2252 S Gabriel et al impedance analyser, an HP 8753C was used in the frequency range 300 khz to 3 GHz and an HP8720 from 130 MHz to 20 GHz. Open-ended

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "2252 S Gabriel et al impedance analyser, an HP 8753C was used in the frequency range 300 khz to 3 GHz and an HP8720 from 130 MHz to 20 GHz. Open-ended"

Transcription

1 Phys. Med. Biol. 41 (1996) Printed in the UK The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz S Gabriel, R W Lau and C Gabriel Physics Department, King s College, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK Received 2 April 1996 Abstract. Three experimental techniques based on automatic swept-frequency network and impedance analysers were used to measure the dielectric properties of tissue in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. The technique used in conjunction with the impedance analyser is described. Results are given for a number of human and animal tissues, at body temperature, across the frequency range, demonstrating that good agreement was achieved between measurements using the three pieces of equipment. Moreover, the measured values fall well within the body of corresponding literature data. 1. Introduction A recent review of the dielectric properties of biological tissues (Gabriel et al 1996a) showed that there is a large body of literature on the subject. By piecing together the data available, the main features of the dielectric spectrum of a biological tissue are revealed. However, the study exposed variability between data from different studies and gaps in our knowledge with respect to certain tissue types and, for most tissues, with respect to certain frequencies. An experimental study based on modern swept-frequency techniques may therefore consolidate our knowledge in this field. In the present study three experimental techniques were used to measure the dielectric properties of tissue in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. There is sufficient overlap among the three sets of measurements to demonstrate the extent of consistency between them. By superimposing the data from this measurement programme on the corresponding data from the literature it is possible to show that the experimental spectrum obtained in this study exhibits the same frequency-dependence and bridges the gaps that there are within the frequency range of the measurements. A comparison was made between the dielectric properties of human tissue and its equivalent in one or more animal species. Comparisons were also made between measurement carried out in vivo on accessible parts of the body and in vitro on freshly excised tissue. 2. Measurement techniques The dielectric measurements were performed using automatic swept-frequency network and impedance analysers. The frequency range 10 Hz to 10 MHz was covered by an HP4192A Present address: Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AY, UK /96/ $19.50 c 1996 IOP Publishing Ltd 2251

2 2252 S Gabriel et al impedance analyser, an HP 8753C was used in the frequency range 300 khz to 3 GHz and an HP8720 from 130 MHz to 20 GHz. Open-ended co-axial probes were used to interface the measuring equipment with the samples in all cases. The technique used with the HP8700 series network analysers has been reported in detail elsewhere (Gabriel et al 1994) and will not be discussed further. The techniques used in conjunction with the impedance analyser will be briefly described. A50 (impedance-matched conical co-axial probe (Gabriel and Grant 1989) was adapted to interface the sample to the HP4192A impedance analyser. The probe is characterized by a fringing capacitance C and conductance G which are functions of its physical dimension and can be measured with the impedance analyser. In addition there are stray capacitive and inductive elements that have to be normalized. The characteristic parameters of the probe, equivalent to its capacitance in air K, were calculated from measurements of the impedance components of the probe in air and in a standard sample (water or salt solution). In principle, the dielectric properties (permittivity ε and conductivity σ ) of an unknown sample could then be calculated from measurements of the impedance of the probe against an unknown sample using the following relationships, where ε 0 is the permittivity of free space: ε = C/K σ = Gε 0 /K. (1) In practice, the measurement of conductive materials in the frequency range 10 Hz to 10 MHz is not so straightforward. Normalization of the measured capacitance and conductance against the parameters of the probe in air is not sufficient. The measurements are affected by two sources of systematic errors, electrode polarization and lead inductance errors, which become apparent at the lower and higher ends of the frequency range under consideration. Electrode polarization is a manifestation of charge organization which occurs at the sample electrode interface in the presence of water molecules and hydrated ions. In its simplest form, the phenomenon is equivalent to a frequency-dependent capacitor in series with a resistor. Both components can be approximated by negative power functions of frequency, that is their absolute values decrease with increasing frequency. The effect increases with increasing sample conductivity and its consequences are more pronounced on the capacitance than they are on the conductance of ionic solutions as well as biological samples (Schwan 1992). In the case of biological samples, the poorly conducting cells shield part of the electrode from the ionic current, thus reducing the polarization effects compared to an ionic solution equivalent in conductivity to the intracellular fluid (Schwan 1992). The material of the electrode plays an important part in determining its polarization impedance. In the current study gold plated and sputtered platinum electrodes were tested and a choice was made in favour of the latter. The effect of the rough platinum surface was to shift the electrode polarization effect to lower frequencies and thus to reduce its contribution in the frequency range under consideration. The inductance of the probe and connecting cable adds another series component to the measured impedance. It affects the measured capacitance and conductance of lossy media. Its value could be determined from measurements on standard salt solutions and applying an equivalent circuit analysis. For the present set-up the stray inductance was L = Henry and the following equations were used to account for it: C = C m + LG m ω 2 + LCm 2 (1 + ω 2 LC m ) 2 + (ωlc m ) 2 G m G = (1 + ω 2 LC m ) 2 + (ωlc m ) 2 (2)

3 Dielectric properties of biological tissues II 2253 where C and G are the corrected capacitance and conductance expressed in terms of the measured values C m and G m, the lead inductance L and the angular frequency ω. The effect of the stray inductance increases with frequency and with sample conductivity. Figure 1. (a) Permittivity and (b) conductivity of a series of salt solutions. The data are uncorrected for electrode polarization and lead inductance errors. Also shown are corrected and uncorrected data for heart muscle tissue shown to illustrate the outcome of the correction procedure. Figures 1(a) and (b) show the effects of electrode polarization and the stray inductance on the uncorrected permittivity and conductivity of a series of salt solutions ranging from

4 2254 S Gabriel et al zero molar (de-ionized water) to 0.09 molar. The high permittivity values at low frequencies are a manifestation of electrode polarization whereas negative permittivity values at high frequency show the effect of the stray inductance. Superimposed on these data are the uncorrected permittivity and conductivity of a tissue sample (heart tissue). It can be seen that the low-frequency conductivity of the tissue is less than that of 0.01 molar salt solution. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the effect of electrode polarization on the tissue is also less than that exhibited by the 0.01 molar salt sample. A further observation indicates that the errors in the permittivity and conductivity of the sample are likely to be apparent below 1 khz and significant below 100 Hz whereas the effect of inductance manifests itself above a few megahertz in the case of tissue samples. To correct for electrode polarization and induction errors the capacitance and conductance of the tissue sample are evaluated in accordance with (2) and normalized with respect to a salt solution of similar low-frequency conductivity. The example in figures 1(a) and (b) was corrected with reference to a molar salt solution; the corrected dielectric properties are shown for comparison purposes. All impedance analyser tissue measurements were treated in a similar manner. 3. Uncertainties The measurement techniques and associated instrumentation used in this study give random reproducibility of about 1% across the frequency range. This statement is based on multiple measurements performed on standard samples of uniform composition. Biological tissues are inhomogeneous and show considerable variability in structure or composition and hence in dielectric properties. Such variations are natural and may be due to physiological processes or other functional requirements. The spread of values ranges from about ±5 10% above 100 MHz to ±15 25% at the lower end of the frequency scale. Care has been taken to eliminate all known sources of systematic errors; however, in view of the assumptions made in correcting for electrode polarization, it is possible that the dielectric parameters below 1 khz may be undercorrected. This source of errors may affect the permittivity values below 100 Hz by up to a factor of two or three. 4. Materials Three sources of materials were used: (i) excised animal tissue, mostly ovine, some porcine, from freshly killed animals; (ii) human autopsy materials and (iii) human skin and tongue in vivo. All animal tissues used were as fresh as possible, mostly within 2 h of the animal s death; human material was obtained 24 to 48 hours after death. The conical probe used in conjunction with the impedance analyser requires relatively large samples, at least a cube of 5 cm linear dimension. In view of this requirement not all samples could be measured at low frequencies. 5. Results 5.1. Measurements across the frequency range Examples of measurements on the three experimental arrangements, across the frequency range, are given in figures 2(a) (k). The agreement among measurements on the three machines was particularly good when the measurements were made on the same

