3200SA Stirrer User Guide

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1 Agilent 3200C Conductivity Meter 电导率仪 Operating Guide 用户手册 Agilent Technologies

2 Notices Agilent Technologies, Inc No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws. Manual Part Number Edition First Edition, March 2012 Printed in China Agilent Technologies, Inc. 412 Ying Lun Road Shanghai P.R. China Warranty The material contained in this document is provided as is, and is subject to being changed, without notice, in future editions. Further, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Agilent disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, with regard to this manual and any information contained herein, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, use, or performance of this document or of any information contained herein. Should Agilent and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that conflict with these terms, the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control. Safety Notices CAUTION A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. WARNING A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

3 Contents 1 Installation 7 Tools and Components needed for Installation 8 Installation of the 3200C Conductivity Meter 9 Installation of electrochemical probes 9 Installing the power adapter 11 Installing the ground line 12 Installing optional software 13 2 Operation 15 Introduction 16 Where to Find Information 16 Agilent customer portal 16 Definition of Terms 16 Cell constant 16 TDS factor 16 Temperature coefficient 16 Proper Use 17 Features 18 Specifications 19 Physical overview 20 The Display 21 The Keypad 22 Instrument Control 23 Turn on the Meter 25 Setup 26 Measuring Mode C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 3

4 Contents Descriptions of the modes 27 Set Manual Temp 29 Set Condition 30 System Setup 31 Descriptions of the System Setup settings 32 Language Select 34 Auto Power Off 34 Set Default 35 Prepare Probes 36 Calibrate 37 To set or calibrate the cell constant (Cell Const) 37 One-Point calibration 37 Two-Point Calibration 40 Manually enter a cell constant 40 To Set or Calibrate the TDS Factor 41 Manually enter the TDS factor 41 Calibrate the TDS factor 41 Temperature Coefficient (Set Temp Coef) 43 Perform a Measurement 44 Choose the correct probe 44 To measure conductivity 45 To measure resistivity 46 To measure temperature 46 To measure TDS 46 Measure TDS from the initial state 46 Measure TDS using the TDS Measuring Mode 46 To measure salinity 47 Measure salinity from the initial screen 47 Measure salinity using the Salinity Measuring Mode 47 To view other parameters while measuring 48 Manage Data C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

5 Contents To save data 49 To delete data 49 To output data 49 To view data 50 To View Saved Cond 50 View conductivity parameter 51 View TDS parameter 52 To Turn off the 3200C Conductivity Meter 53 Software Operation 54 To use the optional G4390A Electrochemical Data Collecting software 54 To use the Data Printing software 54 3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 55 Troubleshooting the 3200C Conductivity Meter 56 General Troubleshooting Procedure 58 Check the temperature measurement 58 Check the conductivity measurement 59 Restore factory default settings 59 To restore factory defaults (Set Default) 59 Meter Self-Diagnostics and Messages 60 Severe errors 60 Error warning 61 Maintenance 63 Probe cleaning 63 Probe storage 63 Consumables and Ordering Information 64 接地线的安装 74 数据打印软件界面操作 C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 5

6 Contents C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

7 Agilent 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 1 Installation Tools and Components needed for Installation 8 Installation of the 3200C Conductivity Meter 9 Agilent Technologies 7

8 1 Installation Tools and Components needed for Installation Agilent provides the tools needed for installation. The following accessories are included in the shipping case. Electrode Holder (G4389A) Conductivity Probe, for example, C5111 Conductivity Probe ( ) Power Adaptor ( ) C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

9 Installation 1 Installation of the 3200C Conductivity Meter Open the 3200C Conductivity Meter shipping case. Remove the meter, electrode holder, and other accessories. Installation of electrochemical probes 1 Place the electrode holder near the meter and move the arm into position. Use the thumbscrews shown in Figure 1 to secure the arm in place. Thumbscrew Thumbscrew Cable tabs Thumbscre Electrode fixture Thumbscrew Base Thumbscrew Figure 1 The electrode holder 2 Clip the conductivity probe and ATC probe into the electrode fixture shown in Figure C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 9

10 1 Installation 3 Route the electrode cable as shown Figure 2. Probes Meter Probe sockets Figure 2 Installed meter and probes C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

11 Installation 1 4 Locate the conductivity and ATC probe sockets on the back of the meter. Plug the C5111 conductivity probe ( ) connector and ATC probe ( ) connector into the sockets on the rear of the meter. See Figure 3. Ground ATC probe socket Conductivity probe socket USB Power (DC 9V 800mA) Figure 3 The back view of the 3200C Conductivity Meter Installing the power adapter A universal power adapter is included with the 3200C. The power adapter operates at VAC, 1 A, 50/60 Hz. The output from the power adapter is 9 VDC 1 A. CAUTION Do not use any other power adapter with the 3200C. 1 The power adapter includes several outlet adapters. Choose the appropriate outlet adapter for the power outlets in your country. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 11

12 1 Installation 2 Slide the outlet adapter on to the two metal prongs on the power adapter. A click will be heard when the plug is properly engaged. See Figure 4. power adapter outlet adapter Figure 4 Assembling the power adapter Installing the ground line 3 Connect the power adapter cord to the power socket on the back of the meter. See Figure 3 on page 11. The meter provides a ground line, but it is not necessary to install it during measurement. Sometimes, equipment such as a constant temperature bath can be a source of interference, leading to unstable readings. In order to shield from an electromagnetic field, the ground line must be installed to avoid electrical leaking. To shield the wire, connect one terminal with the meter, and the other terminal with the source of interference C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

13 Installation 1 Installing optional software If purchased, install the optional G4390A Electrochemical Data Collecting Software now. The software provides communications between the meter and a computer. Connect the computer to the meter with a USB cable. See the G4390A software documentation for more information. If not using the G4390A software, Agilent provides downloadable data printing software on the Agilent Customer Portal (see Agilent customer portal on page 16) To use this software, download it from the portal and install it. Then connect the meter to the PC using the USB cable. Refer to the data printing software documentation for more information. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 13

14 1 Installation C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

15 Agilent 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 2 Operation Introduction 16 Instrument Control 23 Turn on the Meter 25 Setup 26 Prepare Probes 36 Calibrate 37 Temperature Coefficient (Set Temp Coef) 43 Perform a Measurement 44 Manage Data 49 To Turn off the 3200C Conductivity Meter 53 Software Operation 54 This section describes the operation of the 3200C Conductivity Meter. There are five major steps to measure conductivity with the meter: Meter setup ( Setup on page 26) Prepare the conductivity probe ( Prepare Probes on page 36) Set or calibrate the cell constant ( Calibrate on page 37) Set the temperature coefficient ( Temperature Coefficient (Set Temp Coef) on page 43) Measure conductivity ( Perform a Measurement on page 44) In each phase of operation, the LCD displays the current state of the meter. Agilent Technologies 15

16 2 Operation Introduction Where to Find Information Definition of Terms This document describes how to install, operate, maintain, and troubleshoot the 3200C Conductivity Meter. Before operating your meter, be sure to read the meter installation and operation information. Agilent customer portal Agilent also provides customized information for the products you own through a customer portal. This web service provides many customizable services as well as information related directly to your Agilent products and orders. Log onto the portal at Cell constant The cell constant of a pair of platinum sheets is the ratio of distance between the two sheets to the area of each sheet. The ratio is measured in cm -1. TDS factor The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) factor is the factor to convert conductivity to TDS. Temperature coefficient The temperature coefficient is the % change of conductivity with temperature in %/ C C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

17 Operation 2 Proper Use To avoid common safety issues: Ground the meter using the ground line connected to the back of the meter. The meter can be used continuously for a long time. After each measurement, soak the conductivity probe in distilled water. If an electrode is out of use for more than 6 hours, rinse and store it in a protective container. Improper positioning of the conductivity probe can result in abnormal measurements. When immersing the conductivity probe in a sample solution, place the conductivity probe in a location where the solution can flow freely around the probe. CAUTION Do not expose to corrosive gas. Keep the sockets on the back of the meter clean and dry. Do not allow contact with acid, alkaline, or salt solutions. CAUTION Only use the power adapter included with the meter. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 17

18 2 Operation Features The Agilent 3200C Conductivity Meter is a state-of-the-art and customer-friendly benchtop analytical instrument, which is designed for highly accurate measurements of conductivity, resistivity, TDS, and salinity in aqueous solutions. It can also measure purity of water and the salinity (NaCl) of sea water in a desalination process. The meter can measure temperature and conductivity simultaneously. 3200C Conductivity Meter features include: Measurement of conductivity, resistivity, TDS, salinity, and temperature Auto temperature compensation, auto-calibration, auto-range, and auto-frequency switch over the entire measuring range User calibrated cell constants or TDS factors A clear dot-matrix LCD display GLP norm for conductivity, TDS, and salinity including recorded operator numbers, operation history, calibration data, and 200 sets of measurement data The ability to view, output, and delete stored data Three measuring modes to meet the needs of various users: Continuous Mode Timed Reading (Timed Reading Mode) Auto-Lock Reading (Auto-Lock Reading Mode) USB PC connectivity with available communication software Power-off protection. When the meter is manually or automatically shut off, the stored measuring data, calibration data, and setting parameters will not be lost. A back-lit design that can be used to take measurements in a dark environment A durable key pad C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

19 Operation 2 Specifications Measuring range Conductivity Resistivity TDS µs/cm 2000 ms/cm 5.00 cm M.cm mg/l 1000 g/l Salinity % Temperature C Accuracy Temperature resolution 0.1 C Conductivity Resistivity TDS ±0.5% (FS) ±0.5% (FS) ±0.5% (FS) Salinity ±0.1% Normal working conditions Environmental temperature 0 40 C Relative humidity <=85% Power supply Power input Power output Size Weight Power adaptor UE15WCP SPA VAC, 1 A 9 VDC, 1 A (length width height, mm): about 1 kg CAUTION Do not use where nearby vibrations will affect the performance. Do not use if corrosive gas is in the air. Do not use near strong electromagnetic fields. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 19

20 2 Operation Physical overview The Agilent 3200C Conductivity Meter is composed of a meter and a probe system. The probe system contains a conductivity probe and an ATC probe held by the electrode holder. See Figure 5, Figure 6, and Figure 7. Electrode holder Display screen Keypad Meter Conductivity probe ATC probe Figure 5 The meter, electrode holder, and probes Display screen Keypad Figure 6 The front view of the 3200C Conductivity Meter C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

