Microsoft Word - TOEFL_9612NA_0308_0310_0401_GRAMMAR_NOTES.doc

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1 最新题 TOEFL 语法笔记 前言 TOEFL 语法已经由朋友们钻研透彻了, 就余下 1996 年 12 月北美卷,2003 年 8 月 10 月,2004 年 1 月的笔记一直没有找到, 最新题 TOEFL 语法笔记 将弥补这一缺憾 1996 年 12 月北美卷由 likui 编写, 由 bryony 编写, 和 由 pumpkin 编写, 定稿由 ChaseDream 超级论坛 TOEFL 区各位版主审定 准备 TOEFL 的时候, 借鉴了朋友们很多心血凝聚的资料, 直到自己动手一写, 才更加理解什么叫辛苦 这点小小心意送给 ChaseDream 的各位 TOEFL 考友, 同 ChaseDream 带给我的一切相比, 实在是微不足道 谢谢 enjoylife517 和真老九给我的帮助和鼓励, 谢谢各位朋友给我的支援和理解 从考 GMAT 到考 TOEFL, 接着是面临选校和申请,ChaseDream 在我人生中留下的远远不仅仅是那几千个帖子吧 继承 ChaseDream PP 语法笔记 的精神, 本着简洁实用的原则编写, 因而在分析解释的部分相对比较精炼, 翻译也是意译为主 中间错误疏漏相比不少, 希望朋友们谅解 关于本语法笔记的反馈, 有关于托福考试的任何问题, 都可以访问 ChaseDream 论坛 TOEFL 专区 : 附 : 一个小小的提醒, 在国外考试, 请朋友们记住带上护照 虽然有的考场不要求, 还是带上护照吧, 在 TOEFL 的官方网页上要求的证件是护照 最后祝愿大家考试 申请 工作 生活, 一切顺利!!! Pumpkin (ChaseDream) 龙城飞将 2004/8/1 ChaseDream

2 1996 年 12 月北美 -----ChaseDream 原创 1. The province of Newfoundland has than any other region of North American in which the first language is English. (A) its longer history (B) a longer history (C) the longer the history (D) the history is longer 解析 :than 确定比较级 ;C longer 前加 the 显然错误,the 一般出现在最高级前面,( 在 the more the more 的结构才能用 the 在 more 前面 );D 中 is 与 has 使句子谓语冲突 ;A 不符合习惯 参考译文 : 纽芬兰省有比其它任何以英语为第一语言的北美地区更长的历史 2. Clinical psychologists Dr. Carl Rogers found that 80 percent verbal communication involved five types of responses: evaluative, interpretive, supportive, probing, and understanding. (A) all (B) is the (C) with (D) of all 答案 :D 解析 : 百分数表达方式 XX percent of +N. 改错题考过用其他介词, 比如 to 来替代 of, 迷惑视听 注意 involve 是及物动词 involve sth, 类似还有一个考过的词语 concern 是及物动词 参考译文 : 临床心理学者卡尔罗杰斯发现,80% 的语言通信涉及到五种反应 : 评价 说明 支持 探察的和理解 3. The early feminist leader Susan B. Anthony became increasingly aware through her work in the temperance movement the same rights as men. (A) women were not granted that (B) that women were not granted (C) not granted women that were (D) that were not granted women 解析 : 宾语从句 women were not granted the same rights as men 作为 aware 的内容, 以 that( 不做任何成分 ) + 从句形式出现 ;A,C,D 语序错误,A,C 的 that 没有紧跟 movement, D 误用倒装 参考译文 : 早期的女权主义领导者苏珊 B. 安东尼通过她在禁酒运动中的工作, 越发意识到妇女没有享有和男人同样的权利 4. DNA,, is found in the cell nucleus in the form of very long and thin molecules consisting of two spiral strands. (A) inherits material (B) is inheritance material (C) material is inherited (D) the material of inheritance 答案 :D 解析 :the material of inheritance 做 DNA 的同位语 ; A,B,C 中的动词造成谓语冲突 参考译文 :DNA, 遗传物质, 被发现以非常长且细微的分子组成两股盘绕的线绳的形式于细胞核中 - 1 -

3 5. plants, which manufacture their own food, animals obtain nourishment by acquiring and ingesting their food. (A) Unlike (B) Different (C) Whereas (D) As much 答案 :A 解析 : 托福常考,Unlike 介词, 放句首 +N., 表示与主句主语比较 ; 在这里就是 plants 于 animals 做比较 参考译文 : 不像植物那样能够制造自己的养料, 动物通过摄取和吸收他们的食物来获取营养 6. The Hawaiian alphabet, introduced by missionaries in the 1820 s, and only seven consonants. (A) the five vowels consist of (B) consisting of five vowels (C) that consists of five vowels (D) consists of five vowels 答案 :D 解析 : 中间 introduced by missionaries in the 1820 s 是修饰成分, 可以看成有省略出现,(which was) introduced, 主语从句 ; 句子真正谓语 consists, 表客观事实 ( 从前这样, 现在这样, 以后也还会这样 ), 用一般现在时, 与修饰主语的从句时态并无瓜葛 注意 introduce 应该是及物动词 introduce sth/sb, 这里出现 by missionaries 而且 introduce 没有宾语, 说明 introduced 是分词作修饰成分的插入语, 不是谓语动词 参考译文 : 由传教士于 18 世纪 20 年代传入的夏威夷语的字母表是由 5 个元音和 7 个子音组成的 7. Working like a telescope, the size of objects at great distances. (A) which magnifies a telephoto lens (B) a telephoto lens magnifies (C) a telephoto lens which magnifies (D) and magnifying a telephoto lens 解析 : 空格前现在分词作全句状语, 可略去不管 ; 空格应是句子主谓 注意 lens 是单数的, a 50mm standard lens 参考译文 : 运用如望远镜, 长焦镜头将很远处的物体的尺寸放大 8. Volcanoes are divided into three main groups, based on their shape and the type of material they. (A) are made (B) made of (C) are made of (D) made for 解析 :A,D 可以先行排除 ; 且判断不是 (which are)made of 的省略结构, 否则之前的 they 将毫无用处, 排除 B;the type of material (that) + 宾语从句 还原 : they are made of the type of material. 参考译文 : 火山鉴于它们的形状和它们构成物质的种类可以划分为三大类别 - 2 -

4 9. to inanimate objects, such as machines, is a form of animism. (A) When attributing emotion (B) Attributing emotion (C) Emotion is attributed (D) If emotion is attributed 解析 : 首先排除 C 谓语冲突和 D 缺主语, such as machines 做插入语 ;A when 有引导从句做主语, 但是这里结构不完整, 且 when is a form 意思不通, 排除 A,C,D 都没有正确的主语 Doing sth. is ~ 是托福中常考句型, 请识记 ; 但是在 GMAT 句子改错中, 这个形式并非优先选择 参考译文 : 把情感的属性赋予死气沉沉的物质, 例如机器, 是一种万物有灵论 10., dolphins have no sense of smell. (A) As known as far (B) Known thus far as (C) It is known as far (D) As far as is known 答案 :D 解析 :as far as 结构, 在托福中是优选项 ;A,B,C 结构错误, 可以用 : It is known that dolphins have no sense of smell 参考译文 : 已知, 海豚没有嗅觉 11. The growth of psychobiology owes to major conceptual advances in the way people think about the brain. (A) much (B) as much as (C) much which (D) there is so much 答案 :A 解析 :much 做副词修饰 owe; owe to We owe to Newton the principle of gravitation. 我们全靠牛顿才知道引力的原理 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏有你我现在才仍然活着 She owes her beauty to artificial assistance. 她的美全靠打扮 You owe it to yourself to say it. 这话亏你说得出口 B 的用法不对, 可以说 owes as much to major conceptual advances as to some other development 参考译文 : 心理学的发展很大程度上靠着人们对大脑认识的重大概念性的进步 12. In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman the Nobel Prize for Literature. (A) receive (B) received (C) to receive (D) she received 解析 :be/become the first ~to~ 固定用法, 识记 A,B,D 都是两个谓语动词没有连词, 错误 参考译文 :1938 年巴克赛珍珠成为第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国人 13. Now considered an art form, quilt-making originated as a means of fashioning bed covers from bits of - 3 -

