11 a. There is the man in the room. b. There are some people in the room. b. There are these people in the room. White the all most ev

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1 10 * 冠词缺失与中介语句法损伤研究常辉赵勇本研究在最简方案理论框架内, 通过分析中国学习者英语语料库中的书面语料, 探讨二语中的冠词缺失和中介语句法损伤之间的关系结果显示, 中国英语学习者虽然省略使用了一定数量的英语冠词, 但其英语中的功能语类 D 能够得以体现, 几乎没有出现冠词替代错误, 也没有违反 there be 存现句的限定性限制表明中国英语学习者具有区分限定性与非限定性的句法知识, 已经设定了英语的限定性特征值, 中介语句法系统没有损伤冠词缺失 ; 句法损伤 ; 功能语类 ; 特征 ; 限定性 1. the a n Samoan le se functional category Chierchia 1998 Nominal Mapping Parameter T ense -s -ed VP determiner phrase DP the a n 2. definiteness restriction Milsark 1977 defi- Ionin Ko & Wexler 2004 Article Choice Parameter niteness effect DE there be definiteness setting 1 specificity setting 1 a. There is a man in the room. * 本研究受到北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心第五批中国外语教育基金资助 ( 编号为 : ZGWYJYJJ2010A20, 项目名称 : 中国学生的英语冠词学习与教学研究 ) ; 同时得到上海交通大学重点学科培育项目外国语言文学 ( 编号为 : TS ) 的资助感谢匿名专家和编辑部的宝贵修改意见

2 11 a*. There is the man in the room. b. There are some people in the room. b*. There are these people in the room. White the all most every each a some many few several 3. CLEC ± definite 研究假设 there be there be 2 ± definite Robertson % there be 21. 9% 4. 2 语料收集 remapping principle Lardiere there be Patty 16% there is something wrong where there is no 24. 5% water there is no life there be Getting to Know the World White outside the Campus 22 Global 3% 38% Shortage of Fresh Water there be 10% 2% 88% 4. 3 语料分析 50% Davies & Kaplan 85 1 in a sense a number of a piece of on the other hand make a progress try the best ± definite Getting to Know the World outside the 1 由于本研究旨在考察冠词缺失和中介语句法损伤问题, 冠词过度使用错误在本研究中不予考虑

3 12 Campus world campus 1 the 4. 4 结果 % % % % % % % % % χ 2 = p = χ 2 =. 008 p =. 930 F = p =. 000 Post - Hoc p χ 2 =. 151 p = % % 0 0% % % 0 0% % % % % % % % % 0 0% % % % χ 2 = p =. 149 χ 2 = p =. 185 χ 2 =. χ 2 =. 000 p =. 988 χ 2 =. 169 p =. 681 χ 2 =. 216 p = χ 2 =. 020 p =. 888 χ 2 = p =. 169 χ 2 = p =. 184 there be there be χ 2 =. 154 p =. 694 χ 2 = p =. 651 χ 2 =. 012 p = 019 p =. 890 there be 1 这里不包括 there be 存现句,there be 存现句中的限定词 ( 包括冠词 ) 使用在下面专门讨论

4 13 3. There be some many several % 0 0% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 0 0% % % % % % % % there be get to know the world outside the campus. d. There are all kinds of activities which there be is suitable with you. e. There are also all kinds of pollution. 2. 5% there f. Because they consider that there is all be there be kinds of fresh water in the world. 25% vs 15. 1% 2 there be there be 92. 3% 94% 98% p =. 120 p =. 551 world 1 earth globe 2 a. There are all sorts of people. b. There are the basic before we leave school. c. There are all kinds of ways in which we 2b the all kinds sorts there be 92. 3% 98% there are 100% 4 2 all kinds sorts of Google " there are all kinds of" " there be there are all sorts of" p =. 187 there be 1 4. problem the this our 4 the this our world earth globe problem there be D 2 Lardiere 作文 Getting to Know the World outside the Campus 中 world 前的定冠词 the 依然不计算 2 其中有一个句子是 we may have a beautiful world with plenty of fresh water. 3 其中有一个句子是 We have only one earth. 4 其中一个用了强限定词 first,the global shortage of fresh water becomes our first problem; 另一个没有使用强限定词, 但用了 such,what can we do to deal with such problem?

