穨米氏散射.PDF

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1 (aerosol),,, λ = 5 µ m,, 5 4,, Mie, a Maxwell,,, a λ,,, (Liou, 98; va de Hulst, 957): E l -ikr+ ikz e = S ( θ ) El (a) ikr E r -ikr+ ikz e = S ( θ ) Er (b) ikr E l, E r ( ), E l E r θ, ( ) k = π / λ, r, z, ikr + ikz = π i( z r) λ (phase lag) r,

2 i k, k S S S S (amplitude fuctio),, : S S + ( ) = ) ( + ) = [ a ( x, m) π ( θ ) + b ( x, m) τ ( θ ] θ (a) + ( ) = ) ( + ) = [ a ( x, m) π ( θ ) + b ( x, m) τ ( θ ] θ (b) x (size parameter), x = π a / λ,, m (idex of refractio), θ π (cosθ ) (cosθ ) τ (agular coefficiet), π ( θ ) = P (cosθ ) (3a) siθ τ d ( θ ) = P (cosθ ) (3b) dθ P Legedre a ( x, m) b ( x, m) : ψ ( mx) ψ ( x) mψ ( mx) ψ ( x) a ( x, m) = (4a) ψ ( mx) ξ ( x) mψ ( mx) ξ ( x) ( x) ξ (x) J + ψ mψ ( mx) ψ ( x) ψ ( mx) ψ ( x) b ( x, m) = (4b) mψ ( mx) ξ ( x) ψ ( mx) ξ ( x) Riccati-Bessel, Bessel ( ) / Hakel H + / : ψ x) = π x J ( ) (5a) ( + / x

3 ( ) ξ ( x) = π x H ( ) (5b) + x ψ ξ (argumet),, (b) ( θ ) ( ), / r = ( x + y + z ) z + ( x + y ) / z (6) x,, E r S + + () ik ( x + y ) / z Er Er e ikz (7) r z, (itesity) (flux desity) E r + E r E r S () ik ( x + y ) / z + Re e kz i (8) (8) ( / z ), (/ z ), Re a,, E r E r + E r dxdy = π a σ σ er,, σ er (9) σ er Fresel, er (9) 3

4 ik ( x + y ) / z e dxdy = π z / ik (), (extictio cross sectio), (9) σ er, σ = 4π / k ) Re[ S ()] () er ( S () () = S() = ( + )( a + ) b =, σ el σ = 4π / k ) Re[ S ()] (3) el ( S ( ) = S( ), S ( ) S ( ), z ( ),,, () (extictio efficiecy factor) Q e σ e π a : = σ e / π (4) Q ( x, m) a e (4) σ e r l () (), (4), Q e( x, m) = (5) x ( + ) Re[ a + ] b = Q e (scatterig cross sectio) 4

5 x, E r E l ( ) E r ikz ikz = Ee siφ, El = Ee cosφ (6) φ E (6), (radiat itesity) r = I = Er I si φ (7a) I l = El = I cos φ (7b) I = E () (7) : I I = Er + El = γ ( θ, φ ) (8) r (7) (8) (8) (scatterig distributio fuctio) γ ( θ, φ) : γ ( θ, φ) = [ i( θ )cos φ + i ( θ ) si φ ] (9) k i ( θ ) i ( θ ) (itesity fuctio): ( θ ) S( θ ), i ( θ ) S( θ ) i = = (), F I, f π π = F ( θ, φ) da I ( θ, φ ) r siθdθdφ = () siθdθdφ dω, r dω r da, (scatterig cross sectio) 5

6 σ s π f π = = [ i( θ ) + i( θ )] siθdθ () F k (), Legedre : π dp dpm P P m ( ) ( + )! + siθ dθ δ m dθ dθ si θ = + (3) + ( )! π P dpm Pm dp + si = si si θ dθ (4) θ dθ θ dθ δ m Kroecker m =, δ m = ; m, δ m = (3) (4) (), σ s, (5) π a (scatterig efficiecy factor) σ s, : Q s ( x, m) = (5) x ( + )( a + ) b = (absorptio efficiecy factor) Q ( x, m) = Q ( x, m) Q ( x, m) (6) a e s,, (alteratig),,,,,,, Q e = Q s,, Q >, e Q s 6