5 fabric that otherwise. (A) not use (B) were no use (C) had no use (D) it was not used -----ChaseDream 原创 解析 :A,D 句子成分问题 ;B 改成 were of no use / were not useful 就对了 That otherwise 是修饰 fabric 的定语从句 参考译文 : 制被目前被看成一种艺术形式, 最早起源于使用小块织物点缀被面, 如果不是这个用途, 这些零碎的布头就没什么用处了 14. The early years of the United States government were characterized by a debate concerning or individual states should have more power. (A) whether the federal government (B) either the federal government (C) that the federal government (D) the federal government 答案 :A 解析 : 空格前面已经有句子的主谓, 且之后有独立的动词 have, 则说明有从句存在, 且有 or 做判断, 选 A 参考译文 : 美国政府早期特点即是关于是联邦政府还是独立的州享有更大权力的争论 15. Beneath the streets of a modern city of walls, columns, cables, pipes and the tunnels required to satisfy the needs of its inhabitants. (A) where exists the network (B) the existing network (C) the network s existence (D) exists the network 答案 :D 解析 : 当句子没有宾语, 且主语偏长时, 往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首, 引起主谓的全部倒装 看到一个介词放句首就要敏感的考虑到倒装这个考点, 然后看选项, 果然有个完全倒装的选项 注意 required 是分词修饰成分, 不是谓语动词 参考译文 : 在现代城市街道之下存在着一个被用来满足居民需要的墙 柱 电缆 水管和隧道的网络 16. The antique collectors must be able to distinguish real antiques from later imitations, which can be either reproductions nor fakes. 答案 :D nor: or 解析 : 看到这类题应该找句中的对应判断词, 这里是 either, 应是 either or 这样的用法 提示一下, 这种搭配使用法还挺多的. Neither nor, both and, not only but also 等等. 参考译文 : 古董收藏家必须有能力去区别真正的古董和后期的仿造品, 其会是复制品或者赝品 17. Paint must be stirred and sometimes dilution before it is applied. dilution: diluted 解析 : 看到 and 要小心, 看看是怎样的平行结构, 应该用 dilution 的动词被动 diluted 和 and 之前的 stirred 平行 - 4 -

6 参考译文 : 在使用之前, 颜料必须被调匀, 有时候还要稀释 -----ChaseDream 原创 18. A great aviation pioneer, Amelia Earthart was already famous when she sets out on her ill-fated attempt to circle the globe in sets: set 解析 : 时态问题 Was 和 In 1937 表明要用过去时态 参考译文 : 航空界先锋 A E 在 1937 年她开始她那悲剧性 ( 悲壮 ) 的环游世界的尝试时就已经闻名于世了 19. Although apples do not grow during the cold seasons, apple trees must have a such season in order to flourish. a such: such a 解析 :such 词序问题,such as 的词序也考到过 Such 的词序是这样的. Such a adj+ noun, so adj+ a noun. So 除了 so many/ much 的形式, 不能用来修饰不可数名词和复数. 男生记住 : she is such a pretty girl. 女生记住 : he is such a handsome boy. 成了, 万变不离其宗. 参考译文 : 虽然苹果不在寒冷的季节生长, 苹果树必须经历这样的季节以求茂盛 20. Tow unique features of the Arctic they are lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. they are: are 解析 : 句子主语冲突, 句子的主语是 tow unique features, 注意 参考译文 : 北极圈的两个独特特征是缺少降雨和永冻底层 21. Faced with petroleum shortage in the 1970 s, scientists and engineers in the United States stepped up its efforts to develop more efficient heating systems and better insulation. its: their 解析 :its 想指代 scientists and engineers, 可惜它小样了一点 代词指代单复数要一致 参考译文 : 面对 1970 的石油短缺, 美国科学家和工程师加快了开发更加有效加热和绝缘系统的步伐 22. Rabbits have large front tooth, short tails and hind legs and feet adapted for running and jumping. tooth: teeth 解析 : 兔子的大门牙, 复数 Likui 疑惑 : 但是我就搞不懂了, 它的超大门牙和 running and jumping 有什么关系? 牙大且垂直, 不是加大了风阻吗? 怎解? Pumpkin 补充 : 本句说的是 rabbits 的特征, 不是说前后特征有因果关系, 兔子的几个典型特征分别是 : 大牙, 短尾巴, 适应于跑和跳的长后腿 从语法上说, adapted for running and jumping 紧紧接着 legs and feet, 说明是修饰这个部分的 ; 如果说是 : Rabbits have large front tooth, short tails and hind legs and feet, adapted for running and jumping. 在 adapted 前面加了逗号, 就是说, 三个特征都是适应于跑和跳, 逻辑就有问题了 语法中结构为先, 结构决定意思, 要表达一定的意思, 需要对应的结构 这个原则在 TOEFL 考试中要求不明显, 在 GMAT 考试中的句子改错部分至关重要 参考译文 : 兔子有硕大的门牙, 短尾巴, 和适应了跑和跳的后腿脚 - 5 -

7 23. Dentistry is a branch of medicine that has developed very dramatic in the last twenty years. 答案 :D dramatic: dramatically 解析 : 修饰动词应该用副词 参考译文 : 在近 20 年来蓬勃发展的牙科是医学的一个分支 24. The ease of solving jigsaw puzzle depends the number of pieces, their shapes and shadings, and the design of the picture. depends the : depends on the 解析 : 固定词组 注意 ease 的用法, 有词组 at ease/ with ease/ for ease of application, 其中 with ease 考过定语从句 参考译文 : 解决拼图游戏的难易程度取决于拼板的数目, 他们的形状 他们的细微差别和图片的花样 25. Plants range in size to tiny, single-celled, blue-green algae, invisible to the naked eye, to giant sequoias, the largest living plants. to: from 解析 : 对于这样的题, 很多人都很难判断, 经常牵扯到动词词组的问题 ; 其实不然, 这里有个 from to, 只是因为中间隔着太多干扰成分所以没察觉, 可以用排除法, range 和 living 肯定判断没错, 就是 invisible 有点混淆, invisible to the naked eye 是个插入的修饰成分, 没有错 ; 那就剩下 to 有问题 参考译文 : 植物的尺寸范围 : 小到裸眼无法观察的微小单细胞蓝绿色的海藻, 大到巨大的美洲衫, 现存的最大植物 26. During the 1940 s science and engineering had an impact on the way music reach its audience and even influenced the way in which it was composed. reach: reached 解析 : 如第二个 the way 一样, 第一个省略了 in which; 看到后面的 and 要注意平行,influenced 是过去时态, during the 1940 s 也是过去的时间, 所以用一般过去时 参考译文 : 在 19 世纪 40 年代, 科学和工程学对音乐影响听众的手段和其编写的方式产生了影响 27. By 1860 the railroads of the United States had 3000miles of track, three quarters of which it was east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River. 答案 :D which it: which 解析 : 从句主语冲突, 多余 it; 切记介词 +which+ 完整句子 / which + 不完整句子 参考译文 : 直至 1860 年, 全美铁路有 3000 公里长, 其中 3/4 在密西西比河以东, 俄亥俄州以北 28. Ballads were early types of poetry and may have been among a first kinds of music. a: the 解析 : 与 kinds 数上冲突 参考译文 : 民谣既是早期形式诗歌, 也可能在最早的的音乐形式的一种 - 6 -

8 29. The thin outer layer of the skin is called the epidermis, while the layer inner, which is slightly thicker, is called the dermis. 答案 :D layer inner: inner layer 解析 :inner 有名词的词性, 但是大多数情况下是形容词, 而且我们看到前面有提示 :the thin outer layer, 所以是词序颠倒的错误, 看到划线部分包含两个单词就应改注意看看有没有词序的问题 ;upper,outer,inner 都必须放在被修饰名词前 ;while 作为连词, 表示前后的对比 ;call 直接加宾语 ; 参考译文 : 皮肤薄薄的外层被称为表皮, 而里面稍微厚一点的那层被称为真皮 30. With the incorporation of jazz history into current academic curricula, leading jazz musicians are now founding on the faculties of several universities. 答案 :D founding: founded 解析 :be founded on 以 为 ( 论点 作品等 ) 的根据 ; 把 ( 论点 作品等 ) 建立在 的基础上 (on upon); 这题不好理解, 建议用排除法解 Racism is not founded on rational thought, but on fear. 参考译文 : 由于爵士乐历史编入当今的理论课程, 现在最主要的爵士乐音乐家是几所大学的教员 ( 也就是说在学校里爵士乐被很好的教研, 学术带头的教员自然又红又专 ) 31. Humus, a substance found in soil, is soft and spongy and enables plant roots to send out tiny hairs through that they absorb water and food. 答案 :D through that: through which 解析 :D through 介词, 介词 +which+ 完成句子 还原 : They absorb water and food through tiny hairs A 是过去分词修饰 a substance, 可以看成定语从句 (that is) found 省略结构, 正确 ; 参考译文 : 土壤中的腐殖质是柔软多孔的, 能够使植物根部所伸出微小的根须通过, 吸收水和养料 32. Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is abundant, and humidity is moderate. it: they 解析 :longest 这里做副词修饰 live; 而 it 应试指代 flies, 代词用错 参考译文 : 尽管苍蝇能够在冷的温度下长期存活, 它们却是在温度温暖, 食物充足, 湿度适宜时大量繁殖 33. Alaska s vast areas of untamed wilderness attracts many people who enjoy the outdoors. attracts: attract 解析 : 谓语动词 attract 的数应该遵循主语的中心词, 也就是 areas 参考译文 : 阿拉斯加广阔的不羁的狂野吸引着许多喜欢户外 ( 活动 ) 的人 34. The giant panda closely resembles the bear, but account of certain anatomical features it is placed in the raccoon family. but account of:but on account of 解析 :on account of=because of, 因为, 由于 参考译文 : 大熊猫很像熊, 但是由于特定的解剖学特征, 它被归于浣熊科 - 7 -

