4,: 93 [1 ],,, Slackc [2 ] Dg ( FMCDM) [3 ] ; [ 425 ],,, [6 ],, 1 [628 ] Coase [ 6 ],, [ 7 ],, :,, ;, ; [ 6 ], :, ;,,,, :I = {

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1 Joural of Traffc ad Trasportato Egeerg Vol19 No14 Aug : (2009) ,2 1,,2 1, (11, ; 21,200082) :, 4, : ; ;, : ; ; ; :U :A Isttutoal evoluto mechasm of shppg orgazato based o trasacto cost CH EN J2hog 1,2, ZH EN Hog 1,2, ZON G Be2hua 1 (1. School of Trasport ad Commucatos, Shagha Martme Uversty, Shagha , Cha ; 2. Shagha Iteratoal Shppg Isttute, Shagha , Cha) Abstract : I order to aalyze t he sttutoal evoluto process of teratoal shppg orgazato, four kds of typcal forms, such as ler coferece, dscusso agreemet, cosortum, strategc allace, ad t he evoluto mechasm of terato al shppg orgazato were st uded. stt uto al patters of duced chage ad madatory chage fo r shppg orgazato s were compared based o trasacto cost t heory. Aalyss result dcates that trasacto cost s exst t he processes of formulato ad chage of shppg orgazato. Co st marg, f rcto cost as well as opport uty cost are t he specfc forms of trasacto cost t s evoluto process. Because of t rasacto co st s, shppg orgazato stt uto s o 2equlbrum, ad t s develop met volves a chagg ad o 2equlbrum p rocess. 3 tabs, 16 ref s. Key words : traffc trasportato ; shppg orgazato ; trasacto cost ; evoluto mechasm Author resumes : C H EN J 2ho g ( 19812), male, doctoral st udet, , com ; ZH EN Hog (19582), male, professor, , gmal. com. Two 0,, : : ( ) : (19812),,,, : (19582),,, 转载

2 4,: 93 [1 ],,, Slackc [2 ] Dg ( FMCDM) [3 ] ; [ 425 ],,, [6 ],, 1 [628 ] Coase [ 6 ],, [ 7 ],, :,, ;, ; [ 6 ], :, ;,,,, :I = { 1,, }, I, v, v ( S) v( T) I S T, [ 6 ] v ( S T) v ( S) + v ( T) (1), (1) { I, v} [9 ] (Ler Coferece or Coferece) (Dscusso Agree2 met s) (1), ( Cosortum) ( Strategc Allaces) 2. 2 [627 ],, 1 Tab. 1 Forms of teratoal shppg orgazatos 1875,, , Coase Coase ( ),, l (, 2,, ) y, y = y ( ) p, p [9210 ], p = p ( y) p = D - 1 ( q) = a - by = a - b y (2) = a - bq : a b 2 ; D ( q) ; q ; D - 1 ( q) l () w, l r

3 , r = y p ( y) - w y (3) j { 1,2,, }, { 1,2,, },j, (3) r = y a - b( y + y j ) - w y (4) l y l j y 3 j ( j ), y 3 j l j, [9 ], l max r = - by 2 + a - b y j - w y j (5) (5), 5 r = 0, 5 y - 2by + a - b y j - w = 0 l y 3 y 3 r 3 y 3 = a - b y j - w / 2b (6) (5), l = a - b r 3 (6) (7) y 3 r 3 y j - w / 4b (7),, [829 ] R = Y P ( Y) - W Y = Y ( a - by) - W Y = - by 2 + ( a - W ) Y (8) : R ; Y ; W ; P( Y) P (8) Y 3 R 3 = ( a - W ) / 2b = ( a - W ) / 4b : R 3 ; Y 3, y Y 3 r R 3,,,,,,,,,, [9 ],, ( ),,,20 /, C KYH 3 [11213 ],,, Coase,, [627 ],,,, Nort h,,, [7,14 ],,,, :,

4 4,: 95, ;, (1),, (2) (3), [15 ], ( ),,,, CC,, [14 ] V, max V = max E( X - S ) = max ( X - S ) (9) u ( S ) - C0 (10) u ( S ) - C u ( S ) - C (11) : S () ; X ; E ( X - S ) ;( S ) S (10), (11), [14215 ] ( ) (), = ( X - S ) - C- C- C- u( S ) ( - u ( S ) - ) (12) (12) 5 =, 5 = - 5 C 5 C (+ ) (13) : (10) (11),, d d [14215 ] d v = ( X - S ) d + (+ ) u( S ) d (14) d v = - u( S ) d (15) (14) (15),,,,,,,, [14215 ],,,, ,,,,,, [14215 ],, [14215 ] S 3, S 3, S - f [14216 ] u( S - - f ) = E[ u( S 3 ) ] (16),,, S - - f, S 3,,, S 3 [14215 ],