5 Dielectric properties of biological tissues II 2255 Figure 2. The permittivity and conductivity of various tissues from measurements on three experimental arrangements with overlapping frequency coverage. (a) brain (grey matter), (b) heart muscle, (c) kidney (cortex), (d) liver, (e) lung (inflated), (f ) spleen, (g) muscle (paravertebral cut across the fibres), (h) muscle (paravertebral cut along the fibres), (i) uterus and (j ) skin (ventral forearm). Tissues (a) (h) are of bovine origin, (i) is from a human postmortem sample and (h) is human in vivo. All measurements were at body temperature.

6 2256 S Gabriel et al Figure 2. (Continued)

7 Dielectric properties of biological tissues II 2257 Figure 2. (Continued)

8 2258 S Gabriel et al Figure 2. (Continued)

9 Dielectric properties of biological tissues II 2259 Figure 2. (Continued)

10 2260 S Gabriel et al Figure 3. The permittivity and conductivity of tissues (human autopsy samples) from measurements on two experimental arrangements with overlapping frequency coverage: (a) thyroid, (b) testis, (c) ovary and (d) bladder. All measurements were at body temperature.

11 Dielectric properties of biological tissues II 2261 Figure 3. (Continued)

12 2262 S Gabriel et al Figure 4. Comparisons between species and between in vivo and in vitro measurements: (a) tongue muscle, (b) adipose tissue, (c) cartilage and (d) cortical bone.

13 Dielectric properties of biological tissues II 2263 Figure 4. (Continued)

14 2264 S Gabriel et al Figure 4. (Continued)

15 Dielectric properties of biological tissues II 2265 Figure 4. (Continued)

16 2266 S Gabriel et al Figure 5. Dielectric data from the current study and corresponding data from the literature: (a) adipose tissue and (b) liver.

17 Dielectric properties of biological tissues II 2267 Figure 5. (Continued)

18 2268 S Gabriel et al sample throughout. The impedance and network analysers were connected to an Intel Pentium processor-based personal computer through a GPIB bus. The equipment and the measurement procedures were controlled by software written in LabView TM, a Windows-based graphics programming system. A common graphic user interface allowed measurements to be performed on all three machines in quick succession. Small samples of human material were measured only in the frequency range above 1 MHz on the two network analysers. Examples of such measurements are given in figure 3(a) (d) Comparison between species and between measurements in vivo and in vitro The differences in the dielectric properties between animal and human species are not systematic. The variation in tissue properties within a species may well exceed variations between species. Example of comparative measurements are given in figures 4(a) (d). This result reinforces conclusions from other studies reported by Stuchly and Stuchly (1990). In figure 4(a) data for human tongue in vivo are compared to measurements in vitro on an autopsy sample. Data for samples of animal origin are not significantly different except at the low-frequency end, where the conductivity is higher for a longitudinal section. Figure 4(b) shows a wide spread of data for adipose tissue of human and animal origin. Closer inspection of the data shows that there are two limiting values corresponding to pure fatty tissue of low water content and little infiltration with blood, in contrast to the data corresponding to tissue of higher water content and more blood infiltration. Similar observations were made with respect to measurement on yellow bone marrow with high blood infiltration in the region closer to the bone in comparison to that in the centre. Figure 4(c) shows that the dielectric properties of cartilage are those of a high-water-content tissue, in agreement with reported values of 55 85% (ICRP 1992). Figure 4(d) shows data for cortical bone. The reported water content of this tissue is 12 15% (ICRP 1992) Effect of relative field-cell orientation The dielectric properties of muscle are known to be anisotropic (Epstein and Foster 1983). The data reported were obtained by measurement on the paravertebral muscle. The sample was measured twice, first with a transverse section against the probe (figure 2(i)) and then it was cut along the muscle fibre and re-measured (figure 2( j )). In view of the radial nature of the fringing field of the co-axial probe, these measurements do not represent the true limits of the dielectric properties with the field along and across the fibre. They show, however, the effect of fibre direction and the parts of the spectrum influenced by it Comparison with literature data Comparison between the experimental data presented in this paper and corresponding data from the literature shows good agreement. The experimental spectrum exhibits the same frequency-dependence and falls well within the range of values reported in the literature (figures 5(a) and (b)). Analysis of the data in this manner was extended to other tissue with similar conclusions (Gabriel et al 1996b).

19 Dielectric properties of biological tissues II Comments and conclusions An experimental investigation of dielectric properties of tissues was undertaken using three experimental techniques with overlapping frequency coverage extending from 10 Hz to 20 GHz. It was shown that, for measurement on the low-frequency experimental set-up, electrode polarization errors affect the results below 1 khz and become significant below 100 Hz in the case of tissue samples. Appropriate corrections were made for electrode polarization and for the lead inductance effect. The corrected data fall well within the values in the literature. The results presented serve to consolidate existing knowledge of the dielectric behaviour of tissue, in particular they provide data at frequencies below 10 khz, where previous knowledge had been limited. Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge Professor E H Grant for his help and encouragement. This project was supported by the USA Air Force under contract F References Epstein B R and Foster K R 1983 Anisotropy in the dielectric properties of skeletal muscle Med. Biol. Eng. Computing Gabriel C, Chan TYAandGrant E H 1994 Admittance models for open ended coaxial probes and their place in dielectric spectroscopy Phys. Med. Biol Gabriel C, Gabriel S and Corhout E 1996a The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey Phys. Med. Biol Gabriel C and Grant E H 1989 Dielectric sensors for industrial microwave measurements and control Microwellen HF Mag Gabriel S, Lau R W and Gabriel C 1996b The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues Phys. Med. Biol International Commission on Radiological protection (CRP) 1992 Report of the Task Group on Reference Man (Oxford: Pergamon) Kraszewski A, Stuchly S S, Stuchly M A and Smith A M 1982 In vivo and in vitro dielectric properties on animal tissues at radio frequencies Bioelectromagnetics Schwan H P 1992 Linear and nonlinear electrode polarisation and biological materials Ann. Biomed. Eng Stuchly M A and Stuchly S S 1990 Electrical properties of biological substances Biological Effects and Medical Applications of Electromagnetic Energy ed O P Gandhi (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall)

