嘉南藥理科技大學學位論文典藏

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1 理論理 Pilot study of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by submerged aerobic membrane bioreactor 林良年

2 理 Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science 論 Thesis for the Degree of Master 理 Pilot study of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by submerged aerobic membrane bioreactor 林 (AdvisorDr. Shiow-Shyung Lin) 良 (Co-AdvisorDr. Chia-Yuan Chang) (Master studentliang-i Kan) 年 December 2006

5 (Submerged Aerated Membrane Bioreactor, SAMBR) 理 2005 年不泥 77 泥泥留 331 力留 51 參數行泥行兩 76 不泥泥泥理 MLSS 度 5.7~9.1 g/l 6.2~10.0 g/lmlvss 度 5.2~8.1 g/l 5.4~8.6 g/lmlvss/mlss 0.84~ ~0.92 泥 17 MLSS 理 MLSS 12.3~15.2 g/l MLSS 13.3~16.7 g/l BOD 率 99.3%CODSS 率 95.9% 100%BOD 理 0.068~4.617 kg BOD 5 /m 3 day 0.007~0.04 kg BOD 5 /m 3 daybod 理 0.07~0.36 kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day ~ kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-dayCOD 理 0.099~6.844 kg COD/m 3 day 0.011~0.408 I

6 kg COD/m 3 daycod 理 0.014~0.65 kg COD/kg MLVSS-day 0.003~0.079 kg COD/kg MLVSS-day 泥率 (specific oxygen uptake ratesour) 理 19~75 mg-o 2 /g MLVSS-hr 30~81 mg-o 2 /g MLVSS-hr 流泥度數 (silt density indexsdi) 6.4 流良行 102 行利 (scanning electron microscopesem)x 量 (energy dispersive X-ray spectrometereds) 塞類金金類金 SEMEDS 金金累兩不力流量行流 SAMBR 理利 II

7 參 (SAMBR) 塞率 (SOUR) 泥度數 (SDI)(SEM) X 量 (EDS) III

8 Abstract In this study, a pilot scale of submerged aerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) system was installed for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the treatment efficiency of pharmaceutical wastewater by SAMBR and the fouling phenomena of membrane was observed. In this study, no sludge was withdrawn for 76 days during the initial period of operation. After day 77, sludge retention time (SRT) was set at 331 days and the average hydraulic retention time (HRT) is 51 hours. The results showed that a steady state of bio-system was obtained on day 25 after the sludge feeding. In the initial 76 days, the MLSS level of biological and membrane tanks was in the range of 5.7~9.1 g/l and 6.2~10.0 g/l, respectively. The MLVSS levels in the range of 5.2~8.1 g/l and 5.4~8.6 g/l were obtained for both of tanks. The MLVSS/MLSS ratios were also calculated both in the biological and membrane tanks. In the case of biological reactor, the MLVSS/MLSS ratio which in the range of 0.84~0.95 was obtained and 0.81~0.92 for membrane tank. The system was stable again on day 17 after sludge was withdrawn, at this sludge-withdraw stage, the MLSS level of biological tank was in the range of 5.7~9.1 g/l and 13.3~16.7 g/l for membrane tank. BOD effluent was remarkably stable and with a highest removal efficiency of 99.3%. COD and SS removal was 95.9% and 100.0%, respectively. The results showed that the BOD volumetric loading of biological tank was in the range of 0.068~4.617 kg BOD 5 /m 3 day and 0.007~0.04 kg BOD 5 /m 3 day for membrane tank. The BOD F/M ratio of biological tank was in the range of 0.07~0.36 kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day and ~ kg BOD 5 /kg IV

9 MLVSS-day for membrane tank. COD volumetric loading of biological tank was in the range of 0.099~6.844 kg COD/m 3 day and 0.011~0.408 kg COD/m 3 day for membrane tank. COD F/M ratio of biological tank was in the range of 0.014~0.65 kg COD/ kg MLVSS-day and 0.003~0.079 kg COD/kg MLVSS-day for membrane tank. The results of specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) showed that the SOUR value of biological tank was in the range of 19~75 mg-o 2 /g MLVSS-hr and 30~81 mg-o 2 /g MLVSS-hr for membrane tank. The levels of silt density index (SDI) for all effluents were lower than 6.3 indicated the high quality of discharge. Membrane modules were withdrawn for clogging removal on day 22 and day 96. Chemical cleaning was carried out on day 102 by inside-out type washing. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) demonstrated that the fouling of membrane outer surface was mainly due to microorganisms. The series fouling membrane showed that foulants of cation ions with high diversity species were observed on the outer surface and less cation ions were detected on the inner surface of membrane. However, the opposite results of cation distributions were obtained for the light fouling membrane. The results of SEM and EDS revealed that there were two mechanisms of membrane fouling in this study, cations accumulation by microorganisms on the outer surface or the deposition of cations on the inner surface of membrane, resulted in the different transmembrane pressure and flux for different membrane modules. This SAMBR pilot plant was monitored for 114 days. Water sampling and measurement were carried out for system function evaluation on day 219. The results showed that the application of submerged aerobic membrane bioreactor V

10 for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater is feasible and successful. Keywordssubmerged aerobic membrane bioreactor, pharmaceutical wastewater SOUR, SDI, membrane fouling, SEM, EDS VI

11 兩林不兩年識領更獵參車理歷良不良拓領識 Ping-Yi Yang 臨論不吝論更盧立理 Roger Ben Aim 拉 Herbert E. Allen 梨 Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran 理 Chettiyappan Visvanathan Dr. Chart Chiemchaisri 梨 Dr. Huu-Hao Ngo 臨 SAMBR 參理 MBR VII

12 力理利行識勵切 7 林老龍里勵麟隆女勵良 Visiting of Prof. Ben Aim and Vigneswaran (November, 2005) Visiting of Dr. Huu-Hao Ngo from Austrilia (January, 2006) VIII

13 錄 Abstract 錄錄錄 I IV VII IX XIV XVII 論類 MF 濾 17 IX

14 MBR MBR 類 MBR MBR MBR SMBR 塞 MBR 復量 MBR 理流車 X

15 BET B.E.T. 理論洞 MF 理 SDI SDI 理 SDI SEM EDS SEMEDS 理 SEM EDS 理 SAMBR 101 XI

16 SAMBR 狀來漏泥 120 論漏 XII

17 錄錄 SEM EDS 論 186 論 203 六來 206 參 208 歷 218 XIII

18 錄離流 SMBR 濾力泥度塞略 53 ( 參數參數車數 ( 量 ) 理離 ( 離 ) 料 XIV

19 率參數數量量理理 SVI 參數裡參數 A 1 塞 A 1 塞 B 1 塞 B 1 塞 CODBOD CODBOD XV

20 4-6-3 CODBOD CODBOD SAMBR 219 參數 / MBR 理 202 XVI

21 錄 Plate and Frame Tubular 狀 Spiral Wound 螺 Hollow-Fiber 濾流濾濾粒泥粒粒離流 SMBR 力濾濾螺不量不流量 35 XVII

22 2-6-1 泥塞料率 SAMBR 理 SAMBR 理念 Langmuir BET Micromeritics Instrument Corporation ASAP SDI 濾濾 µm 濾濾濾 SDI 濾濾濾 84 XVIII

23 SDI 流離金立立 SAMBR 流漏流 XIX

24 度量理狀狀漏漏漏漏理理 MLSS MLVSS MLVSS / MLSS 泥量泥量 DO 140 XX

25 量 DO ph Temp ORP 狀類度 TDSConductivity A 力 Flux B 力 Flux COD Cr BOD TKN TKN TDS MLSS SS TS 度 SV XXI

26 SVI MLSS SVI SV SVI MLSS SVI 泥 4 降 SVI ZSV F/M 裡 A 1 塞 (1,500X) A 1 塞 (4,000X) A 1 塞 A 1 塞 (1,500X) A 1 塞 (1,500X) A 1 塞 (10,000X) A 1 塞 (5,000X) A 1 塞 (1,500X) 174 XXII

27 A 1 塞 (4,000X) A 1 塞 B 1 塞 (1,500X) B 1 塞 (4,000X) B 1 塞 B 1 塞 (1,500X) B 1 塞 (1,500X) B 1 塞 (10,000X) B 1 塞 (4,000X) B 1 塞 (1,500X) B 1 塞 (4,000X) B 1 塞 COD (MLSS) COD (MLVSS) BOD 5 (MLSS) BOD 5 (MLVSS) COD BOD XXIII