5 () ( ),, [627 ],,,,: ;,,, Coase,Coase [ 627 ] 3. 3, [16 ] () ;,,,19,,,,( ),,, 1998 [ 12 ], 2008, 4056/ 86,, 2 2 Tab. 2 Patters of sttutoal chages for shppg orgazatos ; ; ; ; 4, [10 ],, [16 ],,,, [16 ] 2,, 2,,, (3) 3 Tab. 3 No2equlbrum of shppg orgazato sttuto,, ;, ; ;, ;,, ; ; ;, ;,;;,

6 4,: 97 5,,,, :, ;, : Refereces : [ 1 ]. [J ]., 1997,12 (1) : ZHAO Gag. Aalyss ad mprovemet o the vessel allocato model of ler servce[j ]. Joural of Systems Egeerg, 1997, 12 (1) : ( Chese) [ 2 ] SLACKC B, COMTOIS C, MCCALLA R. Strategc allaces the cotaer shppg dustry : a global perspectve[j ]. Mar2 tme Polcy & Maagemet, 2002, 29 (1) : [ 3 ] DIN GJ F, LIAN G G S. Usg fuzzy MCDM to select parters of strategc allaces for ler shppg [ J ]. Iformato Sceces, 2005, 173 (1/ 2/ 3) : [ 4 ]. [J ].,2003,14 (1) : DIN G Yu2sog. Basc form ad ma elemets of the agree2 met for cooperato for cotaer ler routes[j ]. Cotaerza2 to, 2003, 14 (1) : ( Chese) [ 5 ]. [ J ]., 2002,24 (3) :628,19. WAN G Shu2guag. Mode ad motvato of ler shppg strategc allace[j ]. Shppg Maagemet, 2002, 24 ( 3) : 628, 19. ( Chese) [ 6 ] COASE R H. The problem of socal cost [J ]. Joural of Law ad Ecoomcs, 1960, 3 (10) : [ 7 ] NORTH D C. Isttutos ad ecoomc growth : a hstorcal troducto[j ]. World Developmet, 1989, 17(9) : [ 8 ] WILL IAMSON O E. Trasacto cost ecoomcs[j ]. Joural of Ecoomc Behavor ad Orgazato, 1987, 8 (4) : [ 9 ]. [ D ]. :,2004. ZHAN G Ya2ku. Study o strategc allace of cotaerzed ler shppg wth game theory [ D ]. Shagha : Shagha Martme Uversty, ( Chese) [ 10 ]. [J ].,2003,3 (3) : HOU Rog2hua. Aalyss model of supply, demad ad prce of cotaer shppg market [J ]. Joural of Traffc ad Tras2 portato Egeerg, 2003, 3 (3) : ( Chese) [ 11 ] SON G D W, PANA YIDES P M. A coceptual applcato of cooperatve game theory to ler shppg strategc allaces[j ]. Martme Polcy & Maagemet, 2002, 29 (3) : [ 12 ],,. [J ].,2008, 8 (3) : CHEN J2hog, ZHEN Hog, ZON G Be2hua. Improved vessel allocato model of ler shppg ad ts applcato for slot charterg uder shppg allace[j ]. Joural of Tras2 portato Systems Egeerg ad Iformato Techology, 2008, 8 (3) : ( Chese) [ 13 ],,. [J ].,2008,31 (4) : CHEN J2hog, ZHEN Hog, ZON G Be2hua. Aalyss of slot charterg ad allocato decso2makg for cotaerzed ler shppg uder shppg allace [ J ]. Cha, 2008, 31 (4) : ( Chese) Navgato of [ 14 ] NOR T H D C. Ecoomc performace t hrough tme[j ]. Amerca Ecoomc Revew, 1994, 84 (3) : [ 15 ]. [J ].,2003, 35 (7) :51257,83. WAN G Hog2tao. The aalyss of cost derved from the demad2oreted sttutoal chage course [ J ]. Mot hly, 2003, 35 (7) : 51257, 83. ( Chese) Academc [ 16 ],,. [J ]. :,2006,5 (3) : L IN J, PAN Sh2yua, L IU Mg2xg. Techologcal choce, sttuto ad ecoomc developmet [ J ]. Cha Ecoomc Quarterly, 2006, 5 (3) : ( Chese)

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