20 易迪拓培训 专注于微波 射频 天线设计人才的培养网址 : 射频和天线设计培训课程推荐 易迪拓培训 ( 由数名来自于研发第一线的资深工程师发起成立, 致力并专注于微波 射频 天线设计研发人才的培养 ; 我们于 2006 年整合合并微波 EDA 网 ( 现已发展成为国内最大的微波射频和天线设计人才培养基地, 成功推出多套微波射频以及天线设计经典培训课程和 ADS HFSS 等专业软件使用培训课程, 广受客户好评 ; 并先后与人民邮电出版社 电子工业出版社合作出版了多本专业图书, 帮助数万名工程师提升了专业技术能力 客户遍布中兴通讯 研通高频 埃威航电 国人通信等多家国内知名公司, 以及台湾工业技术研究院 永业科技 全一电子等多家台湾地区企业 易迪拓培训课程列表 : 射频工程师养成培训课程套装该套装精选了射频专业基础培训课程 射频仿真设计培训课程和射频电路测量培训课程三个类别共 30 门视频培训课程和 3 本图书教材 ; 旨在引领学员全面学习一个射频工程师需要熟悉 理解和掌握的专业知识和研发设计能力 通过套装的学习, 能够让学员完全达到和胜任一个合格的射频工程师的要求 课程网址 : ADS 学习培训课程套装该套装是迄今国内最全面 最权威的 ADS 培训教程, 共包含 10 门 ADS 学习培训课程 课程是由具有多年 ADS 使用经验的微波射频与通信系统设计领域资深专家讲解, 并多结合设计实例, 由浅入深 详细而又全面地讲解了 ADS 在微波射频电路设计 通信系统设计和电磁仿真设计方面的内容 能让您在最短的时间内学会使用 ADS, 迅速提升个人技术能力, 把 ADS 真正应用到实际研发工作中去, 成为 ADS 设计专家... 课程网址 : HFSS 学习培训课程套装该套课程套装包含了本站全部 HFSS 培训课程, 是迄今国内最全面 最专业的 HFSS 培训教程套装, 可以帮助您从零开始, 全面深入学习 HFSS 的各项功能和在多个方面的工程应用 购买套装, 更可超值赠送 3 个月免费学习答疑, 随时解答您学习过程中遇到的棘手问题, 让您的 HFSS 学习更加轻松顺畅 课程网址 : `

21 易迪拓培训 专注于微波 射频 天线设计人才的培养网址 : CST 学习培训课程套装该培训套装由易迪拓培训联合微波 EDA 网共同推出, 是最全面 系统 专业的 CST 微波工作室培训课程套装, 所有课程都由经验丰富的专家授课, 视频教学, 可以帮助您从零开始, 全面系统地学习 CST 微波工作的各项功能及其在微波射频 天线设计等领域的设计应用 且购买该套装, 还可超值赠送 3 个月免费学习答疑 课程网址 : HFSS 天线设计培训课程套装套装包含 6 门视频课程和 1 本图书, 课程从基础讲起, 内容由浅入深, 理论介绍和实际操作讲解相结合, 全面系统的讲解了 HFSS 天线设计的全过程 是国内最全面 最专业的 HFSS 天线设计课程, 可以帮助您快速学习掌握如何使用 HFSS 设计天线, 让天线设计不再难 课程网址 : MHz NFC/RFID 线圈天线设计培训课程套装套装包含 4 门视频培训课程, 培训将 13.56MHz 线圈天线设计原理和仿真设计实践相结合, 全面系统地讲解了 13.56MHz 线圈天线的工作原理 设计方法 设计考量以及使用 HFSS 和 CST 仿真分析线圈天线的具体操作, 同时还介绍了 13.56MHz 线圈天线匹配电路的设计和调试 通过该套课程的学习, 可以帮助您快速学习掌握 13.56MHz 线圈天线及其匹配电路的原理 设计和调试 详情浏览 : 我们的课程优势 : 成立于 2004 年,10 多年丰富的行业经验, 一直致力并专注于微波射频和天线设计工程师的培养, 更了解该行业对人才的要求 经验丰富的一线资深工程师讲授, 结合实际工程案例, 直观 实用 易学 联系我们 : 易迪拓培训官网 : 微波 EDA 网 : 官方淘宝店 : 专注于微波 射频 天线设计人才的培养易迪拓培训官方网址 : 淘宝网店 :

易迪拓培训 专注于微波 射频 天线设计人才的培养网址 :http://www.edatop.com 射频和天线设计培训课程推荐 易迪拓培训 (www.edatop.com) 由数名来自于研发第一线的资深工程师发起成立, 致力并专注于微波 射频 天线设计研发人才的培养 ; 我们于 2006 年整合合并微波 EDA 网 (www.mweda.com), 现已发展成为国内最大的微波射频和天线设计人才培养基地,

More information

ANSYS 在航空航天器电磁兼容、电磁干扰分析中的应

ANSYS 在航空航天器电磁兼容、电磁干扰分析中的应 易迪拓培训 专注于微波 射频 天线设计人才的培养网址 :http://www.edatop.com 射频和天线设计培训课程推荐 易迪拓培训 (www.edatop.com) 由数名来自于研发第一线的资深工程师发起成立, 致力并专注于微波 射频 天线设计研发人才的培养 ; 我们于 2006 年整合合并微波 EDA 网 (www.mweda.com), 现已发展成为国内最大的微波射频和天线设计人才培养基地,

More information

西南交通大学硕士学位论文微带天线的小型化研究姓名 : 邓曦申请学位级别 : 硕士专业 : 电磁场与微波技术指导教师 : 刘运林 20100501 微带天线的小型化研究 作者 : 邓曦 学位授予单位 : 西南交通大学 本文链接 :http://d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/thesis_y1688108.aspx

More information

西安电子科技大学博士学位论文机载阵列雷达动目标检测与定位方法研究姓名 : 曲毅申请学位级别 : 博士专业 : 信号与信息处理指导教师 : 廖桂生 20090901 机载阵列雷达动目标检测与定位方法研究

More information

usbintr.PDF

usbintr.PDF USB(Universal Serial Bus) USB( ) USB, USB PCI PC USB (host) USB (device) USB 1 PC PC USB PC 2 Plug-and-Play PC Plug-and- Play USB Plug-and-Play 3 PC / USB (USB 2.0 480Mb/s) USB USB 1 1 USB Toplogy USB

More information

易迪拓培训 专注于微波 射频 天线设计人才的培养网址 :http://www.edatop.com 如何学习天线设计 天线设计理论晦涩高深, 让许多工程师望而却步, 然而实际工程或实际工作中在设计天线时却很少用到这些高深晦涩的理论 实际上, 我们只需要懂得最基本的天线和射频基础知识, 借助于 HFSS CST 软件或者测试仪器就可以设计出工作性能良好的各类天线 易迪拓培训 (www.edatop.com)

More information

易迪拓培训 专注于微波 射频 天线设计人才的培养网址 :http://www.edatop.com 如何学习天线设计 天线设计理论晦涩高深, 让许多工程师望而却步, 然而实际工程或实际工作中在设计天线时却很少用到这些高深晦涩的理论 实际上, 我们只需要懂得最基本的天线和射频基础知识, 借助于 HFSS CST 软件或者测试仪器就可以设计出工作性能良好的各类天线 易迪拓培训 (www.edatop.com)