21 Operation 2 Ground ATC probe socket Conductivity probe socket USB Power (DC 9V 800mA) Figure 7 The back view of the Agilent 3200C Conductivity Meter The Display The left side of the screen shows current system time and the right side shows the current measuring mode, parameter, cell constant, and temperature coefficient. Figure 8 The display During operation, the display shows the working condition and current meter settings. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 21

22 2 Operation The Keypad The keypad has 15 keys. All keys have double functions except for [Enter], [Cancel], and [On/Off]. Functionality automatically changes based on context. Key functions are listed in the Table 1 on page 23: Figure 9 Keypad Uses for the 3200C Conductivity Meter Conductivity is a measure of a material s ability to conduct an electric current. The meter measures the conductivity of solutions with high accuracy. When equipped with a probe with the proper cell constant, the conductivity meter can measure the conductivity of ultra pure water. Users can select different probes each with a different cell constant to match the expected conductivity of samples to be measured. Refer to the final packing list for the probes that are shipped C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

23 Operation 2 Instrument Control The 3200C Conductivity Meter is usually controlled by the keypad. Most keys have two functions. Functionality automatically changes based on context. Key functions are listed in the Table 1: Table 1 Keypad functions Button Function 1 Function 2 Type the number 1. Output data when viewing stored or calibrated data. Type the number 2. Move the selection cursor upward when selecting. Type the number 3. Store measurement data. Type the number 4. Move the selection cursor left when selecting. Type the number 5. Type the number 6. Opens the Setup menu and also is used as a general select button. Move the selection cursor right when selecting. Type the number 7. View stored or calibrated data. Type the number 8. Move the selection cursor down when selecting. Type the number 9. Switch the display window or parameter when measuring. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 23

24 2 Operation Table 1 Keypad functions Button Function 1 Function 2 Type the number 0. Begin measurement. Type a decimal point. Calibrate probe. Type a negative number. Delete the data being viewed. Meter power switch. Alternately, the 3200C Conductivity Meter can be controlled through a computer. For how to connect to a computer and how to use data collecting software (the software is optional), refer to installation help in the DVD shipped with the meter C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

25 Operation 2 Turn on the Meter 1 Press [On/Off] to turn on the meter. When the meter is powered on, the display shows the Agilent logo, the meter model, and other information. 2 After the self-check is completed, the display shows the initial state. See Figure 10. The left side shows the system time. The right side shows the setting: measuring mode, parameter, cell constant, and temperature coefficient. Figure 10 The initial state 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 25

26 2 Operation Setup Figure 11 The setup screen Measuring Mode This meter supports three measuring modes including Continuous Mode, Timed Reading Mode, and Auto-Lock Reading Mode. To set the measuring mode: 1 From the initial state, press [Setup]. The setup screen appears. See Figure Use the directional arrow keys to navigate to Measuring Mode. 3 Press [Enter] to select Measuring Mode. If you need to go back after selecting a menu item, press [Cancel] to exit. 4 The Measuring Mode screen displays Parameters on the left and Modes on the right. See Figure 12. Check marks indicate the current selections in use. Figure 12 Select a measuring mode C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

27 Operation 2 5 Choose a parameter to display on the initial screen during measurement. Use the arrow keys to highlight the desired parameter and press [Setup] to select it. A check appears next to the selected parameter. During measurement, you can still view, save and print the other two parameters. See To view other parameters while measuring on page 48. The parameter choices are conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and salinity. 6 Use the arrow keys to highlight the desired mode and press [Setup] to select it. See Descriptions of the modes on page 27 for more information. A check appears next to the selected mode. 7 Press [Enter] to save the new setup, exit Setup, and return to the initial state. Press [Cancel] to exit Setup without saving changes and return to the initial state. The new parameters and measuring mode are displayed as shown in Figure 13. Figure 13 Measuring mode displayed Descriptions of the modes Continuous Mode The meter will simply continue measuring, calculating, and displaying the data. It is up to the user to manually save data or end the measurement. This is the most frequently used measuring mode. When measurement begins, the meter continuously measures, calculates, and displays the results. You can view the calibrated parameter, calibrate the probe, save, or print results at any time during measurement. To end a measurement, press [Cancel] followed by [Enter]. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 27

28 2 Operation Timed Reading The meter will automatically save measurement data periodically while measuring. When you select Timed Reading, specify a time interval from 1 to 99 minutes. The default time interval is 10 minutes. When measurement begins, the meter calculates and displays results as it normally does. When the set interval time elapses, the meter automatically stores the data and continues measuring. Data is constantly recorded at the specified time interval. If the USB interface is connected to a PC with the Data Printing Software installed, the meter can print the data. Read about Auto Delete before using this mode. See Descriptions of the System Setup settings on page 32. To end a measurement run, press [Cancel] followed by [Enter]. Auto-Lock Mode The meter will stop measuring when recorded values stabilize enough to fall within a set precision and length of time. Before performing a measurement in Auto-Lock reading mode, set the Auto-Lock conditions (see Set Condition on page 30). When the measurement begins, the meter automatically measures, calculates, and displays the results. Once the measurements meet the preset Auto-Lock condition, the measurement finishes and the screen locks with the final readings. You can view the calibrated parameter, calibrate the probe, save, or print results at any time during measurement. After measurement, you can save and print the results. Press [Cancel] to exit measuring mode or press [Measure] to begin the next measurement C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

29 Operation 2 Set Manual Temp If the meter is connected to an ATC probe, the probe will supply a temperature value for the meter. If an ATC probe is not connected to the meter, the user must enter a temperature value manually. NOTE If the measuring parameter is set to SALI, the meter uses a temperature of 18 C. To set the manual temperature: 1 From the initial state, press [Setup]. The setup screen appears. See Figure 11 on page Use the directional arrow keys to navigate to Set Manual Temp. 3 Press [Enter] to select Set Manual Temp or press [Cancel] to exit. 4 The Set Manual Temp screen appears on the display. See Figure 14. Figure 14 Set Manual Temp 5 With the Manual Temp value highlighted, press [Setup] to edit the value. 6 Use the numeric keys to enter a temperature. 7 Press [Enter] to save the new setup, exit, and return to the initial state. Press [Cancel] to exit without saving changes. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 29

30 2 Operation Set Condition Use Set Condition to specify Auto-Lock parameters when measuring in the Auto-Lock measuring mode. An Auto-Lock measurement ends when all measured parameters meet the conditions set. For example, if the condition of Conductivity is set to 1.0%, when the measured conductivity holds stable within a 1.0% tolerance for the set Auto-Lock time interval, the measurement ends and the screen locks displaying the final reading. To set the conditions: 1 From the initial state, press [Setup]. The setup screen appears. See Figure 11 on page Use the directional arrow keys to navigate to Set Condition. 3 Press [Enter] to select Set Condition or press [Cancel] to exit. 4 The Set Condition screen appears on the display. See Figure 15. Figure 15 The Set Condition screen 5 Use the arrow keys to select a condition to edit. Press [Setup] to edit the value. 6 Enter the desired value. The Auto-Lock time has a range of seconds. 7 Press [Enter] to save the new setup, exit, and return to the initial state. Press [Cancel] to exit without saving changes C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

31 Operation 2 System Setup The System Setup screen is where the user sets the time on the system clock, sets the calibration interval, and enters the information for the Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) standard. 1 From the initial state, press [Setup]. The setup screen appears. See Figure 11 on page Use the directional arrow keys to navigate to System Setup. 3 Press [Enter] to select System Setup or press [Cancel] to exit. 4 The System Setup screen appears on the display. See Figure 16. Figure 16 The System Setup screen 5 Use the arrow keys to select a value to edit. Press [Setup] to edit the value. 6 Enter the desired value. See Descriptions of the System Setup settings on page 32 for more information. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 31

32 2 Operation 7 If needed, edit the system date and time. To modify the date and time: a b Use the arrow keys to highlight the Time field shown in Figure 16 on page 31 and press [Setup]. The Set Date & Time screen opens. This screen displays the current year, month, day, hour, minute, and second (see Figure 17). Press the arrow keys to highlight the proper cell, then press [Setup] to select it. Figure 17 The Set Date & Time screen c Enter the correct value using the numeric keys and press [Enter]. d Once all changes are made, press [Enter] to save the settings and return to the System Setup screen. 8 Once all of the system settings are made, press [Enter] to save the new setup, exit, and return to the initial state. Press [Cancel] to exit without saving changes. Descriptions of the System Setup settings Calib Interval is the number of hours between the calibration messages that the Meter periodically displays as a reminder to recalibrate the probe. The meter begins counting the interval time from the end of the previous calibration. When the calibration interval has elapsed, the meter displays a popup window to remind the user to recalibrate the probe. A Calib Interval value of 0 disables this function. Operator No is a three-digit number from used to identify the person operating the meter. The Operator No is recorded every time the meter saves data C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

33 Operation 2 When stored data reaches the meter s memory limit Auto Delete allows you to automatically overwrite the oldest data with new data. If Auto Delete is not enabled, the meter does not save new data when its memory is full. For example, the meter supports storing up to 200 sets of data. When you want to store the 201 st set of data, if Auto Delete is on, meter will delete the first set of data and store the 201 st data. If Auto Delete is disabled, the new data will not be stored. CAUTION If Auto Delete is disabled, data could be lost. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 33

34 2 Operation Language Select Auto Power Off This meter supports Chinese and English languages. 1 From the initial state, press [Setup]. The setup screen appears. See Figure 11 on page Use the directional arrow keys to navigate to Language Select. 3 Press [Enter] to select Language Select or press [Cancel] to exit. 4 The Language Select screen appears. Use the arrow keys to choose either Chinese or English and press [Enter]. The meter can power off automatically after a set time period. To set the Auto Power Off time: 1 From the initial state, press [Setup]. The setup screen appears. See Figure 11 on page Use the directional arrow keys to navigate to Auto Power Off. 3 Press [Enter] to select Auto Power Off or press [Cancel] to exit. 4 The Auto Power Off screen appears. Enter a power off time from minutes. Enter a time of 0 to disable Auto Power Off. 5 Press [Enter]. When the Auto Power Off time elapses after the start of a measurement, the meter shuts down. If the meter is connected to the Electrochemical Data Collecting Software, Auto Power Off is disabled C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

