穨創造性問題解決（CPS）模式的沿革與應用.PDF

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1 CPS *

2 CPS 1972 Torrance Parnes 1966 Creative Problem Solving CPS CPS CPS CPS Parnes 1966 Treffinger Isaksen CPS 1

3 Osborn Parnes Creative Problem Solving CPS CPS CPS Parnes 1966 Isaksen et al Parnes 1967 Torrance 1972 Osborn 1963 Abell 1990 Parker 1978 Osborn Parnes Canady 1982 Howe 1997 CPS CPS CPS CPS CPS CPS CPS CPS ERIC CPS Osborn-Parnes Osborn Parnes CPS CPS Miller and Radziemski(1988) CPS CPS Hestad & Avellone, 1991 Jones, 1990 Felder, 1987 Keller & Shanahan, 1983 Euler, 1985 Lacy, 1979 CPS Bromage & Mayer, 1981 CPS Han,1986 CPS Clement 1978 Polland 1996 mental imagery CPS Spiegel, 1995 inventing Kuehn, 1988 Adolf, 1982 CPS Wavering, 1980 CPS Foley 1989 CPS senior undergraduate research program CPS Prud homme, 1981 CPS Creative Problem Solving Osborn CPS Osborn Parnes Treffinger Isaken 2

4 CPS CPS CPS Parnes 1987 Wallas 1926 preparation incubation illumination verification nature not nurture 1940 pre-historical aha Parnes 1987 Osborn Crawford Osborn 1954 Buffallo Creative Education Foundation CEF Creative Problem-Solving Institute CPSI 1960 Gordon Synectics Parnes CPS CPS Torrance(1972) 142 CPS 22 CPS 20 CPS CPS Osborn Parnes Treffinger Isaksen 50 Osborn Parnes Treffinger Isaksen 1953 Osborn Applied Imagination orientation preparation analysis hypothesis incubation synthesis verification Wallace Osborn CPS Wallace 1926 Osborn Osborn Parnes 1966 CPS Isaksen et al fact-finding FF problem-finding PF idea-finding IF solution-finding SF acceptance finding AF 1966 Osborn 1967 FF IF SF Parnes Osborn- Parnes CPS Osborn- Parnes traditions of CPS CPS Daniel,1983; Parker, 1978) Parnes FF 5W1H who what where when why how 3

5 2 PF 3 IF 4 SF 5 AF 1967 Parnes Ruth Noller CPS 1 CPS CPS CPS Parnes 1967 Parnes 1966 E intriguing J interesting FF PF IF SF AF problem 1 Parnes Noller CPS Firestein and Treffinger 1983 Treffinger 1982 CPS CPS Isaksen et al CPS Firestein and Treffinger 1983 CPS facilitator 1985 Isaksen Treffinger 1 Mess-Finding MF 2 FF Data-Finding DF 3 locating hit and hot spots Treffinger et al A on target F moves forward K workable B relevant G right on the money L clear C exciting H go in the right direction M feel right D spmarkles I fascinating N solves 4

6 Isaksen Treffinger CPS Eberlie( ) Elwell(1990) one-way process MF AF MF DF PF IF SF AF CPS Treffinger and Isaksen

7 Abell(1990) CPS STS CPS 1 CPS 1 CPS 1 5W1H Isaksen CPS Isaksen getting the problem ready generating ideas plan for taking action CPS Parnes CPS 1992 Pershyn 150 CPS CPS Isaksen et al CPS Isaksen Dorsal Noller Firestien (1993) CPS 4 6

MF DF PF (getting the problem ready) IF (generating ideas) SF AF (planning for action) 3 1987 6 CPS CPS Treffinger, Isaksen, & Dorsal 1992 4

8 MF DF PF (getting the problem ready) IF (generating ideas) SF AF (planning for action) CPS CPS Treffinger, Isaksen, & Dorsal understanding the problem - - input-processing-output CPS generating ideas understanding the problem planning for action CPS Isaksen et al

Treffinger 1994 Howe 1997 data finding problem finding identification solution finding CPS 1994 Treffinger CPS 1 contrived 2 3 contextual personal methodological

9 Treffinger 1994 Howe 1997 data finding problem finding identification solution finding CPS 1994 Treffinger CPS 1 contrived 2 3 contextual personal methodological metacognitive considerations CPS generating ideas process for action understanding the problem planning for action CPS Treffinger, Isaksen, & Porval

10 CPS CPS 2 CPS 2 Osborn Parnes Treffinger Isaksen Dorval Buffalo State College Center for studies in creativity CPS CPS CPS Treffinger 1985 CPS 1987 Parnes 1987 CPS CPS 5 Parnes CPS CPS CPS Parnes Treffinger CPS 3 Osborn Parnes Howe 1997 CPS 1 2 convergent thinking critical thinking creative thinking divergent thinking Howe Treffinger 1992 CPS Osborn Parnes CPS 2 CPS Osborn Parnes Treffinger Isaksen Dorval 1953 Osborn Orientation Applied Preparation Analysis Hypothesis Incubation Synthesis Verification Imagination 1960 Osborn Orientation Applied Preparation Analysis ideation Incubation Synthesis Imagination

