Microsoft Word - 17潘军.doc

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Microsoft Word - 17潘军.doc"

验步
7 years ago
Views:

1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Jan. 202, 20(): DOI: /SP.J * 潘,2 军 3 曹玉凤吕孙凯佳超张 ** 高腾云丽王笑笑 ( ; ; ) 为了研究 4 种食用菌栽培后对栽培基质棉籽壳的营养价值和山羊瘤胃动态降解率的影响, 选用 6 只年龄 (0 月龄 ) 体重[(35.42±3.96)kg] 接近并装有永久瘤胃瘘管的槐山羊羯羊, 通过化学分析法测定了棉籽壳和 4 种菌糠的化学成分, 并采用尼龙袋技术, 分 5 批次测定了棉籽壳平菇菌糠木耳菌糠金针菇菌糠和白灵菇菌糠瘤胃动态降解率结果表明 : ()4 种菌糠干物质 (DM) 和有机物 (OM) 含量分别比其栽培原料棉籽壳的含量降低 3.09%~9.67%(P<0.0) 和 4.3%~39.52%(P<0.0), 粗蛋白 (CP) 含量分别比棉籽壳提高 40.20%~34.29%(P<0.0), 中性洗涤纤维 (NDF) 和酸性洗涤纤维 (ADF) 含量分别比棉籽壳降低 3.07%~39.72% 和 7.80%~45.9%(P<0.0); (2) 木耳菌糠金针菇菌糠白灵菇菌糠的 DM 和 OM 在瘤胃内的有效降解率和 a+b 值 ( 快速降解部分和慢速降解部分之和 ) 均极显著高于棉籽壳 (P<0.0), 平菇菌糠的 DM 和 OM 在瘤胃内的有效降解率显著高于棉籽壳 (P<0.05); 平菇菌糠金针菇菌糠白灵菇菌糠的 CP 在瘤胃内的有效降解率和 a+b 值均极显著高于棉籽壳 (P<0.0); 4 种菌糠的 NDF 和 ADF 在瘤胃内的有效降解率分别比棉籽壳提高 76.72%~702.63%(P<0.0) 和 37.4%~575.3%(P<0.0) 因此, 在棉籽壳上栽培 4 种食用菌均能改善棉籽壳的营养价值和提高山羊瘤胃消化率, 栽培食用菌后的菌糠更有利于作为反刍动物饲料进行利用棉籽壳食用菌菌糠山羊营养价值瘤胃降解率 : S827 : A : (202) Effects of mushroom cultivation on nutritional value and dynamics of goat ruminal degradability of cottonseed hull PAN Jun,2, CAO Yu-Feng 3, LU Chao, GAO Teng-Yun, WANG Xiao-Xiao, SUN Kai-Jia, ZHANG Li (. College of Animal and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou , China; 2. Aksu Vocational and Technical College, Aksu , China; 3. College of Animal Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 07000, China) Abstract Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a byproducts of mushroom cultivation, which uses straw and cottonseed hulls as substrate. SMS is an important middle part connecting plants and animals in the entire ecosystem. Cottonseed hulls were fermented during edible fungi cultivation and was one of raw materials of SMS, which can be used as ruminants feed. Six ruminally cannulated local white wether goats (0 month old with 35.42±3.96 kg initial body weight) were used to evaluate the nutritional value and in situ dry mater (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation characteristics of SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia polytricha, Flammulina velutipes and P. ferulae and cottonseed hulls. The study analyzed the effects of mushroom cultivation on nutritional value and dynamics of rumen degradability of cottonseed hull and four SMS. Compared with cottonseed hull, the results showed that DM and OM of the 4 SMSs dropped by 3.09%~9.67% (P < 0.0) and 4.3%~39.52% (P < 0.0), respectively. CP of the 4 SMSs increased by 40.20%~ 34.29% (P < 0.0), while NDF and ADF declined by 3.07%~39.72% (P < 0.0) and 7.80%~45.9% (P < 0.0), respectively. Effective rumen degradability of DM and * (nycytx-38) (CARS-37) ** : (964 ),,,, tygao@37.net (983 ),,, panstone5panstone5@gmail.com : :

