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1 NANO COMMUNICATION 24 No Introduction to Perovskite Solar Cells (Perovskite) (Photovoltaic Devices) 3.8% 21% Abstract The power conversion efficiency of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) has been improved astonishingly from 3.8% to more than 21% just in the past few years. They have been recognized as one of the most promising technologies to compete with the existing Si technology. In this article, we will briefly describe the device structures and fabrication processes of PeSCs and their recent development for flexible solar panels. Keywords OrganicInorganicPerovskiteSolar cellsflexible

4 22 1945 (Perovskite) (Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, DSSCs) TiO 2 ZnO MiyasakaDSSCs (FTO/TiO 2 /Perovskite/Pt- FTO) CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 3.13%3.

2 (Perovskite) (Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, DSSCs) TiO 2 ZnO MiyasakaDSSCs (FTO/TiO 2 /Perovskite/Pt- FTO) CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 CH 3 NH 3 PbI %3.81% [1-2] 1839 Gustav Rose (Ural Mountain) CaTiO 3 L. A, Perovski PerovskiteABX 3 1(a) [3] ABX BX 6 (Octahedra) AB (Pb)(Sn) (Exciton Binding Energy) (Organometal Halide Perovskite)CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 1(b)A CH 3 NH + 3 B(Pb 2+ ) A (Cs )Formamidinium (HC(NH 2 ) 2+ )X (Cl - )Br - I - 1 (a) ABX 3 (b) CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 [3] Single-stepTwo-step Two-step(2) [4] 2.1 Single-step Single-step(2(a))MAIPbX 2 ( X=I, Br, Cl)DMFDMSOGBL MAI-poor(1:2)MAI-rich(3:1) Single-step 9.7% [5] 19.7% [6] Single-step

NANO COMMUNICATION 24 No. 2 23 : (Spray)(Inkjet printing)(doctorblade) 2.2 Two-step Two-step(2(b))MAIIPA PbX 2 ( X=I, Br, Cl)DMFDMSOGBL PbX 2 MAIMAIPbX 2 Single-step 201420.2% [7] 2.

3 NANO COMMUNICATION 24 No : (Spray)(Inkjet printing)(doctorblade) 2.2 Two-step Two-step(2(b))MAIIPA PbX 2 ( X=I, Br, Cl)DMFDMSOGBL PbX 2 MAIMAIPbX 2 Single-step % [7] 2.3 Two-step Two-step(2(c))PbX 2 MAIPbX % [8] 2.4 (2(d)) MAIPbX 2 2 (a) single-step (b) two-step (c) twostep (d) [4] :n-i-p n-i-pp-i-np-i-n(3) [4] 3.1 n-i-p n-i-p nntio 2 ZnOSnO 2 TiO 2 ZnO 2 (Conduction Band)4~4.2 ev CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (3.9 ev) (3 ev) n-i-p (3(a)) FTO (mp-TiO 2 ) Spiro-MeOTAD [9] (V oc ) (J sc ) [10-11] % [12] n-i-p(3(b)) 19.3%

4 24 3.2 p-i-n p-i-n(3(c)) PEDOT:PSS PCBM 150 PEDOT:PSS 18.

2%NiOZnO/TiO 2 p-i-n(3(d)) 17.3% [14] (0.15mm)PETPNT (150)PET PNT (TCO) ITOIZOAZO ZnO ZnO 2.

4 p-i-n p-i-n(3(c)) PEDOT:PSS PCBM 150 PEDOT:PSS 18.9% [13] PEDOT:PSS (NiO x ) PCBM TiO 2 PCBM p-i-n PEDOT:PSS 3- PEDOT:PSS PCBM C 60 BCP PCBM PCBM p-i-n PEDOT:PSS 9.2%NiOZnO/TiO 2 p-i-n(3(d)) 17.3% [14] (0.15mm)PETPNT (150)PET PNT (TCO) ITOIZOAZO ZnO ZnO 2.6%(PET-ITO/ZnO/ CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /spiro-ometad/au) (15.6%) (PET/ITO/ZnO/ CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /PTAA/Au)4 TiO 2 TiO 2 I-V (IV )TiO 2 TiO 2 3 (a) n-i-p(b) n-i-p(c) p-i-n(d) p-i-n ; (e) SEM TiO 2 [4] 4 [14]

5 NANO COMMUNICATION 24 No PET () (1 cm 2 ) ; (100 cm 2 ~1m 2 ) ; (Roll-to- Roll) 5PET/ITO/ZnO/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 / P 3 HT/Ag PET Two-step PbI 2 CH 3 NH 3 I CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ABX 3 ( YVO 4 :Eu 3+ NPs [17,18] [1] A. Kojima, K., Teshima, Y. Shirai, T. Miyasaka, Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc.131, , [2] J.-H. Im, H.-S. Kim, N.G. Park, Morphology- Photovoltaic Property Correlation in Perovskite Solar Cells: One-step versus Two-Step Deposition of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 APL Mater. 2, , [3] N. G. Park, Perovskite Solar Cells: an Emerging Photovoltaic Technology Mater. Today 18, 65, [4] Z. Song, S. C. Watthage, A. Phillips, M. J. Heben, Pathways toward High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells: Review of Recent Advances in Organo-Metal Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications J. Photon. Energy 6, , [5] J.-H. Im, I. H. Jang, N. Pellet, M. Grätzel, N. G. Park, Growth of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Cuboids with Controlled Size for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, , Roll-to-Roll [16] [6] N. Ahn, D. Y. Son, I. H. Jang, S. M. Kang, M. Choi, N. G. Park, Highly Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells with Average Efficiency of 18.3% and Best Efficiency of 19.7% Fabricated via Lewis Base Adduct of Lead(II) Iodide J.