More information

,,: 65,A - 10A, 9, M1A1, 85 %: 148,35 72,1/ 6, 17 % (20 15 %) [1 ] ;1994,, 2 2,;2001, ; , ; ; F - 16 ;2 ;; F - 15 ; ;, :,,,, ,,,, M

,,: 65,A - 10A, 9, M1A1, 85 %: 148,35 72,1/ 6, 17 % (20 15 %) [1 ] ;1994,, 2 2,;2001, ; , ; ; F - 16 ;2 ;; F - 15 ; ;, :,,,, ,,,, M 2004 6 32 3 MODERN DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY J une 2004 Vol. 32 No. 3 Ξ,, (, 264001) :, :,,,,,,4 :; ;; : TN95911 + 7 ; TN957151 :A :10092086X(2004) 0320064205 Present situation, development and enlightenment

More information

Ω Ω 75Ω

Ω Ω 75Ω 18 A A A 0.1 AWG10 0.001 0.7m 1 0.083 m 1 90 RC=/Kρ /P /F N+R RC K ρ / 2 1 1 ρ 2.54 P / 2 F N R 0 A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1.0 0.1 0.05Ω 10 100Ω 75Ω 50Ω 12 100 0.1A 1.0V 1.0A 10V 1.0A 10V I 2 R 100V 50A 100V 1.

More information

untitled

untitled 1 2 3 MTBF 4 5 6 7 8 1 PCB EMC 2 3 FMEA FMEA FMEA FMEA F M E A RPN 1 FMEA 2 3 4 5 6 7 FMEA 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 FIT 5 FIT 5 FIT 6 6 7 7 3 8 MTBF MTTR FMEA A-availability MTBF-mean time between failure MTTF-mean

More information

PCB a 2.5mm b 4.0mm A mm W/cm 3 PCB PCB 2.0mm 1.5mm PCB PCB

PCB a 2.5mm b 4.0mm A mm W/cm 3 PCB PCB 2.0mm 1.5mm PCB PCB 1. PCB PCB PCB PCB EMC EMI 2. PCB PCB PCB 3. via Blind via Buried via Through via Component hole Stand off 4. / TS S0902010001 TS SOE0199001 TS SOE0199002 IEC60194 > > > > Printed Circuit

More information

PCB Layout using ADS November 29, 2005 PCB Layout using ADS Dr. B. Frank Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen's University Slide 1

PCB Layout using ADS November 29, 2005 PCB Layout using ADS Dr. B. Frank Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen's University Slide 1 Dr. B. Frank Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen's University Slide 1 Motivation Need circuit more reliable than breadboard? Working at RF/microwave frequencies? Printed circuit board

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint L10

Microsoft PowerPoint L10 6.00 CRCUTS AND ELECTRNCS Amplifiers -- Small Signal Model 6.00 Fall 000 Lecture 10 1 Reiew MSFET amp V S R L i DS Saturation discipline operate MSFET only in saturation region Large signal analysis 1.

More information

g g,, IFA [6 ] IFA (7),, H, IPFA, L, ; H, E E 1 IFA [8 ], L S [ 8 ], F ( PIFA), 2 L C, L C d ν H, Z0 [ 7 ], E : L C L C Z0 = ( 0 /

g g,, IFA [6 ] IFA (7),, H, IPFA, L, ; H, E E 1 IFA [8 ], L S [ 8 ], F ( PIFA), 2 L C, L C d ν H, Z0 [ 7 ], E : L C L C Z0 = ( 0 / : RFID RFID 1,2, 1,2, 2 (1. 710127 ;2. 518057) : U HF 840 845 M Hz 920 925 M Hz, E F,, E, 850 M Hz 920 M Hz, (VSWR < 2) E F,, :RFID ; IFA ; ; : TN82 :B :10042373X(2009) 102140203 Design of Novel Dual2frequency

More information

Design of Dual-Frequency Microstrip Antennas Using a Shorting-Pin Loading - Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, IEEE

Design of Dual-Frequency Microstrip Antennas Using a Shorting-Pin Loading - Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, IEEE DESIGN OF DUAL-FREQUENCY MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING A SHORTING-PIN LOADING *Shan-Cheng Pan' and Kin-Lu Wong2 'Department of Electronic Engineering, Yung Ta College of Technology and Commerce, Pingtung. Taiwan,

More information

CAM350 CAM350 CAM350 CAM350 Export Gerber 274D 274X Fire9000 Barco DPF NC Drill Mill Excellon Sieb Meyer IPC D 350 IPC D A Modification CAM/Ger

CAM350 CAM350 CAM350 CAM350 Export Gerber 274D 274X Fire9000 Barco DPF NC Drill Mill Excellon Sieb Meyer IPC D 350 IPC D A Modification CAM/Ger CAM350 CAM350 CAM350 PCB CAM CAM350 CAM350 Fabrication Modules C350-750 C350-460 C350-260 C350-110 C350-050 Import X X X X X Information X X X X X Export X X X X Opt. Modification X X X X Opt. Optimization

More information

The project High Datarate satellite transmission system Design of a space qualifiable transmitter Suited for LEO satellites and other small satellites

The project High Datarate satellite transmission system Design of a space qualifiable transmitter Suited for LEO satellites and other small satellites Satellite Downlink Simulation with VSS including Matlab Models Slide 1 The project High Datarate satellite transmission system Design of a space qualifiable transmitter Suited for LEO satellites and other

More information

, V m 3,, I p R 1 = ( I p + I 1 ) / R 0 I p, R 1 / 4, R m V d, 1. 1 Doherty MRF6P21190 LDMOS,,, Doherty B Freescale M6P21190 ADS 2 Doherty 3 Doherty,

, V m 3,, I p R 1 = ( I p + I 1 ) / R 0 I p, R 1 / 4, R m V d, 1. 1 Doherty MRF6P21190 LDMOS,,, Doherty B Freescale M6P21190 ADS 2 Doherty 3 Doherty, TN702 A 1009-2552(2007) 03-0045 - 06 Doherty, (, 430074) Doherty WCDMA ADS, 35 (45. 4dBm), ACLR - 55dBc WCDMA ; ; Doherty ; ; PAE Design of linearized Doherty power amplifier GENG Zhi, GUO Wei (Department

More information

Dual-band Dipole Antenna for ISO /ISO Passive RFID Tag Applications

Dual-band Dipole Antenna for ISO /ISO Passive RFID Tag Applications Dual-band Dipole Antenna for ISO 18-6/ISO 18-4 Passive RFID Tag Applications Seunggil Jeon (1), Yeonsik Yu (1), Sungtek Kahng (2), Juderk Park (3), NaeSoo Kim (3), Jaehoon Choi (1) * (1)Department of Electrical

More information

Design System Designer RF Analog - Designer Ptolemy Simulator System level - Designer E D A - s Modelsim RTL EDGE GSM WLAN Numeric Ptolemy Timed NC-Ve

