Ps22Pdf

Transcription

1 Publishing House of Electronics Industry BEIJING

2 :,,,,,, ( CIP) /. :, ISBN :. T N710 CIP ( 2004) : : : : : : / 16 :23 : 518 : : : :27. 00,,, : (010) zlts@phei.com.cn, dbqq@ phei.com.cn

3 8 1, ; 2, () ( ), ( ) ; 3,, ; 4,,, F007 ; 5,, 4, ; 6,,,,,,, ; 7, ; 8,,,,,,,,, : 1.,,,

4 2.,, :,,, CAI,, phei.com.cn, ,, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,

5 (1 ) IB UBE Ib Ube I b U be i B u B ibe ube (2 ) VCC VBB VEE VD D VG G VS S (3 ) R r 1. Ii Ui I i U i ( I d U d ) I o U o U o ( A V) Uom If Uf I Q U Q URE F U s

6 UT I + U + I - U - 2. P P o Pom P V 3. BW f H f L f o 4. R i R o Rif Rof RL R S G C L X Z ( - 3dB) ( - 3dB) 5., A Ac Ad Ai A u A uf A us F

7 1. D G S VD VDZ V T b c e 2. Aod C b c C b e I C BO I C EO I C M I C ( A V ) I S IZ IIB I I O PC M PD M S R U Z U ( BR ) CBO U ( BR ) CE O U ( BR ) EBO U C E S U lcm U ld m,

8 U I O U P U T B W G f T f f g m r b b r b e r be r c e r DS r GS r id T IO U IO D K K CM R M Q S S r T,

9 1 ( 1) 1. 1 ( 1) ( 2) ( 3) 1. 2 ( 4) PN ( 4) ( 6) ( 9) ( 9) (12) 1. 3 (14) (15) (16) (20) (26) PNP (28) 1. 4 (29) (30) (36) (42) (44) (45) 2 (50) 2. 1 (50) 2. 2 (51) 2. 3 (54) (54) (55)

10 (55) 2. 4 (71) (71) (72) 2. 5 (75) (75) (78) (81) 2. 6 (83) (83) (84) (87) (90) 2. 7 (92) (92) (98) (99) ( 100) 3 ( 107) 3. 1 ( 107) ( 107) ( 107) ( 108) ( 109) 3. 2 ( 113) ( 113) ( 114) ( 114) 3. 3 ( 115) ( 116) ( 118) ( 125) 3. 4 ( 126) ( 126)

11 ( 127) ( 128) ( 128) 4 ( 131) 4. 1 ( 131) ( 131) ( 132) 4. 2 ( 132) ( 133) ( 134) ( 134) 4. 3 ( 135) ( 136) ( 136) ( 137) ( 139) ( 139) 4. 4 ( 141) 4. 5 ( 142) 4. 6 ( 142) 4. 7 ( 144) F007 ( 144) CMOS ( 146) 4. 8 ( 149) 4. 9 ( 151) ( 152) ( 152) ( 153) ( 153) ( 154) 5 ( 158) 5. 1 ( 158) 5. 2 ( 159) ( 160)

12 ( 161) ( 162) ( 163) 5. 3 ( 167) 5. 4 ( 169) ( 169) ( 170) ( 171) ( 174) 5. 5 ( 179) ( 179) ( 180) ( 181) ( 184) ( 185) 6 ( 189) 6. 1 ( 189) ( 189) ( 192) ( 195) ( 199) ( 203) 6. 2 ( 204) ( 204) ( 206) ( 208) ( 209) ( 210) 6. 3 ( 211) ( 212) ( 214) ( 218) 6. 4 ( 223) ( 224)

13 ( 224) ( 225) ( 226) 6. 5 ( 227) ( 227) ( 229) ( 231) ( 235) ( 236) 6. 6 ( 245) ( 245) RC ( 246) LC ( 254) ( 265) 6. 7 ( 275) ( 275) ( 277) ( 278) 6. 8 ( 279) ( 279) ( 280) * 6. 9 ( 281) ( 281) ( 283) ( 286) ( 290) 7 ( 299) 7. 1 ( 299) ( 299) ( 300) 7. 2 ( 301) ( OCL ) ( 302) ( OT L ) ( 303) ( BT L) ( 305)

14 ( 306) OT L ( 307) 7. 3 ( 309) LM386 ( 309) ( 311) ( 314) ( 314) 8 ( 316) 8. 1 ( 316) 8. 2 ( 317) ( 317) ( 319) 8. 3 ( 324) ( 324) ( 325) ( 325) 8. 4 ( 329) ( 329) ( 330) ( 331) ( 334) 8. 5 ( 336) ( 336) ( 338) ( 338) 8. 6 ( 342) ( 343) ( 344) ( 346) ( 347) ( 354)

15 1,, PN ; 1. 1,, 10-4 cm, 10 9 cm, ( Si) ( Ge), 14, 14, 4, (a ) 32,, 4, 4, , ( b) ( ),,,,,,

16 2, , ,, ( T = K, - 273),,,, T = 0K,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,, , :,,,, n p, ni pi, ni = pi,,,,,,,

17 1 3,,,,, 8, ni ;, 12, ni ,,,,,, 1. N 4 5,, 5,, 4,,, ,, np,, N 5, N ( ), ( ) N P 2. P ( ) 3,, 3,,

18 4, ,,, pn,, P 3,, P,,, ;, N P,,,, N ;, P, ( a) ( b) ,,, 4 3,,,,, :, P N, 1. 2, P N, PN P, N, PN 1. PN P N,, N ( ) P ;, P ( ) N, (a),,, P N,

19 1 5 ( b ),, P N,, P, ; N, () ( ),,,, P N ( b), ( P ), ( N ),, UD, N P,,,,,, P N, N P,, P N ;,, ;,,,, PN,,, UD, ( ) V, ( )V PN 2. PN, P N, P, N, PN ( ), PN,,, P, ; N,,

20 6,,,,,, I, PN P N, , P N,, R, P N, N, P, , ( ) PN PN,,, P N,,,,,, I, ,, ( ),,, IS,, IS, P N,, PN ; P N,,, P N, PN P N,, ( a) ( b ), P

21 1 7, N ,,, P N,,,,,, P N,,,,, U, I, I = f ( U) : ( ) ; ( ) 1.,,,, , 0. 5V, 0. 1V ,,

22 ,,,,,, IS, UBR,,, UBR,,,,,, ;,, P N,, I = IS ( e U/ U T - 1 ) ( ), IS ; U T, (300K), U T 26mV,, U < 0, U U T, I- IS, U > 0, UU T, e U/ U T 1, IIS e U/ U T, I U , ( a) 2AP26 ; ( b) 2CP

23 , (1 ) IF IF, IF,, (2 ) UR,, UBR UR (3 ) IR IR,, IR,,, IR (4 ) f M f M PN, ,, I, U,,, (a ) ( b ) (1 ) UZ UZ UZ

24 10, UZ,,, UZ 2DW7C, UZ = V, 2DW7C, 6. 1V, 6. 5V, (2 ) IZ IZ IZ, ; IZ,,, (3 ) r Z r Z, DW7C r Z I Z r Z = U I rz, r Z ( ),, 2DW7C r Z IZ , I Z 5mA, rz 16; IZ 20mA, r Z 3 r Z ( 4) U U, 1, 7V, U 4V, U 47V, U,, 2CW17, UZ = V, a U = 0. 09%/, 1, 0. 09%, 2CW11, UZ = V, U = - ( ) %/, U = %/, 1, 0. 05% 2DW7,, 2DW (a),, ( b),

25 1 11, ;,,, 1 2, 2DW7C, U = %/ DW7 (5 ) PZ UZ,,, PZ IZM IZM PZ IZM = PZ/ UZ PZ, IZM,, N, P,, , RL,,, IZ,, , IZM = 20mA, IZ min = 5mA, rz = 10, UZ = 6V, R L max = 10 k R; RL ; RL = 1k, Ui 1V, Uo :,, Uo, IZ, Uo RL = R L max, IZ = I Zmax, 6 + I Z max rz + I Zmax IZ max rz R L max R = 10

26 12 R = RL, IZ = IZ min, Uo = I Zmi n Io = IL = 10 - ( IZm in ) R R = 181, I Z min = 5 ma, Io = 17mA - IZ min RL RL = Uo RL = 1k Io = 353 Uo = rz RL Ui R + rz RL = 0. 05V ( ),, PN 1. PN P N (1 ) Cb PN ( ),,, PN,, ;,,, PN U, Q,, Cb = dq du = S l ( )

27 PN, ; S ; l, PN, l U,, Cb U Cb = C jo ( 1 + U/ UD ) ( ), UD PN,UD = V;UD = V; U ; Cj0 U = 0 ; PN, = 1 3 ; = 1 2 ; = Cb U P (2 ) Cd, N P, P N, P np ( N pn ) x = 0 P N, x = 0, x

28 14,, P, Q,,, P np 2, P Q,,,,,, PN,,, PN Cj Cb Cd,,, Cj Cd ;,, Cj Cb Cb Cd,, 2. P N,, P N ( 3 ),,, PN U( ) ,, = 1 = 2, = ,, ,, N PN PN P, NP N