35 Operation 2 Set Default Use Set Default to reset the meter to is original factory settings. 1 From the initial state, press [Setup]. 2 Use the directional arrow keys to navigate to Set Default. 3 Press [Enter] to select Set Default or press [Cancel] to exit. 4 The Set Default screen appears on the display. Press [Enter] to restore the meter to the original factory settings. Table 2 Parameter Default values for meter parameters Default value Cell constant calibration data TDS calibration data Temperature coefficient One standard solution. Standard Value: 1408 µs/cm Measured Value: 1408 µs/cm Calibration temperature: 25.0 C Default cell constant: One standard solution. Standard Value: 704 mg/l Measured Value: 704 mg/l Calibrated temperature: 25.0 C Default TDS coefficient: %/ C manual temperature 25.0 C measuring mode Timed Reading Mode interval Calib Interval Continuous 10 minutes message disabled (0 hours) Operator No 000 Auto Delete Enabled Auto-Lock Set Condition conductivity 1.0% TDS 1.0% salinity 1.0% Auto-Lock time Auto Power Off 5 s Disabled (0 minutes) 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 35

36 2 Operation Prepare Probes Perform this procedure when using a new probe, or when using a probe that has been in storage for a long time. 1 Submerse the measuring tip in absolute ethanol for 1 minute. 2 Repeat step 1 twice with fresh absolute ethanol each time. 3 Rinse the measuring tip thoroughly with DI water. 4 Soak the measuring tip in DI water for 1 hour. 5 Connect the probe to the meter. See Installation of electrochemical probes on page 9. 6 Begin measuring. After finishing the measurement, clean the measuring tip with the proper method for cleaning the test solution used. CAUTION Avoid damaging platinum black coating on the C5111 Conductivity probe during cleaning. 7 Calibrate the cell constant. See To set or calibrate the cell constant (Cell Const) on page 37. The cell constant of each probe is printed on the label. However, transportation, prolonged storage, and extended use may change the cell constant to some degree. 8 Before use, ensure there is no precipitate on the platinum sensing sheets. Ensure there is no corrosion on the platinum sensing sheets or chemical reaction in solution with platinum. 9 If there is unusual performance during measurement or you suspect an error in measurement, see Chapter 3, Troubleshooting and Maintenance to diagnose the problem C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

37 Operation 2 Calibrate To set or calibrate the cell constant (Cell Const) The cell constant for each probe was calibrated and printed on the probe label before shipping. However, transportation, storage, and continued use may change the cell constant to some degree. Recalibrate the conductivity probe before measurement. One-Point calibration 1 In order to calibrate, you need to make a standard solution. Read the printed cell constant from the label. Use Table 3 to find the suitable KCl concentration of the standard solution. Table 3 Concentration of Standard Solution based on cell constant Cell constant (cm -1 ) KCI concentration (mol/l) or or 1 2 Use the concentration found intable 3 to find the weight (g) of KCl per liter of DI water (Table 4) and prepare the standard solution. For example, to prepare a concentration of 0.1 mol/l, add g of KCl to 1 L of DI water. Table 4 Composition of Standard Solution Concentration (mol/l) Concentration of KCl in g/l (20 C) Dilute 0.01 mol/l solution from 100 ml to 1 liter 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 37

38 2 Operation 3 If the meter is connected to a conductivity probe without an ATC probe, the meter will use the manual temperature (see Set Manual Temp on page 29) value as current temperature. If the manual temperature is set at 25.0 C, 20 C, 18 C, or 15 C, conductivity is displayed without temperature compensation. 4 Rinse the conductivity probe with distilled or DI water. 5 Soak the conductivity probe in the standard solution. The temperature of the standard solution must be either 30 C, 25 C, 20 C, 18 C, or 15 C within ± 0.1 C. 6 Press [Calibrate]. 7 Select Cell Const. 8 The Calibration screen appears. (see Figure 18). Figure 18 The Calibration screen C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

39 Operation 2 9 Press [Setup] to enter a Standard Solution Value (STD Value). Type the standard value listed in Table 5 for the corresponding solution concentration and temperature. Figure 19 The Standard Solution Value Table 5 STD Value (µs/cm) 15.0 C 18.0 C 20.0 C 25.0 C 30.0 C 1 mol/l mol/l mol/l mol/l When the reading stabilizes, press [Enter]. The meter will calculate and set the new cell constant. 11 The calibration is done. Press [Cancel] to return to the initial screen. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 39

40 2 Operation Two-Point Calibration When measuring a solution with high conductivity (>10 ms/cm), perform a two-point calibration. 1 Prepare two standard solutions. Standard solutions with high conductivity should have similar chemical composition to sample solution. 2 Calibrate the cell constant as described in One-Point calibration on page Press [Enter] to end the first calibration. NOTE Do not press [Cancel] to avoid exiting calibration. 4 Put the conductivity probe into the second standard solution. 5 When the reading stabilizes, press [Enter]. The meter will automatically calculate and set the two-point calibration. 6 The calibration is done. Press [Cancel] to return to the initial screen. Manually enter a cell constant 1 While performing a measurement, press [Setup]. 2 select Cell Const and press [Enter]. 3 The meter displays a popup window. Enter the cell constant given on the probe label. NOTE Manually entering a cell constant will overwrite a previous cell constant calibration C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

41 Operation 2 To Set or Calibrate the TDS Factor Manually enter the TDS factor 1 While measuring, press [Setup] and select Set TDS Factor. Press [Enter] 2 The meter displays a popup window. Enter the TDS factor according to your actual need. Calibrate the TDS factor 1 Calibrate the meter with a conductivity standard solution. Select a proper standard solution according to the nature and measuring range of the sample. (The relationship between conductivity and the TDS of the standard solution is shown in Table 6). Table 6 Relationship Between Conductivity and TDS of the Standard Solution Conductivity TDS standard value (µs/cm) KCI (mg/l) NaCI (mg/l) 442 (mg/l) C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 41

42 2 Operation NOTE The value listed in the form is the one at 25 C. 442 indicates 40% Na 2 SO 4, 40% NaHCO 3, 20% NaCI. 2 While measuring, press [Setup] and select cell constant. 3 Set the cell constant to the value written on the conductivity probe label, or recalibrate the conductivity probe to obtain a new cell constant. 4 Press [Mode] and select TDS Measuring mode. 5 Press [Calibrate] and select TDS Factor. Press [Enter] to enter Calibration mode as shown in Figure 20. Figure 20 Calibration mode 6 Rinse the conductivity probe with distilled water or DI water. 7 The temperature of the calibration solution must be 25.0 ± 0.1 C. Soak the conductivity probe in the standard solution 8 Press [Setup]. 9 Select STD Value and then press [Enter]. 10 Enter an STD value given in Table 6 on page When the readings become stable, press [Enter]. 12 The meter automatically calculates and sets a new TDS factor. 13 Calibration is finished. Press [Cancel] to exit C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

43 Operation 2 Temperature Coefficient (Set Temp Coef) Temperature affects the accuracy of conductivity measurement. When you set the temperature coefficient, the meter automatically compensates for the temperature while measuring. 1 While measuring, press [Setup] and select Temp Coef. Press [Enter]. 2 The meter displays a popup window. Input the new temperature coefficient. To view current temperature coefficient: 1 From the initial screen, press [View]. 2 Select View COND Para and press [Enter]. The meter displays the View COND Para screen. See Figure 21. The user can view current calibration data including cell constant and temperature coefficient. Usually the user doesn t need to setup the temperature coefficient. The default temperature coefficient is 2.00%/ C. Figure 21 The View COND Para screen 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 43

44 2 Operation Perform a Measurement Choose the correct probe During measurement, make sure the tip of the probe is completely submersed in the solution. Place the probe in a location where the solution can flow freely around the measuring tip. To measure ultra pure water, install the conductivity probe in a sealed container with ultra pure water flowing through. The flow rate should be not too high. Before measuring, choose the proper conductivity probe. Refer to Table 7 on page 44 when choosing a conductivity probe. There are two kinds of conductivity probes with cell constant K=1.0: Platinum black - the platinum sheet has a platinum black coating. Bright - the platinum sheet does not have a platinum black coating. The Bright probe is suitable for wider measurement range (2 to 3000 µs/cm). If conductivity is 3000 µs/cm, the measurement may not be as accurate. To measure high conductivity, use a conductivity probe with a high cell constant. When conductivity is ms/cm, use a conductivity probe with cell constant = 5 or 10. When conductivity is ms/cm, use a conductivity probe with cell constant = 10. Table 7 Conductivity Range and Corresponding Cell Constant Conductivity range Resistivity range (W-cm) Recommended cell constant (cm -1 ) µs/cm M 50.0 k µs/cm 5.00 M 5.00 k ms/cm ms/cm C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

45 Operation 2 To measure conductivity 1 Calibrate the meter if necessary. See Calibrate on page From the initial state display, press [Setup] and select a measuring mode and the COND parameter. See Measuring Mode on page Press [Measure] to start a measurement according to the selected mode. See Figure 22. The upper area of the screen shows the current measuring mode and system time. The central area of the screen shows conductivity, resistivity and temperature. Figure 22 Measuring conductivity Measurement methods and displays change with different measuring modes to some extent. 4 During a measurement, you can recalibrate the cell constant and setup parameters. 5 After a measurement, press [Save] to save data. Press [Output] to print data. Press [Cancel] to end measurement. NOTE When measuring conductivity and TDS with an ATC probe connected to the meter, the measurement will be temperature-compensated into the corresponding value at 25.0 C according to the set temperature coefficient. When measuring salinity with an ATC probe connected to the meter, the measurement will be temperature-compensated into the corresponding value at 18.0 C according to the set temperature coefficient. If no ATC probe is connected, the measurement is given without temperature compensation. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 45

46 2 Operation To measure resistivity To measure temperature To measure TDS In the conductivity measuring mode, the meter displays both conductivity and resistivity. You can measure resistivity directly in the conductivity measuring mode. See To measure conductivity on page 45. In any measuring mode, the meter displays the current temperature of the solution. See To measure conductivity on page 45. Measure TDS from the initial state 1 Select a proper conductivity probe before measuring TDS. The selection principle is the same as the selection of a conductivity probe. 2 Set corresponding cell constant. See To set or calibrate the cell constant (Cell Const) on page Set the temperature coefficient. See Temperature coefficient on page Set the TDS factor. See To Set or Calibrate the TDS Factor on page To skip steps 2 through 4, recalibrate conductivity probe. 6 Once the TDS parameters have been set, you can measure TDS directly from the initial state. Measure TDS using the TDS Measuring Mode 1 Set the TDS parameter with Setup Measuring Mode. See Measuring Mode on page For a description of display, measuring procedure, and operation in TDS measurement, see To measure conductivity on page C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