9 35. The ode was original a ceremonial poem written to celebrate public occasions or exalted subjects. 答案 :A original: originally 解析 :original 放在 was 和 a 之间, 明显不合适, 应用副词形式修饰整个句子 ; written to celebrate 没有错, 是过分分词后置的修饰成分, 可以看成 (that was)written to celebrate 的省略 参考译文 : 起初, 赋是一种仪式性诗赋, 写出来为在大众场合和欢腾活动庆祝之用 36. Even as he wrote copiously on such diverse topic as educations, politics, and religion, Lewis Mumford remained active in city and regional planning. topic: topics 解析 :topic 可数名词, 用复数, 可数名词不能单独出现, 尤其有 diverse 这样的修饰, 说明是复数 参考译文 : 正如他的写作广泛涉足如此丰富的主题 : 教育 政治和宗教,LW 保持了在城市和地区规划的积极性 37. Oscillation is a electronic function that changes direct current to the signal of desired frequency. 答案 :A a electronic : an electronic 解析 :electronic 的发元音, 不定冠词用 an 参考译文 : 发杂音是一种电子功能, 其改变直流为所需的频率信号 38. Papier-mâché figures by Stephen Hensen, which they cheerfully depicted life in the Information Age, were the focus of an exhibit at the Museum of American History. 答案 :A they cheerfully: cheerfully 解析 : 从句主语冲突,which+ 不完整的句子,which 做从句的主语, 还原 :Papier-mâché figures cheerfully depicted life 参考译文 :SH 所创造, 生动描绘了信息时代生活的 PM 角色们是美国历史博物馆一个展览的焦点 39. Pharmacist fill drug prescriptions, keeping recordings of the drugs their patients are taking to make sure that harmful combinations are not prescribed. 答案 :A pharmacist: pharmacists 解析 :A 药剂师, 可数名词, 且看到谓语动词 fill 的数, 应用复数 注意,keeping recordings of the drugs their patients are taking to make sure that harmful combinations are not prescribed 是现在分词作句子的结果 原因 伴随状语 参考译文 : 药剂师填写药剂处方, 保留他们病人的药物记录来确定不开出有害的药品组合 (compound 表示化合物, combination 应该是药品组合 ) 40. Great technical advances in aerial and satellite photography have been made since end of the Second World War. 答案 :D since end: since the end 解析 :since 加时间点,at the end of~ & in the end, the 不可少 参考译文 : 在航空领域的技术重大进步和卫星摄像在二战结束就已成就 - 8 -

10 2003 年 8 月 -----ChaseDream 原创 1. In 1796 investigations into the chemical nature of diamond concluded a form of pure carbon. (A) that it (B) is it (C) that it is (D) is that 解析 : 动词 conclude 的用法 : 直接加 that 引导的宾语从句 这里 that 为连接 adv., 在句中不作任何成分, 其后接完整句 BD 没有连接词,A 宾语从句不完整 参考译文 : 在 1769 年, 钻石成分的研究人员得出结论钻石是一种纯粹的碳 2. The English colonization of Virginia was devised in 1606 by a group of merchants the Virginia Company of London. (A) who formed (B) formed (C) who they formed (E) they formed 答案 :A 解析 : 定语从句, 被修饰成分是 merchants, 商人, 所以用 who 为连接 adv., who 在从句中作主语 做主语的部分, 不能省略, 故 B 不对 B 的形式导致两个动词谓语没有连接词, 错误 C 重复主语 who/they 的 they 重复了 参考译文 : 到 Virginia 州的英国殖民从起始于 1606 年, 由一群商人发起, 这群商人组成了伦顿的 Virginia 公司 3. The hourglass, an instrument used, usually consists of two bulbs united by a narrow neck. (A) measures time (B) time is measured (C) for measuring time (D) the time for measuring 解析 : 同位语, 动词 use 的用法,used for doing sth/ used to do sth, 过去分词后置修饰名词 instrument 参考译文 : 玻璃时钟 ( 玻璃沙漏 ), 一种测量时间的仪器, 一般由狭窄部分连接在一起的两个玻璃泡组成 4. A master is an electronic apparatus that radio and light waves. (A) generated and was amplified (B) generating and amplifying (C) generates and amplifies (D) to generate and amplify 解析 : 定语从句, 被修饰成分是 apparatus, 仪器, 所以用 that 为连接 adv., that 在从句中作主语 A 时态不对, 被动不对 ;B,D 不能构成完整从句 参考译文 : mater 是一种电子仪器, 用来产生和放大无线电波和光波 - 9 -

11 5. The human skin forms against the action of physical, chemical, and bacterial agents on the deeper tissues. (A) how protective a barrier is (B) a protective barrier (C) a barrier protects (D) and which a barrier protects 解析 : 动词 form 的用法, 直接加宾语,a protective barrier A 逻辑意思不对,C 有两个动词谓语, D 主句和从句并列 参考译文 : 人类的皮肤形成一层保护层阻挡物理的, 化学的或者生物的物质在深层皮肤上作用 6. Medical research at the cellular level, research on the immune system, has been made possible through twentieth-century advances in techniques of genetic research. (A) which (B) whereas (C) such as (D) is also 解析 : 插入语举例,such as 的用法 A 的 which 是定语从句的标志但是, 没有定语从句的谓语 ; B whereas 是转折连词, 没有主句 ; D 两个动词谓语没有连接词, 错误 参考译文 : 在细胞层面的医学研究, 例如免疫系统的研究, 已经由 20 世纪的在基因工程研究进步而成为可能 7. Living organisms contain more water substance. (A) than do any other (B) does than any other (C) other than do they any (D) than they do any other 答案 :D 解析 : 并列比较结构, do= contain, they= living organisms 用 A 数不对, 改成 does 可以, 但注意修改后的主语变化,Living organisms contain more water than does any other substance. 逻辑意思有所不同. 生物含水比其他物质含水多. B,C 的语序大错 参考译文 : 生物含有的水分比它含的任何其他物质都多 8. The twentieth century has been a period of enormous growth in mathematical research and in the number of mathematicians and fields them. (A) they require (B) requiring (C) require (D) as required 解析 : 现在分词作定语修饰名词 fields A,C 都有 2 个谓语动词, 少联系词 that, D 少介词 by 参考译文 : 20 世纪在数学研究方面经历了巨大的进步, 数学家的数量和要求数学家发挥作用的科目都有了长足进展

12 9. Columbia University s School of Public Health is a handful of schools of public health in the United States. (A) one that (B) the one (C) one of (D) one 解析 : one of 结构, 类似结构有序数词 +of the ****, the first of the four boys to enter college, three of the angles, most of the*** 等等, 这种结构似乎前面总是用定冠词. 但是 sth is one of ****s, 是另外一种形式, 不受此限. 参考译文 :Columbia 大学的公共医学院是美国不多的公共医学学院之一 10. The United States Department of the interior designated the Brooklyn bridge in (A) was a national historic landmark (B) a national historic landmark (C) which a national historic landmark (D) a national historic landmark which 解析 : 动词 Designate sth sth 是接双宾语的固定句型, 把. 指定为.., 注意中间不用 as, to be 等词, 类似于 win, elect; A 两个动词谓语, C 定语从句没有动词谓语,D 后面多了个 which 注意 : 是 designate 不是 design. 参考译文 : 在 1964 年, 美国内务部将 Brooklyn 桥提名为全国性的历史标志 11. In jazz music, a riff is a simple melodic figure, and repeated several times. (A) usually one or two measures lasted (B) lasted one measure or two usually (C) is lasting one or two measures usually (D) usually lasting one or two measures 答案 :D 解析 : 这是平行对称结构种比较难得一个情况, 就是现在分词和过去分词并列修饰名词 figure, last 是主动的, the figure lasts one or two measures; repeat 是被动的, the figure is repeated several times 其他几个 choice 都是主动被动混乱, C 有两个动词谓语 参考译文 : 在爵士乐中, 反复乐节是一种简单的旋律符号, 通常持续一个或者几个小节并且重复几次 12. At its center, the sun has a density of over a hundred times and a temperature of 10 to 20 million degrees centigrade. (A) that of water (B) of water (C) than that of water (D) water 答案 :A 解析 : 并列比较结构, that= a density, B 不知道比较对象是什么,C 多了 than ( 或者说少了比较词, 更好点.), D 没有结构 参考译文 : 在它的中心, 太阳的密度是水的密度的 100 倍, 温度高达 百万摄氏度