29 , ( a) N (, ),,, P, P,, N, : (e) ( b ) ( c) N ( ),, N, N P,,, ( b) N PN P NP, :, :,,, P N, N PN PN P (a)( b)

30 N PN, ( a) NPN, PN,,, , ,,, PN,, N PN N,,,,,, NPN P,,,,,

31 1 17, 1.,,, I E N,, , I E P, IE,,,, IE , P,, IB N, VBB,,,,, IB N IE, 3., ( ), I C N , VCC,,, ( ) ( ),,

32 18, I CBO, ( ) ( ) IE P, ( ),, IE VBB, IE IE = IE N + IE P = ICN + IBN + IE P ( ) IC = IC N + ICB O ( ) IB = IB N + IE P - ICBO ( ) IE = IB + IC ( ) IE IC N + IB N ( ) IE = IS (e U/ U T - 1) ( ) VCC ICBO, = IC N/ IE ( ), 1 1 : =, IB, IC, IC = IC N + ICB O = IE + ICB O = ( IB + IC ) + ICBO IC = 1 - IB + IC BO 1 - IC 1 - = IB + (1 + ) ICBO = IB + ICE O IB ICE O ICE O = (1 + ) ICB O ( ) IC IB ( ), ;,

33 , VBB, VCC UI, IE,IC IB IC IB, = IC ui, i B i C IB ( ) i B = I B + IB i C = I C + IC ( ), i B i C, IB IC, ( ) IC = IB = IC IB = (1.3.11) u O = VCC - i C R C = VC C - ( IC + i C ) RC uo = - i C R C u I = VBB + u I = i B r be = ( I B + i B ) r be r be u I = ( I B r be - V BB ) + i B r be = i B r be Au Au = uo u I 1, RC, R C Au = - i C R C i B rbe r be, A u 1 = - R C r be ( ),,

34 , N PN UCE, IB UBE, UCE IB = f (U B E ) U CE = ( ) = ( a), UCE = 0,, PN (), ( b), b e,, U CE = 0 UCE > 0, UCE > UBE,,,, IB,, IC, UC E = 0, UBE, IB,, UC E,,, UCE ( 1V), UBE,

35 1 21, UCE, I B, UCE, UCE,,, UC E 1V ( UCE = 2V ) UCE, UCE, UCE 1V 2. IB, I C U CE, IC = f (U CE ) I B = ( ) N PN : NPN IC (1 ) IB 0, , IB = 0,,, IB = 0,, IC EO, 1A,,,,,, N PN, UBE < 0, UBC < 0 (2 ),,, IB, IC

36 22 UCE, IC IB, I C, IB, C = IB,, NPN, UBE > 0, UBC < 0 (3 ) ,,, IB,, UCE, IC IB,,, IC IB, UCE = UBE, UC B = 0, UCE < UBE UCE S, UCE S < 0. 4V, NPN, UCE > 0, UBC > 0,,, 3.,,, (1 ),, PN, UD, IB, UB E : UBE/ T = - ( ) mv/ (2 ), ( ), ( ),,, 1, 0. 5 %

37 1 23 1%, (0. 51) %/ T (3 ) ICBO ICEO IC BO,,,, 10, ICBO, ICE O ICB O ( T) = = ( 1 + ) ICB O,, IC EO (4 ) T ICBO ( 25) 2, ICBO ICE O,, N PN V T VT UBE = 0. 7V, UCE S ( ) : IBS, IBS IBS = VCC - UCE S RC

38 I B I C I E > 0 I B I B I BS < I B I B + I C = ( 1 + ) I B < ( 1 + ) I B, UCE S UCE S V IB IBS, VT ; 0 < IB = 0. 7V, < IBS, VT UB UC, ,, U B U C ( V ) U B U C 0 V CC 0. 7 U CE S < U C < V CC 0. 7 U CES NPN VT VT UBE = 0. 7V : , IB IBS VT (a), IB IB = VCC - UBE Rb IBS IB IBS = VCC - UCE S RC = = < IBS, V T = ( ma ) = 43 (A) = ( ma) = 54(A) (a), RB RC,

39 1 25 RB >RC, V T ; RB <RC, V T NPN ( b )RE, IB IB = IBS IB RB VCC - UBE ) RE + (1 + VC C - UCE S IBS ( RC + RE ) = = ( ) = 0. 11mA = 0. 14mA < IBS, ( b) VT (c), Ui = 0V Ui = 3V Ui = 0V,, V T Ui = 3V, IB, IB = Ui - UBE RB IBS IB IBS = VCC - UCE S RC = = = mA = mA > IBE, (c)v T,,

40 , (1 ), ( a), = IC IB (2 ) ICE O,, IC (3 ), ( b ), = IC IE (4 ) ICB O,, IC IB IE

41 1 27,,, 2. = 1 + = 1 - (1 ) ICBO IC BO e, c b ICB O (a)icb O, ICBO, (2 ) IC EO ICBO b, c e ICE O ( b ) ( ), ICE O = ( 1 + ) IC BO,, ICE O ICB O ICE O,, ICB O ICE O, ICB O ICE O,, 3., (1 ) IC M, IC = ICM, (2 ) PCM, UCE, IC, PC = IC UCE,,

42 28, IC UC E PCM,, , IC UCE < PC M,, IC UCE > PCM,, (3 ),,, : U( BR ) CE O, U ( BR ) CBO, PCM ICM U( B R) C EO,, PNP N PN, P NP, N PN, P NP P, N,, PN P,,,, UBE < 0, UBC > 0, NPN, , P NP (a), UBE < 0, UCE < 0,, PNP ( b)

43 PNP (a)( b),, PNP IB IC IE, UBE UC E,,, PN P UBE UCE, P NP,, - UBE - UCE, P NP, N PN, PNP 1. 4 ( BJT ),

44 30, :, ( ),, ( Field Effect T ransistor, F ET ) :, ( J unction Field Effect Transistor, JF ET ) N N N, P (P + ), P + N PN, P +,, (G), N ( S ), (D), ( a),,, N, N, N, ( b ),, P + N

45 1 31 P, P N (N + ),, P, (a) P, ( b ), P N P, N, 2., PN, UG S, P N, UGS, UGS,,,,, ID, UGS, ID ( N ), ( P + ),,, N P +, N P +,, UGS, ID

46 32 UDS = 0,, VG G, VG G, , UG S = 0,, UGS,, UGS = UP,,, UP N UP U DS = 0, U GS ,, UDS = 0, UGS, ID VD D, UDS > 0, VG G, UGS ID ( a), UGS = 0,,,, UDS, ID, UDS > 0,,, ID,,,, UG D = - VD D, PN,,, PN,, ( a) VG G, UG S < 0,,,, ID, ( b) VG G,,, ID VG G UD G = U P,,, (c), V GG,,

47 1 33 UGS UP (U P ),,, ID,, ( d ) U DS > 0, U GS I D, UGS, ID UGS PN, ID,,, PN,,, 3. : (1 ) UDS, ID UGS,

48 34 ID = f( UGS ) U DS = ( ) UGS ID N ( a), UGS = 0, ID ; UGS, ID UG S UP, ID 0, ID = 0 UGS, UP,, UGS = 0,, IDS S ( a) ID = IDSS 1 - UGS UP 2 (UP UGS 0 ) ( ) N (2 ), ID UDS, ID = f (UDS ) U GS = ( ) N ( b),, UGS, IB

49 ( b ) :, UDS, ID UDS,, UG S,, UGS,, ( b), ID N, N UGS, UDS, UGS UDS,, ( b ), ID UDS,, S UG S, UDS, D S, D S,, ID ID UG S,,,,,,,,, UDS, PN, ID,, ,,, UDS, ID UGS,, UDS, , UGS,, UGS ID,

50 36, P N,,, 10 7,, ( Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor, IGFE T ),, MOS MOS MOSFET ( Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor ) ( SiO2 ),, 10 9, N P N P, N MOS, 1. N MOS (1 ) N MOS P, ( SiO2 ),, N (N + ), S D, MOS G,, B,, (2 ) UGS PN,, ID UGS,, UGS = 0, UG S = 0,

51 1 37 N MOS, UGS = 0, N + P, PN, ,, MOS PN U GS > U T UDS = 0, UGS > 0, () P,, P ( ),, P ( ),, UGS, UGS,,, ( )P N,, N P, N + UGS, UT, UGS,,, MOS UDS = 0, ID UG S UT, UDS, UDS < UGS - UT, UGD = UGS - UDS > UT, ID, ID,, UG D = UGS - UDS, ;, UGS,,,, (a) UDS, ID, UDS UDS = UGS - UT, UG D = UGS - UDS = UT,,, ( b)uds,, (c),, UDS, UDS,,

52 U DS, ID (3 ) N MOS ( a) ( b) (a), UGS < UT,, ID, UGS UT,,, UGS,,, ID N MOS (a) UGS ID = ID O UT (UGS > UT ) ( ), ID O UG S = 2UT ID, (a) N MOS :

53 1 39 ( ), ( b ) 2. N MOS, N MOS, UGS > UT, MOS,,, UGS = 0, P,, N, UGS ID UGS > 0, < 0, MOS,,, N, ID UGS,,,, ID 0 MOS ID 0 UGS, U P, N, MOS UGS > 0, UGS = 0, ID (a)( b) N MOS N MOS MOS, UGS > 0, ID ; UGS < 0, ID N MOS (a)( b) ( a ), ( b )

54 40 P MOS N,, N MOS, B, N P N P (a), ( b ): VT?