47 Operation 2 To measure salinity 3 After measurement, press [Save] to save data,. Press [Output] to output measuring data. press [Cancel] to end measurement. Measure salinity from the initial screen 1 Select a proper conductivity probe before measuring Salinity. See Choose the correct probe on page Set the corresponding cell constant. See To set or calibrate the cell constant (Cell Const) on page Set the salinity parameters. See Measuring Mode on page 26. Now you can measure salinity directly from the initial screen. Measure salinity using the Salinity Measuring Mode 1 Set the salinity parameter with Setup Measuring Mode. See Measuring Mode on page For a description of display, measuring procedure, and operation in salinity measurement, see To measure conductivity on page After measurement, press [Save] to save data,. Press [Output] to output measuring data. press [Cancel] to end measurement. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 47

48 2 Operation To view other parameters while measuring During a measurement, the user still can view other parameters not currently in use without changing the measuring mode. For instance, while measuring with the Cond parameter, a user can view, save, and print other parameters such as TDS and SALI. 1 While performing a measurement, press [Mode] to conveniently view other parameter values. The screen display highlights the measuring window as shown in Figure 23. Figure 23 Viewing parameters while measuring 2 Press [4/ ] or [6/ ] to switch the view to TDS, salinity, resistivity, conductivity, and so on. 3 If you do not press a key for a few seconds, the meter will automatically exit from viewing mode and return to the regular initial screen C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

49 Operation 2 Manage Data To save data To delete data To output data The Agilent 3200C Conductivity Meter can save 200 sets of conductivity, TDS, and salinity data. The procedure to save data varies with different measuring modes. In continuous mode and Auto-Lock reading mode, press [Save] to save data when readings become stable. In timed reading mode, you can still save data manually, but the meter automatically saves measuring data at a fixed periodic time interval. See Measuring Mode on page 26. You can delete individual data entries or delete all data at once. 1 In either the initial screen or while measuring, press [View]. 2 Select the data and press [Delete]. You can output current measuring data, the most recent calibration data, or saved data. There are two ways to output. There are two ways to output current measurements, calibration data or saved data. One method is to use the optional data collecting software (G4390A) with the meter. The other method is to use the free Data Printing Software provided. 1 Connect the meter to the PC with a USB cable, and run the software. 2 Press the [Output] key during measurement, while viewing calibration or stored data. This allows the user to print the corresponding data. Refer to the software operating instructions for details. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 49

50 2 Operation To view data The Agilent 3200C Conductivity Meter allows you to view parameters such as the last calibration data and current parameter. It also allows you to set the parameter directly and view saved data. The meter stores data according to the parameter measured. All saved data meets GLP standards. The meter can store 200 sets of conductivity, TDS, or salinity data. 1 In the initial state, press [View]. 2 Navigate to the type of data to view and press [Enter]. See Figure 24. Figure 24 View Data To View Saved Cond To view conductivity data, select View Saved COND. 1 In the initial state, press [View]. 2 Use the arrow keys to highlight View Saved COND. 3 Press [Enter]. 4 The display is shown in Figure 25. The upper area displays the current viewing mode and actual storage amount. Each page can display up to 10 saved data. The display format varies with different viewing modes. The data displayed includes time and operator No C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

51 Operation 2 Figure 25 View saved data 5 Press the arrow keys to view the saved data. 6 Press [Output] or [Delete] to print and delete data. (First connect meter with PC.) View conductivity parameter 1 In the initial state, press [View]. 2 Use the arrow keys to highlight View COND Para. 3 Press [Enter]. The display is shown in Figure 26. The upper area displays last calibration data. The bottom area displays current conductivity parameter including cell constant and temperature coefficient Figure 26 View conductivity parameters 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 51

52 2 Operation View TDS parameter 1 In the initial state, press [View] 2 Use the arrow keys to highlight View TDS Para. 3 Press [Enter]. The display is shown is Figure 27. Figure 27 View TDS parameter C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

53 Operation 2 To Turn off the 3200C Conductivity Meter After using the meter, press [Save] to save data. Press [On/Off] to turn off the meter. When not in use, all probes should be soaked in distilled water. If the meter is out of use for a long time: Disconnect the power adaptor from power cable to avoid damaging power adaptor and the meter. Keep the socket of the meter clean and dry. Avoid contact of the socket with acid, alkaline and salt solution. Keep the input terminal of the meter (connector of probe) clean and dry. If the probe has been exposed to high humidity or water, wipe the cable interface of the probe with dry gauze or Kimwipe. When the conductivity probe will be out of use for a short time, soak it in DI water. If the probe will be out of use for 6 hours or longer, rinse it with DI water and store it in a protective bottle. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 53

54 2 Operation Software Operation See also Installing optional software on page 13. To use the optional G4390A Electrochemical Data Collecting software 1 Connect the meter to the power adapter. 2 Press [On/Off] to turn on the meter. 3 Connect the meter to the computer using the USB cable. 4 Run the Electrochemical Data Collecting Software in the computer and the software will recognize the meter model and type. The software provides the functions corresponding to the meter type. Refer to the software documentation for details. To use the Data Printing software 1 Connect the meter to the power adapter. 2 Press [On/Off] to turn on the meter. 3 Connect the meter to the computer using the USB cable. 4 Launch the printing software. 5 With the meter taking measurements or when viewing calibration data or stored data, press [Output]. The software receives the data. Once received, print the data as desired. For details, refer to the Data Printing software documentation C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

55 Agilent 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance Troubleshooting the 3200C Conductivity Meter 56 General Troubleshooting Procedure 58 Meter Self-Diagnostics and Messages 60 Maintenance 63 Consumables and Ordering Information 64 This chapter describes how to verify whether the meter is working properly and how to maintain the meter. Agilent Technologies 55

56 3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance Troubleshooting the 3200C Conductivity Meter Table 8 lists common problems, possible causes, and how to resolve them. Note that improper operation of the conductivity probe will lead to abnormal readings. During measurement, soak the probe tip completely in solution. Table C troubleshooting Number Failure mode Failure cause Solutions 1 No display after meter starts up. The display is not lit up. 1 Power adaptor is not installed correctly. 2 The power supply does not meet with the requirements. 3 The power adaptor is damaged. 4 The power socket has poor contact. 5 The LCD is damaged (After start up for a few minutes, the user can hear a buzzing sound after pressing [On/Off] key, but there is no display on LCD.) 1 Reconnect. 2 Use the required power supply. 3 Replace the power adaptor. 4 Ensure there is a good contact. 5 Contact Customer Service. 2 Display is dim. 1 Check the power adapter. 3 No buzzing when pressing key 4 No response when pressing key 5 Meter does not display 25 C when ATC probe is not connected with meter. 1 You may have pressed invalid keys under the current setup. 2 The buzzer has been damaged. 1 You may have pressed invalid keys under the current setup. 2 The key has been damaged. When the meter is not connected with an ATC probe, the meter will automatically switch to manual temperature setting. 1 The buzzer only sounds when you press a valid key. 1 Press the valid key for operation. Manually input the correct solution temperature C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

57 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 3 Table C troubleshooting (continued) Number Failure mode Failure cause Solutions 6 The reading does not stabilize. 7 Severe drift during conductivity measurement. 1 The electrode has been damaged or aged. 2 There is strong electrical signal interference source nearby (electrical leaking, strong electro-magnetic field, etc.). Probe tip contaminated. 1 Replace the electrode. 2 Remove the electrical signal interference source. Lift the beaker to a higher position to avoid electrical leaking. Shield from the electromagnetic field. Use the ground line shipped with the meter. Connect one terminal to the meter and the other terminal to the interference source. Clean the probe. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 57

58 3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance General Troubleshooting Procedure Many factors may affect measurement, including the electrode, the standard solutions used to calibrate electrode, the sample solution, the temperature during measurement, incorrect operation, and so forth. When the measured results are significantly different from what was expected, first determine whether the meter itself or factors other than the meter caused the error. Follow the suggestions described below to diagnose the problem. Since there are multiple measuring methods, you will need to diagnose the meter based on your application. Diagnose whether the errors are caused by the meter hardware, electrode calibration, parameters, the sample solution, solution preparation, buffer solutions used for calibration, or other causes. For factors other than the meter, compare measurement results between known solutions. Put the electrode in different standard solutions. Based on the comparison, judge whether the deviation resulted from the electrode, the solution, or something else. Check the temperature measurement Because temperature measurements are required for all measurement, always ensure temperature measuring is functioning well. 1 Connect the meter with the ATC temperature diagnostic tool ( ) shipped with the meter. 2 Turn on the meter and begin measuring. 3 With the ATC temperature diagnostic tool connected, the meter should display a temperature reading between 49.0 to 51.0 C. If yes, the meter is correctly measuring temperature. If the meter displays a temperature reading significantly different from 50 C, there is a problem with the meter. Contact Agilent service C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

59 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 3 Check the conductivity measurement 1 Disconnect the conductivity probe. 2 Connect the meter with the conductive diagnostic tool ( ) shipped with the meter. 3 Turn on the meter and disconnect the ATC probe. 4 At the initial state, set the manual temperature to 25 C. 5 Check the cell constant. If it is about 1.000, then go to next step. If not, set the cell constant to (View Last COND Calib). 6 Begin measuring conductivity. The meter should display a resistance value of k and a conductivity value of µs/cm. If so, the meter is functioning properly. If the value deviates significantly from these values, there is a hardware problem with the meter. Contact the customer service department. Restore factory default settings If other troubleshooting does not solve the problem, you can restore the meter to the factory default settings. This clears all user calibrations and settings so that you can verify whether an erroneous calibration or setting is the cause of the problem. After restoring the factory default settings, retest the meter. To restore factory defaults (Set Default) Select Set Default from the initial setup display to restore all parameters to the factory default settings. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 59

60 3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance Meter Self-Diagnostics and Messages Severe errors The meter supports self-diagnosis, which can find some common errors caused by meter, probe, solution, or operation. It deals with these errors differently according to their severity. There are two levels of severity: Severe system errors hinder further use of the meter or make the meter unable to finish necessary tasks. In this case, replacement or maintenance of the meter is required. Minor errors, which are prompts or warnings, are caused by various reasons and can be corrected in several ways. However, you must pay attention to these errors to ensure measurement integrity and reliability. If you ignore these error messages the operation can continue. When severe errors occur in the meter, the meter will shut down and display an error message similar to Figure 28. In this case, the only operation that can be performed is to turn off the meter. Figure 28 Severe errors C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