7 Q a x (liearly polarized) y, φ φ 9 ( φ + 7 ), γ ( θ, φ ) = [ i( θ ) si φ i ( θ ) cos φ ] (7) k y + Q sy = Q sx (8) ( I ), ( I ), γ x + γ y γ ( θ, φ ) = = [ i( θ ) + i ( θ )] (9) k Q = ( Q + Q ) / = Q (3) s sx sy sx γ x Q sx (9) (5),,,,, (upolarized light),, m = 5 Q x x = 4, 3/,, x, e 7

8 ,, (, m ) (, ),, Q e 33 55,, ρ = x( m ), Q e ρ 3, 33 5 Q e Qe, Qe Qs Qa, (6) 4 m = 33 98i Q e, Qs Q a x, x, Qs Q a (Rayleigh) σ s Nπ a = 8 m 3N m + x 4 (33) N (33), 5 m = 33 x, x >,, x < 6, a / λ <, (phase matrix),, 8

9 , (va de Hulst, 957) E = A E + A E (a) l l 3 r E = A E + A E (b) r 4 l r A j ( j =,, 3, 4 ),,,, A = A =, () l 3 4 E = A E (a) l E = A E (b) r r Stokes (Chadrasekhar, 95; Kyle, 99; Liou, 98; Leoble, 993; va de Hulst, 957) = ElEl + E rer I (3a) = El El Er Er Q (3b) = ElEr + Er El U (3c) V i( E E E E ) (3d) = l r r l () (3), Stokes : I I Q Q = F (4) U U V V (trasformatio matrix) F (va de Hulst, 957) : 9

10 F F F F F = (5) F33 F34 F34 F33 F = / )( A A + A A ) (6a) ( F = / )( A A A A ) (6b) ( F = / )( A A + A A ) = Re[ A A ] (6c) 33 ( F = i / )( A A A A ) = Im[ A A ] (6d) 34 ( x, E l E r : E l ikz ikz = Ee cosφ, Er = Ee siφ (7) (6), k = π / λ, λ Stokes I = El El + ErEr = E (8a) Q = El El Er Er = I (cos φ si ) (8b) φ U = El Er + ErEl = I si φ (8c) V = i( E E E E ) (8d) l r r l =,, (liearly polarized light), V =, I = Q + U + V (Chadrasekhar, 95; Liou, 98)

11 ( I ), ( I /), : () φ φ 9, x, y (8) φ φ 9 ( φ + 7 ), I E = (9a) Q = I (si φ cos ) (9b) φ U = I si φ (9c) V = (9d) (8) (9), I I /, I = E, Q =, U =, V = (), () φ = 9 l, ; r, (8) φ = φ = 9, I l = E l, I r = E r (a) Q l = I l, Q r = I r (b) U l =, U r = (c) V l =, V l = (d) (), I = I = I /, (), l r

12 , E l E r E l E r (Liou, 98): ik( r ct ) E E e r = r r k α (a) ik ( r ct) E E e l = l r k α cosθ (b) α (polarizability), c () (), A A A e = ik ( r ct ) r k α (3a) A e = ik( r ct ) r k α cosθ (3b) (6) 4 (Kyle, 99): F = g( + cos ) (4a) θ F = g( + cos ) (4b) F θ = g cosθ (4c) 33 F 34 = (4d) g k α / r (4), (5) (8) Stokes = 4 : I = gi (si φ + cos φ cos ) (5a) θ Q = gi ( si φ + cos φ cos ) (5b) θ

13 U = gi si φ cosθ (5c) V = (5d),, ( I ), ( I ), (7) φ φ 9 y : I = gi (cos φ + si φ cos ) (6a) θ Q = gi ( cos φ + si φ cos ) (6b) θ U = gi si φ cosθ (6c) V = (6d) (5) (6), I I /, Stokes : I = gi ( + cos ) (7a) θ Q = gi ( + cos ) (7b) θ U = V = (7c) (7d), (5), (6) (7) I, (5) (6) I x y, (7) (7),, (degree of polarizatio) I 3

14 / ( Q + U + V ) cos θ P = = (8) I + cos θ (8), (θ = ) (θ = 8 ),, (upolarized light); 9, (completely polarized); (partially polarized) (), E l = S ikr + ikz e ( θ ) El (9a) ikr E r = S ikr + ikz e ( θ ) Er (9b) ikr (9) (), A = S ikr + ikz e ( θ ) (a) ikr A = S ikr + ikz 4 e ( θ ) (b) ikr F = h( i + i ) (a) F = h( i i ) (b) F 33 = h( i3 + i4 ) (c) F 34 = ih( i3 i4 ) (d) h = / k r, i i () (itesity 4