28 4-6-7 率流泥度數狀 COD (MLSS) COD (MLVSS) BOD (MLSS) BOD (MLVSS) COD BOD SAMBR 理 199 XXIV

29 論 1-1 療度不類來利不 CODCOD 來量利理理 COD 理不泥量理泥理理 BOD 率不泥 (foaming) 泥 (sludge bulking) 理不流 COD (1)(2)(3) 不良流濾 (upflow anaerobic biofilter process, UABP) (4) 力留 (extended aeration method) (2)(3) 料 (the step-feed alternating anoxic/oxic 1

30 sequencing batch reactor, SAOSBR) (5) (selector) 泥降 (1) (membrane bioreactor, MBR) (6) (submerged membrane bioreactor, SMBR) 泥濾理流理 SMBR 理 1. 不濾 2. Biomass 留理泥離度 3. 泥留度留更利 4. FM 泥量 5. 量不 6. 理流理理 MBR 率理度不易 2

31 理來說了 1-2 理離不理理 MBR 數年 MBR 數不利 SAMBR(submerged aerobic membrane bioreactor) 理列 SAMBR 理 3. 塞 4. 流利 5. 理 6. SAMB 行 3

32 離更 Nollent 1748 年了 19 葉 Graham 了 (Dialysis), 離, 理 1864 年 Traube 類歷 - 來 Preffer 糖行立度度 Van't Hoff Preffer 論立了更理論 1911 年 Donnan 了 1930 年 Treorell MeyerSievers 了 1950 年 W.Juda 離了 1960 年離年, 年 Loeb Sourirajan 率量率流量 4

33 了離了了離不來離了列了離 (7) 離年濾 (Microfiltration) 1925 Sartorius () (Electro-dialysis) 1950 Ionics Inc () (Reverse osmosis) 1965 Hexens Industry General Atomics () (Dialysis) 1965 Enka [AKZO] ( 丹 ) 濾 (Ultrafiltration) 1970 Amicon Corp () (Control release) 1975 Alza Corp () 離 (Gas separation) 1980 Permea [DOW] () (Pervaporation) 1990 GFT Gmb H () 5

34 離列 1. 離 200 年了理論理論離 2. 離了良 3. 來切利離離見 (polyvinylidene fluoridepvdf) (cellulose acetateca) (polysulfoneps)(polyamidepa) (polyester PE) (polyacrylonitrile PAN) (PolypropylenePP)(thin-film composite TFC) (8) (CA)acetate anhydride 硫度 250 ph3~8 6

35 易易降滑 (smooth) 易 (PP) (methylch 3 ) 類度 (165 ) 拉濾洞狀拉良度車 -CH 2 -CF 2 - PVDF 度 750 度 1300 (PVDF)PS 更度力來 MFUF 來來離來離 7

37 2-1-3 類離歷濾參見螺更不利降行行料流降度 1~5 m/s, 不易異塞了流流兩 a. 螺 b. 兩螺更便度度力度不便了流狀降度兩流 9

38 Plate and Frame 1961 年狀兩 () 數量聯類列見連 0.6~2.5 cm 料 10

39 ( 0.16 cm) 料不流狀流易更便理易流狀度不 Tubular 狀螺 () 料兩狀料 () 11

40 連料 (), () 力裡螺螺力參數度流率力度螺 (830~1660 m 2 /m 3 ) 料不易度 Spiral Wound 螺 12

41 不料 50~200 µm 25~42 µm 不易度量 ( 更 ) U 狀料流流狀理流了率率理龍不料 5 年率量離不理 13

42 Hollow-Fiber 列螺不度來論老 14

43 類螺狀不良度牢度便流狀易塞不易度易更流量狀力力裡度易塞流度量度度廉度不料度略廉易塞不易不易塞不易量量 15

44 2-1-4 MF 離量 (9) 1. 度力力 2. (adsorption) 濾 (10) 3. 理量度 4. 理 MF 料 (cellulose acetate) (polyethylene) (polyvinylidene fluoride)(ceramic) 料數廉 MF 了類 (11) 1. (symmetric) 濾 2. (asymmetric) 16

45 不濾 () 濾流 3. (composite) 兩 A B C 濾濾 MBR 濾濾 (dead-end filtration) 流濾 (crossflow filtration) 兩類濾類濾濾流留濾濾度濾量流量濾度濾 17

46 流濾流行流率力不利濾濾累濾度流濾率量行類理流量流濾行離參 Dead-end filtration ( 濾 ) Cross-Flow filtration ( 流濾 ) 濾度流流濾度濾流濾 18

濾粒 2-1-5-2 濾離 2-1-5-3 泥泥粒 0.5 µm 15 µm 兩 0.1 µm 粒 0.3% 0.

47 濾粒濾離泥泥粒 0.5 µm 15 µm 兩 0.1 µm 粒 0.3% 0.1 µm 率 99.7% (12) 良流 0.1µm 泥度泥 0.1 µm 泥粒流粒率類更裡 MFUF 濾粒 19

48 泥粒 20

49 2-2 濾 (MF, micro filtration) 0.05~3.0µm() 粒濾離參見料料離參便 ( 糖 ) 利力 20~100 psi (pound per square inc/) 濾 (UF, Ultra Filtration) 0.005~0.1µm 粒量 10,000~100,000 離料糖酪離糖料濾理力 30~150 psi 濾 (NF, Nano Filtration) 濾 0.05~0.001µm 力 150~300 psi 異糖離糖離 21

50 RO 理 ( 濾 Reverse Osmosis, RO) 類離濾不濾 (RO, Reverse Osmosis )RO 離濾量類省力 200~800 psi 理 1200 psi 0.005~0.0005µm 糖卵離 (RO ) 理 (ED, Electric Dialysis) 離離糖 22

51 2-2-1 粒料來 Osmonics ( 23

52 Water Monovalent Ions Multivalent Ions Viruses Bacteria Suspended Solids microfiltration Water Monovalent Ions Multivalent Ions Viruses Bacteria Suspended Solids ultrafiltration Water Monovalent Ions Multivalent Ions Viruses Bacteria Suspended Solids nanofiltration Water Monovalent Ions Multivalent Ions Viruses Bacteria Suspended Solids reverse osmosis 離料來 Kochmembrane ( 24

53 2-3 MBR MBR 1969 年 (13) 利濾 (ultrafiltration membrane) 來離省泥沈 1970 年濾 Yamamoto 泥利 0.1 mm 泥理濾理流 COD TOC 率 95% 97%60% 度行 MBR 理 (14)(15) 理 (16)(17) 理 (18) 理 (19) 理 (20) 濾來理見利良離力泥理離沈 (21) 利來濾量 (22) 利來泥理 (23) 參見

54 參見 (a) 離濾 (b) 濾 (c) (SLMSB) (BAMB) (EMB) (24) 26

55 2-3-1 MBR 領 1. 泥量 SLMSB 2. 理 3. COD 率來理 BAMB 率 priority 理理 EMB 1. 行理 2. ( 料 ) 度 27

56 2-4 MBR 類 ( 泥 ) 行力力濾理泥留量泥泥行 Yamamoto (25)(26)(27) 離泥行流 (side-stream)(recirculated)mbr 力度 ()() ( 理 )(submerged)(integrated)mbr 參力兩流力 (transmembrane pressure) 量量兩塞利力度塞利 (SAMBR) 理 28

(a) Side-stream MBR (b) Submerged MBR 2-4-1 流 (MBR) (submerged or

57 (a) Side-stream MBR (b) Submerged MBR 流 (MBR) (submerged or integrated ) 流 (side-stream or recirculated) 1. 省不不流省 2. 理不流量行理 3. 省力流不 29

58 省參連行濾塞老行更不理流流 1970 年 1990 年狀流量量 30

59 若離濾濾力兩 1. 利離濾力流力力濾 2. 利濾力力利力濾力濾力濾行連濾濾行濾力濾濾 SMBR 濾力濾力濾濾力力濾力 3~15 kpa 4-5 kpa 濾濾連濾流流量 31

60 2-4-2 SMBR 力濾濾 32

61 2-5 MBR 理 (plate) 螺 (tubular)(hollow fiber)2-5-1 論 (energy consumption)2-5-2 濾流量 (flux rate)2-5-3 螺狀 1.0 kwh/m kwh/m 3 螺 kwh/m 3 塞狀沈便不易塞狀理更便利利狀 (28) 濾力行離易泥塞狀了不塞 33