61 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 3 Error warning Error warnings indicate improper electrode installation, solution problems, and electrode setup during use. Read these error warnings carefully. Proper maintenance and operation will reduce errors. Figure 29 shows an example error warning that temperature is out of range. Figure 29 Error warning is the error warning icon. The icon includes the error code. NOTE This table describes all error messages which may occur in use. These error messages have different definition for different meters. Table 9 Error warning codes Code Description Solution Memo 00 Conductivity measuring module error Contact Customer Service. Serious error 01 DO measuring module error Contact Customer Service. Serious error 02 Temperature measuring module error Contact Customer Service. Serious error 03 Data storage error Contact Customer Service. Serious error 20 Potential is out of range Replace electrode to mv 21 ph/px is out of range Replace electrode to ph 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 61

62 3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance Table 9 Error warning codes (continued) Code Description Solution Memo 22 Conductivity is out of range Replace probe and solution. 0 to 2000 ms/cm 23 Resistivity is out of range Replace probe and solution. 0 to 100 M cm 24 Temperature is out of range Replace electrode and decrease solution temperature. 6.0 to C 25 DO electric current is out of range Replace probe. 0 to 4000 na 26 ph electrode slope is out of range Replace electrode and recalibrate it. 80 to 120 % 27 Failed to recognize ph buffers Replace electrode, setup proper buffer group and replace buffers. 28 Temperature of ph buffer is out of range Cool or heat buffer. 29 Calibrate the same buffer repeatedly Replace the buffer. Due to incorrect operation 30 Number of ph buffers exceeds maximum. Remove one or more buffers from the group. 5 buffers at most 31 ph buffers conflict with each other Remove one or more buffers with overlapping ph values. 32 The data storage is full. Overwrite the previous data and store new data. Do not delete all data 33 The internal clock has a low battery. Set time manually. 34 Number of customer-defined ions exceeds maximum Delete one or more unnecessary customer-defined ions. 35 The maximum ion mode number stored Delete some storage data of certain ion mode C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

63 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 3 Maintenance Probe cleaning Probe storage This section describes how to maintain and store the probe. General electrode cleaning includes inorganic cleaning, organic cleaning, grease cleaning, and protein precipitation cleaning. The type of cleaning needed depends on the contaminants and the probe. After one or more cleaning procedures, rinse the outside of the probe with distilled water. Soak the measuring tip with distilled water or deionized water for temporary storage.when the electrode is not used for a long time, put the electrode back in the box and store it a dry place at ambient temperature. 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide 63

64 3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance Consumables and Ordering Information Order No. Model and Name Description G4388A 3200SA Stirrer Electrode holder and magnetic stirrer : combined to stir solution with stable and precise speed with a large adjustable range. G4389A 3200EA Electrode Holder It is used to fix different probes. G4390A Software Package 3200C Conductivity Meter can communicate with computer after this software package is installed (including software) Power Adaptor VAC, 1A, 50/60Hz G Stirring Bar It is used with stirrer C5111 Conductivity Probe Glass, K=1, platinum black, Measuring range: µs/cm C5112 Conductivity Probe Glass, K=1, bright, Measuring range: µs/cm C5113 Conductivity Probe Glass, K=0.1, bright, Measuring range: µs/cm T7111 ATC Probe Stainless Steel body, Measuring range: C ATC temperature diagnostic tool Temperature diagnostication Conductivity diagnostic tool Conductivity diagnostication Log onto the portal at for detail information. For new purchase, contact distributors of Agilent Technologies or log on the Agilent official website C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

65 Agilent 3200C 电导率仪 用户手册 Agilent Technologies

66 声明 Agilent Technologies, Inc 根据美国和国际版权法的规定, 未经 Agilent Technologies, Inc. 事先同意和书面许可, 不得以任何形式或采取任何手段 ( 包括电子存储和检索或翻译成其他语言 ) 复制本手册中的任何内容 手册部件号 版本 第一版, 2012 年 3 月中国印刷安捷伦科技 ( 上海 ) 有限公司上海市浦东新区外高桥保税区英伦路 412 号联系电话 :(800) 担保说明 本手册内容按 原样 提供, 在将来的版本中如有更改, 恕不另行通知 此外, 在使用法律允许的最大范围内, Agilent 对本手册以及此处包含的任何信息不作任何明示或暗示担保, 包括但不仅限于适销性针某一特殊用途的实用性的暗示担保 对于因提供 使用或执行本手册或此处包含的任何信息而产生的错误, 或造成的偶然或必然的损失, Agilent 不承担任何责任 如果 Agilent 与用户签订了单独的书面协议, 而其中涉及本手册内容的担保条款与这些条款存在冲突, 则以协议中的担保条款为准 安全声明 小心 小心提示表示存在危险 提醒您注意某个操作步骤 某项操作或类似问题, 如果执行不当或未遵照提示操作, 可能会损坏产品或丢失重要数据 只有完全理解并符合指定的条件时, 才可以忽略小心提示的要求继续进行操作 警告 警告提示表示存在危险 提醒您注意某个操作步骤 某项操作或类似问题, 如果执行不当或未遵照提示操作, 可能会导致人身伤害或死亡 只有完全理解并符合指定的条件时, 才可以忽略警告提示的要求继续进行操作 3200C Conductivity Meter Operating Guide

67 目录 目录 3200C 型电导率仪安装指南 69 安装所需的工具和部件 C 型电导率仪安装 71 电极的安装 72 电源适配器的安装 73 安装电化学数据采集软件和数据打印软件 74 获得更多信息 C 型电导率仪操作指南 75 简介 76 在哪里可以获得相关信息 76 Agilent 客户门户网站 76 术语解释 C 型电导率仪的特点 C 型电导率仪的主要技术性能 78 使用电导率仪的方法 79 操作盘 81 操作基本知识 83 概述 83 仪器控制 84 启动 3200C 型电导率仪 84 起始状态下的功能设置 84 电极常数的设置或标定 91 电导率的测量方法 96 电阻率的测量方法 97 温度的测量方法 97 TDS 转换系数的设置或标定 97 TDS 的测量方法 99 盐度的测量方法 99 用户手册 67

68 目录 数据贮存功能 99 数据删除功能 99 数据输出功能 100 数据查阅功能 100 查阅贮存数据 101 关闭 3200C 型电导率仪 102 更正问题 102 软件通讯操作 103 安装软件 103 数据采集软件界面操作 C 型电导率仪故障排除 105 仪器基本故障以及解决办法 106 仪器自诊断操作指导 107 仪器的温度诊断 107 仪器的电导测量诊断 107 仪器自诊断相应代码与说明 108 严重错误 108 警告错误 109 电极的保养 维护和贮存 111 电极的清洗 112 电极的储存 C 型电导率仪耗材信息 用户手册

69 Agilent 3200C 电导率仪用户手册 C 型电导率仪安装指南 安装所需的工具和部件 C 型电导率仪安装 71 安装电化学数据采集软件和数据打印软件 74 获得更多信息 74 本安装过程, 要求使用随 3200C 型电导率仪附带的配件 Agilent Technologies 69

70 1 安装所需的工具和部件 Agilent 提供安装所需的所有专业工具, 在电导率仪装运包装箱中可找到以下部件 : 电极支架 (G4389A) 电导电极, 如 C5111 Conductivity Probe ( ) 电源适配器 ( ) 70 用户手册

71 1 3200C 型电导率仪安装 打开 3200C 型电导率仪包装, 取出电导率仪 电极支架以及相关附件 电极支架的安装 1. 电极插孔 2. 紧固螺母 3. 电极线固定孔 4. 紧固螺母 5. 紧固螺母 6. 紧固螺母 7. 紧固螺母 8. 底座 用户手册 71

72 1 电极的安装 在电导率仪的背面找到电导电极接口 温度电极接口, 然后, 分别将电导电极 ( 如 C5111 Conductivity Probe, ) 温度电极 ( ) 插入相应接口内, 并将电极线夹在电极支架边缘固定孔中 72 用户手册

73 1 电源适配器的安装 仪器随机提供电源适配器 请注意, 本适配器只适用于本仪器, 不建议使用于其他类型的仪器 我们也不建议使用其他类型的电源适配器 本电源适配器适用于以下电源 :100 ~ 240VAC, 1A, 50/60Hz 对应不同地区的电源, 电源适配器提供多种转接插头, 用户请正确选择合适的电源插头, 然后按照图示将电源插头安装到适配器底座上, 听到 啪 的一声表示已经安装到位 用户手册 73

74 1 接地线的安装 仪器随机提供接地线, 但是接地线在测量过程中不是必须安装的 有时电极和被测溶液组成的测量部分会受到某些设备的干扰 ( 如恒温槽等设备 ), 从而引起跳字, 影响测量, 此时必须将测量部分屏蔽, 并安装接地线, 消除干扰 当仪器受到干扰时, 将接地线一端连接仪器, 另一端连接比如恒温槽的外壳等 安装电化学数据采集软件和数据打印软件 获得更多信息 电化学数据采集软件是为了方便用户使用而开发的一套数据采集软件 ( 本软件 G4390A 需要另外购买 ) 如果用户有需要, 请选择安装 电导率仪安装好后, 在计算机上安装电化学数据采集软件, 采用 USB 接口连接线可实现与计算机通讯 请参阅电化学数据采集系统软件的安装说明 如果用户需要将仪器测量数据 存贮数据以及标定参数打印出来, 可以选择安装数据打印软件, 软件支持接收仪器发送的数据并可将数据打印出来, 本软件免费提供给用户 具体请参阅数据打印软件的安装说明 电导率仪和电化学数据采集软件的安装现在已经完成 有关更多信息, 请参阅 : 3200C 型电导率仪操作指南, 以获得和熟悉日常操作说明 电极操作指南, 以获得电极使用和维护说明 74 用户手册