Design System Designer RF Analog - Designer Ptolemy Simulator System level - Designer E D A - s Modelsim RTL EDGE GSM WLAN Numeric Ptolemy Timed NC-Ve Content Reprint Advanced Design System for Designer E D A 21 GPRS WCDMA TDS-CDMA IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11g PDA CICeNews-23 CIC Agilent Advanced 1 Design System Designer RF Analog - Designer

More information

DATASHEET SEARCH SITE |

DATASHEET SEARCH SITE | 2 18 GHz Ultra Low Noise Pseudomorphic HEMT Technical Data ATF-3677 Features PHEMT Technology Ultra-Low Noise Figure:.5 db Typical at 12 GHz.3 db Typical at 4 GHz High Associated Gain: 12 db Typical at

More information

6 7 EPCOS S+M 4 = å r =21, 7 GHz Q 7 200, MgTiO 3 -CaTiO 3 å r =38 7 GHz Q (Zr Sn)TiO 4 å r = GHz Q Ba(Zr Zn Ta)O 3 å r

6 7 EPCOS S+M 4 = å r =21, 7 GHz Q 7 200, MgTiO 3 -CaTiO 3 å r =38 7 GHz Q (Zr Sn)TiO 4 å r = GHz Q Ba(Zr Zn Ta)O 3 å r 6 Vol.23 No.6 2004 6 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & MATERIALS Jun. 2004 1 2 3 4 5 TM28 TN61 A 1001-2028 2004 06-0006-04 Development of Microwave Dielectric Materials and Its Applications ZHANG Jin-tai 1, XU Sai-qing

More information

3.1.doc

3.1.doc SMEMA FIDUCIAL MARK STANDARD Standard 3.1 1.0 SCOPE: This SMEMA standard is for fiducial marks. It was developed to facilitate the accurate placement of components on printed circuit boards. SMEMA standards

More information

Microsoft Word - AN95007.doc

Microsoft Word - AN95007.doc Understanding VCO Concepts OSCILLATOR FUNDAMENTALS An oscillator circuit can be modeled as shown in Figure 1 as the combination of an amplifier with gain A (jω) and a feedback network β (jω), having frequency-dependent

More information

第1讲-电磁兼容导论.ppt

第1讲-电磁兼容导论.ppt Advanced EMC +62784709 13601024327 hejl@tsinghua.edu.cn 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 EMC 2 1 166.111.63.4:1021 emc 303 3 1975 7 14 25 26 50 700 21 4 0 400GHz EMC 1994 25 5 6 1.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility

More information

Yageo Chip Antenna Sum V doc

Yageo Chip Antenna Sum V doc 1 Yageo - Chip Antenna Version :Step. 2010 Features : Embedded antenna - small antennas with moderate gain and efficiency performance Ultra compact - various sizes (2012, 3012, 3216, 4018, 5010, 5320,

More information

( ) T arget R ecogn ition),,,,,,, ( IFF, Iden tification F riend o r Foe),,,,,,, ( N CTR, N on2 Cooperative T arget R ecogn ition), (

( ) T arget R ecogn ition),,,,,,, ( IFF, Iden tification F riend o r Foe),,,,,,, ( N CTR, N on2 Cooperative T arget R ecogn ition), ( V o l. 33, N o. 11 N ovem ber, 2008 F ire Contro l and Comm and Contro l 33 11 2008 11 : 100220640 (2008) 1120005203 1, 1, 1, 2, 1 (11, 100072, 21, 100072) :,,,, g :,,, : TN 97111 : A The Iden tif ication

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - Pres_ansoft_elettronica.ppt

Microsoft PowerPoint - Pres_ansoft_elettronica.ppt 1,5-40 GHz Meander Spiral Antenna Simulation and Design Presenter: Fabrizio Trotta Ansoft Corporation Application Introduction Design Specification Antenna Topology Numerical Method Approach Design Methodology

More information

DSCHA Jun 06

DSCHA Jun 06 CHA3666 RoHS COMPLIANT 6-17GHz Low Noise Amplifier GaAs Monolithic Microwave IC Description The CHA3666 is a two-stage self biased wide band monolithic low noise amplifier. D1 D2 The circuit is manufactured

More information

RF Balum Transformers integrated circuit is a common application of these devices. Figure 4 shows the first mixer stage and second mixer stage of a re

RF Balum Transformers integrated circuit is a common application of these devices. Figure 4 shows the first mixer stage and second mixer stage of a re Application Note RF Balun Transformers Introduction This application note is designed to help the reader understand how balun transformers can be used in today s RF/Microwave communication applications.

More information

Microsoft Word - Lecture 24 notes, 322, v2.doc

Microsoft Word - Lecture 24 notes, 322, v2.doc Whites, EE 322 Lecture 24 Page 1 of 10 Lecture 24: Oscillators. Clapp Oscillator. VFO Startup Oscillators are circuits that produce periodic output voltages, such as sinusoids. They accomplish this feat

More information

amp_b3.PDF

amp_b3.PDF San Jose State University Department of Electrical Engineering ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SENIOR PROJECT Microwave Amplifier Design (part 3) by Steve Garcia Jaime Cordoba Inderpreet Obhi December 15, 2003

More information

1262 PIERS Proceedings, Beijing, China, March 23 27, 2009 with the tag IC, the gap width of the capacitive coupling structure was varied to tune the i

1262 PIERS Proceedings, Beijing, China, March 23 27, 2009 with the tag IC, the gap width of the capacitive coupling structure was varied to tune the i Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Beijing, China, March 23 27, 2009 1261 A Metal Tag Antenna for Passive UHF RFID Applications Hsien-Wen Liu, Yu-Shu Lin, Kuo-Hsien Wu, and Chang-Fa Yang

More information

untitled

untitled ( RF Application list Application Wireless mouse Wireless Keyboard Wireless joystick FRS (Family Radio Service) Remote control Car alarm Home security Cordless phone Video sender Wireless earphone microphone

More information

Microsoft Word - LAB 2 non-linear LNA.doc

Microsoft Word - LAB 2 non-linear LNA.doc LAB 2. Non-linearity in LNA Objective: 1. One-tone test 2. two-tone test 3. Bias circuit design 4. Noise Circle and Input matching 5. Output matching for maximum gain 6. Final matching network design One-tone

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - Lecture-08.ppt

Microsoft PowerPoint - Lecture-08.ppt Introduction to Algorithms 6.046J/18.401J Lecture 8 Prof. Piotr Indyk Data structures Previous lecture: hash tables Insert, Delete, Search in (expected) constant time Works for integers from {0 m r -1}

More information

PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint Presentation Sizing Handbook I 6 to 10 10w, w or 5w (3 to 4), w < Note: Port sizing guidelines are not inviolable rules true in all cases. For example, if meeting te eigt and widt requirements outlined result in a

More information

Balun Design

Balun Design 1 of 6 Balun Design In the design of mixers, push-pull amplifiers, baluns are used to link a symmetrical (balanced) circuit to a asymmetrical (unbalanced) circuit. Baluns are designed to have a precise

More information

APPLI002.DOC

APPLI002.DOC SIEGET 25 Silicon Bipolar- Dielectric Resonator Oscillator (DRO) at 10 GHz Oscillators represent the basic microwave energy source for all microwave systems such as radar, communications and navigation.