6 4 26 Am. Chem. Soc. 137, , [7] G. E. Eperon, V. M. Burlakov, P. Docampo, A. Goriely, H. J. Snaith Morphological Control for High Performance, Solution-Processed Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, , [8] F. Hao, C. C. Stoumpos, Z. Liu, R. P. H. Chang, M. G. Kanatzidis Controllable Perovskite Crystallization at a Gas Solid Interface for Hole Conductor-Free Solar Cells with Steady Power Conversion Efficiency over 10% J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, , [9] H.-S. Kim, C. R. Lee, J. H. Im, K. B. Lee, T. Moehl, A. Marchioro, S. J. Moon, R. Humphry-Baker, J. H. Yum, J. E. Moser, M. Grätzel, N. G. Park Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid-State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9% Sci. Rep. 2, 591, [10] T. Leijtens, B. Lauber, G. E. Eperon, S. D. Stranks, H. J. Snaith The Importance of Perovskite Pore Filling in Organometal Mixed Halide Sensitized TiO 2 -Based Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5, , [15] J. H. Heo, M. H. Lee, H. J. Han, B. R. Patil, J. S. Yuand, S. H. Im, Highly Eefficient Low Temperature Solution Processable Planar Type CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Flexible Solar Cells J. Mater. Chem., 4, , [16] K. Hwang, Y.-S. Jung, Y.-J. Heo, F. H. Scholes, S. E. Watkins, J. Subbiah, D. J. Jones, D.-Y. Kim and D. Vak, Toward Large Scale Roll-to-Roll Production of Fully Printed Perovskite Solar Cells Adv. Mater., 27, , [17] N. Chander, A. Khan, P. Chandrasekhar, E. Thouti, S. K. Swami, V. Dutta and V. K. Komarala, Reduced UltravioletLight Induced Degradation and Enhanced Light Harvesting Using YVO 4 :Eu 3+ Down-shifting Nano- Phosphor Layer in Organometal Halide Perovskite Solar CellsAppl. Phys. Lett., 105, , 2014 [18] I. García-Benito, I Zimmermann, J. Urieta-Mora, J. Aragó, A. Molina-Ontoria, E. Ortí, Nazario Martín and M. K. NazeeruddinIsomerism Effect on the Photovoltaic Properties of Benzotrithiophene-based Hole-Transporting MaterialsJ. Mater. Chem. A, 5, 8317, [11] G. E. Eperon, V. M. Burlakov, P. Docampo, A. Goriely, H. J. Snaith Morphological Control for High Performance, Solution-Processed Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, , [12] W. S. Yang, J. H. Noh, N. J. Jeon, Y. C. Kim, S. Ryu, J. Seo, S. I. Seok, High-Performance Photovoltaic Perovskite Layers Fabricated through Intramolecular Exchange Science 348, , [13] Q. Dong, Y. Yuan, Y. Shao, Y. Fang, Q. Wang and J. Huang Abnormal Crystal Growth in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3x Cl x using a Multi-Cycle Solution Coating Process Energy Environ. Sci. 8, , [14] J. H. Park, J. Seo, S. Park, S. S. Shin, Y. C. Kim, N. J. Jeon, H. W. Shin, T. K. Ahn, J. H. Noh, S. C. Yoon, C. S. Hwang, S. I. Seok Efficient CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells Employing Nanostructured p-type NiO Electrode Formed by a Pulsed Laser Deposition Adv. Mater. 27, , 2015.

原子层沉积法在氧化亚铜薄膜上沉积一种或多种氧化物 ( 氧化钛 TiO 2 氧化铝 Al 2O 3 及氧化锌 ZnO 等 ), 对不同保护膜改性的氧化亚铜薄膜进行结构表征和光催化性能测试

原子层沉积法在氧化亚铜薄膜上沉积一种或多种氧化物 ( 氧化钛 TiO 2 氧化铝 Al 2O 3 及氧化锌 ZnO 等 ), 对不同保护膜改性的氧化亚铜薄膜进行结构表征和光催化性能测试 P 型氧化亚铜光电阴极的原子层沉积法改性谢静文 ( 上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海上海市 200240) 摘要 : 氧化亚铜是一种来源广成本低效率高的光驱动裂解水制氢半导体材料, 然而氧化亚铜在水溶液不稳定性限制了它的广