11 evaluation 1966 Parnes CPS FF PF IF SF AF 1967 Osborn CPS FF IF SF 1967 Noller & CPS FF PF IF SF AF Parnes Isaksen et al. (1993) Applied Imagination 1967 Creative behavior guidebook Parnes CPS FF PF IF SF AF 1987 Parnes CPS FF PF IF SF AF Journal of creative behavior 1982 Treffinger CPS The handbook of Isaksen & creative Firestein learning(1982) 1985 Isaksen & CPS MF Creative problem Treffinger DF solving: the basic PF IF SF AF course 1987 Isaksen & CPS Creative problem Treffinger solving: three components and six stages 1992 Treffinger CPS Creative approach & Isaksen to problem solving Isaksen & CPS Isaksen et al. Dorval Isaksen CPS Creative Dorval & Treffinger approaches problem solving CPS Foster (1979) McAlpine (1989) 10

12 Morrison (1999) CPS CPS CPS CPS 1 2 CPS 3 CPS 4 CPS CPS 5 CPS CPS STS CPS CPS CPS Treffinger(1994) CPS CPS substantial reflection CPS Isaksen Treffinger CPS CPS Isaksen et al Osborn Parnes CPS CPS CPS CPS 1 CPS 1966 Parnes Parnes FF PF IF SF AF MF 1985 Isaksen 11

13 3 Isaksen Treffinger Dorval CPS Parnes 4 Isaksen CPS CPS CPS CPS Treffinger 1988 Creative Learning Model(CLM) Treffinger et al CLM 1. CPS CPS 2. CPS CPS 3. CPS CPS CPS CPS (1999): ,12 8. Abell, S. K. (1990). The Problem-Solving Muse. Science and Children. October 1990, Adolf, J. W. (1982). Creative Thinking through Science. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. 12

14 ED ) 10. Bromage, B. K. & Mayer, R. E. (1981). Relationship Between What is Remembered and Creative Problem-Solving Performance in Science Learning. Journal of Educational Psychology. 73(4), Canady, J. E. (1982). CPS for the Educational Administrator. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 16(2), Daniels, R. R. (1983). Creative Problem Solving for Gifted/Learning Disabled. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 13. Ederble, B. & Stanish, B. (1990). CPS for Kids. Australia: Hawker Brownlow Education. 14. Eberle, B. & Stanish, B. (1996). CPS for Kids : A Resources Book for Teaching Creative Problem- Solving to Children. Prufrock. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 15. Euler, P. A. (1985). Secrets of the Marsh : A book by 276 Childrens. Nature Study. 38(2-3), 12-13, Elwell, P. A. (1990). CPS for Teens. Australia: Hawker Brownlow Education. 17. Felder, R. M. (1987). On Creating Creative Engineers. Engineering Education. 77(4), Firestien, R. L., & Lunken, H. P. (1993). Assessment of the Long Term Effects of the Master of Science Degree in Creative Studies on its Graduates. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 27(3), Firestien, R. L. & Treffinger, D. J. (1983). Creative Problem Solving : Guidelines and Resources for Effective Facilitation. Gifted Child Today. January/February, Firestien, R. L. & Treffinger, D. J. (1989). Creative Problem Solving (Second of Three Parts). Gifted Child Today. September/October, Foley, L. (1989). Science-by-Mail. Science and Children. 26(7), Foster, K. M. (1979). A Guide for Teaching Creative Thinking Skills and Creative Problem-Solving in the Gifted Classroom. San Diego City Schools, Calif. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 23. Han, J. H. (1986). Problems and Issues in Science Education in Korea. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 24. Hestad, M. & Avellone, K. (1991). A Walk on the Wild Side: Adventures with Project Learning Tree. A Gifted Science Unit for Grades 1-5. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 25. Howe 1997, 11 Creative Problem Solving approaches processes for teaching and doing creative activity. 26. Isaksen, S.G. (1983). Toward a Model for Facilitation of Creative Problem Solving. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 17(1), Isaksen, S. G., Dorval, K. B., Noller, R. B., & Firestien, R.L. (1993). Dynamic Nature of Creative Problem Solving. In Gryskiewicz, S. S. Discovering Creativity. Proceeding of the International Creativity & Innovation Networking Conference. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED366838) 28. Isaksen, S. G. & Parnes, S. J.(1985). Curriculum Planning for Creative Thinking and Problem Solving. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 19(1), Isaksen, S. G., Puccio, G. J. & Treffinger, D. J. (1993). An Ecological Approach to Creativity Research: Profiling for Creative Problem Solving. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 27(3), Jones, C. (1990). More Parents Are Teachers, too. Encouraging Your 6- to 12-year-old. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 31. Keller, J. & Shanahan, D. (1983). Robots in the Kindergarten. Computing Teacher. 10(9), Kuehn, C. (1988). Inventing Creative Sciencing. Childhood Education. 65(1), Lancy, G. (1979). Creative Thinking and Problem Solving. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service 13

