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圭冉
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4 Condition ( ) Comparison( ) Temperature 20 F(-7) vs. 77 F(25 ) Percent Reduction in Fuel Economy (Min) 5 Percent Reduction in Fuel Economy (Max) 13 Idling / Warm up Air conditioning Extreme heat ( ) Defroster ( ) Head wind ( ) Winter vs. Summer 20 mph (32kph) Variable with Driver N/A ) 6 Uphill driving ( ) Poor road conditions ( ) Congested traffic ( 20 mph (32kph) vs.27mph(43kph) average speed ( ) Highway speed ( 70 mph vs. 55 mph 112 kph vs.88 kph Acceleration rate ( ) 7% grade ( ) Gravel, curves, slush, snow, 4 etc Hard vs. easy 12 ( ) N/A )

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9 Country year Test Actual Average Percent gap gap Comments 1(km/l) % % Canada % individual car models % France % Germany % Sweden % U.S.A Car % 1985 Trucks % U.K % 9

10 2. (1)- Hyundai Sonata (TEEV) : SAE 2002 Automotive Alternate Refrigerant System Symposium Presentation July 9 - July Scottsdale, Arizona.

11 2. (2)- 11

12 2. (3)- SC03 US06 12

13 2. (4) % 35A/C ON V.S. 25A/C Off :14 :25A/C Off % 25A/C ON V.S. 25A/C Off -22.2% 35A/C ON -7.20% 35A/C ON V.S. 25A/C ON -14.7% 25A/C ON -30% -25% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% -25% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% 13

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15 2. CO 2 (6) - Vehicle class Small Car Large Car Minivan Small Truck Large Truck With no A/C system operation CO2 With baseline A/C system Due to baseline air conditioning With improved A/C system Reduction Due To (g/km) Improved A/C System From baseline A/C system 2.4% 2.3% 2.5% 2.2% 1.9% 1. Utilizes fixed displacement compressor (FDC) 2. Equipped with a variable displacement compressor (VDC), air re-circulation, and HFC- 152a as the refrigerant CO 2, CO 2 : CARB, 15

16 2. (7) ( ) 16

17 ABCD (km) (100c.c.) (100c.c.) (126c.c.) (197c.c.)

18 18 Honda CR-V 2.0A Toyota Corona 1.6 A

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21 Average Fuel Consumption (L/100km) FTP Euro 2 Euro 3 AUC Light Small Medium Upper Medium Heavy Vehicle Category 21

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24 ave max 287 min ave max 21 min ave max 17 min

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30 Wolf-Heinrich Hucho, 1998, Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles, Fourth Edition, SAE International. 30

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32 20.0% 15.0% 13.2% 9.0% 10.0% 3.9% 4.7% 5.0% 0.0% Saunders Buckley 32

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35 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 12.3% 16.4% 5.5% 6.4% 4.3% 7.7% ( ) ( ) 35

36 - 91 (1) ( ) % ( 17,470kg 24,730kg) 100% 100%( 23,960kg 35,010kg) 30kph60kph90kph 60kph90kph 30kph 2 1 8m/s 36

37 - 91 (2) 37

38 % 7.7% 38

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40 --- ± 40

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42 (V=90kph) (V=90kph*1.5) 42

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51 98% 77 2, (km/l, ) ( ).) 51

( 一 ) 全面贯彻党和国家的教育方针政策, 落实国家有关教育的法律法规 ; 研究草拟江苏省教育法规和政策, 并组织实施 ( 二 ) 研究教育发展战略思路, 统筹规划协调指导江苏

( 一 ) 全面贯彻党和国家的教育方针政策, 落实国家有关教育的法律法规 ; 研究草拟江苏省教育法规和政策, 并组织实施 ( 二 ) 研究教育发展战略思路, 统筹规划协调指导江苏 2008 年江苏高考改革新方案引争议 1. 案例概述 1.1 案例简介 2008 年高考新方案是江苏省 10 年内的第五套高考方案, 此方案 11 月 28 日一出台就饱受争议, 被指有轻理化的嫌疑且在录取阶段出现了录取准则不明确的现象针对此现象,