55 1 41, VT?,? VT? VT,? : ( a) N, B N, B, P (a), V T, ID I S, UG S, UGS VT N V T < 0, ( b), ( UGS, ID )( 18, 0) ( 0, ),, (a), UGS IS UG S = - RS IS IS ID, : ID 0mA, 0. 1mA, 0. 2mA, 0. 3mA,, UGS 0V, V, V, V,,, QQ UGS ID UGS Q ID Q, UGSQ = V, ID Q = 0. 32mA

56 Q Q, UDS ID UDSQ ID Q, UDS Q = 5. 2V, ID Q = ma UG SQ = V, ID Q = 0. 32mA, UDSQ = 5. 2V,,, 3 V T N (a) VT N, UG = 0V, VT, UGS > UT ID + VD D G,, UGS UT, , 1. (1 ) IDSS UG S, UDS UP (2 ) UP UP UDS, ID UG S (3 ) UT UT UDS,

57 1 43 UG S (4 ) RGS RGS, RGS 10 7,, (1 ) gm gm UGS ID UDS, ID UGS, gm = I D UGS U DS = ( ) ID ( ma), UGS ( V), gm ( ms) (2 ), CG S CG D CDS, 3. (1 ) PDM, PD = ID UDS,, (2 ) U( BR ) DS, ID UDS (3 ) U( BR ) GS, P N, UGS, PN MOS, UGS,, PN,,, MOS

58 44 (1 ), :, : N ; P P N, P N, (2 ) PN,, (3 ),,, (4 ) P N (5 ) : N PN PN P, P N :, : : ;, ;,, :,,, = IC/ IB = IC/ IE :,, (6 ),, MOS, N P,, gm = ID/ UGS,,

59 ( a, b, c, ) (1 ) N, P (a., b. ) (2 ) N, P ( a., b., c. ) (3 ) PN, ( a. P N, b. N P ) (4 ) I = (a. KU 2, b. K U 3/ 2, c. K(e U/ U T - 1 ) ) (5 ) PN, ( ( a1., b1., c1. ) ( a2., b2., c2. ) (6 ) (a1., b1., c1. ) ( a1., b2., c2. ) (7 ), b-e ; b-c ;, b-e ; b-c (a., b., c. ) (8 ), IB 20A 40A, IC 1mA 2mA ( a. 10, b. 50, c. 100) (9 ) (a1., b1., c1. ) ( a2., b2. ) (a3., b3. ) (10), ( a., b., c. ) A, 20 80? 10, 1. 3 P1. 1( a) : (1 ) 1k P V, P1. 1 ( b ), I U?

60 46 (2 ) P1. 1 ( b) 1. 5V 3V,? : 1. 4 R10 200, R100, 200,?? :, 1. 5V, R10 R P1. 2, ui = 10 sin t( V), RL = 1k, P1.2 ( b), id ud uo, P , IZ r Z U,? r Z , 5 ma, UZ = 10V, = 8, U = 0. 09%/, : : (1 ), 20mA, UZ? (2 ) 5mA, 50, UZ? 1. 8 P1. 3, V = 10V, R = 200, RL = 1k, UZ = 6V, (1 ) IZ =? (2 ) V 12V, IZ? (3 ) V 10V, RL 2k, IZ? P1. 4, UC E = 5V, IC = 6mA

61 1 47, P1. 3 P IC M = 14mA, U( BR ) CE O = 15V, PC M = 100m W, P , 1 = 99, 1 =? IB1 = 10A, IC 1 IE 1? 2 = 0. 95, 2 =? IE2 = 1mA, IC 2 IB2? P1. 5, P1. 5

62 P1. 6 (a)(f) 50, UBE 0. 7V, IC UCE, ( ), P1. 6( g ) P P1. 7( a)( b ),, e b c, N PN, P NP, ICBO = 1A,= 30, 50 ICB O ICE O 10, ICB O, 1,1% N MOS P1. 8,

63 1 49 P1. 7 UDS = 15V, UT ID O, UDS = 15V, UG S = 4V gm P P1. 9, (, P N, ), UP IDSS ;, UT P ,,?

64 2,,,,,,,,,, 2. 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), (),,,,,,

65 2 51,,,,,,,,, (),, 2. 2,, ,,, Au = U o Ui ( ),,, Ai = I o Ii ( )

66 52,, 2., ( ),, U ,,,,, D,, U1 U2 U3 4. D = U U U1 ( ), ,, Ri Ri, Ri = Ui Ii ( ), Ri 5.,, ,, Ro Ro (U S = 0, RS ), ( RL = ), U o, I o, Ro, Ro = U o I o U S = 0 R L = ( )

67 2 53, U i,, U o RL, U o, Ro = U o - 1 RL ( ) Uo Ro 6.,,,,,,,,,, ,, BW, ,, ,,, Pom,,,, P om PV

68 54, = Pom PV ( ),,,,,, ( a) ( ) ( b ),,, , NP N VT, VCC, RC, ic RC,, RB, ;,, C1 C2, ;,,,,,,,, VCC RC RB

69 , ui,, u BE VT,,, i B,,,, i C i B RC, , i C, RC, u CE, RC uce VCC,, u CE u C E ic RC, u CE = ic RC, u CE u O, u O = uce, ul :u BE,iB,iC, uo, u O ui,, ui,, :,,, ib, ic, ic = ib, ui ib, ic u C E,,,,, ,,,, :,,,

70 56,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, ;, 1,,, C, ;, L,, VCC,,,,,,,, (a), , C1 C2, C1 C2,

71 2 57, VCC ( b )( c),,,,, 2., VCC,,, IB Q UBE Q, IC Q UCE Q ( Q Quiescent, ) ( b ), IB Q = VCC - UBE Q, UBE Q, : UU E Q = (0.60.8) V RB ( ) UBE Q = (0.10.3) V ( ), VCC RB, ( ) IB Q IC IB,, IC Q ( b ), IB Q ( ) UCE Q = VC C - IC Q RC ( ) ( a), VCC = 12V, RC = 3 k, RB = 280k, NPN 50, : UBE Q 3. IBQ = IC Q = 0. 7V, ( ) ( ) ( ) VC C - UB EQ IB Q RB = = ( ) ma = 2mA ma 40A UCE Q = VC C - ICQ RC = ( ) V = 6V

72 58 (1 ),, ( ), (2 ) :,,,,,, ui ui = (a), = 0,, IBQ UBE Q IC Q UC EQ,, ( a), ( b ), ( NP N ) (a)( b) i B = f( u BE ) u CE = ( ) i C = f( u C E ) i B = ( ) ( b ) u BE = VCC - ib RB ( ) uc E = VCC - ic RC ( ), ( ) ( ) ( )( ),,,,, UBC < 0 UC E 2V( )UCE 2V, ( a)ib = f( ube ) uc E 2V u BE = VCC - i B RB, IB Q UBE Q ic = f ( uce ) ib = IB Q uce = VCC - ic RC, ICQ UCE Q (3 ) :, ui i B = 0, u BE = VCC, ( VCC,0 ) ; = 0, ube = VCC - ib RB ( )

73 Q u BE = 0, i B = VCC RB, (0, VCC/ RB ) ( VC C, 0) (0, VCC/ RB ) i B Q, Q( U BE Q, IBQ ) = f ( u BE ) uce 2V, u C E = VCC - ic RC ( ) i C = 0, u CE = VCC, ; uce = 0, ic = VCC RC,, ( b), - RC, ; RC, i C 1 RC = f( u CE ) i B = I BQ Q Q ( UCE Q, IC Q ), UBE Q IB Q UCE Q IC Q,, ( UBE Q IBQ ) UBE Q UBE Q = ( ) V( )IB Q, = ( ) V, IB Q = VCC - UBE Q RB ( ) ( a ), RB = 280k, RC = 3k, VCC = 12V, ( b ) VT NP N : ( ) IB Q

74 60 IBQ = V C C - UBE Q RB ma 0.04mA = 40A, i C = 0, u C E = 12V ; uc E = 0, i C = 12 3 ma = 4mA,, ( b) ib = 40A, Q ( b), IC Q = 2mA, UCE Q = 6V, :, ( c) , ic uce, RC RL, R L = RC RL,, - 1 RC, - 1 R L R L RC,,, Q ui, C1 C2,,, Q, Q, Q - 1 R L,, ( b)

75 2 61 ui ic, ic,, u C E, ui,, u BE ib uce ( a)( b ), IB Q i B, u BE, ( a ) i B, uce, ( b ), Au = u Q ui = u CE ube ( a), RL ( b ) : R L, R L = RC RL = ( b ), Q - 1 R L k= 1. 5k, = 3k,

76 62, - 1 R L, ic i C ( 4mA), i C R L ( ( ) V = 6V), uc E, ( ) - Q, ( a) ib 1 R L = ( )A = 40A, u B E = ( ) V = 0. 04V, ( b), ib = 40A,u CE Au = ( ) V = - 3V, Au = uce ube = = - 75,, uce ube,, ube 0. 04V, u CE 3V , ui i B i C u C E uo, , ube, :, ui ,,, ube i C i B u C E,,,,,,, ui, u BE ib ic, ic RC, ube uo, ui, uo ui,