More information

BranchLine Coupler - Quadrature

BranchLine Coupler - Quadrature of 3 () Branchine oupler - Quadrature Zo Zo λ/4 90 NOTE This device is sensitive to load mismatches. () ange oupler (Quadrature) Output oupled φ90 Broadband coupling 3dB 0dB Quadrature Input λ/4 Directive

More information

Title

Title Broadband Microstrip-Fed Modified Quasi-Yagi Antenna Shih-Yuan Chen and Powen Hsu Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei

More information

Filter Design in Thirty Seconds

Filter Design in Thirty Seconds Application Report SLOA093 December 2001 Filter Design in Thirty Seconds Bruce Carter High Performance Analog ABSTRACT Need a filter fast? No theory, very little math just working filter designs, and in

More information

HBCU-5710r Dec11

HBCU-5710r Dec11 HSMP-3816 High Linearity PIN Diode Pi Attenuator Using a Diode Quad in Low Cost SOT-2 Package Application Note 262 Introduction Avago Technologies HSMP-3816 consists of four high linearity PIN diodes in

More information

Presentation - Advanced Planar Antenna Designs for Wireless Devices

Presentation - Advanced Planar Antenna Designs for Wireless Devices 2003-11 Ansoft Workshop Advanced Planar Antenna Designs for Wireless Devices 翁金輅 (Kin-Lu Wong) 國立中山大學電機系 Dept. of Electrical Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan E-mail:

More information

TB215.doc

TB215.doc 2 1 C5 10uF +28 V C4 R3 3.9k C8 R5 1k C18 R10 3.9k C23 10uF D1 5.6V D2 5.6V C11 10uF D3 5.6V L6 B P1 10k L3 P2 10k L5 P3 10k L7 B R2 9.1k R4 C6 SP201 C7 T1 R6 9.1k C9 R8 C12 L4 C13 T2 C16 T3 T4a R11 9.1k

More information

pages.pdf

pages.pdf A Novel Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna for WLAN Application R.J. Lin, M. Ye School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China Keywords: dual-band; microstrip

More information

A Miniature GPS Planar Chip Antenna Integrated with Low Noise Amplifier

A Miniature GPS Planar Chip Antenna Integrated with Low Noise Amplifier A Miniature GPS Planar Chip Antenna Integrated with Low Noise Amplifier 1 Chao-Wei Wang*, Yen-Ming Chen, Chang-Fa Yang Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - seminaari 26_5_04_antenniteknologiat.ppt

Microsoft PowerPoint - seminaari 26_5_04_antenniteknologiat.ppt Antenna technologies Antenna technologies Current status trends Outlook to different antenna solutions, examples Summary, challenges for the future Current status trends dual-band GSM tri-band GSM GPS

More information

A stair-shaped slot antenna for the triple-band WLAN applications

A stair-shaped slot antenna for the triple-band WLAN applications of the constructed prototype at 5800 MHz (center frequency of the 5.8-GHz band), and similar directional radiation patterns are also obtained. Figure 5 shows the measured peak antenna gain for operating

More information

Novel 2-D Photonic Bandgap Structure For Microstrip Lines - IEEE Microwa ve and Guided Wave Letters

Novel 2-D Photonic Bandgap Structure For Microstrip Lines - IEEE Microwa
ve and Guided Wave Letters IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS, VOL. 8, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 1998 69 Novel 2-D Photonic Bandgap Structure for Microstrip Lines Vesna Radisic, Student Member, IEEE, Yongxi Qian, Member, IEEE, Roberto

More information

CSTHandOut

CSTHandOut CST DESIGN STUDIO TM, CST PARTICLE STUDIO TM - 1 - Linking MATLAB and CST STUDIO USER NOTE This user note is centered on the use of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST MWS) with MATLAB. MATLAB is a scientific computing

More information

SGS-Apache BQB proposal_04_11_2003

SGS-Apache BQB proposal_04_11_2003 BQB qualification FCC/CE/e-mark/ITA service 2003 Apr. 11, 2003 BQB Qualification Service Apache/SGS Bluetooth Products Qualification Service SIG Cat. A standard be performed since Jan., 2003 All of RF

More information

2272 S Gabriel et al When applied to a subsection of the data, over the frequency range of a well characterized dispersion region, such an analysis ca

2272 S Gabriel et al When applied to a subsection of the data, over the frequency range of a well characterized dispersion region, such an analysis ca Phys. Med. Biol. 41 (1996) 2271 2293. Printed in the UK The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues S Gabriel, R W Lau and C Gabriel Physics

More information

Directional Couplers.doc

Directional Couplers.doc Directional ouplers [] THE QUADRATURE (90 ) HYBRID The Hybrid coupler is often made of microstrip or stripline as shown in Figure. The microstrip form is also pictured in Figure 2. These couplers are 3

More information

Full Band Waveguide-to-Microstrip Probe Transitions - Microwave Symposium Digest, 1999 IEEE MTT-S International

Full Band Waveguide-to-Microstrip Probe Transitions - Microwave Symposium Digest, 1999 IEEE MTT-S International THlB-5 Full Band Waveguide-to-Microstrip Probe Transitions Yoke-Choy Leong' and Sander Weinreb2 'Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 Jet Propulsion

More information

Microsoft Word - M3_PB_IPJ_Monza3DuraProductBrief_ _R6.doc

Microsoft Word - M3_PB_IPJ_Monza3DuraProductBrief_ _R6.doc UHF Gen 2 RFID Tag Chip (IPJ-P5002-D2) Monza 3 Dura Features High sensitivity coupled with superior interference rejection yields excellent tag performance even when buried deep within a pallet of RF-absorbing

More information

Microsoft Word - SLVU2.8-4 Rev04.doc

Microsoft Word - SLVU2.8-4 Rev04.doc Low Capacitance TVS Array Description The is low capacitance transient voltage suppressor for high speed data interface that designed to protect sensitive electronics from damage or latch-up due to ESD

More information

AWT6166_Rev_0.3.PMD

AWT6166_Rev_0.3.PMD FEATURES Integrated Vreg (regulated supply) Harmonic Performance 25 High Efficiency (PAE) at Pmax: GSM850, 54% GSM900, 56% DCS, 53% PCS, 51% +35 GSM850/900 Output Power at 3.5 V +33 DCS/PCS Output Power

More information

lumprlc.fm

lumprlc.fm Ansoft HFSS Engineering Note Lumped RLC Elements in HFSS Version 8 In Ansoft s High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), a specified impedance boundary condition has always referred to field values because

More information

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium 27, Prague, Czech Republic, August W1 H Feed Line Z L2 L1 W2 X Y Radiating Patch L3 I-Shaped Sl

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium 27, Prague, Czech Republic, August W1 H Feed Line Z L2 L1 W2 X Y Radiating Patch L3 I-Shaped Sl 158 PIERS Proceedings, August 27, Prague, Czech Republic, 27 A Novel Antenna Design for UHF RFID Tag on Metallic Objects Youngman Um 1, Uisheon Kim 1, Wonmo Seong 2, and Jaehoon Choi 1 1 Department of