15 fuctio), i 3 i 4 i 3 = S S, i 4 = S S () x, Stokes (8) Stokes I = hi ( i si φ + i cos ) (3a) φ Q = hi ( i cos φ i si ) (3b) φ U = hi ( i + i ) si φ (3c) 3 4 V = ihi i ) siφ (3d) ( 3 i4,, (3) φ = 9, I l = hi l i, I r = hi r i (4a) Q l = hil i, Q r = hi r i (4b) U l =, U r = (4c) V l =, V r = (4d),, Stokes I = hi i + ) (5a) ( i Q = hi i ) (5b) ( i U = V = (5c) (5d),,, 5

16 , S ( ) = S ( ), i ( ) = i ( ) (5), (3) φ φ 9, I = hi ( i cos φ + i si ) (6a) φ Q = hi ( i si φ i cos ) (6b) φ U = hi ( i + i ) si φ (6c) 3 4 V = ihi i ) siφ (6d) ( 3 i4 (3) (6), I I /, (5) P( θ ), (phase matrix), : F( θ) = C P( θ ) (7) P (, ) P ( θ ) : 4π π π P ( θ ) siθdθdφ = (8) (7) (8) π C = F( θ ) siθdθ (9), C s = σ 4π r (3) σ s (4a) (a) F (9), 6

17 σ s π = 8 3 k 4 α (3a) σ s π π = [ i( θ ) + i( θ )] siθdθ (3b) k (3b) (),, (Leoble, 993) P 3 = ( + cos θ ) 4π 6π P 4π 3 = ( + cos 6π θ ) (3a) (3b) P 33 4π 3 = cos θ (3c) 8π P 34 4π = (3d), (Liou, 98; Leoble, 993) P P = ( i + i ) + P 4π k σ 4π 4π s P P = ( i i ) P 4π k σ 4π 4π s (33a) (33b) P33 4π = ( i i ) (33c) k σ s P34 i = ( i 3 i 4π k σ s 4 ) (33d),, 7

18 P P P P P = (34) P33 P34 P34 P33,, 6, 4 (radomly orieted), 6 (phase fuctio),, θ, φ, 5, 6 P P 6(a),,, 6(b) P 33 P 34 P 33 P P, P 34, S S, S ( ) = S ( ), P ( ) = P ( ),, 9, () A Stokes (3), (va de Hulst, 957): j N N S3 + S4 D3 D4 N 3 N 4 S3 S4 D3 + D4 F = (35) S4 + S3 S4 S3 S + S34 D + D34 D4 + D3 D4 D3 D + D34 S S34 8

19 N = / )( M + M + M + ) (36a) N N ( 3 4 M ( 3 4 M = / )( M M + M ) (36b) 3 ( 3 4 M = / )( M + M M ) (36c) N = / )( M M M + ) (36d) 4 ( 3 4 M M = A A = j j j A j (37a) S S = (/ )( A A + A A ) (37b) kj = jk j k k j D = D = ( i / )( A A A A ) (37c) kj : jk j k k j I l I l I r I = r F (38) U U V V F : M M 3 S3 D3 M 4 M S4 D4 F = (39) S4 S3 S + S34 D + D34 D4 D3 D + D34 S S34 (39) F (37), A = A, =,, 9

20 6, 3,,,, a a + da ( a) da, ) (a (size distributio), (volume extictio coefficiet) κ ~ λ,, κ~ λ a a ( π a λ, m) ( a) da = π a Q () e, a a, a =, a =, (volume scatterig coefficiet) η ~ λ (volume absorptio coefficiet) k ~ λ : η~ λ a a ( π a λ, m) ( a) da = πa Q () a ~ kλ a s ( π a λ, m) ( a) da = π a Q (3) a,,

21 7 C M, µm, 4 5µm, C, µ m < a < µ m, a, 4 ( a) = Ca (4) M M C, C M,, (4) (), a, a =, x, = ~ e κ λ = π Cλ Q ( x, m) x dx (5) λ, ( + 3) ( a) a ξ (6) ξ, κ ~ λ ξ λ (7) (4),, 4 ( z, a) = C( z) a (8) (aerosol optical thickess) τ λ ~ = κ λ ( π a, m) ( z, a dzda dz = πa Qe )