77 2 63, : i. ii. ( ) IB Q ib Q, IC Q UCE Q = I B Q iii. R L = RC RL, Q - 1 R L iv., Q ib,, ube, uce,uce ube 4.,,,,,, h (1 ) ( a), Q,, ib ube, rbe, rbe = ube ib

78 ( b ), Q, ic uc E, ib ;,ic ib ;, ib, ic ib ic, ( b), u CE ic, uc E, h, ( hibrid) h,, ic ib, u CE, ic ;, uce, ib ube,,, uc E ic ;, uc E,,,, uce,,, ( b), C1 C2,, ( b)

79 2 65 A u, RL RO,,, U i U O, I B I C Ui = I B rbe IC = I B Uo = - I C R L R L = RC RL Uo = - U i rbe R L Au = U o = - R L rbe Ui ( b )Ri Ro (2 ) rbe ( ) Ri = rbe RB ( ) Ro = RC ( ) ( )( ), A u Ri rbe, rbe,,, , b e : rbb, r e b r e, r bb r bb, re,, r e b,, r e b, r b e ( ), PN ie i E = IS [ exp ( ube/ UT ) - 1 ] P N ube IS, UT, UT 26mV,, ube 0. 1V, e u BE / U T 1, i E IS e u BE / U T

80 ub E, re b 1 rb e = d ie d u BE IS e u BE / U T UT i E, ie IEQ, i E r e r b e, i B u B E, r b e = UT IEQ 26 26mV, IE Q ma, rb e rb e, rbe, r b e i B, r b e re i B r bb + i E r b e = ib r b b + ( 1 + ) ib rbe = d u BE d i B r bb + (1 + ) 26 IE Q 26 IE Q IE Q UT ( ) rbe,, ( ) rbe,, r b b 300 ( ), IE Q, rbe, A u = - R L,,, rbe IE Q,, rbe, ( ),, IE Q rbe,,, IEQ, rbe, A u ( a), RL = 3 k, rbe A u Ri? Ro A u,, : IC Q = 2mA, UC EQ = 6V ( b ) Q = 50 IEQ IC Q rbe = 2mA, ( ) = rbb + (1 + ) 26 IE Q = = 963

81 2 67 R L = RC RL = Au = - R L rbe = = 1. 5k = - 78 A u ( ) ( ) Ri = rbe Rb rbe = 963k Ro = RC = 3k A u, Q I E Q, rbe, A u IE Q 3mA, IE Q, VCC RC IC Q IE Q rbe = A u = = , RB, IB Q, IE Q, Q,, (3 ), : i. Q ii. rbe iii., iv. 5.,, ( a),, Re, C1 C2 ( b ) :,, ( b )

82 Ui = I Uo = - I b rbe + I e Re I e = ( 1 + ) I b Ui = [ rbe + ( 1 + ) Re ] I b Au = U o = - U i ( ), Re c R L rbe = - I R L b R L + ( 1 + ) Re ( ), ( ), ( 1 + ) Re rbe, Au - R L Re, rbe R L ( b), Re ( ) Ri = U i = [ rbe + (1 + ) Re ] Rb ( ) Ii ( ), Re, (a) ( ),, RL, U o, , c e rc e,, Re Ro Rc ( ), rce,

83 (a) I o = U o Rc + I c ( ) Ic = U o - Ue + I b (2.3.18) rc e U i = 0 I b = - U e rbe ( ) I c = U o rc e - U e, rce - U e = U o rbe rce I c = - 1 rc e R e = Re rbe + Ue = U o rbe Uo rc e rce rbe R e ( ), rc e - 1 rc e + I e rbe c R ( ) Ro = U o = Rc r c e rce rbe I o R e ( ), rc e 1, rbe Ro Rc r ce + rce rbe R e ( )

84 (a) Re, rc e, Ro = RC rc e ( ) ( ) ( ), RC, IB Q = rbe RB VCC, (a), RC = RL = 3k, Re = 820, Rb = 240k, VC C = 12V, = 50, A u Ri Ro :, IB Q RB + UBE Q + IE Q RE = VC C - UBE Q ) RE + (1 + IC Q = IB Q = = rbb + (1 + ) 26 IE Q Au = - rbe R L + ( = ( ) = 2mA IE Q ) RE Ri = RB [ rbe + ( 1 + ) RE ] = = - rce, = ma = 0. 04mA = 963 = ( ) ( ) Ro = RC = 3k = 36. 3k,, (1 ),,,,,,,,

85 2 71,,,,, Re,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. 4,,, ,,,,, UT IC BO ICE Q, IC,,, , 50, Q Q,,,,

86 Q ,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, Re Ce,, VC C Rb1 Rb2, , UBQ VCC,, ICQ, IEQ, IEQ Re UEQ, UBEQ = UB Q - UE Q, IB Q, ICQ,,, Q

87 2 73, , Re, IE Q UE Q,, Re, UE Q,,, VCC, Re,, Re Ce, Ce, Re, Re Ce Ce UB Q, IR IB Q, Rb1 Rb2 IR = ( 510) IB Q, UB Q = (510 ) UBE Q 2., UB Q IR IBQ, UB Q Rb1 Rb1 + Rb2 VC C ( ) IE Q = UE Q Re = UBQ - UB EQ Re, ( ) IC Q IE Q = c e Ce UB Q - UBE Q Re ( ) UCE Q = VCC - IC Q Re - IE Q Re VCC - IC Q ( Rc + Re ) ( ) IB Q I CQ ( ),,,, R L A = - rbe ( )

88 74 R L = Re RL Ri = rbe Rb1 Rb2 ( ) Ro Rc ( ) , Rb1 = 2. 5k, Rb1 = 7. 5k, Rc = 2k, RL = 2k, Re = 1k, VCC = 12V, = 30 Ro A u Ri RS = 10k, A u s =? = 60,,? : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) UBQ Rb1 VCC = Rb1 + Rb2 IE Q = UB Q - UBE Q Re = = 3V ICQ IE Q = 2. 3mA = 2. 3 ma UCE Q VCC - IC Q ( Rc + Re ) = [ (2 + 1 ) ] = 5. 1V IB Q ICQ = A u, rbe, ( ) rbe = rb b + ( 1 + ) 26 IE Q R L = RC RL = Au = - R L r be Ri = rbe Rb1 Rb2 = = = 77A = = = 1k = Ro RC = 2k Rs, A us =, RS Ri Ri Ri + RS A u = = 650 = = ( ) = ,

89 2 75 = 60,, UB Q IE Q IC Q UCE Q, UB Q 3 V ICQ IE Q = 2. 3mA UC E Q 5. 1V 2. 5,,,,,,,, ( a), ( b ),,, (1 ) ( a) IB Q = Rb IC Q VCC - UBE Q ) Re + ( 1 + ( ) IB Q ( ) UCE Q = VCC - IE Q Re VCC - IC Q Re ( ) (2 ) A u ( b ) Ui = I b rbe + ( I b + I b ) R L = I R L = Re RL b [ rbe + ( 1 + ) R L ] Uo = ( I b + I b ) R L = Ib ( 1 + ) R L

90 Au = U o = Ui rbe ( 1 + ) R L + (1 + ) R L ( ) (1 + ) R L rbe, A u 1, 1 (3 ) Ri ( b ) Ri = Rb R i ( ) R i = U i = rbe + (1 + ) R L I b,, R i, ( 4) Ro Ro rce c e,, rce,, ,, Rs RL, U o, Ro I o = I b + b + I = (1 + ) I b + I = ( 1 + ) R e R e rbe Uo + R S + U o Re

91 2 77 Go = I o = 1 Re Uo = 1 rbe + R S Re R S 1 + rbe Ro = 1 Go rbe + R S = Re 1 + R S = RS Rb ( ) rbe + R S, Ro Re 1 +, Re R S + rbe 1 + 1,, : rbe + R S Ro 1 1, ;, ( );, ;,, ;, ( ) ( a), VCC = 10V, Re = 5. 6k, Rb = 240 k, = 40, RS = 10k, RL, : Q ( ) ( )( ) IBQ = Rb VCC - UBE Q ) Re + (1 + IC Q IB Q = = ( ) = 0. 8 ma 0. 02mA UCE Q VCC - IC Q Re = ( ) = 5. 52V A u Ri Ro ( ) rbe Au = = rbb + (1 + ) 26 IE Q rbe ( 1 + ) R L + (1 + ) R L R L = Re RL = 5. 6k = = k

92 78 A u = ( ) Ri = Lrbe + (1 + ) R L Rb = ( ), Ro = R S = RS Rb = rbe Ro = = ( ) 240 ( ) = 118k rbe + R S 1 + Re R S 1 + = = 9. 6k = k = k= ( a) Rc, Rb1 Rb2, VT Cb, C1 C ( b ), (c), ( d ), b, (a) (1 ) ( b ), 2. 4,,, UB Q Rb1 Rb1 + Rb2 VC C ( ) IE Q = UE Q Re = UBQ - UB EQ Re ( ) IC Q IE Q = UB Q - UBE Q Re ( ) UCE Q = VCC - IC Q Rc - IE Q Re VCC - IC Q ( Rc + Re ) ( ) IB Q ICQ/ ( ) (2 ) A i ( d) Ii = - I e - I R e