More information

FSA W Low Voltage Dual DPDT Analog Switch

FSA W Low Voltage Dual DPDT Analog Switch 0.4: Low Voltage Dual DPDT Analog Switch General Description The FSA2467 is a Dual Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) analog switch. The FSA2467 operates from a single 1.65V to 4.3V supply. The FSA2467 features

More information

untitled

untitled S http://www.mweda.com ADS Momentum Patch Antenna microstrip line circuit high Qbroadside directivity( end-fired antenna) feed in cavityads(advanced Design System) feed in Transmission Line Feed 1 feedfeed

More information

untitled

untitled Compact Metamaterial High Isolation MIMO Antenna Subsystem Cheng-Jung Lee, Maha Achour, and Ajay Gummalla Rayspan Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA Cheng@rayspan.com Introduction The use of multiple antennas

More information

書名:

書名: 8 I/O Circuit Package 8-2 VLSI / 8.1 I/O Circuit Schematic entry Layout I/O Circuit I/O IC [33] IC µm IC mm Bonding wire Bonding wire µm IC 8-1 Dual In line Package (DIP) Die Bonding Pad Bonding Wire Bonding

More information

Integrated microstrip and rectangular waveguide in planar form - IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters [see also IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters]

Integrated microstrip and rectangular waveguide in planar form - IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters [see also IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters] 68 IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 11, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2001 Integrated Microstrip and Rectangular Waveguide in Planar Form Dominic Deslandes and Ke Wu, Fellow, IEEE Abstract Usually

More information

4.2 DC Bias

4.2 DC Bias 1 of Microwave Bipolar/FET Bias circuits F/Microwave transistors/fet s require some form of circuit to set the correct bias conditions for a particular F performance. There are two main types used an active

More information

Special Materials in CST STUDIO SUITE 2012

Special Materials in CST STUDIO SUITE 2012 Modelling Thin Materials in CST STUDIO SUITE 2012 Lossy Metal Ohmic Sheets Tabulated Surface Impedance Thin Panel Various Material Types Material types Available in which solvers? * FIT TLM *Apart from

More information

Microsoft Word - nAN900-04_rev2_1.doc

Microsoft Word - nAN900-04_rev2_1.doc nan900-04 1. General Gerber files for RF layouts have been made for Nordic Semiconductor s nrf905 Single Chip 433/868/915MHz RF Transceiver [1]. A loop antenna for 433MHz has also been made available.

More information

3152 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 52, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2004 (c) Fig. 2. y z plane radiation patterns ofoma computed using FDTD

3152 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 52, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2004 (c) Fig. 2. y z plane radiation patterns ofoma computed using FDTD IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 52, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2004 3151 An Omnidirectional Planar Microstrip Antenna Randy Bancroft and Blaine Bateman Abstract A new omnidirectional printed

More information

HFSS Antenna Design Kit

HFSS Antenna Design Kit Ansoft HFSS Antenna Design Kit Arien Sligar 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Overview of HFSS Antenna Design Kit GUI-based wizard tool Automates geometry creation, solution

More information

渐 变 槽 线 天 线 的 研 究 及 其 在 移 动 通 信 基 站 中 的 应 用 作 者 : 沈 薇 学 位 授 予 单 位 : 东 南 大 学 本 文 链 接 :http://d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/thesis_y1039826.aspx 易 迪 拓 培 训 专 注 于 微 波 射 频 天 线 设 计 人 才 的 培 养 网 址 :http://www.edatop.com

More information

西 安 电 子 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 人 体 对 移 动 通 信 手 机 天 线 辐 射 特 性 的 影 响 姓 名 : 郑 婕 申 请 学 位 级 别 : 硕 士 专 业 : 生 物 医 学 工 程 指 导 教 师 : 赵 建 勋 20090101 易 迪 拓 培 训 专 注

More information

Hybrid of Monopole and Dipole Antennas for Concurrent 2.4- and 5-GHz WLAN Access Point

Hybrid of Monopole and Dipole Antennas for Concurrent 2.4- and 5-GHz WLAN Access Point Hybrid of Monopole and Dipole Antennas for Concurrent 2.4- and 5-GHz WLAN Access Point Saou-Wen Su 1, Jui-Hung Chou 2 Network Access Strategic Business Unit Lite-On Technology Corp., No. 9, Chien I Road,

More information

Combline Cavity Filter Design in HFSS

Combline Cavity Filter Design in HFSS Presented by Jim Reed of Optimal Designs 3 Pole Cavity Combline Filter to be used in Demonstration for Filter Tuning Simulated / Measured Data for Real World Example, Compliments of Sierra Microwave Technologies

More information

192 IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 5, 2006 This method can be applied to all kinds of antennas in any environment and it becomes

192 IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 5, 2006 This method can be applied to all kinds of antennas in any environment and it becomes IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 5, 2006 191 Calculation of Small Antennas Quality Factor Using FDTD Method S. Collardey, A. Sharaiha, Member, IEEE, and K. Mahdjoubi, Member, IEEE Abstract

More information

Microsoft Word - APMC譛€邨ゆク雁さV2.0.doc

Microsoft Word - APMC譛€邨ゆク雁さV2.0.doc Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference 2006 Wideband Slotline-to-Rectangular Waveguide Transition Using Truncated Bow-Tie Antenna Ruei -Ying Fang and Chun-Long Wang Department of Electronics

More information

New compact six-band internal antenna - Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

New compact six-band internal antenna - Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 3, 2004 295 New Compact Six-Band Internal Antenna Yong-Xin Guo, Member, IEEE, and Hwee Siang Tan Abstract A novel compact six-band internal handset

More information

DDR2 Signal Quality Analysis on VIA PC Board

DDR2 Signal Quality Analysis on VIA PC Board GDA Technologies, Inc. DDR2 Signal Integrity Version 1.0 DDR2 Signal Quality Analysis Introduction GDA System Engineering has been designing around complex memory subsystems for nearly ten years. As more

More information

Microsoft Word - Differential Circuit Comparison App note_B.doc

Microsoft Word - Differential Circuit Comparison App note_B.doc Sisonic and ECM in Circuits Date: Author: 20.Jan.2005 Bill Ryan Benefits of Circuits amplifiers are desirable to use in audio applications, especially those where signal levels are very low such as those

More information

Balun Design

Balun Design 1 of 6 Balun Design In the design of mixers, push-pull amplifiers, baluns are used to link a symmetrical (balanced) circuit to a asymmetrical (unbalanced) circuit. Baluns are designed to have a precise

More information

rd 5.7 = = = 1. cm (II-4) fd 9 This is more of what we are looking for. If we would use a frequency of 900 MHz this even reduces to 6.cm (assumed ε r

rd 5.7 = = = 1. cm (II-4) fd 9 This is more of what we are looking for. If we would use a frequency of 900 MHz this even reduces to 6.cm (assumed ε r Printed Dipole Antenna Reto Zingg Abstract In this project a printed dipole antenna is being designed. Printed dipole antennas are of interest, when an electronic product, which is implemented on a printed

More information

High-Q RF-MEMS Tunable Evanescent-Mode Cavity Filter

High-Q RF-MEMS Tunable Evanescent-Mode Cavity Filter High-Q RF-MEMS Tunable Evanescent-Mode Cavity Filter Sang-June Park, Isak Reines, and Gabriel Rebeiz Qualcomm Incorporated San Diego, CA 92121 University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093 Abstract