15 NO. ED ) 34. McAlpine, J. etc. (1989). Creative Problem Solving : Faces of Man (The Arts). Educational Impressions. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 35. McClure, G.T. (1970). Concerning a Logic of Discovery. Educational Theory, 20(2), Miller, A. & Radziemski, C. ED. (1988). Software Reviews. School-Science-and-Mathematics. 88(7), Osborn, A.F.(1948). Your Creative Power. New York: Scribner's. 38. Osborn, A.F.(1953). Applied Imagination. New York: Scribner's. 39. Osborn, A.F.(1960). Applied Imagination Parker, J. P. (1978). We All Have Problems Who doesn t? But Can They All Be Solved. Gifted Child Today. March/April, Parnes, S. J. (1987). Visioneering - State of the Art. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 21(3), Parnes, S. J., & Treffinger, D. J. (1973). Development of New Criteria for the Evaluation of Creative Studies Programs. Washington, D. C.: Office of Education (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 43. Polland, M. J. (1996). Mental Imagery in Creative Problem Solving. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 44. Prud homme, R. K. (1981). Senior Thesis Research at Princeton. Chemical engineering Education. 15(3), Shaklee, B. D. & Amos, N. G. (1985). The Effectiveness of Teaching Creative Problem Solving Techniques to Enhance the Problem Solving Ability of Kindergarten Students. Paper presented at Annual Meeting of th3 Mid-South Educational Research Conference (14 th). (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 46. Smith, B. L. (1993). Interpersonal Behaviors that Damage the Productivity of Creative Problem Solving groups. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 27(3), Spiegel, S. A. Ed. (1995). Perspectives from Teachers Classrooms. Action Research. Science FEAT (Science for Early Adolescence Teachers). (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 48. Subotnik, R. F. (1988). Factors from the Structure of Intellect Model Associated with Gifted Adolescents' Problem Finding in Science: Research with Westinghouse Science Talent Search Winners. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 22(1), Torrance, E. P. (1972). Can we teach Children to think Creatively. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED007089) 50. Torrance, E. P. & Goff, K. (1989). A Quiet Revolution. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 23(2), Torrance, E. P. & Safter, H. T. (1986). Are Children Becoming More Creative?. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 20(1), Treffinger, D. (1969). Developing Creative Problem Solving Abilities and Related Attitudes Through Programed Instruction. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 3(2), Treffinger, D. J. (1973). Instructional Innovation : For What? For Whom? And How do We Know?. Paper presented at the annual meeting of American Psychological Association, Montreal, Canada. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED ) 54. Treffinger, D. J. & Barton, B. L. (1988). Fostering Independent Learning. Gifted Child Today. January/February, Treffinger, D. J. & Firestien, R. L. (1989). Creative Problem Solving (First of Three Parts). Gifted Child Today. July/August,

16 56. Treffinger, D. J. & Huber, J. R.(1975). Designing Instruction in Creative Problem-Solving: Preliminary Objectives and Learning Hierarchies. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 9(4), Treffinger, D. J., Isaksen, S. G., & Dorval, K.B. (1992). Creative Problem Solving: An introduction. Sarasota: center for creative learning. 58. Treffinger, D. J., Isaksen, S. G., & Dorval, K.B. (1994). Creative Problem Solving: An Overview. In Runco, M. A. ED.. Problem Finding, Problem Solving, and Creativity. New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation. 59. Treffinger, D. J., Sortore, M. R., & Tallman, M. C. (1992). The CPS Evaluation Sourcebook. Sarasota: Centers for Creative Learning, Inc. 60. Treffinger, D. J., Sortore, M.R., & Tallman, M. C. (1992). The Creative Problem Solver s Guidebook.Sarasota: center for creative learning. 61. Wavering, M. J. (1980). What Are the Basics of Science education? What is Important to Know, How to Use Knowledge or How to Obtain Answers?. School Science and Mathematics. 80(8),

17 The Development of Creative Problem Solving CPS Model Tang, Wei-chun Chiu, Mei-Hung Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan Abstract Ever since Parnes developed Creative Problem Solving model for enhancing student s creativity, CPS has been applied in a lot of subject areas. However, there were many different views about its origin and structure of CPS. The purpose of this article intended to discuss the origin, history, and recent development of CPS. The findings revealed that the structure of CPS was originally developed by Parnes 1996, as a linear model, and then revised by Treffinger, Isaksen, and their colleagues as a non-linear model. In this paper, we discussed history of CPS model and its educational implications. 16

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穨創造性問題解決（CPS）模式的沿革與應用.PDF