75 Agilent 3200C 电导率仪用户手册 C 型电导率仪操作指南 简介 76 操作基本知识 83 软件通讯操作 103 此文档提供对组成 3200C 型电导率仪的各个组件的概述 Agilent Technologies 75

76 2 简介 在哪里可以获得相关信息 Agilent 客户门户网站 术语解释 除此文档之外, Agilent 还提供了其他相关说明, 描述如何安装 操作和维护 3200C 型电导率仪及其故障排除 使用电导率仪之前, 请确保已阅读 3200C 型电导率仪安装指南和操作指南 使用电导率仪时最常见的安全问题有 : 如果选用非原机配备电源适配器可能会发生不必要的安全问题 必须有良好的接地 防止腐蚀性气体侵入 仪器的插座必须保持清洁 干燥, 切忌与酸 碱 盐溶液接触 仪器可供长期稳定使用 测试完样品后, 所用电极应浸放在蒸馏水中, 如果使用间隔大于 6 小时或长期储存, 建议洗干净后放入空的保护瓶中存放 电导电极的不正确使用常引起仪器工作不正常 应将电导电极浸入测量溶液中 电导电极放置点应注意避免安装在 死 角 Agilent 建立了一个客户门户网站, 可为您所拥有的产品提供相关自定义信息 通过该 Web 服务, 您可以使用多种自定义服务以及与 Agilent 产品和订单直接相关的信息 该门户网站的登录地为 电极常数 : 又称电导池常数, 电极片之间的距离与电极片面积之比 通常用 cm -1 表示 TDS 转换系数 : 电导率与 TDS 的换算系数 温度系数 : 温度每变化 1 引起的电导率变化量, 通常用 %/ 表示 76 用户手册

77 2 3200C 型电导率仪的特点 3200C 型电导率仪是一台新颖 实用的实验室分析仪器, 适用于实验室精确测量水溶液的电导率 电阻率 总溶解固态量 (TDS) 盐度值, 也可用于测量纯水的纯度与温度, 以及海水淡化处理中的含盐量的测定 其主要特点为 : 支持测量电导率 电阻率 总固态溶解物 (TDS) 盐度值 温度值 在全量程范围内, 具有自动温度补偿 自动校准 自动量程 自动频率切换等功能 具有标定功能, 用户可以标定电极常数或 TDS 转换系数 采用点阵式液晶, 显示清晰, 外形美观 具有良好的人机界面, 操作方便 支持 GLP 规范 : 仪器要求设置操作者编号并记录 记录并允许查阅 打印标定数据 ; 支持贮存符合 GLP 规范的测量数据电导率 TDS 盐度各 200 套 允许查阅 打印 删除贮存的测量数据 支持三种测量模式 : 连续测量模式 定时测量模式和平衡测量模式, 可以满足用户的不同测量需要 具有 USB 接口, 配合专用的通信软件, 可以实现与 PC 的连接 具有断电保护功能, 在仪器使用完毕关机后或非正常断电情况下, 仪器内部贮存的测量数据 标定数据以及设置的参数不会丢失 仪器支持自动关机功能 仪器支持恢复默认数据功能 ; 支持自诊断, 可以诊断仪器是否正常工作 带有背光设计, 可以在阴暗的环境下使用 采用新型材料 PC 面板, 轻触按键设计, 可靠性好, 寿命长 仪器具有固件升级功能, 当仪器有功能性的拓展或者软件本身存在 bug 时, 可以使用本功能更新 用户手册 77

78 2 3200C 型电导率仪的主要技术性能 3200C 型电导率仪的主要技术性能包括测量范围 分辨率 电子单元基本误差 仪器正常工作条件以及外形尺寸和重量 1 测量范围 电导率 :0.000μS/cm ~ 2000mS/cm ; 电阻率 :5.00Ω.cm ~ 100.0MΩ.cm ; TDS:0.000 mg/l ~ 1000g/L ; 盐度 :0 8% ; 温度 : 分辨率 温度 :0.1 3 电子单元基本误差 电导率 : ±0.5%(FS) ; 电阻率 : ±0.5%(FS) ; TDS: ±0.5%(FS) ; 盐度 : ±0.1%; 温度 : ±0.1 4 仪器正常工作条件 环境温度 : (0 ~ 40) ; 相对湿度 : 不大于 85%; 供电电源 : 电源适配器 ( , 输入 : VAC, 1A ; 输出 :9VDC, 1A) ; 周围无影响性能的振动存在 ; 周围空气中无腐蚀性的气体存在 ; 周围除地磁场外无其他影响性能的电磁场干扰 5 外形尺寸 ( 长 宽 高, mm): 重量 (kg): 约 1kg 78 用户手册

79 2 使用电导率仪的方法 电导率仪是适用于精密测量各种液体介质的仪器设备, 主要用来精密测量液体介质的电导率值 当配以相应常数的电极时可以精确测量高纯水电导率 电导率是以数字表示溶液导电能力的物理量 使用电导率仪测量溶液电导率值需要 5 个主要步骤 它们是 : 1 功能设置 2 电导电极的准备 3 电导电极的电极常数设置或者标定 4 温度系数的设置 5 电导率的测定 此过程期间, 会显示来自 3200C 型电导率仪的状态消息, 而且可以通过操作键盘相对应的按键更改用户的参数设置 3200C 型电导率仪由电子单元和电极系统组成, 电极系统由电导电极 温度电极构成 ( 一切以实际的装箱单为准 用户可以按照实际需要选配其他常数的电导电极 ) 本文档的下面几页将描述此过程的每个部分 1. 显示屏 2. 按键 3. 电导电极 4. 温度电极 用户手册 79

80 2 3200C 型电导率仪的前视图 1. 显示屏 2. 按键 3200C 型电导率仪的后视图 1. 接地 4.USB 接口 2. 温度电极接口 5. 电源接口 3. 电导电极接口 80 用户手册

81 2 操作盘 操作盘由显示屏和操作键盘组成 显示屏 显示屏可显示 3200C 型电导率仪上目前正在执行的活动和工作状态 仪器正确连接电源后, 按 On/Off 键打开仪器, 仪器将显示公司名称 仪器型号 版本号等信息, 并开始系统自检, 完成后进入仪器的起始状态, 仪器的起始状态显示如图, 其中显示屏左面显示当前的系统时间 ; 右面为当前设置好的测量模式 测量参数以及当前电极常数 温度系数 操作键盘 3200C 型电导率仪有 15 个操作按键, 分别为 :1/ 输出键 2/ 键 3/ 贮存键 4/ 键 5/ 设置键 6/ 键 7/ 查阅键 8/ 键 9/ 模式键 0/ 测量键 / 标定键 -/ 删除键 确认键 取消键 开 / 关键等 除确认键 取消键外, 其余都为双功能键, 分别介绍如下 1/ 输出键 : 输入数字 1 ; 在查阅贮存数据或标定数据时输出贮存数据或标定数据 ; 2/ 键 4/ 键 8/ 键 6/ 键 : 输入数字 ; 方向键, 用于选择菜单等 ; 3/ 贮存键 : 输入数字 3 ; 测量时贮存测量结果 ; 5/ 设置键 : 输入数字 5 ; 在不同的操作情况下设置不同的功能 ; 7/ 查阅键 : 输入数字 7 ; 查阅贮存数据或标定数据 ; 9/ 模式键 : 输入数字 9 ; 测量状态下用于切换显示窗口或参数 ; 用户手册 81

82 2 0/ 测量键 : 输入数字 0 ; 开始测量 ; / 标定键 : 输入小数 ; 标定电极 ; -/ 删除键 : 输入负数 ; 清除全部输入 ; 在查阅贮存数据时可以删除贮存的数据 开 / 关键 : 打开或者关闭仪器 82 用户手册

83 2 操作基本知识 本节描述使用 3200C 型电导率仪时可以执行的任务 概述 操作电导率仪涉及下列任务 : 启动 3200C 型电导率仪 功能设置 请参阅 起始状态下的功能设置 电极常数的设置或标定 请参阅 电极常数的设置或标定 温度系数的设置 请参阅 温度系数的设置方法 电极准备 请参阅 电极的准备 电导率的测量 请参阅 电导率的测量方法 电阻率的测量 请参阅 电阻率的测量方法 温度的测量 请参阅 温度的测量方法 TDS 转换系数的设置或标定 请参阅 TDS 转换系数的设置或标定 TDS 的测量 请参阅 TDS 测量方法 盐度的测量 请参阅 盐度的测量方法 数据贮存功能 请参阅 数据贮存功能 数据删除功能 请参阅 数据删除功能 数据输出功能 请参阅 数据输出功能 数据查阅功能 请参阅 查阅功能 关闭 3200C 型电导率仪 请参阅 关闭 3200C 型电导率仪 用户手册 83

84 2 仪器控制 启动 3200C 型电导率仪 起始状态下的功能设置 3200C 型电导率仪通常直接由操作按键控制 此外,3200C 电导率仪可以通过电化学数据采集软件与计算机通讯 有关如何使用数据采集软件的详细信息, 请参考仪器附带的 DVD 光盘中的相关资料 首先要正确地安装和维护电导率仪 开机前, 须检查电源是否接妥, 应保证仪器良好接地 电极的连接须可靠, 防止腐蚀性气体侵袭 仪器插入电源后, 按 On/Off 键开机 仪器的起始状态显示如图 1, 其中左面显示有当前的系统时间 ; 右面为当前设置好的测量模式 测量参数 以及当前使用的电极常数和温度系数值 图 1 84 用户手册

85 2 在起始状态, 按 设置 键可以设置 设置测量模式 设置手动温度 设置平衡条件 以及 系统设置 语言设置 设置自动关机 恢复默认设置 等 按 设置 键, 仪器显示设置菜单, 显示如图 2 图 2 用户可以按方向键选择合适的菜单项, 按 确认 键选择相应的功能模块 ; 按 取消 键退出功能菜单选择 设置测量模式 : 设置当前的测量模式 ( 连续测量模式 定时测量模式 平衡测量模式 ) 以及测量参数 ; 设置手动温度 : 如果仪器不接温度电极, 可以使用手动温度值 ; 设置平衡条件 : 设置平衡测量模式下的平衡条件 ; 系统设置 : 设置系统时间 GLP 选项 ; 设置语言 : 支持中 英文版本 ; 设置自动关机 : 仪器具有自动关机功能, 用户可以设置自动关机时间 ; 恢复默认设置 允许用户恢复出厂参数设置, 方便仪器自诊断 设置测量模式 仪器支持三种测量模式, 包括连续测量模式 定时测量模式 平衡测量模式 图 3 用户手册 85