More information

Practical RF Printed Circuit Board Design

Practical RF Printed Circuit Board Design PRACTICAL RF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD DESIGN Geoff Smithson. Overview The electrical characteristics of the printed circuit board (PCB) used to physically mount and connect the circuit components in a high

More information

3 MIMO 2 l WLAN FIR l0 t l -t l0 l60 l6 T 64 l6 GI 80 0 OFDM 2 64 OFDM OFDM l6 CP CP FFT Viterbi G 2 3 IEEE802.lla CSI ChanneI State Information l GI

3 MIMO 2 l WLAN FIR l0 t l -t l0 l60 l6 T 64 l6 GI 80 0 OFDM 2 64 OFDM OFDM l6 CP CP FFT Viterbi G 2 3 IEEE802.lla CSI ChanneI State Information l GI OFDM-WLAN 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 450002 2 710077 E-mail gjx516@sohu.com IEEE802.11a OFDM-WLAN OFDM-WLAN WLAN 1002-8331- 2004 04-0022-04 A TN925.93 Modeling and Simulation for OFDM-WLAN Systems with Multiple Antennas

More information

*P Q RSS &T OO!! " #$% "" " "&! "! (! " "! " "! ) " *! +, -."/0! 1 23! )+4 5! * " 6&73 " F M <6&,3 = ; - <,3 => -&A4">3 %<,3B /0C D E? > 1&>">3 6

*P Q RSS &T OO!!  #$%   &! ! (!  !  ! )  *! +, -./0! 1 23! )+4 5! *  6&73  F M <6&,3 = ; - <,3 => -&A4>3 %<,3B /0C D E? > 1&>>3 6 BE A DCCB 0 12345!627*#8429!:;< :lp~be5l~a 14*@HI/JK I *>20*@FL F4*>@F;6)450*> "MNOPQPNRSOPTUVWTXOSYQWYPPVWYQ@Z[P\WXYQ]YW^PV_WU

More information

CBW = Ri BW = - n*gd Table 3. Normalized coupling matrix for filter Wire diameter: 0.075inch I R1 =0.9

CBW = Ri BW = - n*gd Table 3. Normalized coupling matrix for filter Wire diameter: 0.075inch I R1 =0.9 High Performance Helical Resonator Filters Ming Yu and Van Dokas COM DEV Ltd, 155 Sheldon Dr., Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, NIR 7H6 ming.yu@ieee.org Abstract - Complex filter functions are realized using

More information

Thus, the antenna has the ability to receive both vertically and horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves, which can be proven beneficial in indoo

Thus, the antenna has the ability to receive both vertically and horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves, which can be proven beneficial in indoo PIFA Planar Inverted F Antenna Iulian Rosu, YO3DAC / VA3IUL http://www.qsl.net/va3iul The Inverted F Antenna (IFA) typically consists of a rectangular planar element located above a ground plane, a short

More information

Application Note template form-tc-004f

Application Note template form-tc-004f _äìé`çêé» Optimising Current Consumption in CSR Products October 2006 CSR Cambridge Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 0WH United Kingdom Registered in England 4187346 Tel: +44 (0)1223 692000 Fax:

More information

ims2001_TUIF_28_1659_CD.PDF

ims2001_TUIF_28_1659_CD.PDF Bias Circuits for GaAs HBT Power Amplifiers Esko Järvinen, Sami Kalajo, Mikko Matilainen* Nokia Mobile Phones, Itämerenkatu 11-13, FIN-00180, Helsinki, Finland *Nokia Research Center, Itämerenkatu 11-13,

More information

A low-profile planar monopole antenna for multiband operation of mobile handsets - Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on

A low-profile planar monopole antenna for multiband operation of mobile handsets - Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 51, NO. 1, JANUARY 2003 121 A Low-Profile Planar Monopole Antenna for Multiband Operation of Mobile Handsets Kin-Lu Wong, Senior Member, IEEE, Gwo-Yun

More information

50 IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 16, NO. 1, JANUARY 2006 Fig. 2. Geometry of the three-section PSL power divider. Fig. 5. Schem

50 IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 16, NO. 1, JANUARY 2006 Fig. 2. Geometry of the three-section PSL power divider. Fig. 5. Schem IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 16, NO. 1, JANUARY 2006 49 A Wideband Compact Parallel-Strip 180 Wilkinson Power Divider for Push Pull Circuitries L. Chiu, Student Member, IEEE, T.

More information

Triple-band triangular-shaped meander monopole antenna with two coupled lines

Triple-band triangular-shaped meander monopole antenna with two coupled lines TRIPLE-BAND TRIANGULAR-SHAPED MEANDER MONOPOLE ANTENNA WITH TWO COUPLED LINES Horng-Dean Chen Department of Electronic Engineering Cheng-Shiu Institute of Technology Kaohsiung, Taiwan 833, R.O.C. Received

More information

untitled

untitled ICSP006 Proceedings Analysis and Simulation of UHF RFID System Jin Li, Cheng Tao Modern Telecommunication Institute, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China Email: lijin131@163.com Abstract

More information

RF SYSTEM DESIGN OF TRANSCEIVERS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Qizheng Gu Nokia Mobile Phones, Inc. Q - Springer

RF SYSTEM DESIGN OF TRANSCEIVERS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Qizheng Gu Nokia Mobile Phones, Inc. Q - Springer RF SYSTEM DESIGN OF TRANSCEIVERS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS RF SYSTEM DESIGN OF TRANSCEIVERS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Qizheng Gu Nokia Mobile Phones, Inc. Q - Springer Gu, Qizheng, 1936- RF system

More information

A stair-shaped slot antenna for the triple-band WLAN applications

A stair-shaped slot antenna for the triple-band WLAN applications of the constructed prototype at 5800 MHz (center frequency of the 5.8-GHz band), and similar directional radiation patterns are also obtained. Figure 5 shows the measured peak antenna gain for operating

More information

Antenna Matching for the TRF7960 RFID Reader

Antenna Matching for the TRF7960 RFID Reader Application Report SLOA135 May 2009 Antenna Matching for the TRF7960 RFID Reader John Schillinger... 1 Introduction This paper describes the design method for determining an antenna matching circuit. While

More information

Vortrag Arpad.ppt

Vortrag Arpad.ppt RF Power Amplifier Design Markus Mayer & Holger Arthaber Department of Electrical Measurements and Circuit Design Vienna University of Technology June 11, 21 Contents Basic Amplifier Concepts Class A,

More information

untitled

untitled Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering 28 May 13-15, 28 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia RF Bandpass Tunable Filter using RF MEMS A.H.M. Zahirul Alam, Md. Rafiqul Islam,

More information

APN1013.qxd

APN1013.qxd A Differential VCO Design for GSM Handset Applications Application Note Introduction The differential pair of bipolar transistors is the common building block in modern RF integrated circuits. An advantage

More information

Microsoft Word - Radar Cross Section.doc

Microsoft Word - Radar Cross Section.doc Ansoft HFSS Advanced Training Exercise Radar Cross Section This exercise assumes that you already have some experience with Ansoft HFSS. Therefore, not every button click will be described. 1. Introduction

More information