13 13. The United States Congress appropriates some four million dollars the upkeep of the White House grounds. (A) year for a (B) for a year (C) a year for (D) a for year 解析 : 介宾结构 for the upkeep of, 量词 four million dollars a year 是正常的用法 参考译文 : 美国国会每年拨款约 4 百万来维护白宫的地面 14. The sea horse uses to cling to the seaweed and other plants. (A) it has a tail (B) a tail with which it (C) its tail (D) as its tail 解析 :use sth to do sth/ use sth for doing sth 动词 use 的用法 参考译文 : 海马用它的尾巴紧紧附着在水草和其他植物上 15. In the years ahead, health professionals will be able to enhance or restore health far better at present. (A) whereas (B) they can (C) than (D) that are 解析 : 比较结构, 出现 better, 找 than, 只有 C 对 参考译文 : 在以后的时间里, 医学专业人员将能够比现在更好的提高和回复人们的健康 16. The constitution of New Hampshire, a second oldest among those of the fifty states, was adopted in a second : the second 解析 : 最高级前面用 the, 主要这里有 among those of 说明是最高级 ; 如果只有 a most beautiful girl, 就没有错, a most 表示很, 非常 参考译文 :New Hampshire 州, 第二历史悠久的州, 在 1784 年建立州法 17. Elinor Wylie s writings consist of eight books---four novels and four volumes of poem---in which she displayed a knowledge of both history and literature.. Poem: poems 解析 : 可数名词不能单独出现, 要么有冠词, 要么复数 参考译文 :Elinor Wylie 的作品包括 8 本书, 四本小说和四部诗集, 在作品中她表现出了历史和文学知识 18. In addition to their usefulness as scavengers, birds are of enormous value to humans because of they

14 eat insects and control the spread of weeds ChaseDream 原创. Because of : because 解析 :because of 是介词, 只能接名词, because 连词, 接句子 参考译文 : 除了作为食腐者的作用, 鸟类对人还有很大的作用, 因为它们捕食昆虫, 控制野草 19. When precipitation occurs, some of it evaporates, some runs off the surface it strikes, and some sinking into the ground. 答案 :D. sinking: sinks 解析 : 平行对称结构, 动词谓语 evaporates, runs off and runs into 并列, 都是一般现在时态 参考译文 : 当降水发生后, 一部分蒸发了, 一部分离开它落地的表面了, 还有一部分渗入了地面 20. The astronauts chosen for fly the first United States spacecraft were selected from military test pilots. 答案 :A. chosen for: chosen to 解析 :chosen for doing/ chosen to do 都可以, 但是 for 是介词, 不能直接加动词原形 参考译文 : 首批挑选出来的美国航天飞机的飞行员是从军队的飞行员里选拔的 21. Tarantulas inject a paralyzing venom into prey or with their large fangs.. or with: with 解析 :or 是连词, 这里并没有并列的东西来连接, 多余, 去掉就可以了 参考译文 :Tarantulas 蜘蛛把一种有麻痹效力的毒液用它们的大毒牙注射入猎物体内 22. Born in New York City in 1891, Preston Dickinson was one of the pioneers of modern artistic in the United States. 答案 :D. artistic: artists 解析 : 形容词和名词混用 参考译文 : 出生于 1891 年,Preston Dickinson 是美国现代艺术先驱之一 23. The water of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans make up 70.8 percent to the Earth s surface. 答案 :D. to: of 解析 : 本题中,make up 的谓语动词错误比较明显严重, 相比较而言,to the Earth s surface 还是容易接受的 不过 to 肯定也是错的 percent of sth 是正常的用法, to 介词错误 而且必须用 percent, 出过考点是 percentage, 也是错误的 参考译文 : 大西洋, 太平洋和印度洋的水域构成了地球表面的 70.8% Pumpkin 注 : 我认为题目抄写有误, 应该是 waters 不是 water waters 复数特指 the water in a particular lake, river etc, 以下例子来自 Longman Dictionary the waters of the Amazon, the coastal waters of Alaska 24. The three main television networks in the United States account for more advertising dollars than any others medium

15 答案 :D. others: other 解析 :other 的用法, others 是指代词, 不能放在 medium 前面作定语修饰名词 medium 参考译文 : 美国的主要三个电视新闻频道 (ABC,CNN,NBC) 的广告金额比任何其他媒体都多 25. In 1913 when he was only 18 year old, Leo Sowerby s violin concerto was performed by the Chicago Symphony.. year old: years old 解析 : 表示年龄的惯用法 10 years old, 还有类似的 3 meters high 参考译文 : 在 1913 年, 他 18 岁的时候,Leo Sowerby 的小提琴协奏曲由 Chicago 演奏团表演了 26. Fossil records support the assumption which microorganisms were the first forms of life.. which: that 解析 : 同位语从句 assumption that 用 which 必须是非限制性定语从句的连接词 参考译文 : 化石记录支持这样的假设 : 微生物是最早的生命形式 27. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch was founded in 1878 and by 1881 had become the most largest evening newspaper in the city. 答案 :D. most largest: largest 解析 : 最高级只要一个就可以了,most 重复了 参考译文 :St. Louis 的 Post-Dispatch 报纸创建于 1878 年, 到 1881 年已经成为 St. Louis 城最大的报纸 28. In artifacts from as early as the Stone Age, mathematics and art can be seen to have fused in the geometric patterns decorate pottery, weaving, and carpentry.. decorate: to decorate 解析 : 现在分词作定语修饰名词 patterns, 用原形就造成句子两个动词谓语没有连接词, 不定式做目的状语 参考译文 : 早在石器时代的艺术品中, 数学和艺术就可以看出来是集中在几何图案中, 这些几何图案用于装饰陶器, 编织品和木工制品 29. Despite their common heritage, background, and homogeneity, the original United States consisted of 13 distinct political entities, each commanding considerable loyal from its citizenry. 答案 :D. loyal: loyalty 解析 : 名词和形容词的区别 形容词不能放在这里作 command 的宾语 参考译文 : 虽然美国的老 13 州有共同的历史, 背景和统一性, 可是每个州都要求州内的居民忠实于自己 30. The choreographer George Balanchine created more than 150 works for the New York City Ballet, that which he was a founder.. that which: of/for which 都可以解析 : 两个连接词重复使用, 一定错了, 定语从句还原 : he was a founder of the New York City Ballet Chorographer 是人, choreography 是舞蹈艺术 参考译文 : 舞蹈家 George Balanchine 创作了 150 多部纽约吧蕾舞, 是这个派别的奠基人之一

16 31. Some ways in which lizards different from snake are in having ear openings, moveable eyelids, and less flexible jaws.. different: differ 解析 : 定语从句还原 lizards differ from snakes in some ways, 用 different 就导致定语从句没有动词谓语 ; 注意 openings 是可数名词 参考译文 : 蜥蜴和蛇的一些不同之处在于蜥蜴有耳朵洞, 眼皮可以动, 下巴没有蛇那么活动 32. Much of the work of the anthropologist Margaret Mead was devoting to a study of patterns of child rearing in various cultures.. Devoting : devoted 解析 :be devoted to sth/ be dedicated to sth 是惯用法, devoting 主动形式意思不对, 结构也不对, devote sth to sth 参考译文 : 人类学家 Margaret Mead 致力于研究在不同文化中的培养孩子的方式 33. The feathers of birds not only protect their skin from injury and conserve body heat, but also function in flight, courtship, camouflage, and sensory perceptive. 答案 :D. perceptive: perception 解析 : 几个名词的并列 :in flight, courtship, camouflage, and sensory perception; perceptive 是形容词, 不能并列 注意句子主语是 the feathers 是复数, 所以 function 作为动词是完全正确的 ; heat 是不可数名词 ; 特别注意 their skin 不是 their skins 参考译文 : 鸟类的羽毛不仅仅保护它们的皮肤不受伤, 保护身体的热量, 而且作用在以下几个方面 : 打斗, 求偶, 伪装, 感觉 34. Of the many mushroom species growing wild, the common field mushroom is the one that is most frequently gather for human consumption. 答案 :D. gather: gathered 解析 : 动词被动形式错误, 前面明明有 is 那必须是 gathered, 动词原形当然不对了 ;growing 是现在分词作定语, 没有错 原来的句子顺序 : The common field mushroom is the one of many mushroom species growing wild that is most frequently gathered for human consumption 两个修饰成分放在后面不明确, 就把一个放在句首, 更加清楚被修饰的对象 参考译文 : 在众多蘑菇品种中,the common field mushroom 是最常被人们收集食用的 35. Carl Roger s client-centered therapy is now widely employed and is among the most influential technique in modern United States clinical psychology.. technique: techniques 解析 : 可数名词在 among 后面, 必须是复数, 不然逻辑意思不对 参考译文 :Carl Roger 的客户中心治疗法现在广为使用, 是当代美国临床心理学最有影响力的治疗方法之一 36. Female horseflies transmit a few diseases, but their main significance as pests is in sting of their bite