93 2 79 I R e, I o = I c Ai = I o/ Ii = - Ai = - I c ( ) I e + I R e Ic = - ( ) Ie (3 ) A u ( d ) Ui = - I b rbe Uo = - I b R L R L = Rc RL

94 80 A u = U o Ui = - I b R L - I b rbe = R L rbe ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,, (4 ) ( d ) R i = U i = - Ii - I b rbe = - (1 + ) I b rbe 1 + ( ) Ri = Re R i = Re rbe 1 +, Re 1 ; Re, 1 + (5 ) Rc, rce ( Rc, ( ), R o = rcb ( ) rcb (1 + ) rce ), rcb rc e, ( 1 + ) Rc, Ro = R o Rc = rcb Rc Rc ( ) , Rc = 5. 1k, Re = 2k, Rb1 = 3k, Rb2 = 10 k, RL = 5. 1k, VCC = 12V, = 50 A i A u Ri Ro : IE Q = 1 Re = 1 2 IBQ = Rb1 VCC Rb1 + Rb2 - UBE Q = 1. 03mA IC Q IE Q 1 + = mA = 20A

95 2 81 UCE Q VC C - IC Q ( Rc + Re ) = [ ( ) ] = 4. 7V Ai = - = - A u, R L rbe, 1 + = = R L = Re RL = = k rbe = rbb + (1 + ) 26 IE Q = = k A u = Ri = rbe 1 + Re = = = k= 30 Ro Rc = 5. 1 k ,, , :,,,,,, 1 1,,,,,,

96 82,,,,,,,,,, A i ( ) ( ) - (1 + ) ( 1 ) - A u ( ) - R L r be ( 1 ) ( 1 + ) R L r be + (1 + ) R L R L r be (, ) R i ( ) ( ) ( ) r be r be + (1 + ) R L r be 1 + R o ( ) r ce ( R C ) ( ) r be + R S 1 + ( ) ( 1 + ) r ce ( R c )

97 ,,, :,, u GS id,, u G S, i D, (a), gm ib i B,, i C = id ugs u G S, ug S u DS = ic,, ib, uce, ( b), = i C i B , 10 7, MOS , b e, (),,,,,, ,,, i D,

98 84, MOS, MOS 5%, MOS,,,,,,,,,,, N MOS, N MOS, ugs > UT uds > ugs - UT UT N MOS ,

99 2 85 (1 ) , MOS, RG, UGSQ = VG G ( ) N MOS id ugs u GS id = IDO UT ID O ugs = 2UT id 2-1 ( u GS > UT ) ( ) U GSQ ID Q = ID O UT ( ) UDS Q = V DD - ID Q RD ( ) (2 ), uds = VD D - id RD,, ugs = UGSQ = V G G Q Q ID Q UDSQ, id ugs uds, id = f ( ugs, uds ) i D,, did = id u GS U DS d u GS + id u DS U GS d u DS ( ) gm = i D u GS U DS ( )

100 86 gm 1 rds = i D u DS U GS ( ), ( ms )r DS, I d U g s U d s ( ) di D d ug S d uds, ( ) I d = gm Ug s + 1 Ud s ( ) r DS ( ), U g s,, D S gm U g s I d : gm U g s, rds ( ) ( ), gm ( ) ug S, gm = d i D d u G S = 2 I DO UT u GS UT - 1 = 2 UT Q, ID Q i D, gm gm 2 UT mSr DS RD r DS, r DS ID O i D ID O ID Q ( ) , r DS RG, Ui = Ug s Uo = - I d RD = - gm Ug s RD = - gm Ui RD

101 2 87 r DS, A u = U o = - gm RD ( ) Ui Ro RD ( ) , MOS, , V DD = 15V, V GG = 3. 5V, RD = 7. 5k, RG = 1M, Q A u R o : Q , UT = 2V, ugs = 2UT = 4V, i D = 2mA = I D O, ( ) ( ) ( ) UGSQ = VG G = 3. 5 V IDQ = ID O UGSQ UT = = 1. 13mA UDSQ = V DD - ID Q RD = ( ) = 6. 5V ( )gm gm = 2 UT IDO ID Q = = 1. 5mS ( ) ( ) A u Ro Au = - gm RD = Ro RD = 7. 5k , VD D,,, VD D R1 R2, RS, UGSQ, RS, CS, RG

102 88 1. (1 ) , ( ) UGS Q = R1 ID Q = ID O u GS R1 VD D - ID Q RS + R2 UGS Q UT ( ) 2-1, UGS Q ID Q, UDSQ = VD D - ID Q ( RD + RS ) ( ) (2 ), , i D ugs = UG Q - id RS = R1 V DD R1 + R2 - i D RS, (a), i D u GS, Q Q UG SQ IDQ, ( a) uds = VD D - i D ( RD + RS ), ( b ) u GS = UGSQ Q UG SQ IDQ 2. CS C1 C2,,

103 Uo = - I d R D = - gm Ugs R D R D = RD RL A u = U o = - gm R D Ui ( ) Ri = RG + ( R1 R2 ) ( ) Ro = RD ( ) , VD D = 15V, RD = 5k, RS = 2. 5 k, R1 = 200k, R2 = 300k, RG = 10M, RL CS = 5 k, C1 C Q, A u Ri id Ro : ugs = R1 R1 + R2 VD D - id RS = id = ( id ) V, ugs = 6V, = 2. 4 ma, (a) Q, UG SQ = 3. 5V, ID Q = 1mA

104 90 uds = VDD - id ( RD + RS ) = ( id ) V, ( b)u G S = UGS Q = 3. 5V Q, UDS Q = 7. 5V, ID Q = 1mA ( b ), UT = 2V, ugs = 2UT = 4V, id = 1. 8mA = ID O, ( ) gm = 2 UT IDO ID Q = Au = - gm R D 2 2 = Ri = RG + ( R1 R2 ) = = 1. 34mS Ro = RD = 5k = M ,, 1 1, , ,,,

105 2 91 Uo = gm Ug s R S R S = RS RL U i = U g s + U o = (1 + gm R S )U g s Au = U o = Ui gm R S 1 + gm R S ( ), Au , < 1, gm R S 1,, U i = 0, RL, U o, A u 1 Ri = RG + ( R1 R2 ) ( ) I o = U o RS - gm U g s, Ug s = - Uo R o I o = U o RS + gm U o = 1 RS + gm U o Ro = U o = I o 1 gm + 1 RS = 1 gm RS ( ) , VD D = 24V, RS = 10k, RG = 100M, R1 = 5M, R2 = 3M, RL = 10k, gm = 1. 8mS, A u Ri Ro : ( ) ( ) ( ) A u = gm R S = 1 + gm R S = 0. 9 Ri = RG + ( R1 R2 ) = M

106 92 Ro = 1 gm RL = k= 530,,,, 2. 7,,,,, , ,, ,,,,,,,,

107 2 93,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , VT1 VT2 0. 7V, VT 1 Q, , ( a), Re2, Ub2,,, Re2, ( b ), VDZ (a) Re2,,, (a)vt2, (a) ( b), ( b ),, UCE = 5V, UBE = 0. 7V,, UB2 = UC1 = 5V UC2 = UC E2 + UE2 = = 9. 3V

108 94 UB2 = UC 2 = 9. 3V UC 3 = UCE 3 + UE3 = = 13. 6V,, VCC (c),,, ( d ) P NP, PN P,,,,, N PN-P NP,,,,,,,,, , : Rb1 = 240k, Rc1

109 2 95 = 3. 9k, Rc2 = 500, VDZ UZ = 4V, V T1 1 = 45, VT2 2 = 40, VCC = 24V, IC Q1 1%, Uo : UBE Q1 = UBE Q2 = 0. 7V, IR C1 = IB Q1 = UC Q1 = UB EQ2 + UZ = 4. 7V VCC - UC Q1 RC1 VC C - UBE Q1 Rb1 = = IC Q1 = 4. 95mA 0. 1mA = 1 IBQ1 = 4. 5m A IB Q2 = IR C1 - ICQ1 = ( ) = ma IC Q1 1%, IC Q2 = 2 IBQ2 = ( ) = 18mA Uo = UC Q2 = VCC - IC Q2 RC2 = ( ) = 15V UC EQ2 = UC Q2 - UE Q2 = (15-4) = 11 V IC Q1 = ( ) = mA IBQ2 = ( ) ma = mA IC Q2 0. 9V, 6% = ( ) ma = ma Uo = UCQ2 = ( ) = 15. 9V ,,,,,,,,,, ,,

110 96,,,,,,,,,, :, Q,,,,,, , VT V T2, IC1,, VT 2 UBE2, VT 1 UB1, IC1,,,,, 4 3., U1 I1, U2 I2, ( ) n = N1 N2, , U1 U2 = N1 N2 = n

111 2 97 I1 I2 = N2 N1 = 1 n RL, R L = U1 I1 = n 2 U2 I2 = n 2 RL ( ),,, RL ( 8),,,, T1, T2, VT 2 VT3,, VT2 V T3, ,,,,,,

112 98,,,, ,,,, n Au = Au1 A u2 A A un ( ),,, 2., ;,,,, ( ), (),,,

113 2 99, (1 ), (2 ) :,, ; ; (3 ) : :,, ;,,, ( ) ( ),,, ;,,,, h : rbe h,,,,, (4 ),,,,, IC UBE, (5 ) ( ), (6 ), :,,,,,,,