86 2 用户选择了相应的参数以及测量模式后, 下次测量时即可按照当前设置情况进行测量 在实际测量中, 虽然用户选择了某个测量参数, 仪器仍然允许用户随时查看其他参数值 譬如, 用户选择电导率这个参数, 在测量时, 用户还是可以随时查看 存贮 打印其它参数值, 如 TDS 盐度等 按 设置 键, 再按 确认 键后, 即可设置测量模式, 显示如图 3, 其中左面为测量参数列表, 包括电导率 TDS 盐度 ; 右面为测量模式列表, 包括连续测量模式 定时测量模式 平衡测量模式 ; 显示 的表示为当前选中的测量参数或者测量模式 ; 突出显示的表示可操作的当前项 ; 按方向键移动到合适的项目后, 按 设置 键选择 ( 或清除 ) 当前项目 按 确认 键, 仪器自动保存当前的所有设置, 返回起始状态 ; 按 取消 键仪器放弃当前设置返回起始状态 图 4 即为选择测量参数后进入正式测量界面 图 4 为了方便用户随时查看各个模块里面其它的参数值, 仪器设置了一个特别的查看功能 在测量状态下, 按 模式 键, 仪器即突出显示测量窗口, 如图 5, 重复按 4/ 或 6/ 键, 可以查看其他测量参数, 比如, 当前测量窗口为电导测量模块, 当前测量参数为电导率, 则重复按 4/ 或 6/ 键时, 仪器会在 TDS 盐度 电阻率 电导率之间来回切换 查看结束, 如果用户在几秒钟内没有继续按键, 仪器会自动退出查看状态 86 用户手册

87 2 图 5 连续测量模式 这是最常使用的一种测量模式, 开始测量后, 仪器始终连续测量 计算和显示测量结果, 用户在测量期间可以查阅测量参数 标定电极 贮存或打印测量结果等等, 测量结束, 用户按 取消 键并 确认 后退出测量模式 定时测量模式 定时测量模式是为了方便用户检测需要而设置的, 比如需要连续 30 分钟检测电导数据, 则用户可以选择这种定时测量模式, 开始测量后, 仪器会自动测量 计算和显示测量结果, 到用户设定的时间间隔时, 仪器自动贮存测量数据, 然后开始下一次测量 按 取消 键并 确认 后可以退出定时测量模式 如果用户选择定时测量模式, 需要设置定时间隔, 时间间隔 1 ~ 99 分钟, 默认间隔为 10 分钟 平衡测量模式 用户首先应该设置好平衡条件 ( 详见 设置平衡条件 ), 开始测量后, 仪器自动测量 计算并显示测量结果, 一旦测量符合设定好的平衡条件, 本次测量即结束 在测量过程中, 用户可以查阅测量参数 标定电极等 测量结束后, 用户可以贮存 打印测量结果 ; 按 取消 键退出测量状态, 或者选择按 测量 键开始下一次测量 用户手册 87

88 2 设置手动温度 温度电极插口如果连接有温度电极时, 仪器自动采用温度电极的温度值, 反之, 仪器采用用户设定的手动温度值作为当前的温度值 ( 盐度测量时始终按 18 补偿, 不以用户设定手动温度为准 ) 按 设置 键, 选择 设置手动温度 项, 按 确认 键, 仪器即进入手动温度设置模块 如图 6 按 设置 键修改手动温度值 用户按照实际需要, 输入手动温度值即可 图 6 设置平衡条件 平衡条件对应平衡测量模式, 设置各测量参数的平衡条件, 图 7 显示电导率的平衡条件即为 1.0%, 当电导率测量值在 5s 时间内的变化量小于测量值的 1.0% 范围时即认为本次测量有效 当用户选择平衡测量模式进行测量时, 如果仪器在设定的平衡时间内所有测量都符合平衡条件, 则本次测量结束 平衡时间只对平衡测量模式有效, 以秒 (s) 为单位, 范围 1 ~ 200 秒 图 7 88 用户手册

89 2 系统设置 系统设置包括 GLP 规范设置 电极标定提示间隔 系统时间等 按 设置 键, 选择 系统设置 项, 按 确认 键, 仪器即进入系统设置模块, 如图 8 所示 按方向键移到至相应项后按 设置 键即可修改相应的参数值 修改完毕, 按 确认 键退出设置状态, 返回起始状态 电极标定间隔 是指仪器提示用户标定电极的时间间隔, 仪器会自动计算前一次标定至今的时间, 如果已经超过用户设定的标定时间间隔, 仪器即弹出提示窗口, 提示用户注意重新标定电极, 电极标定间隔以小时 (h) 为单位 ( 设置零值将关闭该功能 ) 操作者编号是一个三位数的编号, 编号范围为 000 ~ 200, 仪器所有的操作记录都包含有操作者编号 图 8 小心 自动删除贮存数据功能是指当贮存数据量达到仪器最大的贮存量时是否允许自动覆盖, 重复贮存 比如, 仪器允许贮存测量数据 200 套, 当贮存第 201 套数据时, 如果自动删除贮存数据功能打开则仪器自动将第 201 套数据存入第一个数据的位置, 即从头开始贮存, 望用户注意! 如果用户没有选择自动功能, 则仪器会提示用户是否选择从头开始贮存 设置系统时间, 移动至时间项, 按 设置 键即可设置时间 显示如图 9, 窗口显示当前时间, 包括 年 月 日 时 分 秒 如果用户需要修改时间, 按方向键移动光标至需要修改的时间项, 按 设置 键, 并输入相应时间值 用户手册 89

90 2 例如用户需要设置当前的月份时, 可按如下方法操作 : 按方向键移动光标至 月 项, 按 设置 键, 仪器弹出输入窗口, 用户按照当前月份输入, 输入完毕按 确认 键退出输入窗口 同理, 可修改其他时间项, 等所有的时间项修改完毕, 按 确认 键即完成最后的设置, 按 取消 键退出系统时间设置模块 图 9 语言设置 本仪器支持中英文版本供用户选择 在仪器起始状态下, 按 设置 键选择 语言设置 后确认, 用户即可选择中文或者英文版本 设置自动关机 本仪器支持自动关机功能, 允许用户设置关机时间 自动关机时间为 10 ~ 480min, 当仪器运行到设定的自动关机时间时, 仪器将强制关机 设置零值, 可以关闭自动关机功能 当仪器连接电化学数据采集软件时, 此功能无效 恢复默认设置 由于某些操作或者使用上的原因, 可能会导致测量参数的改变, 利用此功能可以恢复至默认值 在仪器起始状态, 按 设置 键选择 恢复默认设置 项并确认后, 即可恢复默认设置值 执行此功能后的具体参数如下 : 修改电极常数标定数据至默认 标液数为 1 个 ; 具体的标液数据为 标称值 :1408 us/cm, 测量值 :1408 us/cm, 标定温度 : 用户手册

91 2 电极常数的设置或标定 此时默认电极常数为 修改 TDS 标定数据至默认 标液数为 1 个 ; 具体的标液数据为 标称值 :704 mg/l, 测量值 :704 mg/l, 标定温度 :25.0 此时默认 TDS 转换系数为 设置温度补偿系数至默认 2.00%/ 设置手动温度为 25.0 ; 设置测量模式为连续测量模式 ; 设置定时测量模式的定时间隔为 10 min ; 关闭标定间隔提示功能 ; 允许数据从头覆盖 ; 设置操作者编号为 000 ; 设置平衡测量模式下的电导率 TDS 盐度等平衡条件为 1.0% ; 设置平衡测量模式下的平衡时间为 5s ; 设置自动关机时间为 0, 即关闭自动关机功能 电极准备 1 首次使用或长时间储存后, 电极的测量端在无水乙醇中浸泡 1 分钟 用新鲜的无水乙醇重复上述操作两次以上 用去离子水充分清洗电导电极, 然在去离子水中浸泡 1 小时以上 2 连接仪器和电极, 参考仪器操作说明书 3 完成一次测量后, 根据测量样品的性质选择合适的清洗方法 用户手册 91

92 2 小心 在清洗的过程中, 避免 C5111 电导电极铂黑层的损坏 4 使用前根据仪器说明书的描述标定电极常数 通常每支电导电极在出厂前已标有电极常数值 但是, 运输和长期储存会改变电极常数值 使用一段时间后电极常数也可能会发生改变 5 电导电极使用前, 应确认样品是否会沾污铂金片或镀铂黑铂金片, 同时确认样品是否会与铂金片或镀铂黑铂金片发生化学反应 6 电极使用中发现异常情况, 请按下列步骤查找原因 电导测试中有三个主要因素 : 电导仪, 电导电极, 溶液 a b c 电导仪参考仪器说明书 电导电极参考电导电极说明书清洗章节 溶液如果电导电极和电导仪在标准溶液中正常工作, 但在样品中不工作, 就需要检查样品中是否有快速粘污铂敏感元件的物质 检查电导电极 标准溶液和样品溶液是否达到温度平衡 电极常数的设置或标定 通常每支电导电极都标有电极常数值, 用户只需要按电极标签标示的常数值设置后就可正常测量 用前根据仪器说明书的描述标定电极常数 通常每支电导电极在出厂前已标有电极常数值 但是, 运输和长期储存会改变电极常数值 使用一段时间后电极常数也可能会发生改变 如果用户需要自己标定, 可以按照以下步骤重新标定电极常数, 本仪器支持两点标定, 如果用户需要测量高电导 ( 大于 10mS/cm) 溶液, 则建议用户使用两点标定 92 用户手册

93 2 根据电极常数, 选择合适的 1 到 2 种标准溶液 ( 见表 1) 配制方法 ( 见表 2), 标准溶液与电导率值关系表 ( 见表 3) ; 1 将电导电极接入仪器, 断开温度电极 ( 仪器不接温度电极 ), 仪器则以手动温度作为当前温度值, 设置手动温度为 25.0, 20, 18, 15 此时仪器所显示的电导率值是未经温度补偿的绝对电导率值 ; 2 用蒸馏水清洗电导电极 ; 3 将电导电极浸入标准溶液中 ; 4 控制溶液温度恒定为 :(25.0±0.1) 或 (20.0±0.1) 或 (18.0±0.1) 或 (15.0±0.1) ; 5 按 标定 键选择 标定电极常数 项并确认后进入电极常数标定状态 ( 如图 10); 图 10 6 按 设置 键设置标准溶液的标称值, 输入表 12 中相应的数据, 即当前标准溶液相应温度下的电导率值, 如图 11 所示 ; 图 11 7 待仪器读数稳定后, 按下 确认 键, 仪器即自动计算出新的电极常数值, 标定结束 ; 按 取消 键, 仪器终止电极常数标定 用户手册 93