22 = π λ C( z) dz Q ( x, m) x e dx = βλ (9), λ β,,, β (turbidity coefficiet) 7 κ ~ λ ω = η~ λ κ~ λ,, m r m i, C λ, M, P( θ ), (33),, P 4π s ( a) da = [ i ( a) i ( a)] ( a) da k σ + () P 4π = [ i ( a) i ( a)] ( a) da k ~ + η λ (a), P 4π = [ i ( a) i ( a)] ( a) da k ~ η λ (b) P33 4π = [ i ( a) i ( a)] ( a) da k ~ η λ (c)

23 P 4π i = [ i ( a) k ~ 3 34 η λ i ( a)] ( a) da 4 (d) 7, P 4π 8 λ = 45 µ m, m = 34 θ, P, P ( (33) ) (degree of liear polarizatio) p,, p Q I P P P + P = = (), ( θ = ),, ( 8(c) ),,, 8(c) θ = 43 θ =,,,, (white raibow) (fogbow),, Q, Q, e P (θ ),, ( ) κ ~, η ~, P (θ ) a, b π, τ a, b m x, π, τ λ s λ 3

24 µ = cosθ π τ, Legedre : π ( θ ) = P (cos θ ) siθ (a) τ ( θ ) = d θ dθ P (cos ) (b) Legedre P m (cos θ ) Legedre P (cosθ ) : P m ( µ ) d P ( µ ) dµ m m / = ( µ ) m, =,,, L m, () () m =, (3), () P (cosθ ) = siθ P ( µ ) (3) π ( µ ) = P ( µ ) (4a) τ ( µ ) = µπ ( µ ) ( µ ) π ( µ ) (4b) (argumet) Legedre (recurrece relatio) ( + ) P ( µ ) ( + ) µ P ( µ ) + P ( µ ) =, > (5a) + (5a) µ, (4a), µ P ( µ ) P ( µ ) P ( µ ) =, > (5b) ( + ) π ( + ) µπ + π ( + ) P = (6) + 4

25 , (4a), (5b) µπ π P = (7) (6) (7) ) P (µ, θ : π ( ) π ( θ ) = cosθ π ( θ ) π ( θ ) (8) Legedre P ) ( + ) P ( µ ) P ( ) (9) + ( µ µ = (9) µ, (4), π ( + ) π π = () + (4b) ) π (µ, (), τ ( θ ) : τ + ( θ ) = cosθ[ π + ( θ ) π ( θ )] ( + ) si θ π ( θ ) + τ ( θ ) () (8) () π τ π τ π θ ) =, π ( θ ), π ( θ ) = 3cosθ (a) ( = τ θ ) =, τ ( θ ) = cosθ, τ ( θ ) 3cosθ (b) ( = (8) () () π ( θ ) τ ( θ ), ( θ = ) ( θ = π ), π ( ) = τ ( ) = ( + ) / (3a) π ( π ) = τ ( π ) = ( ) ( + ) / (3b) (6) (9) P, 5

26 π ( µ ) = ( + ) µπ ( µ ) ( + ) π ( µ ) (4) + (Wiscombe, 979): s = µπ ( µ ) (5a) t = s π ( µ ) (5b) π ( ) = s + [( ) / t (5c) + µ + ], ( + ) / τ, Legedre, (5b) ) P (µ, ( µ ) P ( µ ) = [ P ( µ ) µ P ( µ )] (6) ( µ ) π µπ = ( + )( π µπ ) (7) (4b) π, τ ( µ ) = ( + ) t s = t π ( µ ) (8) t s (5) (8), 3 3 π + τ, (a) a b : a ψ ( z) ψ ( x) mψ ( z) ψ ( x) = ψ ( z) ξ ( x) mψ ( z) ξ ( x) (9a) b = mψ ( z) ψ ( x) ψ ( z) ψ ( x) mψ ( z) ξ ( x) ψ ( z) ξ ( x) (9b) 6

27 z = mx, m, x, (9) a = A ( z) ψ ( x) mψ ( x) A ( z) ξ ( x) mξ ( x) (a) b = ma ( z) ψ ( x) ψ ( x) ma ( z) ξ ( x) ξ ( x) (b) A ( z) ψ ( z) / ψ ( z) () () Riccati-Bessel ψ (x) ξ ( x) Bessel : ψ ( x) π x / J ( x) (a) = + / ξ ( x) = π x / [ J ( x) i N ( x)] + / + / = π x [ J ( x) + ( ) ij ( )] (b) / + / / x Bessel : = + J ( x) J ( x) J ( x) (3a) ( / x) J ( x) = J ( x) + J + ( x) (3b) (3) Bessel (), (3), ψ ξ ( x) = π x / [ J ( x) ( / x) J ( x)] (4a) / + / ( x) = π x / [ J ( x) ( / x) J ( x)] / + / + / / ( ) i[ J ( x) + ( / x) J ( x )] (4b) () Bessel ) ψ (x ξ ( x), 7

