7 47 Facet 2 XZ 1 Fig 1 Model of child restraint system in vehicle rear seat Fig 2 2 Finite element model of booster seat MADYMO Hybrid Ⅲ 6 1 ECE R44

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1 ( 自然科学版 ) 40 7 Journal of South China University of Technology Vol 40 No Natural Science Edition July X * 建立了基于多刚体动力学 MADYMO 软件的儿童乘员约束系统台车碰撞系统的仿真模型, 包括儿童座椅增高垫成人安全带系统后排座椅 6 岁儿童假人, 研究了成人安全带系统的限力器和预紧器的相关参数对儿童乘员碰撞响应和损伤值的影响结果表明 : 卷收器预紧器可有效减小儿童乘员伤害值, 同时减小儿童乘员的下潜风险 ; 而锚点预紧器会增大儿童乘员的下潜风险, 锚点预紧器与安全带单向锁止器配合使用可降低儿童乘员的下潜风险 ; 广泛用于降低成年人碰撞伤害的 4 0 kn 卷收器式限力器在本研究中被证实对于儿童乘员没有明显的保护效果, 减小成人安全带限力值可对儿童起到较好保护作用汽车工程 ; 碰撞仿真 ; 儿童增高垫 ; 下潜 ; 预紧器 ; 限力器 U467 4; TH122 doi: /j issn X ECE R44 FMVSS Mertz 8 6 kn Kate 3 Ⅲ 50 th 40% Arbogast 仿真平台描述 MADYMO * TD YX tang-l04@ mails tsinghua edu cn

2 7 47 Facet 2 XZ 1 Fig 1 Model of child restraint system in vehicle rear seat Fig 2 2 Finite element model of booster seat MADYMO Hybrid Ⅲ 6 1 ECE R44 3 MADYMO 4 49 km /h ECE R ECE R44 Fig 3 Acceleration curves obtained by ECE R44 sled test 30 mm 4 a b 4 c 2 儿童座椅约束系统控制参数研究 Table 1 1 Load cases for pretensioner 2 50 mm 40 mm 40 mm 2 4 6

3 48 ( 自然科学版 ) HIC X / mm Z / mm /g Nij Neck injury ms /g ms /g /mm ms /g XZ /mm 3 4 Table 3 Load cases for load limiter Fig 4 Comparisons of impact responses of dummy in different pretensioner cases 2 2 HIC 2 Nij Table 2 Injury indexes and peak values in different pretensioner cases 3 ms mm 23 mm 4 c kn a b c kn kn

4 kn 4 Table 4 Injury index and peck values in different load limiter cases 3 ms HIC d X / mm Z / mm /g Nij Neck injury ms /g ms /g /mm ms /g XZ 4 0 kn /mm kn kn 6 Fig ms Effect of load limiter force of shoulder belt on dummy posture animation time 150 ms 3 结论 Fig 5 Comparisons of impact responses of dummy in different load limiter cases

5 50 ( 自然科学版 ) Klinich K D Pritz H B Beebe M S et al Survey of older kn children in automotive child restraints C Society of Automotive Engineers Detroit s n Bilston L Sagar N Geometry of rear seats and child restraints compared to child anthropometry J Stapp Car kn Crash Journal Mertz H J Horsch J D Horn G et al Hybrid Ⅲ sternal 1 Goldwitz J Van A W FMVSS child occupant protection regulations C Society of Automotive Engineers Detroit s n Bell R Burleigh D An empirical comparison of the FM- VSS 213 and ECE R44 03 standards for child restraints C Society of Automotive Engineers Detroit s n Kate D J Michiel V R Philippe L et al Assessing new child dummies and criteria for child occupant protection in frontal impact C Proceeding of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles ESV S l s n Couturier S Faure J Satu R et al Procedure to assess D 2008 submarining in frontal impact C Proceedings of 20th 5 Arbogast K B Chen I Nance M L et al Predictors of pediatric abdominal injury risk J Stapp Car Crash Journal deflection associated with thoracic injury severities of occupants restraint with force-limiting shoulder belts C Society of Automotive Engineers Detroit s n Rooij L V Sherwood Z The effects of vehicle seat belt parameters on the injury risk for children in booster seats C Society of Automotive Engineers Detroit s n D Nilson G Haland Y An analytical method to assess the risk of the lap belt slipping off the pelvis in frontal impacts C Society of Automotive Engineers Detroit s n International Conference on Experiential Safety Vehicle ESV France s n 2007 Factors Influencing Injury Risk and Submarining Tendency of Child Occupant Tang Liang 1 2 Wu Tao-tao 1 2 Zhou Qing 2 Deng Bin 3 1 School of Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China 2 State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua University Beijing China 3 General Motors China Science Lab Shanghai China Abstract In this paper a trolley-crash simulation model of child restraint system which includes a booster seat an adult seatbelt system a vehicle rear seat and a child dummy model is established based on the multi-rigid-body dynamics software MADYMO Then the effects of load limiter and pretensioner of the adult seatbelt system on the impact response and the injury value of child occupant are investigated The results indicate that the retractor pretensioner effectively reduces the injury value and the submarining risk of child occupant while an anchor pretensioner alone may increase the submarining tendency but an anchor pretensioner combined with an one-way locking tongue can reduce the submarining tendency that the 4 0 kn retractor-type load limiter widely applied in adult injury reduction has no obvious effect on the protection of child occupant and a lower load level of the adult load limiter provides the best protection for child occupant Key words automotive engineering crash simulation child booster seat submarining pretensioner load limiter

Fig. 1 1 The sketch for forced lead shear damper mm 45 mm 4 mm 200 mm 25 mm 2 mm mm Table 2 The energy dissip

Fig. 1 1 The sketch for forced lead shear damper mm 45 mm 4 mm 200 mm 25 mm 2 mm mm Table 2 The energy dissip * - 1 1 2 3 1. 100124 2. 100124 3. 210018 - ABAQUS - DOI 10. 13204 /j. gyjz201511033 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND THEORETICAL MODEL OF A NEW TYPE OF STEEL-LEAD DAMPING Shen Fei 1 Xue Suduo 1 Peng Lingyun 2 Ye