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1 5 L i n u x I D User ID U I D I D Group ID G I D U I D G I D set -UID Windows NT L i n u x L i n u x U I D Wi n d o w s S I D Windows NT L i n u x N T A d m i n i s t r a t o r L i n u x L i n u x Access Control Lists A C L 19 N I S 5.1 L i n u x L i n u L i n u x w w w World Wide We b

2 home directory / h o m e h d c / h o m e / h d c / Apache We b w w w / u s r / l o c a l / a p a c h e U N I X / L i n u x / r o o t / h o m e / u / h o m e / h o m e / e n g i n e e r i n g / h o m e / a c c o u n t i n g / h o m e / a d m i n B o s z e / h o m e / e n g i n e e r i n g / b o s z e N S A D E S D E S U I D s h e l l 18

3 5 55 s h a d o w s h a d o w l o g i n L i n u x F r e e B S D M D 5 c o ff e e is VERY GOOD for you and me c i V G f y a m shell s h e l l Wi n d o w s c o m m a n d. c o m Program Manager U N I X s h e l l 6 s h e l l Bourne Again Shell B A S H L i n u x s h e l l / e t c / s h e l l s s h e l l U N I X / e t c / s h e l l s s h e l l s h e l l s h e l l B A S H D O S a u t o e x e c. b a t c o n f i g. s y s D O S U N I X

4 56 s h e l l s c r i p t s h e l l B A S H. b a s h r c. b a s h r c a u t o e x e c. b a t L i n u x L i n u x L i n u x / v a r / s p o o l / m a i l j y o m / v a r / s p o o l / m a i l / j y o m c h o w n c h m o d c h g r p t o u c h [ root@ford /root ] # touch myfile m y f i l e 5.2 Windows NT User Manager A P I L i n u x U N I X p i c o We b U N I X L i n u x L i n u x /etc/passwd / e t c / p a s s w d I D U I D

5 5 57 I D G I D G E C O S s h e l l s s h a h b o Q a v h h a C K a X g Steven Shah / h o m e / s s h a h / b i n / t c s h U N I X U N I X D E S * b o Q a v h h a C K a X g * boqavhhackaxg*caught pirating I D U I D U I 0 0 U I D U I D r o o t 0 U I D Windows NT Windows NT L i n u x n o b o d y U I D 80 s h e l l

6 /etc/shadow / e t c / p a s s w d / e t c / p a s s w d / e t c / s h a d o w / e t c / s h a d o w / e t c / s h a d o w s s h a h b o Q a v h h a C K a X g /etc/group / e t c / p a s s w d I D G I D / e t c / g r o u p G I D / e t c / g r o u p I D G I D p r o j e c t b a H r E 1 K P N j r P E sshah, hdc

7 5 59 / e t c / p a s s w d 8 G I D p r o j e c t b a H r E 1 K P N j r P E sshah, hdc p r o j e c t * L D A P We b L i n u x G U I u s e r a d d u s e r d e l u s e r m o d g r o u p a d d g r o u p d e l g r o u p m o d G U I Red Hat L i n u x 1. useradd u s e r a d d G U I

8 60 [ root@ford /root ] # useradd sshah s s h a h useradd -D useradd -c comment G E C O S Steven Shah -c Steven -d homedir / h o m e / l o g i n s s h a h / h o m e / s h a h -d /home/sysadm/sshah -e expire-date M M / D D / Y Y e 04/01/ f inactive-time 0-1 -f g initial group / e t c / g r o u p -g project -G group [,... ] - G p r o j e c t a d m i n -G projetc, a d m i n -m [ -k skel-dir ] / e t c / s k e l 2 - k skel dir - m - k / e t c / a d m i n s k e l -m -k /etc/adminskel - M - m - M - n Red Hat Linux -s shell s h e l l X - Wi n d o w s Bourne Shell / b i n / b a s h s h e l l Turbo C Shell / b i n / t c s h s h e l l s h e l l / e t c / s h e l l s -u uid U I D L o g i n U I D U I D

9 5 61 H. D. Core a d m i n s u p p o r t a d m i n Turbo C Shell h d c [ root@fordd /root ] # useradd -c " H. D. core " -g admin -G sopport -s /bin/tcsh hdc 2. userdel u s e r d e l u s e r a d d userdel [ -r ] u s e r n a m e userdel sshah / e t c / p a s s w d / e t c / s h a d o w / e t c / g r o u p userdel -r sshah 3. usermod u s e r m o d u s e r a d - l u s e r a d d - l - u U I D u s e r m o d h d c H. D. H H. D. Core [ root@ford/root ] # usermod -c " H. D. Core " hdc 4. groupadd / e t c / g r o u p U I D g r o u p a d d / e t c / g r o u p groupadd [ -g gid ] [ -r ] [ -f ] group 5-2 G I D 8 00 r e s e a r c h

10 62 [ root@ford /root ] # groupadd -g 800 research 5-2 groupadd -g g i d G I D g i d - r Red Hat 499 G I D - r g r o u p a d d f Red Hat Linux g ro u p 5. groupdel g r o u p u s e r d e l g r o u p d e l / e t c / g r o u p groupdel g r o u p g r o u p r e s e a r c h [ root@ford /root ] # groupdel research 6. groupmod g r o u p m o d groupmod -g gid -n group-name group - g G I D - n s u p e r m a n b a t m a n [ root@ford /root ] # groupmod -n batman superman L i n u x C o n f L i n u x C o n f L i n u x C o n f X - Wi n d o w s G N O M E E n l i g h t e n m e n t Red Hat L i n u x C o n f l i n u x c o n f L i n u x C o n f L i n u x C o n f 5-1

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13 5 65 U I D D e l L i n u x C o n f A c c e p t / h o m e / o l d a c c o u n t s 4. L i n u x C o n f Group Definition 5-6 A d d A c c e p t 5. A c c e p t

14 66 D e l D e l Ye s 5-6 L i n u x C o n f 5.4 SetUID S e t G I D / v a r / l o g / m e s s a g e s l s s s h a h l s l s s s h a h S e t U I D l s S e t U I D o n s s h a h l s l s s s h a h S e t G I D S e t U I D S e t G I D c h m o d 6 S e t U I D 4 S e t G I D 2 / b i n / l s S e t U I D [ root@ford /root ] # chmod 4755 /bin/ls

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Unixlinux²Ù×÷ÏµÍ³ÊµÑé½Ì³ÌÖ¸µ¼2 Unix/Linux 操作系统实验教程指导书信息科学与技术学院韩洁琼邱科宁编 2014 年 9 月实验二 Linux 系统管理本章知识点 : Linux 系统各种文件系统的特点目录和结构权限系统模型用户管理用户组管理本章重点 : 修改文件和目录的