17 答案 :D. in sting: in the sting 解析 : 可数名词不能单独出现, 特别在 the AAAAA of the BBBBB 的结构中, 冠词不能少 参考译文 : 雌性苍蝇传播一些疾病, 不过它们最大的讨厌之处是它们的叮咬 -----ChaseDream 原创 37. Despite a lack of navigably waterways, Madison, Wisconsin, developed into a manufacturing center as well as a major trade nucleus during the 1800 s.. navigable: navigable 解析 : 形容词和副词的混淆, 副词不能修饰名词, 不能作名词的定语 参考译文 : 虽然 Wisconsin 州的 Madison 市缺乏可以航行的水道,Madison 仍然在 19 世纪发展成为制造业和商业中心 38. The food and water that people consume them come from the environment, provided either by nature or through the work of farmers and other producers. 答案 :A. consume them: consume 解析 : 定语从句的宾语 that 已经掉到句字前面了, them 就是重复了, 还原 : people consume the food and water;come from 是句子的动词谓语, 主语是 the food and water; provided by 是过去分词修饰成分, 完全正确, 可以这样检验 : the food and water that are provided either by or through. 参考译文 : 人们消费的食物和水都来自环境, 要么由自然提供, 要么由农民或者其他生产者的劳动来提供 39. Communal dance, as a powerful symbol of mutual regard and cooperation group, underlies enduring traditions in folk dancing.. cooperation group: group cooperation 解析 : 名词并列 regard 和 cooperation, 尊重和合作 词序混乱, 方法 : 读不通的时候可以试试调一下 参考译文 : 交谊舞, 作为一种互相尊重和集体合作的标志, 构成民间舞蹈中耐久不衰的传统 40. More than 800 major oil company have plants and offices in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the site of the international petroleum exposition.. company: companies 解析 : 可数名词单复数误用 出现明确的复数标志 :more than 800 参考译文 : 在 Oklahoma 的 Tulsa 市, 有 800 多个石油公司的工厂和办公室,Tulsa 是国际石油展示中心

18 2003 年 10 月 -----ChaseDream 原创 1. The musical comedy Oklahoma did much to expand the potential of the musical stage, and it encouraged others to attempt (A) original themes (B) to original themes (C) that were original themes (D) how original themes 答案 :A 解析 : 动词 attempt to do sth/ attempt sth, 没有 attempt to sth 的用法,B 错,C,D 都有连词 that 或者 how, 但是后面的成分不能构成完整的从句 参考译文 :Oklahoma 的音乐旋律对于音乐舞台的发展恭喜很大, 它也激励了其他原创的旋律 2. Despite its fishlike form, the whale is and will drown if submerged too long. (A) an animal breathes air that (B) an animal that breathes air (C) an animal breathes air (D) that an animal breathes air 解析 : 定语从句的用法, 只有 B 正确, A, C 都是句子两个动词谓语没有连接词, 错 ; D 可以看作是表语从句, 但是逻辑意思不能充当表语, 一种动物是动物呼吸空气 从逻辑上说不通 参考译文 : 虽然它的形状象鱼, 鲸是一种呼吸空气的动物, 如果在水里停留时间太长, 会窒息而死 3. The saguaro, found in desert regions in the southwestern United States, cactus in the world. (A) is the largest (B) the largest (C) that is the largest (D) the largest that is a 答案 :A 解析 : 最高级的用法, found 是过去分词作插入语修饰, 不是句子的谓语动词, 所以 B, C, D 句子无谓语动词 参考译文 :Saguaro 仙人掌, 可以在美国西南地区发现, 是世界上最大的仙人掌 4. It is said that United Stales literature individuality and identity in the twentieth century, after long imitation of European models. (A) was achieved (B) achieved (C) to achieve (D) achieving 解析 : 动词 achieve 的用法 achieve 可以及物动词也可以不及物动词, 例子 :Women have yet to achieve full equality in the work place. We want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession 原文中有词组 individuality and identity, 选了 A 的话, 这个成分就没有作用了, 必须说 individuality and identity was achieved; 要保证句子通顺各个给定的成分正常作用, 只能选 B 参考译文 : 据说美国文学在 20 世纪孕育出独立性和自主性, 而且是在长期模仿欧洲模型的之后才形成的

19 5. Lucy Stone, first feminists in the United States, helped organize the American Woman Suffrage Association in (A) the one (B) who was the (C) another (D) one of the 答案 :D 解析 : 名词结构的插入语, one of 结构, 句子谓语动词是 help, 注意 help 的用法, help do sth, help to do sth, help sb to do sth, help sb 都可以 ; A, B 错在数, 如果不是复数 feminists, 而是单数 feminist, 那就选 B C 没有这种用法的 参考译文 :Lucy Stone, 美国最早的女权运动者之一, 在 1869 年帮助组织了美国女性权力协会 6. including climate, mineral content, and the permanency of surface water, wetlands may be mossy,grassy, scrubby, or wooded. (A) Depending on many factors (B) Many factors depending on (C) Factors depending on many (D) On many factors depending 答案 :A 解析 : 现在分词作全句状语, B 的成分 depending on 和原文的 including 不能连接, on 是介词, 这里 including 的作用也是介词, 重复使用肯定不可以, C 不知道 many 的指代, D 语序混乱 参考译文 : 依据气候, 矿物质的含量, 和表面水分的永久程度, 湿地可能是长满青苔的, 长满草的, 长满灌木的, 或者有树木的 7. Duke Ellington's orchestra, his own often complex compositions, made many innovations in jazz. (A) he played (B) playing (C) that it played (D) was playing 解析 : 注意句子本身已经有谓语, made, 在没有连词的情况下, D 必错. 同时 A 中的 he 是前面的主语不能和句子连起来. C 中的 it 没有指代. 应该去调. 应该 that 已经代 Duk *** 了. 这个题目中的 playing his own often complex compositions 是插入的修饰成分, 句子的伴随 原因状语 准备考 GMAT 的朋友注意 : 在 GMAT 的句子改错中, 这个句子的最优先的表达应该是把伴随成分放在句首 : Playing his own often complex compositions, Duke Ellington's orchestra made many innovations in jazz. 在 GMAT 的句子改错中, 原文的中间修饰成分称为 squinting modifier, 是不严格的 参考译文 :Duke Ellington 的管弦乐队演奏了很多他本人谱写的复杂的乐章, 从而对爵士乐进行了很多革新. 8. The term "ice age" refers to any of several periods of time when glaciers covered considerably more of Earth's surface. (A) as is today (B) than today is (C) than they do today (D) that today

20 解析 : 并列比较结构, they= glaciers, do= cover 出现了 more 找有 than 的选项, B, C, B 中的比较的成分变成了 glacier 和 today 比较, 意思不对 参考译文 : 冰期 指的是任何一段时间, 该段时间内冰山覆盖了地球表面的相当大的部分 9. From colonial times, United States property owners agreed to tax themselves on the theory directly from services that the government could provide. (A) property owners benefited so that (B) why property owners benefited (C) that if property owners benefited (D) that property owners benefited 答案 :D 解析 : 同位语从句 theory/ assumption/ reason that, that 作连接词, 不作句子成分 C 的意思是疑问句了, 和主句意思不一致 参考译文 : 自从殖民时代开始, 美国的拥有资产的人就同意政府征税, 因为他们相信资产拥有者从政府的服务中得到好处 10. Helium is not flammable and, next to hydrogen, is. (A) known the lightest gas (B) lightest the known gas (C) the lightest gas known (D) the known gas lightest 解析 : 最高级 the lightest gas 的用法, known 是过去分词后置定语 ; 其他选项语序混乱 B,D 都没有把 the lightest 连在一起, 错 ;A 的 known 脱离了名词 gas 参考译文 : 氦不能燃烧, 而且, 是仅次于氢气的为人所知道的气体 11. Wild eagles that survive to adulthood are believed from 20 to 30 years. (A) live (B) to live (C) they live (D) their living 解析 :be believed to do sth 是习惯用法, A,C 都是两个谓语动词没有连接词, 错 ;D 从语法上说, their living 没有适当的语法成分 参考译文 : 能够活到成年的野生的鹰寿命长度为 年 12. Portland,, is located primarily on two hilly peninsulas overlooking Casco Bay and its many islands. (A) which Maine's largest city (B) Maine's largest city where (C) is Maine's largest city (D) Maine's largest city 答案 :D 解析 : 同位语作插入语, 单独的名词词组就可以了 ; A 的定语从句缺谓语 ; B 多了 where, C 两个谓语