94 2 8 如果用户需要测量高电导溶液, 建议采用两点标定方法来标定电极, 首先配置两种标准溶液, 其中高电导标液尽量选择接近样品溶液电导率值 先按照前面方法标定电极常数, 按确认键结束后, 不能按 取消 键退出标定, 而是将电极放入另一高电导标液再次标定, 等仪器读数稳定后按 确认 键, 仪器自动计算电极常数, 标定结束 按 取消 键退出标定 表 1 标定电极常数的 KCl 标准溶液 电极常数 (cm -1 ) KCl 溶液近似浓度 (mol/l) 或 或 1 表 2 标准溶液的组成 近似浓度 (mol/l) 质量浓度 KCl(g/L) 溶液 (20 空气中 ) 将 100mL 0.01mol/L 的溶液稀释至 1 升 表 3 温度近似浓度 (mol/l) KCl 溶液近似浓度及其电导率值 ( 单位 :µs/cm) 关系 15.0 C 18.0 C 20.0 C 25.0 C 30.0 C 用户手册

95 2 通常有二种方法可以得到电极常数值 : 一种用电导标准溶液重新标定, 标定结束仪器会自动计算电极常数 ( 方法如上所述 ); 另一种就是直接设置电极常数值 : 在测量状态下, 按 设置 键, 选择设置电极常数项并确认后, 仪器弹出输入窗口, 用户按照实际电极标签标示的电极常数值输入即可 小心 这二种方法只能选一种, 如果前一次是通过标定得到电极常数值, 现在用户直接输入电极常数, 则仪器会删除前一次的标定数据, 望用户注意 温度系数的设置 仪器需要精度测量时, 温度会影响电导率的测量准确性, 此时需要设置温度系数 在仪器的测量状态下, 按 设置 键选择设置温度系数项并确认后, 仪器会弹出输入窗口, 输入新的温度系数即可 另外, 在仪器的起始状态下, 按 查阅 键, 选择 查阅电导参数 后按 确认 键, 主机显示如图 12, 用户可以查阅上次的标定数据, 包括当前的电极常数以及温度系数值 通常用户无需设置温度系数, 仪器默认的温度系数为 2.00%/ 图 12 用户手册 95

96 2 电导率的测量方法 在测量电导率前应首先选择合适的电导电极, 选择原则如下 ( 可参照表 4): 电极常数为 1.0 的电导电极有 光亮 和 铂黑 二种形式, 镀铂电极习惯称作铂黑电极 ; 两者相比较而言, 光亮电极适用的测量范围为 2 ~ 3000µS/cm, 超过 3000µS/cm 测量误差较大 测量高电导率时, 一般采用高电极常数的电导电极, 当电导率 mS/cm 时, 必须采用电极常数为 5 或 10 的电极 ; 当电导率 mS/cm 时, 必须采用电极常数为 10 的电极 表 4 电导率范围及对应电极常数推荐表 电导率范围 电阻率范围 (Ω cm) 推荐电极常数 (cm -1 ) ~ µs/cm 20.00M ~ 50.0K ~ 200 µs/cm 5.00M ~ 5.00K ~ 20 ms/cm 500 ~ ~ 200 ms/cm 50 ~ 5 10 在仪器的起始状态下, 如果有电导率测量参数则直接按 测量 键即可开始测量, 否则按 设置 键选择测量模式并选择电导率测量参数即可 ( 详见设置测量模式 ), 显示如图 13 其中显示屏上方显示有当前的测量模式 系统时间 ; 测量主窗口显示当前的电导率以及对应的电阻率和温度值 图 13 测量和显示方法会随不同的测量模式而略有不同 在测量过程中, 用户可以重新标定电极 设置测量参数等 ; 测量结束后, 用户可以按 贮存 键, 存贮测量数据 ; 按 输出 键输出测量数据 ; 按 取消 键结束测量 96 用户手册

97 2 小心 在测量电导率及 TDS 时, 温度电极接上, 仪器自动按设定的温度系数将电导率补偿到 25.0 时的值 ; 温度电极不接, 仪器显示待测溶液未经补偿的原始电导率值 在盐度测量时, 温度电极接上, 仪器自动将盐度补偿到 18.0 时的值 ; 温度电极不接, 仪器显示待测溶液未经补偿的盐度值 电阻率的测量方法 温度的测量方法 在电导率测量状态下, 仪器将直接显示当前的电导率以及电阻率值, 用户可以直接测量电阻率 具体操作参见电导率的测量章节 在任何测量状态下, 仪器将直接显示当前溶液的温度值 具体操作参见电导率的测量章节 TDS 转换系数的设置或标定 通常有二种方法可以得到 TDS 转换系数值 : 一种就是直接设置 TDS 转换系数值 在测量状态下, 按 设置 键, 选择设置 TDS 转换系数项并确认后, 仪器弹出输入窗口, 用户按照实际需要, 输入新的 TDS 转换系数即可 另一种用电导标准溶液重新标定, 标定结束仪器会自动计算新的 TDS 转换系数, 标定方法如下所述 : 先根据被测溶液的性质及测量范围, 选择合适的标准溶液 ( 电导率与 TDS 标准溶液关系表参见表 5) 标定操作方法如下 : 1 设置正确的电极常数值 : 在测量状态下, 按 设置 键选择设置电极常数项, 按照实际使用的电导电极标签标示的常数值设置 ; 或者通过重新标定电导电极常数值 完毕后, 按 模式 键再重复按 4/ 键 ( 或 6/ 键 ) 使仪器进入 TDS 测量状态 ; 2 按 标定 键选择标定 TDS 转换系数项并确认后, 进入标定状态, 如图 14 用户手册 97

98 2 图 14 3 用蒸馏水清洗电导电极 ; 4 将电导电极浸入标准溶液中, 控制溶液温度恒定为 : (25.0±0.1) ; 5 按 设置 键选择设置标称值项并确认后, 输入表 5 中相应的数据, 即当前标准溶液的 TDS 值 ; 6 待仪器读数稳定后, 按下 确认 键, 仪器即自动计算出新的 TDS 转换系数值, 标定结束 ; 按 取消 键, 仪器将终止 TDS 转换系数标定 表 5 电导率与 TDS 标准溶液关系 电导率 (µs/cm) TDS 标准值 KCl (mg/l) NaCl (mg/l) 442 (mg/l) 备注 : 表中列出的值为 25 时情况下的值 ; 442 表示 40%Na 2 SO 4 40%NaHCO 3 20%NaCl 98 用户手册

99 2 TDS 的测量方法 盐度的测量方法 数据贮存功能 数据删除功能 在测量 TDS 前需要选择合适的电导电极, 选择原则同测量电导率时电导电极的选择原则 确定电导电极后, 设定合适的电极常数 温度系数以及 TDS 转换系数 或者重新对电导电极进行标定 在仪器的起始状态下, 如果用户已经选择了 TDS 测量参数, 则可直接开始测量, 否则由设置测量模式选择 TDS 测量参数后进行测量 ( 详见设置测量模式 ), 其显示 测量过程以及操作请参见电导率测量章节 测量结束以后, 用户可以按 贮存 键, 存贮测量数据 ; 按 输出 键输出测量数据 ; 按 取消 键结束测量 测量盐度前同样需要选择合适的电导电极, 选择原则同测量电导率时电导电极的选择原则 确定电导电极后, 设定合适的电极常数 在仪器的起始状态下, 如果用户已经选择了盐度测量参数, 则可直接开始测量, 否则可由设置测量模式选择盐度测量参数后进行测量 ( 详见设置测量模式 ) 其显示 测量过程以及操作请参见电导率测量章节 测量结束以后, 用户可以按 贮存 键, 存贮测量数据, 按 取消 键结束测量 本仪器支持贮存电导率 TDS 盐度各 200 套测量数据, 超过 200 套时将允许从头开始存贮 在不同的测量模式下, 数据贮存方式有所不同, 在连续测量模式和平衡测量模式, 用户需等待测量结果稳定后按 贮存 键来手动存贮测量数据 ; 在定时测量模式时, 仪器按照设定的定时间隔, 自动定时贮存测量结果, 当然用户也可以手动贮存结果 具体的测量操作方法参见前面相关章节 仪器支持贮存测量数据, 也支持删除测量数据功能 对于某些因操作不当 或其他原因造成的不确定测量结果, 用户可以逐个删除或者全部删除 仪器只有在查阅存贮数据状态下才能完成该操作 具体操作方法如下 : 通常在仪器的起始状态下或者测量状态下, 按 查阅 键选择查阅相应存贮数据, 进入查阅贮存数据后, 按 删除 键, 选择相应操作即可 用户手册 99

100 2 数据输出功能 数据查阅功能 如果用户需要输出当前的测量数据 上次标定数据或者已存贮的数据, 有两种方法可以实现 一种是使用数据采集软件与仪器建立通讯, 实现上述功能 另一种是使用免费的数据打印软件 用 USB 连接线连接仪器与 PC 机, 然后在 PC 机上运行该软件, 当用户在测量 查阅标定数据 查阅存贮数据时按 输出 键, 本软件将自动接收仪器发送的相应数据, 用户选择打印即可, 详见该软件操作指南 3200C 型电导率仪允许用户查阅当前的测量参数, 包括上次的标定数据和当前使用参数等 ; 允许用户直接修改测量参数 ; 允许查阅存贮数据 在仪器的起始状态, 按 查阅 键, 并选择相应选项即可查阅 修改测量参数和查阅存贮数据 ( 图 15) 图 用户手册

101 2 查阅贮存数据 仪器按照测量参数存贮数据, 所有存贮数据支持 GLP 规范 仪器允许存贮电导率 TDS 盐度值等符合 GLP 规范的测量数据各 200 套 在仪器起始状态, 按 查阅 键, 选择 查阅电导率存贮数据 显示如图 16, 其中显示屏上方显示当前查阅模式以及实际的存贮数 ; 每页最多可显示 10 个存贮数据, 显示情况随不同查阅模式而而异, 主要包括存贮时间 操作者编号等 用户按方向键查看每个存贮数据 此时, 如果用户需要打印 删除存贮数据, 分别按 输出 ( 首先通过 USB 连接线连接 PC) 删除 键选择相应操作 查阅 TDS 存贮数据和盐度存贮数据方法同 查阅电导率存贮数据 图 16 查阅测量参数 在仪器的起始状态下, 按 查阅 键, 选择 查阅电导参数 后, 按 确认 键即可查阅电导参数, 显示如图 17, 其中上方为上次的标定数据 ; 下面为当前电导的参数值, 包括电导常数以及温度系数 图 17 用户手册 101