114 100 ( bg, es, cd), (7 ) : , ; 2. 1 (1 ) :,, ; ; (2 ) : (3 ), (4 ), IC, (5 ),, (6 ), :,,,, (7 ) : (8 ) ; 2. 2 P P2. 2 (a): Rb = 510k, Rc = 10k, RL = 1.5k, VCC = 10V P2. 2( b) (1 ), ; (2 ) VCC, UCE Q 5V

115 2 101 P2. 1,?? (3 ) VCC, IC Q = 2mA, UCE Q = 2V,?? P P2. 3, = 100, UBE Q = V, rbb = 200 (1 ) IBQ IC Q UC EQ ; (2 ) rbe ; (3 ) A u 2. 5 P2. 4, R1 = 3k, R2 = 12k, Rc = 1.5 k, Re = 500, VC C = 20V, 3DG4 = 30

116 102 P2. 3 P2. 4 (1 ) IC Q IB Q UC EQ ; (2 ) = 60, ; (3 ) 1050, UC ( )( )? (4 ) P NP, ( ), 30,? ) 2. 6 P2. 5 (a), P2. 6 ( b): (1 ) ; (2 ) Q (UBE Q = 0. 7V) ; (3 ) ; (4 ) i B 0100A, u CE, Uo ( P2. 5 : 2. 7 P2. 6 = 60, VCC = 6V, Rc = 5k, RL = 5k, Rb = 530k, (1 ) ; (2 ) rbe ; (3 ) ;

117 2 103 Ro (4 ) A u, Ri 2. 8, P2. 7( a) : Rb1 = 2.5k, Rb2 = 10k, RC = 2k, Re = 750, RL = 1.5 k, RS = 0, VCC = 15V, 3DG6, P2. 7 ( b ) P2. 6 P RS = 10k, Aus = U o =? Us P k ; ; P2. 9, = 50, UBE Q = 0. 6V ( 1) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) A u, Ri Ro P2. 10, = 100, VCC = 12V, Re = 5. 6k, Rb =

118 104 RL = RL = 1.2k A u ; RL = RL = 1.2k Ri ; Ro P2. 10 P P2. 11, U o1 U o2 U i U i, Rc = Re uo1 uo2 ( ui ) P2. 12 (a), P2. 12 ( b ), VD D = 20V, VG G = 2V, RD = 5. 1k, RG = 10M (1 ) Q; (2 ) gm ; (3 ) A u Ro P P2. 13, VD D = 30V, RD = 15k, RS = 1k, RG = 2M, R1 = 30k, R2 = 200k, RL = 1M, gm = 1. 5mS (1 ) A u Ri Ro ;

119 2 105 (2 ) CS, A u =? P2. 14, N MOS UT = 2V, ID O = 2mA, VD D = 20V, V GG = 4V, RS = 4.7k, RG = 1M (1 ) ; (2 ) gm ; (3 ) A u Ro P2. 15 P2. 13, VC C = 15V, Rb1 = 360k, Rc1 = 5.6k, Rc2 = 2k, Re2 = 750, 1 = 50, 2 = 30, : (1 ) ; (2 ) Au = uo ui Ri Ro P2. 14 P P2. 16 NPN P NP, 1 = 40, 2 = 20, UB EQ1 = UBE Q2 = 0. 7V, VC C = VEE = 12V, Re2 = 3. 9k, RC 1 = 3. 3k, RC2 = 2k, us = 0 u O = 0, : (1 ) u O = 0 RS ; : (2 ) Au = uo ui Ri Ro P2. 17, ICQ1 = IC Q2 = 0. 65mA, 1 = 2 = 29 (1 ) rbe1 =? (2 ) ( C1 C2 )A u1 = U c1 =? U i

120 106 P2. 16 P2. 17 (3 ) A u2 = U o =? U b2 (4 ) A u = U o =? U i

121 3,,, f L f H,, 3. 1,,,,, ,,,, A u Au = Au ( f ) ( f ) ( ), A u f, A u ( f ),( f) ( a) ( b) ,,, 180,,

122 108 A um, Aum ( 1 2 A um ), f L f H, BW, BW = f H - f L ( ) , ,,,,,,, (a) ( b) ui (a), ; ( b),

123 ,,,, ; ,,, f, 20lg A u, ( db ),,,,,,,, RC, 1. RC RC Au = U o = Ui R 1 R + jc = jrc ( ) L = RC f L = 1 = 2 L 1 2RC ( ) A u, Au = = 1 j L j f L f ( ) RC ( ) A u

124 110 A u = f L f 2 ( ) = arctan ( ) ( ) RC, ( ), f L f ( ) 20lg A u = - 20lg 1 + f L f 2 ( ) ( ), f f L, 20lg A u 0dB; f f L, 20lg A u - 20lg f L f = 20lg f f L ; f = f L, 20lg A u = - 20lg 2 = - 3dB, RC, ( ), f f L, f > f L ; f < f L,, 20dB,, 20lg A u 20dB f = f L ( a ), ( ) ( ) ( a), 3dB, f = f L, ( a) RC, 0 ; ff L, 90 ; f = f L, 45, RC f > 10 f L, 0, ; f < 0. 1 f L, 90 ; 0. 1 f L < f < 10 f L, - 45,, f = f L, 45, ( b )

125 3 111 ( ) ( b ), 5. 71, f = 0. 1 f L f = 10 f L, ( b) () , RC, ff L, A u 1,, f < f L,, A u, f L ( - 3dB) ( b ),, RC RC Au = 1 jc R + 1 jc = jrc H = RC ( ), Au = f H = 1 = 2 H 1 = 1 + j H A u = 1 + = - arctan 1 ( ) 1 2RC j f f H 2 f f H RC ( ) ( ) ( ) f f H ( ), ( ) ( ) RC ( ), 20lg A u = - 20lg 1 + f f H 2 ( ) ( ), f f H, 20lg A u 0dB; f f H, 20lg A u - 20lg f f H ; f = f H, 20lg A u = - 20lg 2 = - 3dB

126 112, RC f < f H, ; f > f H, - 20dB, f = f H,, (a) ( ) (a), 3dB, f = f H RC ( ), ff H, 0 ; ff H, - 90 ; f = f H,= - 45, RC, f < 0. 1 f H, = 0 ; f > 10 f H, = - 90 ; 0. 1 f H < f < 10 f H, - 45,, f = f H,= - 45, ( b) ( ) ( b ), 5. 71, 0. 1 f H 10 f H , RC, f < f H, f > f H f H ( - 3dB) ( b),, 0-90, RC,,, f L f H,,,

127 ,,,,, = 0 ( ) 1 + j f f 0, f 1 2 0, = - arctan ( ), = f f ( ) f f 2 ( ) 20lg = 20lg 0-20lg 1 + f f 2 ( ) ( ) ( ),, ,, = 0 ;, , , f

128 114 ( ), f = f 1 = lg = 20lg 0-20lg 2 = 20lg 0-3( db),,, 70%, 3 db , f T f = f T, = 1,20lg = 0, f T, f > f T,, 1, f = f T = 1 ( ), 1 = f T f f T f 1, 1, f T, f T f, f 0 f T 0 f ( ) f, ,,, = 0 f 1 + j f ( ) , f

129 3 115, ff f T ( )( ), = = j f/ f j f/ f ( ) ( ), 0 = 1 + = 1 + j f (1 + ( ) 0 ) f ( ) ( ) f = ( ) f ( ), ff, f ( ),,,,, f< f T < f,,,, f, f T f T ff 3. 3,,,,,, ,,,,,, RC,

130 ,,,,,,, RC, 0-90, ,,,, h,, ( ),,,,, ( a) Cb e, Cb c, ( b ) U b e g m U b e,

131 3 117 g m, U b e, I c, rb c, ; r c e,, h,,, h, (a) (a) ( b) h, h r b e r bb g m h r bb + r b e = r be = r bb + (1 + ) 26 r b e = r be - r bb = (1 + ) 26 r bb = rbe g m Ub e = g m I g m = = r b e IE Q IE Q ( ) - r b e ( ) b r b e (1 + ) 26 IE Q = I b IE Q 26 ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) h ( )( ), r b e g m IE Q, IE Q, r b e, g m, r b e 1k, g m, r bb,, Cb e,, Cb c Cb e Cb c Cb c

132 118, Cb e f T, Cb e Cb e g m 2f T IE Q 2UT f T ( ) ( b ), Cb c bc,,,, Cb c, b e c e, (1 - K) Cb c K - 1 K C = Cb e Cb ce c, K U, Ub e + ( 1 - K) Cb c,, , C2 RL,,,, 1.,, C1, ;,,,,,

133 3 119 Ub e = RS Ri + Ri r b e Us r be Ri = Rb rbe U o = - gm U b e Rc = - Ri RS + Ri r b e gm rbe Rc Us A us m = U O = - US Ri Rs + Ri ( ), g m r b e g m Rc ( ) r be =, r b e A us m = - RS Ri + Ri ,, h Rc r be ,,,, C1,,, , C1 Ri RC, Ub e = Ri RS + Ri + 1 jc1 Ri = Rb r be r b e rbe US