62 2-5-1 螺 (28) 不量 (28) 34

63 2-5-3 不流量 (28) 35

64 2-6 MBR 來不易利行流利路車不利更理理理理 (MBR) 列 1. 理度 MBR 理度 SRTMBR 泥度不流流 (29) 泥不 2. 省 MBR 利離泥行泥流離濾理理參見泥 30~50% 省 36

65 2-6-1 泥 3. 泥量 MBR (F/M) 泥留 (SRT) 泥泥泥率率泥量便不 30~80% 泥量省泥理泥泥度泥 4. MBR 度泥度留留 5. MLSS 度 MBR留 37

66 泥留泥 (29) 參見泥留泥度 (10~20 g/ L) 理更率 6. MBR 濾理率 97% 理 7. 理易離泥不泥降泥流易 (PLC) 不省力 8. 量不泥 9. 理 Biomass 留理泥離度流理理理 10. () 易更 ( 泥率 ) 易 38

67 2-6-1 泥度 (29) 10000~15000 Magara et al.(1991) Knoblock et al.(1994) 10000~32000 Lacoste et al.(1993) 25000~60000 Pillay et al.(1994) 9000~21000 Ross et al.(1994) MLSS (mg/l) ~ ~ ~ ~ Roullet(1989) 5000~15000 Yamamoto et al.(1989) Ishida et al.(1993) 13000~15000 Ohkuma et al.(1994) 100~20000 Kayawake et al.(1991) Buisson et al.(1998) Trouve et al.(1994) 4000~27000 Arika et al.(1977) 39

68 2-7 MBR MBR 理臨塞 () 量 (flux) 參數量濾理量流量力 (driving force) 濾力 (total resistance) 量濾行濾留行濾塞理率量數 MBR 量降塞 (foulants) (fouling)(backwash) 塞復流量 (physiochemical)(biological) 參見度 (concentration polarization) 度累度 (concentration boundary layer) 裡 40

69 2-7-1 MBR(reversible fouling) 不 (no reversible fouling) 兩力復流量力不復流量塞理 (30) 流量力 (transmembrane pressure, TMP) 參數 TMP 41

70 度 TMP 流降 (31) 理 TMP 降率 MBR 率度類參料裡濾量 biomass (32) MBR (extra-cellular polymeric substances, EPS) MBR 離 (MgNH 4 PO 4 6H 2 O) (33) 累 diploemultiple 濾 42

71 2. 狀力 (transmembrane pressure, TMP) 量 (imposed flux) 流度 (cross-flow velocity, CFV) 力留 (HRT) 泥留 (SRT) SMBR 濾 SMBR SMBR 粒 (34) SMBR 了流力留力留 ( 流量 )(compact layer)hrt 量力 MLSS 度 MLSS 度流率 Nagaoka (35) 率泥留 MLSS 泥率降泥留降 EPS 量粒 (36) HRTSRT 不 43

72 流度 (CFV) 度 (aeration)mbrcfv 粒濾度 CFV 力 shear-induced diffusion 量 (TMP)CFV (37), 量 CFV,TMP, 流量 CFV 度 MLSS 3. 類度泥度 (MLSS) (EPS) 流粒流力 steady state 濾流度度 EPS() 泌來 EPS 兩類 (38) (a)extractable EPS EPS (b)soluble EPS 裡 (slime polymer)brown 年 EPS 44

73 泥 -10~-20 mv 金離金 EPS 不 MBR EPS 了度 MBR 濾 TMPSMBR 量降 EPS (39) 塞 EPS 不 MBR 塞復流量 Geesay 1992 年 EPS 易不易降率 (39) MBREPS 塞 EPS 量 (37) 度量流力 EPS MBR 參數量 45

75 2-8 SMBR 塞 SMBR 理裡泥度 (EPS) 量 (40) 率利流流流切力粒狀參見不濾流量濾力更利了塞利塞理理復流量降力理 1. 力降利流離 2. 利流力 3. 利流利 4. 利狀 47

76 Scouring membrane surface Adequate thickness of gel layer Low frequency of Chemical cleaning Bubble Flock of activated sludge Permeate Membrane 理狀流流流力 1.0 m/sec 亂流流不流沈狀流流流流 1. 濾流行 48

77 流 2. 量 100 Nm 3 /m 2 -hr 若類量 100 mg/l 裡行塞了利利濾來來率塞理泥粒狀力降利流流塞離塞 (12) 利理論力泥粒狀濾不理更率 49

78 2-8-2 塞 (12) 行泥粒狀濾狀累度濾度累更 (41) 50

79 2-9 MBR 復量理理量離離利不塞若 ( ) 復量降力理 1. 流流流切度復流量降力 2. 利 cavitation 利裂塞利理 ( 流 ) 不度 51

80 不異濾塞力塞濾來見兩類例塞硫硫 EDTA 塞率例 (Dow Chemical Co.) 量不塞略參

81 2-9-1 塞略 NaOH (0.025M) NaOH (0.025M) HCl Na 2 S 2 O 3 H 3 PO 4-3 ( M) (0.057M) (0.051M) 塞硫 -4 ( M) EDTA (0.026M) (0.211M) 類金 53

82 2-10 MBR 理 MBR 年來不年理 100,000 CMD 2008 年 1000,000 CMDMBR MBR(1) 5 年降更率 (2) 量降 (3) MBR 理理理 (42) (SBR) (43) / -SBR (5) 料 -SBR (44) -- (45) 流流 (UABP) (4) 泥 (PACT) (46) Fenton (47) 理 (48) (SBMBR) (49)(50) 料度不行不不參料易流 54

83 料料濾離料度 COD Cr BOD 5 降度林林了理降了理理理度料類不若若量 a. 糖 b. c. 離度度 Cl - SO 2-4 d. 更更 MBR 泥留不泥泥泥留 3~6 靈泥量泥 MBR 年不泥 MBR 75% (51)(52) Luxmy (53) MBR 理 55

84 泥理泥異料 (5) 陸龍 (54) 利理離 PVDF 留量 14 (MF) 參數參理 56

85 (54) 參數數 (COD Cr ) / (mg/l) 2500 ~ 4000 (SS) / (mg/l) 400 ~ 1000 (NH 3 -N) / (mg/l) 3.5 ~ 7.4 ph 6 ~ 8 / 9 ~ 15 (54) 參數參數 / 15 ~.20 ph 6.0 ~ 7.6 MLSS 度 / (mg/l) 泥 / day 500 力留 / day 1.5 量 (m 3 /hr)

86 1. 濾留量 COD 率 86% Cr 2. 塞行 3. 便復量力流量兩參數 RIS 力兩力行 MBR 理 ZENONZenoGemq 流流螺 50 CMD 年理 COD 率 95~99%SS 率 97~99% (55) 泥量泥量理 1 m (COD 5,000~12,000 mg/l) 3 5~7 kg 泥 ( 率 85%) 年行 (Pilot Plant) 理量更 125 CMD 良理理數理 58

理理 ( 行 ph 4 10 量來度理 ) 更行率 2-10-2 率 COD 度 2-10-3 車數 ( 量 ) (55) 理量 (m 3 /day) 130.

87 理理 ( 行 ph 4 10 量來度理 ) 更行率率 COD 度車數 ( 量 ) (55) 理量 (m 3 /day) 流 COD (mg/l) 3,124 理 COD (mg/l) 308 流 TSS (mg/l) 215 理 TSS (mg/l) N/A 率 (55) 59

88 理理 MercAbbotPfizePepsi- ColCiba Vision 理 MBR 參 SRT EPS MBRZenon (56) KubotaMistsubishi RayonWehrle werk AgOrelis Mutsui Chemicals 年兩留 (FP5) POSEIDON 聯理理六留流留留利 ozone gas 來降 MBR 理 O 3 O 3 UVRO 理 60

89 3-1 流 SAMBR 理理理利連流流理度 ph 行參數塞流利行流

90 SAMBR 泥參數車 SAMBR 76 不泥泥 SRT= 331 HRT= 51 流參數理塞量 Temp ph DO ORP COD BOD 5 MLSS MLVSS SVI SOUR SS TDS SDI Conductivity Flux Pressure Viscosity SEM EDS 論論 SAMBR 理 62

91 利理理理塞利行數料論 SAMBR 理念 63

92 車 / 量 () 六 / 量 () NaCl 99() 25 Kg / 量 () 硫硫聯 / 量 () 45 聯 ph 量 () ph ml SUNTEX 64

93 500 ml SUNTEX DO / 量 ( ) DO 50 ml WTW DO 50 ml WTW ORP / 量 () ORP UAg/AgC5mv 468mV(pH0.1)@ ml Mettler-Toledo 度 / 量 () HI 7031=1413µs/ /77 HI 25 / ml HANNA 量 / 量 () g (1L) 硫 167 ml Merck GR 硫 33.3 g 65