21 动词没有连接词 参考译文 :Portland 是 Maine 州最大的城市, 主要座落在山峦起伏的两个半岛上, 面对 Casco Bay 和 Casco Bay 的很多小岛 13. widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is principally consumed by the glass industry. (A) Despite (B) Whether (C) Though (D) Except for 解析 : 状语从句的省略, 还原就是 :Though sodium carbonate is widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is A,D 都是介词, 不能接形容词, 要接名词 B 的意义不对 参考译文 : 虽然在化学工业广泛应用, 碘炭化合物主要消耗在玻璃工业 14. Cells, first identified by the early microscopists, began to be considered in the nineteenth century. (A) them as microcosm of living organisms (B) the microcosm of living organisms (C) the microcosm of living organisms to be (D) as which, the microcosm of living organisms 解析 : 被动语态, sth be considered sth, 还原动词主动语态 :consider sth to be sth, 中间的 to be 可以省略 A 多出来 them, 重复了 ; C 的 to be 是不完整的成分, D 是混淆定语从句 参考译文 : 细胞最早由早期的微生物学者定义, 到 19 世纪的时候被认为是生物的微组成 15. Like Jupiter, Saturn is a large, gaseous planet composed of hydrogen and helium. (A) it is mostly (B) mostly (C) almost (D) both are almost 解析 : 副词 mostly 的用法 almost 是几乎 差不多的意思, mostly 意思是大部分 而且 almost 修饰动词 名词等, 都放在前面 参考译文 : 像 Jupiter 木星一样,Saturn 土星是一个巨大的, 有气体的星球, 气体的主要成分是氢气和氦气 16.Bacterial cultures are used commercially in the preparation of food products such that yogurt,sour cream,and vinegar. 答案 :D. such that: such as 解析 : 举例用 such as, 惯用法, 考过多次, 还有把 such as 颠倒过来的错误或是把 such a 颠倒来混淆视听 参考译文 : 细菌繁殖种群在商业上用来生产食品, 比如酸奶, 酸乳酪和醋

22 17. Anyone with absolute, or perfect, pitch are able to identify by ear any note at some standard pitch or to sing a specified note at will. 答案 :A. are: is 解析 : 主语是 anyone, 谓语动词要用单数 Some 指的是 某, 后面可以是单数或者复数的名词 参考译文 : 任何一个有全阶音律的人都能够通过耳朵分别标准音高或者任意唱出特定音符 18. Sea horses usually live along the shore among seaweed and other plants to which they cling to by their tails.. cling to: cling 解析 : 定语从句的用法, 还原 : they cling to other plants by their tails 原文中已经有 to which, 后面的 to 多余 参考译文 : 海马通常生活在海边的水草或者其他的植物中, 他们用自己的尾巴牢牢附着在植物上面 19. Babies have soft spots between the bones of their skulls, which allowing for further growth. 答案 :D. allowing: allow 解析 : 定语从句的用法, 还原 :soft spots allows for further growth Allowing 导致定语从句无谓语动词 参考译文 : 婴儿的头骨之间有柔软部分, 允许进一步生长 20. T.S.Elot, who a poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor, was a leader of the Modemist movement in poetry. 答案 :A. who, 去掉, 或者变成 who was, 不过有罗嗦之嫌解析 : 定语从句和插入语的用法 只有 who, 没有 was, 导致定语从句无谓语动词 修改以后, 出现很长的一个插入语 a poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor, 注意说的是一个人, 而不是很多人, 谓语动词是单数的 参考译文 :T.S.Elot, 一个诗人, 剧作家, 文学评论家, 编辑, 是诗歌界 Modemist 运动的领袖人物 21.The Pacific Ocean comprises almost the entire boundary western of North and South America. 答案 :D. boundary western: western boundary 解析 :western 作形容词修饰要前置 参考译文 : 太平洋几乎构成南北美洲整个西部的边沿 22.Established in 1948, the State University of New York is the singly United States. largest university system in the 答案 : B. singly: single 解析 : 副词形容词用法 single 修饰的是 university system, 独立的, 单独的, 如果是副词就变成 单独 来修饰 最大, 不合逻辑意思了 single 的一种用法, 放在最高级前面表示强调. 参考译文 : 建立于 1948 年, 纽约州立大学是美国最大的单独的大学系统 23.Photography disseminates information about humanity and nature, records the visible world, and extension human knowledge into areas the eye cannot penetrate

23 答案 : C. extension: extends 解析 : 动词并列 disseminates records.extends. 参考译文 : 摄影传播人类和自然的信息, 记录可见的历史, 延伸人类的知识到达眼睛不能穿透的地方 24.Because of their rapidly changing economically fortunes, many frontier towns of the American West underwent spectacular fluctuations in population in the nineteenth century.. economically: economic 解析 : 形容词副词混淆, 副词不能作定语修饰名词 fortunes 参考译文 : 在 19 世纪, 由于它们财富改变特别迅速, 很多美国西部的边疆城镇经历了人口的巨大起伏 25.Virtually no disease exists today for which there is no drug that can be given, neither to cure the disease or to alleviate its symptoms.. neither: either 解析 : 固定搭配 neither nor, either or 参考译文 : 基本上来说现在没有任何一种疾病是没有相应的治疗药物的, 也许治愈该疾病, 也许缓解症状 26.Calcium is essential for blood clotting, for the action of certain enzymes, and for the normal contraction and relax of muscles. 答案 : D. relax: the relaxation 解析 : 词性误用 relax 是动词, 这里要名词并列 contraction and relaxation 参考译文 : 钙对于以下都很重要 : 血液的凝固, 某些酶的发挥作用, 肌肉的正常收缩和放松 27.The large collection of the Williams College Museum of Art includes ancient and medieval art, but much exhibits are modern or contemporary. 答案 : D. much: more 解析 : much 不能修饰可数名词 exhibits, more 是 much 和 many 的比较级, 可以用 从语句的含义上来看, 改成 more 比 many 合适 参考译文 :Williams 学院艺术博物馆包括古代和中世纪的, 不过很多还是现代或者当代艺术品 28.The technique of spectroscopy allows analyst of incoming light after it has been separated into its component wavelengths by passage through a prism. 答案 :A. analyst:analysis 解析 :passage 这里做名词,analyst of incoming light 讲不通, 况且 allow sb. to do sth 参考译文 : 光谱分析技术使得分析光的组成成为可能, 当光通过棱住折射的时候, 分出自己的波长, 显示出成分 29. Today, fifty years after its construction, the Alaska Highway conveys 40,000 vehicles in normal year. 答案 : D. in normal: in a normal 解析 : 表达每年的概念一定要有 a year, 不定冠词不能少 参考译文 : 在 Alaska 高速公里建成 50 年后的今天, 这条路每年来往的车辆有 辆

24 30.Since prehistoric times, artists have been arranged colors on surfaces in ways that express their ideas about people,the world,and religion. 答案 : have been: have 解析 : 主被动混淆, 主语是 artists, 是人, 是动作 arrange 的发出者, 这里需要主动语态 参考译文 : 自从远古时代以来, 艺术家们就安排使用色彩和面来表达他们对人, 世界和宗教的观点 31. Few substances look less alike than coal and diamonds, yet both are fashioned from same elemental carbon. 答案 : from same: from the same 解析 : 没有划线的部分是正确的, 既然是 look 复数, 那么主语的复数也是正确的 The 是放在专有名词前面的定冠词, 在此处不可省略 same 前面总是加 the 的. 参考译文 : 很少有物质如同石墨和钻石这样, 看起来一点不像, 但是却来自同一元素种炭 32.Meteorologists can program their computes to scan for a specific set of weather criteria, such as falling barometric pressure, increase cloud cover, and rising humidity. 答案 : increase: increasing 解析 : 并列成分 falling, increasing, rising 核心是名词并列 pressure, cover and humidity, increase 是动词原形, 不能作为定语修饰, falling, rising 都是分词, 可以作定语 参考译文 : 气象学家能够编程序计算特殊结构的天气标准数据, 例如降低的大气压力, 升高的云层覆盖, 和升高的湿度 33.Obsidian is formed when siliceous lava cools too rapidly to crystallized into rock-forming minerals. 答案 :crystallized: crystallize 解析 : to do sth 不定式的用法, to 永远不能直接加过去分词 参考译文 : 黑熠石是含硅的岩浆急速冷却结晶形成的石头状的矿物 34.European settlers in North America moved from the Atlantic coast across 3,000 miles forests, grasslands, deserts, and mountains until they reached the Pacific Ocean. 答案 : miles forests: miles of forests 解析 : 名词之间的连接用 of 表示修饰从属关系参考译文 : 北美的欧洲定居者从大西洋迁移了 3000 英里, 经过森林, 草地, 沙漠和山脉, 终于来到了太平洋 35.Philosophy tries to discover the nature of true and knowledge and to find what is of basic value and importance in life. 答案 :true: truth 解析 : 名词并列 truth and knowledge 参考译文 : 哲学家试图发现真实和知识的性质, 找到基本价值和生活中重要的东西是什么 36.In this world of high technology, it is easy to forget that the most important tools ever developed for

