銅山地區山毛櫸林黑熊及其他野生動物生態之調查

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1 行林列丹 (1/2) A Study on Wildlife Resource at Danda Important Wildlife Area1/2 行林蓮林理行立立理年

2 丹錄參論參錄錄林錄錄蓮丹錄錄蓮丹類錄錄蓮丹兩類錄錄蓮丹類錄錄年度錄錄蓮丹 I

3 林錄錄復林錄蓮丹蓮丹林蓮丹林錄錄獵丹丹聯路林林路路丹林路復林路林度度度度蓮丹度 II

4 年年路不林復林行丹來理陸類類類兩類類臨鹿錄錄猪林鹿錄林錄林錄錄類類類林臨錄林錄度羽兩類類度類類 1 路錄獵林復林獵猪獵獵獵利 III

5 Abstract From April 2004 to March 2005, Wanrong Forest Road (WFR), Wanda-Tongmen Area (WTA), Rainbow Lake (RL), and Guanfu Forest Road (GFR) were surveyed regularly or irregularly depend on road condition to provide information on wildlife resources for future management of Danda Important Wildlife Area. The result showed that 22 mammal species (5 orders,12 families), 72 bird species (8 orders, 28 families and subfamilies), 5 reptile species (2 orders, 4 families), and 5 frog species (1 order, 3 families) were recorded. In terms of mammal species, 10 conserved species were found including 3 endangered species such as Formosan black bear (Ursus thibetanus formosansus), 7 rare species such as Formosan sambar (Cervus unicolor swinhoei). Two ways (direct and indirect) were used to identify mammal species. Signs as indirect way were recorded more frequently than those of direct way as sound and sight. Among different signs, dropping and foot print were most frequently recorded. Droppings from Formosan macaque (Macaca cyclopis) and Formosan wild boar (Sus scrofa taivanus) were most frequently seen especially over stone-step trail between road and abandoned railway in WFR. Foot print of Formosan sambar and muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi micrurus) were also frequently seen especially over trails from RL. Nine species were sighted including macaque which was seen most frequently in WFR. Sounds from 6 species were detected including muntjac which was heard most frequently in WTA. The result from infrared camera sensing showed that in WFR 86.38% from 326 effective animals were mammals from 12 different species and the most frequently recorded species was Formosan macaque (83 photos); in WTA 95.88% from 194 effective animals were mammals from 10 diffenrent species and the most frequently recorded species was muntjac. In terms of bird species, 33 conserved species were found including 5 endangered species such as Indian black eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis), 11 rare species such as crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela), and 17 other conserved species. Among those species 55 were recorded in WTA and 50 in WFR. Steere s liocichla (Liocichla steerii), gray-cheeked Fulvetta (Alcippe morrisonia), Formosan yuhina (Yuhina brunneiceps), red-headed tit (Aegithalos concinnus) and green backed tit (Parus monticolus) were the most frequently recorded species. In terms of amphibian species, Moltreche s green tree frog (Rhacophorus moltrechti) was the only conserved species found; while the Bankoro toad (Bufo bankorensis) was the most frequently observed species. In terms of reptilian species, Taiwan mountain pitviper (Trimeresurus gracilis) was the only conserved species found. From field observation and interview with aborigines, hunting activities were documented all the time during study period in WFR, WTA, and GFR. Muntjac, Formosan serow (Naemorhedus swinhoei), Formosan wild boar, white-faced flying squirrel (Petaurista lena), large red flying squirrel (Petaurista philippensis) and Formosan macaque were the most frequently hunted species and commercial trade of these species were still existed. IV

6 行年立丹北魯里蓮廊林理丹不錄呂了類兩類類獵獵力行料蓮蓮林理理林林林林林林林林良料立蓮丹獵獵了理行利理料來行理 1

7 丹 2

8 林林蓮復聯路林復林林行都兩林輪車車里路數里行路年不路行力行林林里林度落丹林里六林丹林林理度臨蓮北林蓮省路龍行林蓮念領列行林便兩年行年度行林行行度易不年便林林 3

9 2. 丹聯路 4

10 林林行行路丹林行復林林行林里來若了遼不行落行了利行來理陸類類年年陸了林路林里林林路立兩不不林行復林林林行行來行度不不行錄路行錄類洞類錄數量類錄見洞識類數量不留錄若兩 5