94 硫 (10 g /L) Merck GR 羅林 Merck 硫 (1L) 硫 39.2 g Merck GR 1 mg 10 mg Merck GR COD (1L) (KHP) Merck GR g 量 / 量 () 8.5 g g (1 L) Merck GR 33.4 g 1.7 g 硫 (1L) 硫 22.5 g Merck GR.(1L) 27.5 g Merck GR (1L) 0.25 g Merck GR Merck GR 66

95 (TKN) / 量 () NH + 4 (1000 ppm) 500 ml Merck GR 500 g Merck GR 硫硫 (L) 硫硫 25 g Merck GR (L) 88 ml (0.1M) 500 ml (0.025M) Merck GR (L) 20 g Merck GR Merck 硫 (5g)+(5mg) Foss 率 (OUR) / 量 () 糖 0.4 g 0.1 g 0.02 g (1L) 硫 0.01 g Merck GR 硫 0.1 g 硫 0.1 g 0.05 g 67

96 :IK0~ 2 kgcm 2 /30 psi1/4 PT 2. :IK0~ 76 cm Hg/30 in Hg1/4 PT 3. DO METERWTWMulti ph /Oxi 340iRS ORP METERWTWMV ORP 340iRS ph METERWTWMulti ph /Oxi 340iRS ph ControllerHOTECpH Conductivity METERMETTLER TOLEDOMC 度 TOKI SANGYOVISCOMETER TVC-5 9. ELECTRODS HOLDERPS-5S 10. 流量 FJZFJZ AA0~5 NM 3 /MINAIR 1atm 累 KCHKC m 3 C 累 TATUNGD-68T300rev/kWh() CODDENG YNG 度 0 ~ BOD YIH DER LE-519BOD INCUBATOR 3. ZOOMKOP 數 40X~1600X 68

97 4. 數 NIKON WALU CONTINUOUS-E 0.01mL 6. 爐 DENG YNGDF40 度 50~ (a)chih CHERG 度 0~5 8. (b)bao DING GUGY RW522e 度 0~20 9. CHIH CHERG RS-CF250 度 0 ~ METTLER TOLEDOAG204Max210g 0.1mg 11. BARNSTEAD LNTERNATIONALULTRAPURE WATER SYSTEM 12. 離 (ION CHROMATOGRAPHIC) : DIONEXDX : CORNING PC : DENG YNG DOS60 度 50~ VON-air 力 1H 16. 復 WISDOM SB 數 Panasonic DMC-FZ1 69

98 ~105 NIEA W210.57A 103~105 NIEA W210.57A 量量 NIEA W510.54B 量流 NIEA W B 量 ph 度度度泥度數 (SDI) Standard Method 209C 度度度泥度料 ASTM D 泥數 (SVI) 參參 57 率參參 58 參

99 3-5 BET B.E.T. 理論 Langmuir 理論理狀 1938 年 S. BrunauerP.H. Emmett E. Teller 了 Langmuir 理論 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) (1) 數 (2) Langmuir (3) B.E.T q e = ( c c ) s e K B q 1 + m c e ( k 1) B c s... ( ) c e q e = 度量 (mg/g) q m = 量 (mg/g) C e = 流度 (mg/l) C s = 流度 (mg/l) K B = 數率 K B q m 71

100 利 (S BET ) S BET VmNoσ =.. ( ) V N o 數 σv BET Langmuir 72

101 BET 洞類 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) 洞 (59) 若洞若度類洞 73

102 理 (59) Property Micropores Mesopores Macropores Diameter(nm) < >50 Pore volume (cm /g) Surface area (m /g) Particle density g/ cm 3 Porosity 洞列 (60) 1. Kelvin BETP/P sat 量洞 () 力洞 Kelvin P c ln P sat 2δV cosθ =... ( ) r RT k P c = P sat = δ= 力 V = θ = 74

103 θ = 0 O r k = Kelvin T = 度 T 77 K 洞度 t p r k = r t c p r = 洞理 c 理 δV r c = + t P RT ln c P ast p Past 1 = 9.52 log + t P p ( ) c 2.BJH 來洞洞 BarrettJoyner Halenda Kelvin BJH 度 t 來 Kelvin 度 t = 3.54 ln( P / P ast ). ( ) Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) 度狀力數

104 3-5-3 MF 理 MF 理洞洞度洞度利來 Micromeritics Instrument Corporation ASAP Gas Boiling Area per temp.(k) molecule(å 2 ) 數料料來量料 () CO 料不易洞來料 76

3-5-3-1 Micromeritics Instrument Corporation ASAP 2020 理說 (61) 1.

105 Micromeritics Instrument Corporation ASAP 2020 理說 (61) 1.(Specific Surface Area) (BET ) Langmuir 理論 BET 理論理率率率量理論.NE 1 數 E L P P ast 1 ( C 1) P Past = + V 1 ( P P ) ast VmC C Vm...( ) 77

106 P = 力 (torr) P sat = 度力 (torr) V = 力 P (cm 3 /g) V m = (cm 3 /g) C = 數 ( 度 ) P P V ( P P) ast P ast 率 S i C 1 S =.....( ) V C m 1 i = ( ) V C m 率 V m C 力 P P ast 0.05~0.35 力力 0.05 量不 V m 數 S B Vm N o S = B ( ) V stp S B (m 2 /g) N 0 數 mloecules/mol V stp STP (22400 cm 3 /mol) A N cm 2 78

107 3-6 SDI SDI 理泥度數 (Silt Density IndexSDI) 流行濾粒數量塞率若理流 RO 流 RO 流 SDI 5 若 RO 流不 SDI RO 塞行理 SDI RO 流理 (1). SDI<1.0 不理 (2). SDI<3.0 (3). 3.0<SDI<5.0 度理 (4). SDI>5.0 理若理流 NF 流 SDI 0 ~ 4 理流 SDI 若 0 ~ 2 利 RO SDI 料 ASTM D 利流 30 psi 力 47mm 0.45µm 濾流量來塞率濾 0.45µm 塞度粒 SDI塞率 79

108 度 SDI 力濾濾 SDI 80

109 3-6-2 SDI a. 力濾 0.45 µm 濾濾見 b. 流濾濾若濾 SDI c. 力力 85~90psi 濾力 30psi d. 100mL 量量流若流率 500mL 量量 e. 錄 100mL 量流錄 t 0 f min 量錄 t 5 t 10 t 15 g. 若 15min 塞流流 (slow drip) 錄 h 錄數 SDI 値流見 SDI t0 1- t15 SDI = ( ) 15 81

110 t 0 濾 100mL t 濾 100mL 量粒 0.45µm~1µm 粒濾塞濾流量 t 來 SDI 了 5 惡度數泥度數 (Modified Silt Density IndexMSDI) (62) 若 SDI 流量流 ( 5 流量 15 ) 濾 100% 塞錄 t E MSDI = 100 ( ) t E t E 流率流 ( 15 / 5 sec ) 82

111 濾濾 µm 濾濾 83

112 濾 SDI 濾濾濾 84

113 力濾濾濾力力 85~90 psi 濾力 30 psi 量 100 ml 錄 t 0 5 量錄流 100 ml 15 流 100 mlt 15 SDI SDI 流 85

3-7 3-7-1 Model 離 ( 離 ) DIONEX-120 Carrier Gas N 2 99.