25 learning is still the book ChaseDream 原创 答案 : tools: tool 解析 : 谓语是 is, 主语要用单数 tool 参考译文 : 在当今的高科技社会中, 人们常常忘记古往今来最重要的学习工具仍然是书本 37.The element potassium makes up less than one half percentage of the human body. 答案 :percentage: percent 解析 :percent 的用法 ten percent of sth 参考译文 : 钾元素占人体成分的 0.5% 不到 38.Twenty thousand years ago a sheet of ice a thousand meters thick covered the coastal region which the cities of Vancouver and Juneau now are located. 答案 :which: in which 解析 : 定语从句的用法, 还原 :the cities of Vancouver and Juneau are located in the coastal region. 注意 B 的用法是对的, 类似 ten years old, five meter tall 参考译文 : 两万年前, 一层厚度为 1000 英尺的冰层覆盖着海边的区域, 这个区域如今是 Vancouver 和 Juneau 市座落的地方 39.The Crow, Blackfoot, and Sioux tribes traditionally adorned they dwellings and costumes with colorful and highly valued beaded decorations. 答案 :they: their 解析 : 人称代词和物主代词的混淆参考译文 :Crow, Blackfoot, and Sioux 三个部落用彩色的而且很昂贵的珠子来装饰他们的住处和民族服装 40. In the late 1800 s, United States painter Thomas Eakins develop a broad, powerful Realist style that became almost expressionistic in his later years. 答案 :develop: developed 解析 : 过去时态, 时间很明显是 In the late 1800 s, 过去的时间 参考译文 : 在 19 世纪, 美国画家 Thomas Eakins 创造出一种宽阔的, 强有力的现实主义的风格, 该风格基本成为他晚些年代作品的表现手法

26 2004 年 1 月 1. The ancestors of the horse lived and were about half a meter tall. (A) years ago 60 million (B) 60 million years ago (C) ago 60 million years (D) million years ago 60 解析 : 考点是词组顺序问题, ago 肯定放在时间后面 参考译文 : 马的祖先生活在 6 千万年前, 半米高左右 2. The museum on Ellis Island, a former immigration station, contains documents and artifacts to four centuries of United States immigration. (A) related them (B) related (C) related that (D) be related 解析 : 考点是分词后置修饰, 固定词组 relate to 参考译文 :Ellis 岛的博物馆, 前身是移民局, 藏有 4 个世纪多来美国移民的档案和工艺品 3., particularly the oxides of sulfur, greatly increases the rate at which rust forms. (A) The presence of air pollutants (B) Air pollutants are present (C) Because the presence of air pollutants (D) Air pollutants whose presence 答案 :A 解析 : 考点是结构上少主语. 排除 BC. D whose 从句和下文连不上. 参考译文 : 气体污染物的出现, 特别是 oxides of sulfur 硫化物, 很大程度上加速了锈的形成. 4. The Sun, the Moon, and Earth have magnetic fields, and evidence that the stellar that extend through vast regions galaxies have fields of space. (A) which is (B) is (C) because (D) There is 答案 :D 解析 :and 链接一个完整的句子. B 中 sun, earth, moon 本身不能是证明. 参考译文 : 太阳, 月亮, 地球均有磁极. 有证明表示那些在星系中延伸空间很多的星座都具有天空. 5. The confederation school poets of nineteenth-century Canada were primarily nature poets, a wealth of eulogies to Canadian rural life. (A) and producing (B) who they produced (C) producing

27 (D) whose production of -----ChaseDream 原创 解析 :A producing 连不上. B 中应该去掉 they, D 不是完整的从句, 缺少谓语动词. C 其实是 who produced 的分词修饰形式. 现在分词作句子的状语 参考译文 : 19 世纪加拿大的 confederation 派诗人主要为田园派诗人 其主题多为歌颂加拿大的乡村生活. 6. Since prehistoric people first applied natural pigments to cave walls, have painted to express themselves. (A) when artists (B) artists (C) artists who (D) that artists 解析 : 少主语. ACD 都造成句子没有主句, 只有从句 参考译文 ; 自从人类第一次开始将自然色素使用在岩洞壁上, 艺术家们就开始用绘画表达情感. 7. About 42 million bushels of oats are used annually manufacture of breakfast foods in die United States. (A) the (B) is the (C) in the (D) to 答案 : C 解析 : 除了 be used to do, 还有 be used in sth, be used for doing sth 也可以 ; 注意 manufacture of 的 Of 表明了 manufacture 的词性, 是名词, 不是动词 参考译文 : 在美国, 每年大约有 4200 万普尔的燕麦用于生产早餐食品. 8. Any acid can, in principle, neutralize any base, although between some of the more reactive compounds. (A) side reactions can occur (B) the occurrence of side reactions can (C) can side reactions occur (D) side reactions that can occur 答案 :A 解析 : although 从句, 其他顺序都很乱, B 的情态动词 can 单独用, 错, 必须是 can do sth/ can be; C 倒装错, 没有倒装的环境 ; D 的 although 从句缺少谓语动词 参考译文 : 理论上说, 任何一种酸都可以中和任何一种主要物质, 虽然某些活跃的混合物会产生付反应. 9. Just over two-thirds of Earth s surface is covered by wafer, more than 98 percent of this water is contained in the oceans. (A) with (B) which (C) and (D) resulting

28 解析 : 后面是一个完整的句子, 故前面用 and 连词. 参考译文 : 超过 2/3 的地表被水覆盖着. 其中超过 98% 的是海洋 ChaseDream 原创 l0. Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come in shapes, colors, and materials.to handle and to sort them. (A) that almost compel one (B) one compels (C) that compel almost (D) one is almost compelled 答案 :A 解析 : 定义从句, 先行词为前面的 shapes, colors, and materials 参考译文 : 珠子看着赏心悦目, 摸着圆润光滑. 其形状, 颜色, 质地让人们不由得对其进行加工, 分类. 11. In 1978 the united States National Air and Space Administration selected Sally Ride.the first woman astronaut. (A) who being (B) to be (C) and being (D) was 解析 :select sb sth 或者 select sb to be sth 的固定句型, 注意没有 to be 其实也不错的, 可以说 select sb sth, 类似的还有 win, elect 参考译文 : 1978 年, 美国 NASA 选出 Sally 为美国的第一位女宇航员. 12. Adhesions are formed within the body in response to inflammation or injury. (A) that thin bands of scar tissue (B) they thin bands of scar tissue when (C) thin bands of scar tissue (D) thin bands of scar tissue able to 解析 : 缺少宾语. 因后面不是从句, 排除 A. B, D 后面的 when 和 able to 都无法和 formed 连上. 参考译文 ; Adhesions 皮肤组织 ( 实在不知道中文的专有名词叫什么 ) 是因烧伤或其他受伤引起的一条薄薄的伤疤组织. 13. The planet Neptune is about 30 times from the Sun as Earth is. (A) far (B) as far (C) more far (D) far that. 解析 : 比较结构的考点. 下文出现了 as, 提示上面应该用 as adj as. 参考译文 ; Neptune 距离太阳是日地距离的 30 倍左右. 14. Not until the 1850's a few public-spirited citizens and state legislatures seek to rescue historic buildings in the United States from destruction or alteration

29 (A) both (B) came (C) did (D) when -----ChaseDream 原创 解析 :not until 在句首倒装句型, 看到词汇立刻找助动词. 参考译文 : 直到十九世纪 50 年代, 一些有公益精神的市民和州立法机构才着手拯救美国的历史建筑, 以防其倒塌或被改建 bones forming the framework, or skeleton, of the human body. (A) Being over (B) There are over (C) Where over (D) Over 解析 :There be 句型, 没什么花头, 仔细就可以. 参考译文 : 200 块骨头组成了人体的骨架. 16. The world's water balance is regulated by the constant circulation of water in Liquid and vapor tom among the oceans, the atmospheric, and the land. 答案 : D. atmospheric: atmosphere 解析 : 前面 the oceans, 后面 the land 提示中间用名词 参考译文 : 地球水平衡要求持续不断的循环, 从液态到气态, 在大洋, 空气和土地中循环 17. The major purpose of the United States Department of Education are to ensure equal educational opportunity for all and to improve the quality of education. 答案 :A. purpose: purposes 解析 : 后面 are 提示前面的主语为复数, 注意这里的 for all 没有错, all 指代所有人 参考译文 : 美国教育部的主要目的是保障所有的人平等的教育机会, 提高教育质量 18. Massive gains in computer speed, power, and reliably have been largely due to advances in silicon technologies and manufacturing processes. 答案 : B. reliably: reliability 解析 : speed, power 提示后面用名词, 平行结构 参考译文 : 电脑运行速度, 能力和可靠性的巨大提高主要来自于硅技术和生产技术的进步 19. The sunflower, the official state flower of Kansas, and is widespread in the prairies of the western United States. 答案 :A. and is: is 解析 : 前面是主语名词, 没有必要用连词 用连词 and 导致第一个部分没有谓语 参考译文 : 向日葵,Kansas 州的州花, 在美国西部大草原分布广泛