2 OM, and a+b value of A. polytricha, F. velutipes and P. ferulae SMSs were significantly (P < 0.0) higher than those of cottonseed hull. Also effective rumen degradability of DM and OM, and a+b value of P. ostreatus SMSs were higher (P < 0.05) than those of cottonseed hull. Then effective rumen degradability of CP and a+b value of P. ostreatus, F. velutipes and P. ferulae SMSs were significantly (P < 0.0) higher than those of cottonseed hull. Effective rumen degradability of NDF and ADF of 4 SMSs increased by 76.72%~702.63% (P < 0.0) and 37.4%~575.3% (P < 0.0), respectively. In conclusion, nutritional value and effective rumen degradability of the 4 SMSs improved by mushroom cultivation on cottonseed hulls, which were also fit for use as feed for ruminants. Key words Cottonseed hull, Edible mushroom, Spent mushroom substrate, Goat, Nutritive value, Rumen degradability (Received Feb. 28, 20; accepted Jul., 20),,,,,,,,,,,, (spent mushroom substrate, SMS) [] Bae [2], (NDF) (64%~78%), (7%~%),, [3], ; [4],, NDF ; Yamakawa [5] Montanez [6],,, [7],,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, 材料与方法. (3 : 98%, %, 0.5%, 0.5%),, ( : 90%, 7%, %, %, %), 68 ; 4 2,, 68 3, 40 (0.45 mm) (DM)(OM) (CP)(EE) (ASH) (Ca) (P), 20 (0.9 mm) (NDF) (ADF), 8 (2.0 mm).2 6 (0 ) [(35.42±3.96)kg],, NRC(98),.2,, , 8:00 20:00 2,.3 300, 6 cm 8 cm,,, 2.0 g 2.0 mm 4,

3 : 95 表试验用山羊的日粮配方和营养水平 Table Composition and nutritional level of diet of goats used in the experiment g kg Composition of diet Nutritional level Ingredient Ratio Item Peanut vines Concentrate Peanut vines 670 Dry matter Maize 50 Crude protein Wheat bran 30 Ether extract Soybean meal 25 Neutral detergent fiber Peanut cake 40 Acid detergent fiber Corn germ meal 40 Ash DDGS 25 Calcium Salt 3 Phosphorus Sodium bicarbonate 3 Mountain meal 5 Dicalcium phosphate 5 Premix 4 0 h 6 h 2 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 72 h, 2, h 4 5, 6, 7 d (0 h), 55 min, min, h, DM CP OM NDF ADF DM CP EE ADF NDF Ca P, [8].4 = 00% () Ørskov [9], : P=a+b( e ct ) (2), P t, %; a, %; b, %; c b, % h ; t, h SPSS 6.0 a, b c (ED, %): ED=a+bc/(c+k) (3), a, %; b, %; c, % h ; k, % h, 3.765% [0].5 SPSS,, Duncan, ± 2 结果与分析 2. 2, 4 DM OM 3.09%~9.67%(P<0.0) 4.3%~39.52%(P<0.0); 4 CP 40.20% 63.68% 43.92% 34.29%, (P<0.0); 4 EE 66.48% 3.84% 46.93% 93.86%, (P<0.0); 4 NDF 3.07%(P>0.05) 6.32%(P< 0.0) 5.28%(P<0.0) 39.72%(P<0.0);4 ADF 7.80% 8.42% 26.28% 45.9%, (P<0.0); Ca, P 2.2 3, DM OM 22.23% 30.45%(P<0.05); DM OM 40.6% 92.73% 58.52% 49.73% 2.27% 78.82%, (P<0.0), DM OM ; 4 a (P<0.0), a+b (P<0.0)