Condnctivity Guard Columm Analysis Columm Suppressor 20mM Methanesulfonic Acid

114 Model 離 ( 離 ) DIONEX-120 Carrier Gas N % Carrier Solution Operate Pressure Carrier Solution Flow Rate Electrical Condnctivity Guard Columm Analysis Columm Suppressor 20mM Methanesulfonic Acid 1200 ~ 1500 psi 1 ml/min 7500 µs CG12A(4 50 mm) CS12A(4 250 mm) ASRS-ULTRA 4-mm Inject Volume 10 µl 離

3-8 SEMEDS 3-8-1 SEM EDS 理 (Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)SEM 率

115 3-8 SEMEDS SEM EDS 理 (Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)SEM 率 100 不 100Å(1Å =10-8 cm=0.1 奈 ) 度 SEM 識 (Electron Gun)

116 來不度金來 (Condenser Lens) 參見 (Condenser Aperture) (Beam Size) 88

117 (Objective Lens) (Secondary Electron) (Backscattered Electron) 理 (TFTLCD) SEM 異離離 (W) 六 (LaB6) 兩利量料數 (work function) 離冷 (cold field emission, CF) (thermal field emission,tf) (Schottky emission,se) 理 Schottky 度度 "" 離來流度亮度離數 ( UF NF)數 SEM SE-SEM FE-SEM 不金不狀度行 SEM 度 89

118 度不留率不易易離不行料不沈降了 X 量 (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer,EDS) 利 X-ray 來 X-ray 量 ( ) (Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometer,WDS) 利來 X-ray ( 量 ) X-ray 度 X 度 EDS 100~200eV 度 WDS 5~10eV 度 EDS 度 WDS 易 EDS 度 EDS 度 X-ray WDS 度度若 SEM EDS WDS 不 90

119 EDS 行量度參 SEM EDS 行更了塞 SEM EDS 理 1 91

5 4 臨 (Critical Point Dryer) 行臨 5Sputter

120 度 2 4GTA(Glutaraldehyde) 3 4GTA 不度 (25~99 度 ) 不度臨 (Critical Point Dryer) 行臨 5Sputter Coating 切金參見 SEM and EDS 金 (HITACHI, S-3000) 金 92

121 MOTIMO (polyvinylidenfluoride PVDF) Micromeritics Instrument Corporation ASAP µm m /g 洞 cm /g 力 10 ~ 50 kpa 參量量 20 kpa 10~15 L/m 2 -h 4220 度 900 mm 料兩 AB 兩兩 4 便利留狀利參

122 料參數參數 PVDF (µm) 0.1 /(mm/mm) 0.65/1.0 (µm) 183 (m 2 ) 度 (mm) 900 (m 2 /g) 力 (mpa) 0.01~0.05 洞 (cm 3 /g) 度 ( ) 5~45 拉度 (gf/fil) 1733 ph 2~ 立立 94

123

124 4 ( ) m 2 濾行列車力量參數 ~42 4 AB 兩 10 2 A B 2 量 ~52 2 AB 兩 20 2 量 AB 兩

125 量 5 行 ~92 53~80 異量 2 行 ~96 AB 兩 6 3 量 2 行 ~114 AB 兩立量行

126 力 50 Kpa 復量行 MOTIMO (PVDF) 拉度降度降 98

127 理 1. 流塞率 2. 组行流流力 1.0 m/s 塞率 3. 塞 Kg/cm 若不泥泥落 ( 弄 ) 6. - 若理塞力不路 0.5 Kg/cm 2 30 力降量復復 99

128 1. 力 50 Kpa 復量度 0.05 M 路 0.5 Kg/cm 2 30 降力復量 2. 若復量塞行行行泥 0.5%NaOCl 1 殺 5%--10% NaOH 2 行量復 ( 弄 ) 100

129 3-10 SAMBR SAMBR 理流 (PP) 理行流濾參數參數理流 (m) (m) 理論 (m 3 ) (m) (m 3 ) ± ± ±

3-10-2 SAMBR SAMBR 3-10-2-1 3-10-2-2 累流量行流量濾流量流量行濾理 (programmable

130 SAMBR SAMBR 累流量行流量濾流量流量行濾理 (programmable logic controllerplc) 50 見泥 180 見率參

131 T1 T2 離 T3 T4 理 T5 T6 流 T7 泥 T LS1 M1 LS2 LS3 LS4 FQ1 累流量 FQ2 累流量 FQ3 累流量 MC1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 ph1 ph ph2 ph EV1 EV2 EV3 EV4 EV5 PS1 力 PS2 力 MG1 魯來路流流利離理泥泥路流流流流流例累流量流流流量 2 3 Π ( m 0.75 m m 2 離 Π (0.171 m 2.0 m m 2 3 Π (1.29 m 2.95 m m 2 3 理 Π (1.125 m 2.55 m m 2 3 Π (1.125 m 2.55 m m 2 流 Π (0.52 m 1.12 m m 3 3 泥 0.98 m 0.55 m 0.64 m m SAMBR 流 103

132 ~10 11~20 21~30 31~40 41~50 臨離路路泥濾路路 PLC 104

133 ~15 16~30 31~45 46~60 61~75 76~90 91~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~180 (day) 1 漏漏泥泥 SEM EDS - 13 理岀數料

134 率 Temp ph DO ORP 度度 SV 30 SS TDS MLSS MLVSS COD BOD OUR 率 Phase 車 1 /30 流 1 /30 流 Phase Phase 1 /2 1 /2 泥 1 /2 流 1 /2 1 /3 1/3 泥 1/3 流 1 /3 106

135 狀狀泥參數 1. 路連狀行切連 24 不 2. 若行更聯立更零 3. 若立聯 12 理立切立留 4. 若不離離行理 5. 若度 (>20%) 離離路流兩 20 度若理度理若不理 107

136 3-11 來 () 來利不流來利離 20~40 異 (Acetam) 類類金參類度 (>20) 易離理理不量理量 12.5 CMD 量 9.2 CMD 參數 108

137 參數數 (2005/12~2006/3) 參數數 Temperature () 18.5 ~ 25.1 ph 6.6 ~ 9.4 TSS (mg/l) 360 ~ 3000 COD Cr (mg/l) 200 ~ 6120 BOD 5 (mg/l) 100 ~ 3850 COD / BOD 0.39 ~ 0.88 Conductivity (µs/cm) 520 ~ , 泥 1 ( ) SDI 流 20 ( 1 ) 立 4 行冷行行 109

138 漏漏 1-1. 狀 1-2. 狀路降漏 1-4. 漏路 2-2. 路流 2-3. 力 50 kpa 漏 2-5. 漏 2-1 漏 1-1. 路 1-2. 路流 1-3. 力 50 kpa 行漏 110

139 1-6. 漏 1-1 漏漏漏 48 路連流量降漏漏漏行漏流 111

140 流理不歩理 g 800 ml 2 L 2 L ml0.02 ml0.05 ml 0.10 ml0.20 ml 5 歩 L 0.05 ml 量 ml 1 L 理量 375 ml 380 ml 量 250 ml 250 ml 880 ml 量 112

141 量度 (ml/l) (m 3 ) (m 3 ) (ml) (ml) 量量流裡數狀立

142 量量狀錄

143

144 力留理流度 0 g/l0.05 g/l0.1 g/l0.2 g/l g/l g/l g/l g/l3.002 g/l g/l g/l 度量 y0.0005x y = x R 2 = NaCl Chroma (g/l) Conductivity (us/cm) 度量量理理量

145 理度 2500 µs/cm 9000 理度 2800 µs/cm 9000 量理 g 11 kg 量理 g 12.5 kg 23. kg 量量度 µs/cm 度 mole/l L 量 g 量 kg 理理裡度量裡度度流流裡 117

146 流流立 4 量度度 25 度量錄數讀

147 度量量量度量度流流 4 测度度 25 度量錄數讀

148 泥泥泥度流泥流率省料泥泥 2000 泥 MLSS 52000~53000 mg/l MLVSS 34300~35000 mg/l COD Cr 500 mg/l 流理 MLSS 度 6000 mg/l 泥泥量泥理泥度 MLSS 降 4600~4650 mg/lmlvss 3150~3200 mg/l 泥度 MLSS 降 4850~4900 mg/lmlvss 3000~3050 mg/l 復泥度理泥度 MLSS 4900~4950 mg/lmlvss 3250~3300 mg/l 泥度 MLSS 5200~5250 mg/lmlvss 3450~3500 mg/l : 120

149 1.TemppHDOORPFluxTMPTSSSTDSSOUR SVICOD Cr BOD 5 2.MLSS/MLVSSCOD/BODF/MpH ORP DO 泥 (63) 1. 泥 (F/M) (autolysis)cod Cr 1 kg/m 3 泥 5000~6000 mg/l 2. 泥度 8000 mg/l 理流泥量量 ( 流 8 流 Q ) 3. 理類理 5 mg/l 若 0.1 mg/l 4. ph 6.5~8.0 若 ph 6.5~7.5 利 Nitrosomonamas Nitrobacter ( ph 121

150 6.8~7.3 ) 5. 裡理 BOD5NP BOD5NP 理 BOD5NPFe 泥 (63) a. 10% 理度泥 90% COD Cr 500 mg/l 流 b. 流 ph 6.8~8.0 量 5 mg-o 2 /L 累 SOUR 來泥狀狀 c. 泥狀參數狀流 COD 狀 122