28 ψ ( x) = ψ ( x) ( / x) ψ ( x) (5a) ξ ( x) = ξ ( x) ( / x) ξ ( ) (5b) x (5) (), (Dave, 969; Deirmedjia, 969) a [ A ( z) / m + / x] ψ ( x) ψ ( x) = [ A ( z) / m + / x] ξ ( x) ξ ( x) (6a) b [ ma ( z) + / x] ψ ( x) ψ ( x) = [ ma ( z) + / x] ξ ( x) ξ ( x) (6b) ψ ( x) ξ ( x), (3) Bessel (3b) ( + / ), π x /, (a), + ψ + ( x) = ψ ( x) ψ ( x) (7a) x + ξ+ ( x) = ξ ( x) ξ ( x) (7b) x, Riccati-Bessel ψ ( x) ξ ( x), ψ ( x) = cos x, ψ ( x) = si x (8a) ξ ( x) = e ix, ix ξ = ie (8b), x, ψ ( x) = Re[ ξ ( x)] (7) (8) A ( z) (5a) (), 8

29 A ψ = + z ψ (9) (9) ), (7a), A ψ = z ψ (3) (9), A ( z) (Deirmedjia, 969; Dave, 969): (9) A ( z) = - + (3) z - A - ( z) z A ( = z) = ψ - ( z) / ψ ( z) cot z (3) A ( z), A( z) (3) (3), A( z) : A ( z) ta z = + z ( / z) ta z (33) Dave (969), z = kπ (k ), A = cot z, A, (33) π A z = k (ill-coditioed), ta z si z /cos z, y e, y z y (overflow) ta z ta z = ta( x + iy) = y 4y e si x + i( e ) (34) y 4 y e cosx + + e 9

30 , z π /, ta z (roud-off), (3), m ( ), A ( z) A ( z) Kattawar ad Plass (967), Im( z), (3) A (up-recurrece) (dow-recurrece) : A ( z) = z z + A ( z), = N, L, N, L, (35) (35) (3) N Kattawar ad Plass (967), Dave (969) : N' z Dave (969), AN ( z) = (36) N = z + (37),, N' N, Wiscombe (979), A N, Letz (976) AN ( z) (cotiued fractio), (35), A ( z) = lim[ c, c, L, c ] (38) N j (38) j 3

31 [ c, c, L, c j ] = c + (39) c + L + c + L j c = ( N + ) / z (4a) c = ( ) ( N + k ) / z, k =, 3, L k k + (4b) (35) = N +, (35), (4), (38) Letz (976) (38), AN ( z) j [ c, c, L, c j ] = Tk (4) k = Tk = Nk / Dk, k =,, 3, L (4) N = c ; Nk = [ ck, L, c ], k =, 3, L (43a) D = ; Dk = [ ck, L, c ], k =, 3, L (43b) (4), j =, 3,L, (4), : [ c, L, c j ] = [ c, L, c j ] Tj, j =, 3, L (44), T j T j : N = c ; N j = c j + N j-, j =, 3, L (45a) D = ; D j = c j + D j-, j =, 3, L (45b) 3

32 (45a) (45b) N D (43a) (43b) k k (44) (38), T,, Re[ T ] < ε < ε (46) j Im[ T j ] j, ε 8, A N,, A N : (a) z = mx, N, j = (b) (4) c j, (45) N j, D j, (4) T j (c) T j (46),, (d) (44) [ c, L, c j ]( j =, c ) (e) j j +, (b) A N, (35), AN, AN, L, A N Dave (969),, 4 a + < b (47) N Wiscombe (979), N (47) ( < x <, ) ( 5 m r < 5; < m < ) N, (47) 5 4 x 4 < i N : N / 3 N = x + ax (48) 3

33 : N max = / x + 4x +, / 3 x + 4 5x +, / x + 4x +, x 8 8 x 4, 4, x, (49) (49) (48),, Wiscombe, 979 Legedre Bessel,, Irvig ad Mullieux, 959 Johso ad Johso, 965,, Abramowitz ad Stegu,