11 林林路路 6

12 丹林路復林路 7

13 不數類不行識類行錄若類兩類若錄卵類識林里林不度錄行林不度落不度林林領路錄行更度値行度了兩不不路値了路來理落獵行了林不 8

14 林 9

15 獵錄獵獵獵留獵寮獵獵行獵獵類獵量獵獵度了落獵利度來落獵獵度數量料行了來理參 10

16 參年年落錄類錄兩類錄類錄錄林錄猪錄例錄鹿數不錄林兩兩錄見立行車行林數見車離猪鹿路兩度錄寮錄錄獵錄林獵寮拾獵留拾兩見錄錄路裸露路泥易留鹿錄錄 11

17 林錄洞鹿猪猪猪洞錄了留類錄數年不便數數錄錄力錄猪兩錄不錄纹林猪錄錄錄猪林識 12

18 錄鹿猪纹獵識復林論車車行行寮行丹蓮不錄鹿猪見林林行路論車車行林泥路路若丹林行離復林錄猪猪鹿獵寮串列 13

19 錄籠林籠籠復林籠率林寮林寮林年更數連若異不立錄類數類識類列 4. 蓮丹數數數數數數林鹿鹿數量不六都錄猪錄識類類 14

20 蓮丹林數數數數鹿猪類金纹類識類識類識數數數猪林 15

21 蓮丹林林度數數數數數數數鹿猪金纹鹿林料識數度値 16

22 度度兩林度度値數量易年年料更錄類類藍識年 / 04/ 10 04/ 11 04/ 12 05/ 01 數數數猪 a 藍 () b 識類識數

23 OI 車行林林度 (m) < >2100 數數數數數數數猪藍都度猪易不老錄行路不料車車行林行林林林數度値數 18

24 猪藍路數値來不度度度異兩料兩凌狀兩數數不料兩凌率 19

25 度度度度 20

26 度度度度 21

27 度蓮丹度獵獵獵猪鹿獵獵錄類流見不獵不論獵數林行錄林稜林獵年錄年錄料兩 2004 年 2 獵林里臨見離林洞 2004 年 8 更料 22

28 類錄錄類類類林藍林臨類領綠栗林金羽錄狀林錄類錄綠林林林錄度度金羽錄路錄錄錄栗林鱗路錄類林綠林領藍綠度羽錄兩度羽列復林見錄金藍錄林林藍錄 23

29 錄林林 - 林林藍綠林 1 領綠林栗林藍

30 錄纹金羽綠 3 鱗茶鳾數

31 兩類兩類錄錄類類數量數量見類錄錄麗龍類丹鱗類兩林都獵獵錄獵留留獵寮串錄獵留林復林路復林獵獵寮車林路獵留車林獵兩數量獵獵行數獵行獵獵落利獵林里數不獵里林稜獵獵獵若獵獵殺獵兩年獵獵不獵獵林獵年歷來獵來不獵行獵行林獵獵了來獵獵數獵獵獵都獵 26

32 錄獵林林復林 - 林獵獵寮車獵獵不獵獵理獵獵獵行了獵獵來更不獵更落來了林年見林行里度度了獵年度獵獵了獵路獵不復林行獵獵獵猪獵利獵鹿類獵羽年鹿見量林年獵錄獵獵鹿兩年林路路行 27

33 復林年年錄獵獵鹿量類路了鹿了獵益不行獵都切論北兩利來宅便冷獵猪猪行理猪不兩鹿了鹿鹿鹿獵飼猪見利例量落來說獵益獵不獵獵獵行獵類利 * 鹿 ** 猪 - 猪 / * 利 ** 鹿鹿數量 28

34 論蓮丹落錄丹歷年累錄錄兩錄錄鱗葉異年度行異度落丹度度類鹿錄兩異若蘭李劉利林呂留里呂呂呂錄歷年見兩林來來料綠蓮蘭錄綠蓮零見葉葉葉不異葉省 29

35 洞不類不行林里林年錄年錄量不年來錄値行了里來獵獵不來林行里若丹林林行兩類年林類類類列離丹離了蓮丹類類錄丹歷年累兩度錄錄類錄綠類勞琉錄類蘭李劉利林呂里 30

36 呂錄類蓮丹兩類錄類丹歷年累兩類類陸類類累料數量不理參度不路料葉林度濫錄利行行異不理異林不異類度類兩拉丹蓮丹不 31

37 丹兩異亮量了數獵蓮獵猪丹鹿猪鹿獵蓮獵兩獵兩數量異丹鹿數量獵獵鹿獵鹿鹿蓮鹿數量獵利獵鹿蓮丹獵丹不鹿不猪獵獵獵行丹獵異獵獵獵率丹獵獵獵兩獵年獵獵魯獵丹獵異獵獵獵獵獵不獵獵數林落若獵行了來力六遼嶺林行來易路臨不路 32