151 論 4-1 漏 48 漏漏參見理狀狀 123

152 4-1-3 漏漏路流流不漏參見漏漏 124

153 量 0.6Nm 3 /min 62 理量 1.0 Nm 3 /min 16 量 1.5 Nm 3 /min 14 量 1.0 Nm 3 /min 16 量 1.5 Nm 3 /min 14 理理 10 立量 10 理理降流 398 流兩流流量 (0.6Nm 3 /min) 量 (1.0Nm 3 /min) 量 (1.5Nm 3 /min) 62 (sec) 理 16 (sec) 14 (sec) 16 (sec) 14 (sec) 125

154 理 (clean water tracer studey) 流累流量錄流流量 (Q) 129 m 3 /day 流流量異量流量行量度度 (C o ) 度量 249 µs/cm 利理量 g 11kg 量量度 (C i ) 2,430 µs/cm 流連流理流流度 (C out ) 錄流度利 Chiang (64) Levenspiel (65) 理留 (HRT) 率 (R)HRT 理論 (RE t ) 列 (t C t) ai ai HRT =.( ) (C t) ai Q (Cai t) R = 100%.( ) W 126

155 HRT -τ RE t = 100%..( ) τ t ai (t i t i 1) / 2 t (t i t i 1) C ai (C i C i 1) / 2 W ( 理量 ) 11 kg τ ( 理論留 ) V / Q hr 理 127

156 度 (Co) µs/cm (Ci) 2,430.0 µs/cm Q Q 流量 (Q)=> Q L/min L/min L/hr129.00m 3 /day Q Q 流 t 度 (hr) (Cout)(µS/cm) Cout-Co tai Cai dti (µs/cm) (hr) (µs/cm) (hr) tai Cai dti Cai dti ,430 2, ,860 1, ,524 1, , SUM 6, , HRT 理論 HRT R () RE t ()

157 流度 µ 流流理理留 1.75 hr 理論留 (RE t ) 5.35 % RE t 理留理論留理流 (short-circuiting) 論理量度泥理理理流流利流 10 cm 流流流量流度率 (R) % 129

158 4-3-2 理流累流量錄流流量 (Q) m 3 /day 流流量量度度 (Co) µs/cm 利理量 g 12.5 kg 量量度 (C i ) 2830 µs/cm 流連流理流流度 (C out ) 錄流度利理留 (HRT) 率 (R)(RE t ) 理留 2.57 hr 率 %RE t 1.24% 理 RE t 異理理留理論留理流論理量度理理理流率 (R) 130

159 93.35% 流利流 10 cm 流流流量流度理度 (Co) µs/cm (Ci) 2,830.0 µs/cm Q Q 流量 (Q)=> Q L/min L/min L/hr84.79m 3 /day Q Q t 流度 (hr) (Cout)(µS/cm) (µs/cm) Cout-Co tai Cai dti (hr) (µs/cm) (hr) tai Cai dti Cai dti ,830 2, ,330 2, , ,940 1, ,665 1, ,400 1, , , , , , , , ,

160 SUM 16, , HRT 理論 HRT R () REt 1.24 流度 µ 流流理

161 不泥 HRT51 泥 SRT 331 HRT 不量 0.6~0.8 Nm 3 /min 理量 0.9~1.75 Nm 3 /min 量 0.85~1.42 Nm 3 /min 量狀 ( ) 泥流理流 8 Q 流理 MLSS 度參泥理 MLSS 5.7~9.1 g/l MLSS 6.2~10.0 g/l 理 MLVSS 5.2~8.1 g/lmlvss 5.4~8.6 g/l MLVSS/MLSS 參理 0.84~ ~ 流理流 12 兩泥度復泥理 MLSS MLVSS 値 93 MLSS 理 MLSS 12.3~15.2 g/l MLSS 13.3~16.7 g/l MLVSS/MLSS 理 0.88~

162 0.87~0.91 泥泥更泥流理流 8 Q 流量 MLVSS/MLSS 更參 MLSS (mg/l) Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank Time (day) MLSS 134

163 Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank MLVSS (mg/l) Time (day) MLVSS 1.1 Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank 1.0 MLVSS / MLSS (mg/l) Time (day) MLVSS / MLSS 135

164 泥 76 泥泥留 (SRT)331 理兩泥理泥 M3 ( 理 ) 泥泥 M4 泥流 ( 理流 ) 泥參流理泥便 30 行 7 泥泥泥理 MLSS 度兩泥量泥量理 SRT = SRT = V X V X......( ) b m b m Qb Qm b V X V X......( ) m V = Qb Vb X b X bsrt ( ) V Qm = V X X SRT. ( ) m m m Qbm ( V SRT + V SRT ) 7) = [( V X ) X ] + X [( V X ) X ]...( ) V = ) + Qb Qm b b b b m m m 136

165 : SRT 泥留 (day) V 理 (m 3 ) b X 理 MLSS 度 (g/l) b V (m 3 ) m X MLSS 度 (g/l) m VQb 理泥 (m 3 ) VQm 泥 (m 3 ) VQbm 泥 (m 3 ) 泥量泥 14 泥量理 8.17 kg MLSS 9.11 kg MLSS 泥量 kg MLSS 90 M3 ( 理 ) 漏漏泥 2.31 kg MLSS 90 泥泥 30 行 7 泥行泥 ( 7 ) 泥量理 1.23 kg MLSS ~ 1.45 kg MLSS 泥量 1.33 kg MLSS ~ 1.53 kg MLSS 泥量 2.56 kg MLSS ~ 2.97 kg MLSS 137

166 10 9 Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank Biomass production (kg-mlss) Time (day) 泥量 Biomass production (kg-mlss) Time (day) 泥量 138

167 4-4-2 錄參數理 3~9 mg-o 2 /L 4~10 mg-o 2 /L 流 69 値 3~8 mg-o 2 /L 量 5 mg-o 2 /LMectcalf (66) 若 5.0 mg-o 2 /L 累量量理 5.0 mg-o 2 /L 便量量露流度量降 4.18 mg-o 2 /L 4.20 mg-o 2 /L 値 2.0 mg-o 2 /LSchoberl (67) 1.0 mg-o 2 /L 率 2.0 mg-o 2 /L 100 量量不不理降 1.36 mg-o 2 /L 1.65 mg-o 2 /L 139

168 裡復狀 Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank Effluent DO (mg/l) Time (day) DO 140

169 1.5 Aeration measure DO Air (Nm 3 /min) DO (mg/l) Time (day) 量 DO ph 行度降 phph 6.35~9.38 理 5.78~ ~7.97 流 6.1~8.0 ph 降烈累理 ph 流 ph ph 理 ph 行 Hall (68) ph ph 6.3 理 ph 利 141

170 Antoniou (69) 泥 20pH 6.9 率 ph % 15pH 6.8 率 ph %pH Randall (70) 若 10 PP 70 度度見度 18.4~25.1 理度 14.6~30.2 度 14.0~28.8 流度 15.2~ 流來降理度降度數理參 142

171 Equalization tank Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank Effluent ph Time (day) ph Equalization tank Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank Effluent Temp ( 0 C) Time (day) Temp 143

172 (ORP) 參數參理 ORP 71~201mvORP 61~197mv W.Wesley Eckenfelder (71) ORP ORP 良狀參度 (Conductivity) 參數流度 518 µs/cm ~2840 µs/cm 理度 567 µs/cm ~2030 µs/cm 度 579 µs/cm ~2060 µs/cm 流度 369 µs/cm ~1813 µs/cm(tds) 度値參流 TDS 度値 0.46 ~1.67 理値 0.48~1.22 値 0.57 ~1.49 流値 0.38 ~1.07 參數流度流度度降利流利 TDS 度 1.0 流離 RO 塞理利 144

173 Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank ORP (mv) Time (day) ORP (71) 狀類 1_2_3_4_ 5_6_ 硫 7_8_ 145

174 Conductivity (us/cm) Equalization tank Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank Effluent Time (day) 度 Equalization tank Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank Effluent TDS/Conductivity Time (day) TDSConductivity 146

175 流量力行 1 2 力降量復 1 更數力 53 2 更 4 量 24 力見 2 力降 1 流量力 16~64 L/m 2 -hr 9~55 kpa 102 行 AB 力降 9~10 kpa 7~9 kpa 量 36~59 L/m 2 -hr 45~59 L/m 2 -hr 便了 147

176 200 Flux Pressure Flux (L/m 2 -hr) Transmembrane pressure (Kpa) Time (day) A 力 Flux 200 Flux Pressure Flux (L/m 2 -hr) Transmembrane pressure (Kpa) Time (day) B 力 Flux 148