30 20. Lake Superior, part of the United States-Canadian boundary, is a largest freshwater lake in the world.. a : the 解析 :the + 最高级结构, 后文 in the world 明确给出范围, 要用最高级 参考译文 :Superior 湖, 美国加拿大边境的一部分, 是世界上最大的淡水湖 21. The snapper, a large-headed fish with a long dorsal fin, is named to its characteristic way of suddenly shutting its mouth.. to: after/for 解析 :be named after. Be named for sth 此处认为用 for 表示原因更好. 注意 suddenly 不错. 后面修饰的是 shut 动词参考译文 :snapper, 一种头很大的鱼, 有很长的背鳍, 它的名字来源于它猛然闭嘴的特殊动作 备注 : 原文输入有误, 经朋友查证, 在 suddenly 后面没有逗号的 ; 有的版本的题目在 suddenly 后面有个逗号 22. The aim of the decorative arts is to beautiful our surroundings.. beautiful: beautify 解析 : 词性错误, to 要么是介词, 要么是不定式标志, 这里是不定式, 那么要动词, 不用形容词 参考译文 : 装饰艺术的目的是美化我们的环境 23. Modern digital synthesizers, based on microprocessors, are virtually unlimited in the number and range of musical sounds it can produce. 答案 :D. it: they 解析 : 指代为 : digital synthesizers 故用 they 参考译文 : 现代数字话合成器, 在依靠微处理器的帮助下, 基本上在处理乐符的数量和范围方面不受限制 24. During the years he composed, Charles Ives was isolation from the music world; none of his major works was publicly performed.. isolation: isolated 解析 :be done 被动结构 ; 注意 compose 的用法,be composed of sth 由 组成 ; 参考译文 : 在他创作的那些年里, Charles Ives 和音乐世界是隔离的, 没有任何一个他的主要著作被演奏过 25. Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy that attempts to eliminate conflict by alter the personality in a positive way.. alter: altering 解析 :by 后面的词性, 不可能直接加动词原型 ;by 是介词, 要接名词 By doing sth 表示通过 手段作 By 主要三个用法, 完成时态表示时间 ; 被动语态表示动作发出者 ; 接动名词表示方式 参考译文 : 心理分析是通过改变性格去除心理冲突的一种形式的治疗方法 26. Globally, the 1990's stood out as the warmest decade for what we have weather records

31 答案 :D. what: which 解析 : 介词 +which 从句的考点, 定语从句还原 : we have weather records for the warmest decade 参考译文 : 总的来说, 20 世纪 90 年代是我们有天气记录以来最暖的时代 27. Silicon chips are reliable and cheap to produce in large numbers and are used them in computers, calculators, programmed household appliances, and most electronic applications.. used them: used 解析 :use 的宾语重复 use sth in / use sth to do / use sth for doing sth, 宾语 sth 前置为被动语态, 不能再重复 参考译文 : 硅芯片可以稳定大量生产, 用于计算机, 计算器, 程序设定的家用电器, 还有几乎所有电子仪器 28. Because its pitch cannot easily be altered, the oboe serves as the standard which by the symphony orchestra is tuned.. which by: by which 解析 : 考点是介词 +which 的从句结构参考译文 : 由于双簧管不能轻易被修改音频, 常常用于乐队的标准调音 29. Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that form cushions between tendons and bones and protect them while movement. 答案 : D. while: 改成 in 或者 during 解析 : while 链接的是分句, 必须有动词. 有时可以省略主语和 be 动词, 但是不能没有动词参考译文 : 液囊中充满液体, 形成肌键与骨头之间的缓冲部分, 在移动的时候起保护它们的作用 30. In 1916, United States suffragist Alice Paul founded the National Woman s Party, a political party dedicate to establishing equal rights for women.. dedicate: dedicated 解析 : 动词变成其形容词形式后置修饰 ; 不修改的话就导致一个句子中两个谓语动词没有连词连接, 必然错 参考译文 : 在 1916 年, 美国主张扩大选举权的 Alice Paul 成立全国女党, 一个致力于女性平等权力的政党 31. The spice cinnamon and the drugs cascara and quinine all come from bark, the protective out layer of stems and roots of woody plants.. out: outer 解析 : 多次出现的考点. 其他有如 : up, low, in 等等. 这类词和 out 一样, 是介词不可以修饰名词. 必须改成 upper, lower, inner 等等参考译文 : 香料 cinnamon 和药品 cascara and quinine 都是来自树皮, 树皮是木本植物根茎表面的保护外层 32. Tunas migrate long distances over all the world's oceans and occupy tropical, temperate, and even some the cooler waters

32 答案 :D. some the: some of the 或者 some 解析 : 冠词的位置. The 永远是第一位的冠词, 它出现在其他修饰词的前面. 同时有些限定词不能同时出现修饰一个名词, 如, some 和 the. 必须中间有链接词. 比如 of 参考译文 : 金枪鱼在全世界各个海域漫游, 出没在热带, 温带, 甚至温度更低的地方 33. Taste buds, small sensory organ located on the tongue and palate, recognize four primary tastes: sweet, sour, salty and bitter. 答案 :A. organ: organs 解析 : 前面没有冠词, 后面是单数的实义名词, 必错. 同时 buds 提示, 后面用复数参考译文 : 味蕾, 位于舌头和上颚的微小的感觉器官, 主要分辨四种味道 : 甜, 酸, 咸, 苦 34. Astronauts receive extensive training to prepare themselves both physically and psychologically for complexity and rigor of a space mission. 答案 :D. for complexity: for the complexity 解析 :the AAAAA of BBBBB 的结构, 定冠词不能省略 参考译文 : 宇航员为了适应复杂的高要求的空间任务, 接受广泛的体能和心理的训练 35. By 1900 several prominent technical institutions, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, fashioned its own educational offerings to meet the industrial needs of the United States.. its: their 解析 : 代词指代错误. 参考译文 : 到 1900 年, 一些著名的技术学校, 包括 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 已经创造出自己独特的教育方案来适应美国的工业要求 36. Some of the earliest mechanical devices were designed to raise water from streams for the irrigate of crops. 答案 :D. irrigate: irrigation 解析 :For 后面不应该直接用动词. The 进一步提示参考译文 : 早期有些机械设备是设计从溪水中打水来灌溉作物的 37. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 increased the territory of the United States by approximate 846,000 square miles, practically doubling the area of the United States.. approximate: approximately 解析 :approximately 副词修饰句子参考译文 :1803 年的 Louisiana 购买使得美国的疆土扩大了 846,000 平方英里, 基本上是翻倍 38. A most useful tool for analyzing the elemental composition of fossils is the electron probe, a modify electron microscope. 答案 :D. modify: modified 解析 :Modify 是动词. 改成 modified 形容词才可以修饰名词 注意 a most useful tool 是正确的, 在后文没有比较的情况, a most 表示非常 =very

33 参考译文 : 分析化石成分的一个非常由于的工具是电子探测器, 一种改装的电子显微镜 -----ChaseDream 原创 39. Few substance on Earth equal the beauty of gemstones such as twinkling diamonds, green emeralds, red rubies, blue sapphires, and multicolored opals. 答案 :A. substance: substances 解析 : 后面动词 equal 的复数形式表明前面必须是复数参考译文 : 地球上少数物质能和宝石比美, 例如闪闪发光的钻石, 绿色祖母绿, 湛红红宝石, 蓝色蓝宝石, 和色彩缤纷的欧泊石 注 : 祖母绿, 红宝石, 蓝宝石都有各种颜色的 40. For the purposes of the fine and decorative arts, metals have been used either in their simple state and in uncomplicated alloys. 答案 :D. and: or 解析 :either. or 固定句型. 大家看到 either 必确认一下后面的搭配问题参考译文 : 金属在精细艺术装饰的使用中, 有时候使用纯金属, 有时候使用简单合金 反馈请访问 ChaseDream 论坛 TOEFL 专区 : /list.asp?boardid=2-32 -