38 車料蓮林車便不例行料若林力不行更料來若行不力力行料料遼不易若行更更料林不度更林了量行林不度獵獵復林復狀來若林獵路行獵力利來理臨 33

39 陸參 McCullough, D. R., K. C. J. Pei, and Y, Wang Home range, activity patterns, and habitat relations of Reeve s munjacs in Taiwan. J. Wildl. Manag. 64: 丹年行林列林行林列丹年行林列留省林林列丹行林列丹行林列李林隆劉蘭行林列呂李祥梁利林行林列呂隆隆林 1989a 類呂隆省林林列呂里省林列呂福辰丹年省林列蓮 1993 省林林理 46 吴吴度理 34

40 鹿理良見鹿林良類六利錄林臨劉陸年理留行林列留行林列留行林列 35

41 錄林林葉林林陵切葉林林切葉葉林葉林數葉柳林林葉林寮葉林不葉林葉林領數林切葉葉林林稜葉林切葉林切林 36

42 錄林林林路切兩林歩林切林路切林切林獵切類林歩切路行兩林歩不切離路林路路切 37

43 錄蓮丹錄 Apodemu s semotus Niviventer culturatus Eothenomys melanogaster Callosciurus erythraeus D remomys pernyi owstoni Tamiops maritimus formosanus Belomy s pearsoni kaleensis Petaurista philippensis Petaurista lena Pteropus dasymallus formosus 靈 M acara cyclopis Ursus thibetanus formosanus Neofelis nebulosa brachyurus Herpestes urva M ustela sibirica davidi ana Martes flavigula chrysospila Melogale moschata subaurantiaca 靈 Pagum a larvata taivana Naemorhedus swinhoei 鹿鹿 Cervus unicolor swinhoei Muntiacus reevesi micrurus 猪猪 Sus scrofa taivanus 錄臨 38

44 錄蓮丹類錄類林 Ictinaetus malayensis 留 Spilornis cheela 留 Accipiter tricirgatus 留 Arborophila crudigularis 留 Bambusicola thoracica 留藍 Lophura swinhoii 留 Syrmaticus mikado 留綠 Treron sieboldii 留 Cuculus saturatus Cuculus sparverioides Ketupa flavipes 留林 Strix leptogrammica 留領 Otus bakkamoena 留 Otus spilocephalu s 留 Glaucidium brodiei 留 Megalaima oorti 留 Picoides leucotos 留綠 Picus canus 留 Picoides canicapillus 留 Apus affinis 留 Delichon urbica 留 Pericrocotus solaris 留 Motacilla alba 留 Motacilla cinerea 留 Hypsipetes madagascariensis 留 Cinclus pallasii 留 Troglodytes troglodytes 留 Prunella collaris 留 Brachypteryx montana 留林 Erithacus indicus 留栗林 Tarsiger johnstoniae 留藍 Tarsiger cyanurus Phoenicurus fuliginosus 留 Enicurus scouleri 留 Cinclidium leucurum 留 Myiophoneus insularis 留 Turdus dauma 留 39

45 錄蓮丹錄 Pomatorhinus erythrogenyss 留 Pomatorhinus ruficollis 留 Heterophasia auricularis 留 Actinodura morrisoniana 留 Garrulax albogularis 留 Garrulax poecilorhynchus 留金 Garrulax morrisonianus 留 Liocichla steerii 留 Alcippe brunnea 留 Alcippe cinereiceps 留 Alcippe morrisonia 留羽 Yuhina brunneiceps 留鱗 Pnoepyga pusilla 留 Stachyris ruficeps 留 Cettia acanthizoides 留 Abroscopus albogularis 留 Regulus goodfellowi 留 Bradypterus seebohmi 留 Prinia subflava 留 Muscicapa ferruginea 留 Paradoxornis webbianus 留 Aegithalos concinnus 留鳾茶鳾 Sitta europaea 留 Parus monticolus 留 Parus holsti 留 Parus ater 留 Dicaeum ignipectus 留 Carpodacus uinaceus 留 Pyrrhula nipalensis 留 Lonchura striata 留 Dicrurus aeneus 留 Garrulus glandarius 留 Dendrocitta formosae Corvus macrorhynchos 留 Nucifraga caryocatactes 留臨 II 40

46 錄蓮丹兩類錄類 Bufo bankorensis Rhacophorus moltrechti II Chirixalus eiffingeri Rana swinhoana II Rana sauteri 錄蓮丹類錄類龍麗龍 Eumeces ele gans Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Ophisaurus ha rti 丹鱗 Pseudoxendon stejnegeri stejnegeri Trimeresurus gracilis II II 41

47 錄年度錄行參年路寮林林林識林復林車林林林樂料林林林林料林落林龍林林料落路利落査復林料林料蓮林林蓮林林料落料 42

48 錄年度錄參林林料料年料林復林料蓮林領路料 43

49 錄蓮丹林寮里林林林 44

50 錄蓮丹林見林冷林鹿 45

51 錄蓮丹林猪丹鱗寮狼獵 46

52 錄蓮丹鹿猪 47