177 4-4-3 錄 COD 理流 COD Cr 度 200~6100 mg/l 流 COD Cr 度 2300 mg/ 理度 50~420 mg/l 度 50~410 mg/l 流度 15~110 mg/l 流 COD Cr 度 47 mg/ 率 99.5% 率 80.9% 率 95.9%BOD 流 BOD 5 度 100~3850 mg/l 流 BOD 5 度 1830 mg/ 理度 14~176 mg/l 度 10~50 mg/l 流度 1.2~4.2 mg/l 流 BOD 5 度 2.3 mg/ 率 99.3% 流 BOD/COD 0.39~ 流不度 COD Cr BOD 5 兩流度 mg/l 6370 mg/l 理度 3120 mg/l 1840 mg/l 度 2610 mg/l 1460 mg/l 流度 2010 mg/l 335 mg/l 度理量 CDO Cr BOD 5 率 81.1% 94.7% 流 COD Cr 參數不 CODBOD

178 10800 Equalization tank Biological treatment tank Removal Aerobic Membrane tank Effluent COD (mg/l) Removal (%) Time (day) COD Cr 8000 Equalization tank Aerobic Membrane tank Removal Biological treatment tank Effluent BOD 5 (mg/l) Removal (%) Time (day) BOD 5 150

179 TKN 理 SAMBR 62 TKN 數 TKN 流度 18.6 mg/l ~ mg/l 降流度 1.2 mg/l ~ 71.8mg/L TKN 率 83%±14.1 流 TKN/COD ~ 0.25 流 TKN/COD 0.07± 流 TKN 度 18.6 mg/l ~ mg/l 流 TKN 度 1.4 mg/l ~ 10.7 mg/l TKN 率 88.4% TKN 流度 82.8 mg/l ~ mg/l 流 TKN 度 1.2 mg/l ~ 71.8 mg/l 55 TKN 率 86.1% 58 TKN 率降 21.1% 66 率 76 率 98.6% TKN 率 96.1% TKN kg TKN/m 3 -day ~ kg TKN/m 3 -day TKN 0.28±0.015 kg TKN/m 3 -day 數利 151

180 Equalization tank Effluent Removal TKN (mg/l) Removal (%) Time (day) TKN 0.08 TKN volume loading (kg TKN/m 3 -day) Time (day) TKN 152

181 TDS 流度 300 mg/l ~2840 mg/l 理度 370 mg/l ~1570 mg/l 度 420 mg/l ~1620 mg/l 流度 100 mg/l ~ 1580 mg/l 理流 TDS 流度 SS 流度 13 mg/l ~ 350 mg/l 流 SS 度不 SS 率 100% 79 流理流 12 兩泥度復理 MLSSTS 度 TS 流度 350 mg/l ~ 3000 mg/l 流度 260 mg/l ~1980 mg/l 見流流 TSTDS 流 COD Cr 來理來 TDS 度 11.7 mpas ~ 80.1 mpas 理 86 度 41.1 mpas ~ 61.6 mpas 參泥度度度度降例 2 度降度泥度 153

182 3500 Equalization tank Aerobic Membrane tank Biological treatment tank Effluent TDS (mg/l) Time (day) TDS SS (mg/l) Equalization tank Effluent Removal Biological treatment tank MLSS Aerobic Membrane tank MLSS Removal (%) Time (day) MLSS SS 154

183 Equalization tank Aerobic Membrane tank Biological treatment tank Effluent TS (mg/l) Time (day) TS 120 Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank 100 Viscosity (mpa. s) Time (day) 度 155

184 泥降數參 SVIBOD 度 BOD 25 理 SV 30 60% ~ 100%77% ~ 100% 理 55 SV 30 97% ~ 100% 98% ~ 100% 了 79 流泥度度 101 mpas 理泥度降 SV 30 降 60.5%SVI 理 55 ml/g ~ 160 ml/g 40 ml/g ~ 150 ml/g 泥理 MLSS mg/lsvi 50 ml/g ~ 80 ml/gmlss mg/l SVI 50 ml/g ~ 78 ml/g 泥 SVI 50 ml/g ~ 100 ml/g (72) 泥數了泥參來泥濾泥參 156

185 SV 30 (%) Time (day) SV SVI (ml/g) Time (day) SVI 157

186 18000 MLSS SVI MLSS (mg/l) SVI (ml/g) Time (day) MLSS SVI SV 30 (%) Time (day) SV

187 SVI (ml/g) Time (day) SVI MLSS SVI MLSS (mg/l) SVI (ml/g) Time (day) MLSS SVI 159

188 76 泥行理泥連 4 降參理度 pH 度數 63.5 mpas 理 MLVSS mg/l mg/lcod MLVSS 理 0.61 kg COD/kg MLSS-day 0.04 kg COD/kg MLSS-dayBOD 理 kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day 理降泥沈降度 (zone settling velocityzsv (73) SVI ZSVSVI 數 0.3 kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day ~ 0.6 kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day 泥理泥降良泥狀泥數參理 BOD MLVSS 0.41 kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-daySVI 落泥沈降泥數沈降泥狀沈降度參 BODMLVSS kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day SVI 落泥沈降 160

189 泥數泥狀沈降度泥泥度 500 mg/l ~ 1000 mg/l 沈降 SV 30 泥度 8000 mg/l mg/l 降 (0.3/day) (73) 不量不易泥粒 BODMLVSS 0.044±0.028 kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day 利不狀量 (complete mixcm) 流泥度流度易泥 (73) 流流 SRT 泥沈降若行泥 CM 度 SRT 泥 (pinpoint floc) 更 161

190 SVI 參數理理 Temp () SV 240 (%) ph Viscosity (mpa. s) MLSS (mg/l) MLVSS (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) TS (mg/l) COD-F/M (MLSS) BOD-F/M (MLSS) COD-F/M (MLVSS) BOD-F/M (MLVSS) COD volume loaging kg COD /m 3 -day kg COD /m 3 -day SV 30 (%) SVI BOD volume loaging kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day 162

191 Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank sludge surface altitude (ml) Time (min) 泥 4 降 ZSV SVI F/M (kg-bod 5 / kg-mlvss-day) SVIZSVF/M (73) 163

192 4-5 SEM EDS () 利來濾 0.1 µm 度 301 nm 度 183 µm 參數量度 (a)(b) 度量 (c) 量 (d) 量 (e) 裡 (f) 裡 (a) 80X (b) 400X 164

(c) 20,000X (e) 4,000X (d) (f) 圖 4-5-1-1

量由圖 4-5-1-2 與表 4-5-1-1 得知薄膜皮層表面碳元素重量約含 43.

193 (c) 20,000X (e) 4,000X (d) (f) 圖 ,000X 4,000X 薄膜構造圖薄膜膜管經 X 射線能量散佈分析儀 (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer, EDS)半定性定量後迅速測得其元素組成份及大約的分布量由圖與表得知薄膜皮層表面碳元素重量約含 43.84% 氟元素重量約含 56.16% 碳與氟原子含量個別佔了 55.25%及 44.75% 于圖與表得知薄膜裡面支撐層元素組成其碳元素重量約含 45.53% 氧元素重量約含 4.93% 氟元素重量約含 49.55% 利用空白薄膜 165

194 利塞不來塞老不塞 Element Weight % Atomic % C F Totals

4-5-1-3 裡 4-5-1-2 裡 Element Weight % Atomic % C 45.

195 裡裡 Element Weight % Atomic % C O F Totals

196 4-5-2 塞力流量降塞 90 行 SEM EDS 參數狀泥累狀不 () 塞更塞量 15.92% 量若 3 不泥量累參量流不泥留金累量 168

4-5-2-1 參數 () 數 () 數 () 數 Temp () 22.0 Conductivity (µs/cm) 1130 ph 7.48 TDS (mg/l) 640 Viscosity (mpa.s) MLSS (mg/l) MLVSS (mg/l) 80.