134 Uo = - gm Ub e Rc = - RS Ri + Ri r b e g m Rc r be j( RS US 1 + Ri ) C1 Aus L = U o = Aus m US, ( - 3 db) ( ), f L = j ( RS + Ri ) C1 ( ) L = ( RS + Ri ) C1 ( ) 1 = 2 L Aus L = A u sm 2( RS j 1 + Ri ) C1 ( ), f L, C1 ( RS + Ri ), f L, A u sm f L 3., C1 f L f ( ) ( ), ,,, ,, K - 1 K Cb c,,

135 C = Cb e U S = RS Ri + Ri r b e rbe US R = r b e [ r b b + ( RS Rb ) ] + ( 1 - K) C b c = Cb e + ( 1 + gm Rc ) Cb c, C R RC Ub e = R + 1 jc Uo = - g m Ub e Rc = - U 1 jc S = Ri RS + Ri 1 U 1 + jr C S r b e g m Rc r be jr C U S, Aus H ( - 3 db) = U o = Aus m US jr C ( ) H = R C ( )

136 122 f H ( ), f H = Au s H 1 = 2 H = A u sm 1 2R C ( ) j ( ), f H R, f H ( ) f f H, C, C,,, A u sm f H, 4.,,, Aus 1 - j f L f Aus m 1 + j ( ) f f H,, , : i. A us m f L f H ii., f L f H, 20lg A us m, f = f L f = f H, 20dB,, - 20dB, iii.,, 10 f L 0. 1 f H, = - 180, < 0. 1 f L, = = - 90 ; 0. 1 f L 10 f L, - 45,, f = f L,= = - 135, f > 10 f H, = = ; 0. 1 f H 10 f H, - 45,, f = f H, = = - 225,

137 , UBE Q = 0. 6V,= 50, Cb c = 4pF, f T = 150MHz, RS = 2k, Rc = 4k, Rb = 220k, RL = 10k, C1 = 0. 1F, VC C = 5V, C2 :, IBQ = V c c - UBE Q IC Q IB Q r b e r be Rb = ( 1 + ) 26 IEQ = r b b + rb e = = 0. 02mA = ( ) = 1mA IE Q = = k = ( ) = k Ri = Rb r be r be = 1. 6k R L = Rc RL = g m IE Q 26 = 1 26 k= 1. 67k = 38. 5mS

138 124 Aus m = - Ri RS + Ri f L = r b e rbe 1 2 ( RS + Ri ) C1 Cb e g m = 2f T g m R L = - = ( ) = F = 41p F = 442H z C = Cb e + ( 1 + g m R L ) Cb c = [ 41 + ( ) 4 ] = 302pF f H = R S = RS Rb RS = 2k R = r b e [ r bb + ( RS Rb ) ] = 1 2R C = ( ) ( ) BW = f H - f L f H = 0. 63MHz 20lg A u sm = (20lg23. 2) db = 27. 3dB f L = 442H z = k Hz f H = 0. 63MHz = 630k Hz = 0. 83k = H z = 0. 63MHz, , ( ) ( ) Aus m = - f H = Ri RS + Ri 1 2R C Ri = Rb r be r b e g m Rc r be R = r b e [ r bb + ( RS Rb ) ] C = Cb e + (1 + g m Rc ) Cb c Rb RS, Rb r be, ( 1 + g m Rc ) Cb c Cb e,

139 3 125 A us m f H = RS Ri + Ri r b e g m Rc r be 1 2R C 2( RS 1 ( ) + r bb ) Cb c,,, r bb Cb c,,,,,, r b b Cb c ,,,,, f L = 0,,,,, , A um f H,

140 , Au = A u1 A u2 A un,, 20lg Au = 20lg A u1 + 20lg Au lg n Aun = 20lg Auk ( ) k = 1 = n n = k = 1 k ( ) A uk k k ( ) ( ), ;,,, ,,

141 3 127, , 3dB ( f L1 f H1 ), 6dB f L f H, f L1 f H1,, f L > f L1, f H < f H 1, :, ,, 1 f H f 2 H1 + 1 f 2 H f 2 H n ( ) f L = 1. 1 f 2 L 1 + f 2 L2 + + f 2 L n ( ),,, k f H k, f H f H k, m f L m, f L f L m

142 128 (1 ),,,,, (), (2 ),, f f T f ; f < f T < f (3 ),,, 0+ 90, 0-90, f L f H, f L = 0, (4 ),,, ,, A um f L f H (1 ) C1 ; (2 ) Rb ; (3 ) Rc ; (4 ) ; (5 ) Cb e Cb c ,? 80dB,? 3. 3 A um = - 200, f L = 10 H z, f H =

143 MHz (1 ) ; (2 ) f = f L f = f H, A u? 3. 4 P3. 4 (a)( b) : P3. 4 f H 80M Hz : (1 ) A um, f L (2 ) = 100, f T = (1 ), 70? (2 ) IE Q = 2mA, g m =? (3 ) C b e =? 3. 6 P3. 6, = 50, rbe = 1. 6k, r b b = 300, f T = 100MHz, Cb c = 4pF, f L f H 3. 7, A um1 = - 100, f L1 = 10 H z, f H1 = 20k Hz ; A um2 = - 20, f L2 = 100H z, f H2 = 150k H z,?? 3. 8 P3. 8 : P3. 6 (1 ) Ri =? (, )

144 130 (2 ) IC2 = 1mA, Rb2 =? UBE 2 = 0. 7V (3 ) Re2, Uo 400,, Ui =? 1 = 2 = 100, r b b = (4 ) C1 = C2 = C3 = 1F, Re2, f L =?, r be1 = 4. 4 k, r be2 P3. 8

145 4, ( ),, 20 60,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,

146 132, ( ), ,, , ,,, , VT1 V T2,, IO = IC1 ( ) IC 1 = IR - 2 IB = IR - 2 IC 1, 2, IC1 IR, ( ), IO IR IR, IO ( ), IO IR, IR, IO = IR ( ), : VUBE, IR,

147 4 133 IR V R ( ),, ro rce2 = 1 hoe2 ( ) IR, UBE 1 + IE 1 R1 = UBE2 + IE2 R2 IE2 R2 = IE 1 R1 + ( UBE 1 - UBE 2 ) ( ) IE 2 = IE1 R1 R2 + UBE 1 - UB E2 R2 ( ) PN IE 1 = IS exp UEB 1 UT IE 2 = IS exp UEB 1 UT, UB E1 = UT ln IE1 IS, UB E2 = UT ln IE2 IS ( )( ) UBE 1 - UBE 2 = UT ln IE1 IE2 ( ) IE2 = IE 1 R1 R2 + UT R2 ln IE1 IE2 ( )

148 134, 10, ( ),,, IR IE1, IO IE 2 IO IR R1 R2 ( ) R2,, , IO = UT ln IR R2 IO, ( ) , IO IC 1 = IR - IB3 = IR - IB 1 + IB ( ) VT = 2 = 3 =, IC1 = IC 2 = IO, IO IR - IC 1 + IC

149 4 135 IO = 1 + IR ( ) IR = IC 1 + IB3 = IO 3 IC1 = IC2 IO = IE3 1 = 2 = 3, IE3 = IC 2 + I C 1 + I C IO = IR 1 + 2/ ( ) ( ),,,,,, , VT1 ro rc e2 ( ) 2, V T1 V T2 rce2,, Au = - 1 ( rc e1 rc e2 RL ) rbe1 ( ), ,,, :,

150 ui1 ui2, ;, ui1 ui2,,,,,,, :,,, , RL,, IB = RB VEE - VBE ) RE + 2( 1 + ( ) IC = ( ) UC = VCC - IC RC ( ) UCE = VC C + VEE - IC ( RC + 2 RE ) ( ) , ui1 = - ui2,, RL,,

151 4 137 A u = u o1 ui1 = - RC RB RL + rbe 2 Ri = RB + rbe Ro RC / uo = uo1 - uo2 = 2 uo1 ui = ui1 - ui2 = 2 ui1 Aud = uo ui = 2 uo1 2 ui1 = A u = - RC RB RL 2 + rbe ( ) Rid = 2 Ri = 2 ( RB + rbe ) ( ) Rod = 2 Ro 2 RC ( ),, ,,, ui1 = ui2,

152 138 RL, RE,, Au1 = uo1 ui1 = - RC )2 RE RB + rbe + ( 1 + ( ), uo = A uc ( ui1 - ui2 ) uo = A uc ( ui1 - ui2 ) = 0 Auc = 0, 2 RE RC, A uc 0 : ; RE, RE KC MR KC MR KCM R = A ud Auc ( ) ( db), KC MR = 20log Aud Auc, RL,, ( a), RL, ( b )( c) ( b) A u = u o1 ui1 = - ( R C RL ) RB + rbe ( )

153 Aud = uo1 ui1 - ui2 = uo1 2 ui1 = Au 2 ( ) 4.3.5( c) ( c), RE Auc = - ( RC RL ) RB + rbe + ( 1 + ) 2 RE ( ) Ro RC ( ) ,, ( a) ( b),, , RE, RE VEE