34 ,,, 98: ( ) 4,,, 56 Abramowitz, M, ad I A Stegu (eds), 965: Hadbook of Mathematical Fuctios Dover, New York, 46pp Chadrasekhar, S, 95: Radiative Trasfer Oxford Uiversity Press, Oxford, Eglad, 393pp Reprited by Dover, New York, 96 Dave, J V, 969: Scatterig of electromagetic radiatio by a large, absorbig sphere IBM J Res Dev, 3, No 3, 3-33 Deirmedjia, D, 964: Scatterig ad polarizatio properties of water clouds ad hazes i the visible ad ear ifrared Appl Opt, 3, Deirmedjia, D, 969: Electromagetic Scatterig o Spherical Poly-dispersios Elsevier, New York, 9pp Irvig, J, ad N Mullieux, 959: Mathematics i Physics ad Egieerig Academic Press, New York, 883pp Johso, D E, ad J R Johso, 965: Mathematical Methods i Egieerig ad Physics: Special Fuctios ad Boudary-Value Problem Roald Press, New York, 73pp Kattawar, G W ad G N Plass, 967: Electromagetic scatterig from absorbig spheres Appl Opt, 6, Kerker, M, 969: The Scatterig of Light ad Other Electromagetic Radiatio Academic Press, New York, 666pp Kyle, T G, 99: Atmospheric Trasmissio, Emissio ad Scatterig Pergamo, Oxford, Eglad, 88pp Leoble, J, 993: Atmospheric Radiative Trasfer A Deepak Publishig, Hampto, Virgiia, North America, 53pp Letz, W J, 976: Geeratig Bessel fuctios i Mie scatterig calculatio usig cotiued fractios Appl Opt, 5, Liou, K-N, 98: A Itroductio to Atmospheric Radiatio Academic Press, 34

35 New York, 39pp va de Hulst, H C, 957: Light Scatterig by Small Particles Wiley, New York, 47pp Reprited by Dover, New York, 98 Wiscombe, W J, 979: Mie Scatterig Calculatios: Advaces i Techique ad Fast, Vector-Speed Computer Codes NCAR/TN-4+STR, NCAR Techical Note, Natioal Ceter for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, North America, 6+9pp 35

36 κ ~ λ ω = η ~ / κ ~ (, 98) λ λ λ(µm) m r m i C M κ ~ λ (km ) ω κ ~ λ (km ) ω κ ~ λ (km ) ω

37 [ mi max ] N, N m = 5 ~ 5, m = ~ (Wiscombe, 979) r i x N ~ N x N ~ N mi max 3 3, 3,5 3, , 6,68 6, , 8,76 8, ,,8,87 8,,86, , 4,9 4,97 7 6, 6,87 6, , 8,94 8,5,38,4,,,8 mi max 37

38 O, z, x OP, θ, φ,npeo, E r E l Q ( m = 5 ) x e 38

39 3 Q ρ = x( m ) e 4 m, Q e, Qa Q s, Q = Q + Q, e a s 39

40 5 m = 33 x 4

41 6 m = 5, x = 6 4 θ (Liou, 98) 4

42 6 4

43 7, cm 3 (Deirmedjia, 964) 43

44 8, 44

Ρ Τ Π Υ 8 ). /0+ 1, 234) ς Ω! Ω! # Ω Ξ %& Π 8 Δ, + 8 ),. Ψ4) (. / 0+ 1, > + 1, / : ( 2 : / < Α : / %& %& Ζ Θ Π Π 4 Π Τ > [ [ Ζ ] ] %& Τ Τ Ζ Ζ Π

Ρ Τ Π Υ 8 ). /0+ 1, 234) ς Ω! Ω! # Ω Ξ %& Π 8 Δ, + 8 ),. Ψ4) (. / 0+ 1, > + 1, / : ( 2 : / < Α : / %& %& Ζ Θ Π Π 4 Π Τ > [ [ Ζ ] ] %& Τ Τ Ζ Ζ Π ! # % & ( ) + (,. /0 +1, 234) % 5 / 0 6/ 7 7 & % 8 9 : / ; 34 : + 3. & < / = : / 0 5 /: = + % >+ ( 4 : 0, 7 : 0,? & % 5. / 0:? : / : 43 : 2 : Α : / 6 3 : ; Β?? : Α 0+ 1,4. Α? + & % ; 4 ( :. Α 6 4 : & %

穨米氏散射.PDF

穨米氏散射.PDF