197 參數 () 數 () 數 () 數 Temp () 22.0 Conductivity (µs/cm) 1130 ph 7.48 TDS (mg/l) 640 Viscosity (mpa.s) MLSS (mg/l) MLVSS (mg/l) 80.1 TS (mg/l) SV 30 (%) SVI A- pressure (kpa) B- pressure (kpa) A-flux (L/m 2 -hr) B-flux (L/m 2 -hr) A 1 塞 (1,500X) 169

198 A 1 塞 (4,000X) A 1 塞 170

199 A 1 塞 Element Weight % Atomic % C N O F Mg Ca Cu Rb Pt Totals A 1 見不洞塞 (surface blocking or pore restriction)(reversible fouling) 171

200 A 1 塞 (1,500X) A 1 塞 (1,500X) 172

201 A 1 塞 (10,000X) A 1 塞 (5,000X) 173

202 A 1 見累了狀了見量量 14.85% 累塞便 A 1 塞 (1,500X) 174

203 A 1 塞 (4,000X) A 1 塞 175

204 A 1 塞 Element Weight % Atomic % C O F Mg Al Ca Cu Totals B 狀泥累 MBR 泥理泥度度狀度狀狀不易狀不 () 塞 EDS 塞 176

205 EDS 量 40.97% 31.26% 11.13% 量金量 11.69% A 1 累量 3~4 累量 EDS 金不 A 1 來類 B 1 塞 (1,500X) 177

206 B 1 塞 (4,000X) B 1 塞 178

207 B 1 塞 Element Weight % Atomic % C O F Al Ca Cu Totals B 1 見不洞塞 SEM A 1 AB 不裡利理 179

208 B 1 塞 (1,500X) B 1 塞 (1,500X) 180

209 B 1 塞 (10,000X) B 1 塞 (4,000X) 181

210 參見 B 1 累了了見量 51.09%21.59% 24.61% EDS 見量金金量金累金累量 11.69% EDS 金 A 1 EDS 量不塞 A 1 理便利降力流量理塞 182

211 B 1 塞 (1,500X) B 1 塞 (4,000X) 183

212 B 1 塞 B 1 塞 Element Weight % Atomic % C O F Na Mg Al Ca Mn Fe Totals

213 A B 兩塞不了力列流兩塞不兩 1. 兩連流 (M5) 路度不兩便利度路路度不兩力 2.66 kpa 兩力塞不異 2. SEM (b) 洞不濾度異 185

214 4-6 論來 COD 流 COD 度泥 76 泥 COD MLSS 來理落 0.17~0.56 kg COD/kg MLSS-day 落 0.004~0.021 kg COD/kg MLSS-day 76 泥 100 不理 COD 0.12~0.89 kg COD/kg MLSS-day 0.002~0.013 kg COD/kg MLSS-day 泥更 MLVSS 來泥理 0.06~0.65 kg COD/kg MLVSS-day 0.004~0.079 kg COD/kg MLVSS-day 泥不理 0.014~0.322 kg COD/kg MLVSS-day 0.003~0.014 kg COD/kg MLVSS-day 泥 COD MLVSS MLSS COD 更 186

215 COD F/M (kg COD/kg MLSS-day) COD F/M (kg COD/kg MLSS-day) Aerobic Membrane tank Time (day) Biological treatment tank Time (day) COD (MLSS) COD F/M (kg COD/kg MLVSS-day) COD F/M (kg COD/kg MLVSS-day) Aerobic Membrane tank Time (day) Biological treatment tank Time (day) COD (MLVSS) 187

216 BOD 5 値 BOD 5 76 泥 100 不理 0.09~0.40 kg BOD 5 /kg MLSS-day ~ kg BOD 5 /kg MLSS-dayBOD 5 MLVSS 來理 BOD ~0.36 kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day BOD ~ kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day BOD F/M (kg BOD 5 /kg MLSS-day) BOD F/M (kg BOD 5 /kg MLSS-day) Aerobic Membrane tank Time (day) Biological treatment tank Time (day) BOD 5 (MLSS) 188

217 BOD F/M (kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day) BOD F/M (kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day) Aerobic Membrane tank Time (day) Biological treatment tank Time (day) BOD 5 (MLVSS) COD 不理 0.099~6.844 kg COD/m 3 -day 0.011~0.408 kg COD/m 3 -daycod 65 BOD 理 0.068~4.617 kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day 0.007~0.04 kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day CODBOD 5 CODBOD 5 來降力留省利降 189

218 COD volume loading (kg COD/m 3 -day) COD volume loading (kg COD/m 3 -day) Aerobic Membrane tank Time (day) Biological treatment tank Time (day) COD BOD volume loading (kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day) BOD volume loading (kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day) Aerobic Membrane tank Time (day) Biological treatment tank Time (day) BOD 5 190

219 率來不率異理率 19~75 mg-o 2 /g-mlvss-hr 48.5 mg-o 2 /g-mlvss-hr 30~81 mg-o 2 /g-mlvss-hr 52.6 mg-o 2 /g-mlvss-hr 率落流不 Biological treatment tank Aerobic Membrane tank SOUR (mg-o 2 /MLVSS g.hr) Time (day) 率 191

220 泥度數 (SDI) 度 611 µs/cm853 µs/cm1304 µs/cmsdi 利 SDI 降 5 利降 SDII Time (day) 流泥度數狀 192

221 來流 BOD/COD 0.65BOD 5 COD 率 99.3± ±3.3MLSS 來理 COD 0.31±0.18 kg COD/kg MLSS-day0.024±0.021 kg COD/kg MLSS-dayMLSS 0.069±0.041 kg COD/kg MLSS-daMLVSS 來理 COD 0.35±0.21 kg COD/kg MLSS-day0.028±0.025 kg COD/kg MLSS-dayMLVSS 0.08±0.046 kg COD/kg MLSS-da COD F/M (kg COD/kg MLSS-day) Biological treatment tank F/M 2 - Aerobic Membrane tank F/M 3 - Total volume F/M COD (MLSS) 193

222 COD F/M (kg COD/kg MLVSS-day) Biological treatment tank F/M 2 - Aerobic Membrane tank F/M 3 - Total volume F/M COD (MLVSS) BOD 5 MLSS 來理 BOD ±0.13 kg BOD 5 /kg MLSS-day0.015±0.021 kg BOD 5 /kg MLSS-dayMLSS 0.039±0.025 kg COD/kg MLSS-da 若 MLVSS 來理 BOD ±0.14 kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day0.017±0.024 kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-dayMLVSS 0.044±0.028 kg BOD 5 /kg MLSS-da 194

223 0.5 BOD F/M (kg BOD 5 /kg MLSS-day) Biological treatment tank F/M 2 - Aerobic Membrane tank F/M 3 - Total volume F/M BOD (MLSS) BOD F/M (kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day) Biological treatment tank F/M 2 - Aerobic Membrane tank F/M 3 - Total volume F/M BOD (MLVSS) 195

224 CODBOD CODBOD 5 (±) COD F/M rations 理 BOD 5 F/M rations 理 kg COD/kg MLSS-day 0.31 ± ±0.021 kg BOD 5 /kg MLSS-day 0.19 ± ±0.021 kg COD/kg MLVSS-day 0.35 ± ±0.025 kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day 0.21 ± ±0.024 CODBOD CODBOD 5 (±) COD F/M rations BOD 5 F/M rations kg COD/kg MLSS-day 0.069±0.041 kg COD/kg MLVSS-day 0.08±0.046 kg BOD 5 /kg MLSS-day 0.039±0.025 kg BOD 5 /kg MLVSS-day 0.044±

225 COD 來理 2.5±1.6 kg COD/m 3 -day 0.10±0.09 kg COD/m 3 -da ±0.8 kg COD/m 3 -dabod 理 2.1±1.3 kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day 0.14±0.22 kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day ±0.71 kg BOD 5 /m 3 -da 泥理 0.3~0.6 kg BOD 5 /m3-day 2~ Biological treatment tank volume loading 2 - Aerobic Membrane tank volume loading 3 - Total volume loading COD volume loading(kg COD/m 3 -day) COD 197

226 Biological treatment tank volume loading 2 - Aerobic Membrane tank volume loading 3 - Total volume loading BOD volume loading(kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day) BOD CODBOD COD BOD5 (±) COD volume loading 理 BOD 5 volume loading 理 kg COD /m 3 -day 2.5± ±0.09 kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day 2.1± ±

4-6-4 CODBOD 5 (±) COD volume loading BOD 5 volume loading kg COD/m 3 -day 1.3±0.8 Kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day 1.12±0.

227 4-6-4 CODBOD 5 (±) COD volume loading BOD 5 volume loading kg COD/m 3 -day 1.3±0.8 Kg BOD 5 /m 3 -day 1.12± SS 率 100%COD 率 96.6% BOD 率 99.7% 度 1300 µs/cm 率理 75.2 mg-o 2 /g-hr 81.3 mg-o 2 /g-hr 度率 97.7% SAMBR 理理率 SAMBR 理理流 199

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無投影片標題行行金金 MBR 理 Membrane Bioreactors 行行金金理 O 2 量利 CO 2 H 2 O 行行金金泥狀羽羽行行金金離離泥量泥流不 New Approach 理率降泥率行行金金 The Filtration Spectrum 行金離理 Membrane operation Driving force Mechanism of separation