay to you that I cook Chinese dish at home, because the preparation for Chinese cuisine may produce much smoke. Third, I want to buy a car but I know nothing about traffic rules in America. Would you please give me a lesson about traffic laws in US.

16 Wish you reply soon. Yours sincerely, Li Ming Part B 48. Directions: Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) As the bar graph indicates, both city and rural area witnessed a distinguished phenomenon in population fluctuation. Indeed, population in city increased at a breakneck speed and surpassed that of rural area during the period from 1990 to 2010 while population in rural region slightly decreased down to a scale which was close to that of city. What accounts for this disparity? The answer involves two factors. The first contributing factor is the substantially fast developing steps of cities in China. No one can deny that since Chinese economic reform from 1980s which mostly benefits people in city. The second reason is that Chinese farmers enjoy the harvest from new policies that are established to benefit farmers. People in rural areas are allowed to migrate for work and residence by the law and an increasing number of farmers choose to work in city and become migrant workers just because they would make much more money than ever before in city. All these are the result of urbanization. Based on the analyses above, we can safely draw the conclusion that the process of urbanization will continue in the years ahead, and every single Chinese benefits from the fast development of China.