154 ,, , IE1 + IE2 = IC3 = IC4 ( ),,, RE R C R E,,IC = IC4,, IC = - IC, IO = 2IC, 2,,, -, , ICC,

155 4 141 IBB, V T3 V T4 V T1 VT 2 NP N, V T3 VT 4 PN P,, b-c b-e,, Ro 2[ rbe1 + (1 + 1 ) rbe2 ] ( ), ,, NPN,,,,,,,,,,, , uo ui PN P N PN N PN, P NP, , NP N, P NP, PNP NPN

156 , VT1 VT2, ( NPN P NP ) V T1, IC = 1 IB1 + 2 IB2 = [ 1 + (1 + 1 ) 2 ] IB1 ( ) = IC IB 1 = 1 + ( ) ( ) rbe = rbe1 + (1 + 1 ) rbe2 ( ) ;, 4. 6 N PN P NP , ui = 0, uo = 0

157 4 143, VT1, V T2, VT1 ;, VT2, VT1, VT 2,, 0. 3V( )0. 7V( ),,, ,, , UBE R1 IIB, U = UBE R1 + R2 R1 R1 R2, UBE PN, NPN P NP PN P P NP NP N,,

158 ,,,, F007 F007, F007,,, F VT8 VT9 VT12 VT1 3

159 4 145 VT 10 VT R5 IR = VC C - ( - VE E ) - 2UB E VT 10 V T11, V T8 VT 9 R5 IC1 0 IC 10 = UT R4 = ln 19A IR IC10 VT 12 VT 13, = 0. 73mA ( 4.7.1) ( ) IC10 = IC9 + 2 IB3 ( ) 2 IC 1 IC 9 IC 13 IR ( ) 5, ( ), IC1 0, IC 9, IB 3, IB 3, IC1, IC 9,, IC VT 1 VT2 VT3 VT4 -, VT5 V T6 VT 1 VT2, VT RP (10k) -, VT 1 VT2, VT3 VT 4

160 146,, VT5 VT6,, VT 7 R2, VT5 VT6, VT 3 VT6, VT 7 VT3 VT4 IC 10 = IC9 + IB3 + IB4, IC1 IC 2, IC 8, IC 8 IC 9, IC 9 IC10, IB3 IB4, IC 3 IC 4, IC1 IC2,,, KCM R 3. VT1 6 VT1 7 VT 12 VT 13, 60dB 4. VT 18 V T19 PNP,, R7 R8 VT 15 UB E,, R9 R10 ( ), VD1 VD2 ur7 + ud1 = ube 14 + io R9 ( ) io, UV D1 < Uon, VD1,, VD1, V T14, VD2 VT1 8 VT 19 C, RP CMOS 1. C14573, 10A,, CMOS C14573, C , V T1 VT2 VT7 Rset, IR 20200A

161 4 147, VT 3 VT 4 VT 5 V T6,, V T8, C, C G7650 5G7650 H A SN62088, CMOS,, 5G A1 A2 CMOS A1,, N1 A2,, N G7650 S1 S2 CMOS A1 6 A2 1 2 C1 C2, 8 7, 11 9, 9 4, uo = + VD D uo = - VSS, 10 12

162 VD D, ; - VS S, 5G7650 5G7650 : ;,, S1, S uid uic KC MR 1 uic A1 A2 KC MR 2 uo s1 uo s2 A1 A2, A2, u o2 N2 A u2 A2, A u2 N2 A u2 1, u o2 = Au2 uo s 2 + uic KC MR 2 - A u2 u o2 ( ) u o2 C2 Au2 u o2 uc2 u os 2 + A u2 uic KC MR 2 ( ) = u o2 ( ),, S1, S uid, uic, A2 : KC MR 1 uic KCM R2

163 uc2 = u o2, u o2 = Au2 uid + uo s2 + uic KCM R 2 - A u2 uc2 ( ) ( ), u o2 = Au2 uid + uo s2 + uic KCM R2 - A u2 u c2 ( ) u o2 = Au2 uid ( ) u o2 A1 N1, Au1 A1, A u1 N1 uo = Au1 uid + uo s1 + = Au1 uid + uo s1 + uic KCM R1 uic KCM R1 + A u2 u o2 + A u1 Au2 uid ( ) = ( Au1 + A u1 Au2 ) uid + A u1 uo s1 + A u1 uic KCM R1 2, 3 uo s = KC MR = A u1 A u1 uo s1 + A u1 Au2 ( Au1 + A u1 Au2 ) Au1 uo s1 1 + Au2 Au2 KC MR 1 ( ) KC M R1, 1 + Au2, Au2 4. 8,,

164 (1 ) UIO,,, (2 ) UIO UI O = duio O d T UI T UIO T 20 )V/, UI O ( 10 (3 ) IIB, IIB = 1 2 ( I IB + + IIB - ) (4 ) IIO, (5 ) I IIO = IIB+ - IIB - I= d IIO d T IIO T, IIO (A/ ) 2. (1 ) Audo db :20lg Aud o dB, Aod = Uo U + - U - (2 ) rid, F007 2M, rid = UId IId (3 ) rod F007 75

165 4 151 (4 ) - 3dB fh Aod , (5 ) Ui dm Uidm,, 3. (1 ) KCM R KC M R KC MR = Aod Aoc ( ) db : 20lg Aod Aoc, F db (2 ) Uicm Uicm, 4. (1 ) SR SR SR = d uo d t max ( ) F V/ s (2 ),, VCC - VE E,, +, - uo ,, ;,

166 , :, ( + VCC ) ( - VEE ),,, ,, Aud, KC MR, rid, ro, IB, UIO, IIO,, , KCM R,,

167 ,,,,,, : Aud = KCM R = ri = ro = 0 IIB = 0 II O = 0 UIO = 0 f H = ,, Aud (U + - U - ) =, Aud =, U + - U - = 0, U + = U -,, ri =, I+ = I - = 0,, U + > U -, uo + uomax ( + VCC ) ; U + < U -,, uo - uomax ( + VEE ) (1 ),,,

168 154 (2 ),,, ; RE RE (3 ) MOS,,, NMOS PMOS,,, 5G7650 (4 ),,,,,,, U + > U -,, uo + uomax (+ VC C ) ; U + < U -,, uo - uomax ( - VEE ) 4. 1 (1 ),,,,,,, ; (2 ), (3 ),, (4 ) P4. 1 NPN, VT 1 1, rbe1 ; VT2 2, rbe2,, rbe = (5 ) :, (6 ),, (7 ) P4. 2 : IC2

169 4 155 (8 ) P4. 1 P P4. 3, VCC = 15V, R = 15k, UBE = 0. 6V, UT = 26 mvio 10, R P4. 4, UBE = 0. 7V, 1 I1, I2, I3, I4 P4. 3 P P4. 5, 1 = 2 = 50, rbe1 - rbe2 = 1k, P4. 5 (1 ) A ud, Auc, KC MR (2 ) rid, rod (3 ) Ui1 = - 5V, Ui2 = - 15V, Uo 4. 5 P4. 5, 1 = 2 =, rbe1 - rbe2 = rbe (1 ) Aud (2 ) A ud, P4. 5

170 156 (3 ) VT1 V T2 RC1 RC 2, : KCM R = RC1 + RC2 RC1 - RC2 1 2 ) RB + (1 + RB + rbe 4. 6 P4. 7, = 50, rb b= 100, P4. 6 P4. 7 (1 ) IC1, IC2, UC 1, UC 2 RB, UBE = 0. 7V (2 ) Aud, rid, rod (3 ) Uo = 0. 8V( ), Ui =? (4 ) Ui = - 1V( ), Uo =? 4. 7 P4. 8 : P4. 8 (1 ), (2 ) VT3 VT4 (3 ) I3 (4 ) VD1 VD2

171 P4. 9? ( NPN PN P ) P P4. 10, Uo = 0,, UB E = 0. 7V,= 100, rb b= 100RC, P4. 11, - 100, ui, V T1 VT 2 UCE S = 1V: (1 ), Uimax =? (2 ) Ui = 100mV( ), Uo =? R3, Uo =? R3, Uo =? P4. 10 P4. 11

172 5 ; ;,,, 5. 1, :,,, , ;,,, : RL, ;,

173 5 159,, : X i, Xo, Xf, Xd = Xi - Xf, ( )A = X o, F = X f Xd Xo Xo = A Xd ( ) Xf = F Xo = A F Xd ( ) Xi = Xd + Xf = (1 + A F) Xd ( ) Af = A 1 + A F ( ) A F 1 + A F 1 + A F > 1, Af < A,,, 1 + A F < 1, A f > A,,, 1 + A F = 0, Af =,,, 5. 2,

174 160, : RF ( a),, U f U o R1 RF,, () Ud,, R2, Ud = Ui - Uf,,,,, ( a) , ( b ),,,, U d, U o,, A uu,, A uu = U o Ud

175 ( b ), U o, U f U f U o, F uu, Fuu = U f Uo ( a), Uf = R1 R1 + RF Uo Fuu = U f Uo = R1 R1 + RF ( a), I f U o,, I d I i I f, Id = Ii - If ,,,, RF,,, ( b )

176 162 I d, U o, A ui, Aui = U o Id, A ui, U o, I f I f U o, F iu,, Fiu = I f Uo ( a),,, If - U o Rf Fiu = I f - Uo 1 RF ( a), Uf = I, o RF Ud = Ui - Uf,,,, ( b) U d, I o, A iu, Aiu = I o Ud