5 White 讨论 D D this that the D D there be 85 there are many 53 there be 26. 2% there is a % there be there is a there are many there is /are the D there be D there be there is a a there are many Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis Prévost & there be + White 2000 there is a there D be there be D 15. 1% 13. 4% Robertson 2000 Lardiere White 2008 earth earth 85 Prosodic Transfer Hypothesis Goad & 43 earth 8 White 构尽管表达的意义不同, 如 I adopted the ( a) cat, 但除 there be 存现句以外,the 和 a 可以用于许多相似的语言结

6 15 definite 3 clitic Lardiere Hawkins 2005 Distributed Morphology Halle & Marantz 1993 Harley & 5. Noyer D there be terminal node vocabulary items Robertson 2000 Lardiere White 2008 Ionin Ko & Wexler 2004 Trenkic 2007 subset principle 3 Chierchia G Reference to kinds across language. 3 a an - definite + singular the + definite Natural Language Semantics 6. pp Davies W. D. & T. I. Kaplan Native speaker vs. L2 learner grammaticality judgments. Applied Linguistics a n - definite pp singular the + Goad H. & L. White Ultimate attainment in inter- 1 英语的冠词能够独立成词, 是自由语素, 但又不能独立使用, 必须和名词短语一起使用, 又是黏着词, 因而被称为自由黏着词汉语没有冠词, 也不存在与英语冠词相同的音律结构 2 有语义内容, 在逻辑式 ( Logical Form,LF) 层面能得到解释的特征就是可解释特征

7 16 language grammars a prosodic approach. Second Language Research 22. pp Goad H. & L. White Prosodic structure and the representation of L2 functional morphology a nativist approach. Lingua 118. pp Halle M. & A. Marantz Distributed Morphology and the Pieces of Inflection. In S. J. Keyser & K. Hale eds.. The View from Building 20. Cambridge MIT Press pp Harley H. & R. Noyer Distributed Morphology. Glot International 4. pp3-9. Hawkins R. S. Al - Eid I. Almahboob et al Non-target-like article use in L2 English -implications for current UG-based theories of SLA. Paper presented at EUROSLA 15. Ionin T. H. Ko & K. Wexler Article semantics in L2 acquisition the role of specificity. Language Acquisition 12. pp3-69. Lardiere D Knowledge of definiteness despite variable article omission. In A. Brugos L. Micciulla & C. E. Smith eds.. BUCLD 28 Proceedings. Somerville MA Cascadilla Press pp Lardiere D On morphological competence. In L. Dekydspotter R. A. Sprouse & A. Liljestrand eds.. Proceedings of the 7th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference GASLA Somerville MA Cascadilla Proceedings Project pp Milsark G Toward an explanation of certain peculiarities of the existential construction in English. Linguistic Analysis 3. pp1-29. Prévost P. & L. White Missing surface inflection or impairment in second language acquisition Evidence from tense and agreement. Second Language Research 16. pp Robertson D Variability in the use of the English article system by Chinese learners of English. Second Language Research 16. pp Trenkic D Variability in second language article production beyond the representational deficit vs. processing constraints debate. Second Language Research 23. pp White L Different Yes. Fundamentally No. Definiteness effects in the L2 English of Mandarin speakers. In R. Slabakova et al. eds.. Proceedings of the 9th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference GASLA Somerville MA Cascadilla Proceedings Project pp There be ( 文字编校 : 徐江 )

2015 年第 2 期相继开展和对冠词习得认识的加深, 有必要对当前的冠词研究现状进行回顾和总结, 以便在发现问题的基础上, 揭示未来研究的方向沿袭国外的研究范式, 本文将

2015 年第 2 期相继开展和对冠词习得认识的加深, 有必要对当前的冠词研究现状进行回顾和总结, 以便在发现问题的基础上, 揭示未来研究的方向沿袭国外的研究范式, 本文将第 1 卷第 2 期 Second Language Learning Research Vol. 1 No. 2 母语迁移和普遍语法可及性视角下的二语冠词习得研究述评上海理工大学刘秋芬摘要 : 本文回顾和评析了过去 40 年间二语冠词习得的研究文章在分析冠词习得研究