4 表 2 试验用 4 种菌糠和棉籽壳的常规营养成分 Table 2 Nutritional components of four spent mushroom substrates (SMS) and cottonseed hull used in the experiment g kg Nutritional component Cottonseed hull SMS of P. ostreatus SMS of A. polytricha SMS of F. velutipes SMS of P. ferulae (DM) Dry matter 95.2±30.A 764.3±2.5B 795.4±23.2B 784.5±8.7B 735.2±4.6B (OM) Organic matter 883.2±2.8A 652.±0.B 758.4±4.0B 735.7±34.3B 534.2±2.5C (CP) Crude protein 59.2±22.A 83.0±20.8B 96.9±4.4C 85.2±5.7BC 79.5±2.2BD (EE) Ether extract 7.9±3.5A 6.0±2.5B 2.2±4.Ca 9.5±.4Cb.±.0D Ash 32.0±0.9Aa 85.9±0.0B 37.0±4.7Aab 48.7±6.2Ab 20.0±6.5B (NDF) Neutral detergent fiber 844.0±20.A 88.±68.2AB 790.7±26.7B 75.0±9.2C 508.8±26.6D (ADF) Acid detergent fiber 683.±28.5A 56.5±52.0Ba 557.3±2.9Ba 503.6±26.3C 369.5±3.5D Calcium.4±0.9Aa 8.4±.9Bc 7.3±2.9Bc 3.8±2.5Ab 42.7±8.9C Phosphorus 2.0±.a 2.0±.4a.9±2.a.8±0.9ab.5±0.6b (P<0.0) (P<0.05), Different capital and small letters in the same line indicate extremely significant difference (P < 0.0) and significant difference (P < 0.05). The same below. 表 3 4 种菌糠和棉籽壳营养成分的山羊瘤胃降解率 Table 3 Goat rumen degradability of nutritional components of four spent mushroom substrates (SMS) and cottonseed hull % Nutritional componment (DM) Dry matter (OM) Organic matter (CP) Crude protein (NDF) Neutral detergent fiber (ADF) Acid detergent fiber Dynamic degradation parameter Cottonseed hull SMS of P. ostreatus SMS of A. polytricha SMS of F. velutipes SMS of P. ferulae a 5.507±0.4Aa 6.756±0.72ABb 7.89±0.200Bb 6.525±0.422C 4.496±0.37D b ±.378A 48.29±.230BC 75.62±.92D 47.46±.23BC ±.279AC c 0.06± ± ± ± ±0.006 r a+b ±.378Ac ±.403Ab 82.98±2.2B ±.636C ±.649C ED 5.735±0.46Aa 7.00±0.79Ab 8.038±0.205B 6.788±0.429C 4.826±0.379D a 4.54±0.06A 5.53±0.4Ba 6.389±0.63Bb 3.480±0.344C.983±0.306D b 47.95±.225A 50.43±.289AB ±2.008C ±.283AB ±.375B c 0.02± ± ± ± ±0.00 r a+b ±.33A ±.429A ±2.7B ±.628C ±.68C ED 4.420±0.3Aa 5.766±0.47ABb 6.68±0.69Bc 3.758±0.352C 2.324±0.35D a 8.490±0.27A ±0.656B 6.807±0.74C.088±0.283D 8.547±0.474E b ±.03A ±0.778B ±.528C ±.452C 50.40±.282D c 0.00± ± ± ± ±0.009 r a+b 48.30±.230A ±.434B ±.702C 67.90±.736C ±.756C ED 8.595±0.29Aa ±0.667B 7.264±0.86Ab.656±0.298C 8.970±0.485D a 0.264±0.007A.367±0.035B 3.860±0.099C 4.423±0.0D 0.56±0.44E b 48.33±.235A ±.664Ba 39.60±0.03C ±0.524Bb ±2.0D c 0.08± ± ± ± ±0.000 r a+b ±.242Aa ±.698B ±.Ab ±.637B ±2.025C ED 0.494±0.03A.59±0.04B 3.965±0.0C 4.738±0.2D 0.873±0.224E a.348±0.034a 0.409±0.266B 3.774±0.097C 3.524±0.090C 7.087±0.8D b ±.05A ±0.90B ±2.247C 58.25±.489D 6.02±.562D c 0.02± ± ± ± ±0.000 r a+b ±.40A ±.67A 9.700±2.344B 6.775±.579Ca 68.89±.743Cb ED.588±0.04A 0.724±0.274B 3.844±0.098Ca 3.770±0.096Ca 7.346±0.88D CP %(P<0.0) 35.6%(P<0.0) 20.7%(P< 0.0), CP 5.49%(P<0.05),, CP ; CP a (P<0.0),

5 : 97 4 CP a+b (P<0.0) 4 NDF ADF % % 859.% 76.72% 575.3% 42.07% 37.4% %, (P<0.0); NDF, ADF ; 4 NDF ADF a (P<0.0), NDF a+b (P<0.0), ADF a+b (P<0.0) 3 讨论 3. 4 DM OM, Valdez [], OM DM 4 CP CP, CP Fazaeli [2] Zadrazil [3], CP 4 NDF ADF,,,,, [4 5] Fazaeli [6] CP NDF ADF, EE EE, Adamović [7], EE ; Shabtay [8],,, EE, EE Ca, ;, CP(7.95%~9.69%), NDF(50.88%~8.8%) ADF(36.95%~56.5%),, Bae [2], 3.2, Ørskov McDonald P= a+b( e ct ), r 0.99,, a, 4 DM OM NDF ADF,, 4 DM OM CP NDF ADF a+b, 4 DM OM, Díaz-Godínez [9] DM [3] DM OM Mukherjee [20] DM,,,, CP, [3] CP, [2] CP 45.65%,,, CP, Li [22], 45 d, ; [4],, DM NDF 4,

6 Mukherjee [20],, NDF ADF 4 小结 4, CP, NDF ADF, DM OM CP NDF ADF, 4,, 参考文献 [],,,. [J]., 200, 3(3): [2] Bae J S, Kim Y I, Jung S H, et al. Evaluation on feed-nutritional value of spent mushroom (Pleurotus osteratus, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutupes) substrates as a roughage source for ruminants[j]. Animal Feed Sci Technol, 2006, 48(2): [3],,,. [J]., 200, 47(8): [4],,,. [J]., 2009, 28(0): [5] Yamakawa M, Abe H, Okamoto M. Effect of incubation with edible mushroom, pleurotus ostreatus, on voluntary intake and digestibility of rice straw by sheep[j]. Anim Sci Technol, 992, 63: [6] Montanez O D, Ortega M E, Cobos M A, et al. Effect of the feeding of wheat straw treated with Pleurotus florida on sheep ruminal flora[j]. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 2004, 38(3): [7],,. [J]., 2005, 3(4): [8]. [M]. :, 2003 [9] Ørskov E R, McDonald I. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[j]. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 979, 92(2): [0]. [D]. :, 2004 [] Valdez O D M, Flores E O G, García J A M, et al. Use of Pleurotus pulmonarius to change the nutritional quality of wheat straw. I. Effect on chemical composition[j]. Interciencia, 2008, 33(6): [2] Fazaeli H, Azizi A, Jelan Z A M, et al. Effect of fungal treatment on the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and in sacco degradability of wheat straw[j]. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science, 2003, 3: 66 [3] Zadrazil F, Karma D N, Isikhuemhen O S. Bioconversion of lignocellulose into ruminant feed with white rot fungi[j]. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 996, 0: [4] Commanday F, Macy J M. Effect of substrate nitrogen on lignin degradation by Pleurotus ostreatus[j]. Archives of Microbiology, 985, 42(): 6 65 [5] Karunanandaa K, Varga G A, Akin D E, et al. Botanical fractions of rice straw colonized by white-rot fungi: Changes in chemical composition and structure[j]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 995, 55(3): [6] Fazaeli H. Nutritive value index of treated wheat straw with Pleurotus fungi[j]. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 2007, 23(5/6/): [7] Adamović M, Grubić G, Milenković I, et al. The biodegradation of wheat straw by Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms and its use in cattle feeding[j]. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 998, 7(3): [8] Shabtay A, Hadar Y, Eitam H, et al. The potential of Pleurotus-treated olive mill solid waste as cattle feed[j]. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 00(24): [9] Díaz-Godínez G, Sánchez C. In situ digestibility and nutritive value of maize straw generated after Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation[j]. Can J Anim Sci, 2002, 82(4): [20] Mukherjee R, Nandi B. Improvement of in vitro digestibility through biological treatment of water hyacinth biomass by two Pleurotus species[j]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2004, 53(): 7 2 [2],,,. [J]., 2005, 24(3): [22] Li X J, Pang Y Z, Zhang R H. Compositional changes of cottonseed hull substrate during P. ostreatus growth and the effects on the feeding value of the spent substrate[j]. Bioresource Technology, 200, 80(2): 57 6

吴根良等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 4 土传病害也因此日趋严重严重影响草莓的产量和品质轮作尤其是水旱轮作是克服连作障 5 6 233 棚揭开大棚膜其他大棚不揭膜都按常规进行水肥农药的管理 8 月初前作结束后用产品名碍的有效技术措施之一其中有关水稻草 7

吴根良等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 4 土传病害也因此日趋严重严重影响草莓的产量和品质轮作尤其是水旱轮作是克服连作障 5 6 233 棚揭开大棚膜其他大棚不揭膜都按常规进行水肥农药的管理 8 月初前作结束后用产品名碍的有效技术措施之一其中有关水稻草 7 24( 2) : 232 237 浙江农业学报 Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis 2012 http: / / www zjnyxb cn 2012 24( 2) : 吴根良忻雅童建新等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 J 浙江农业学报 232 237 不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 1 吴根良忻 ( 1 1 * 雅童建新1