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1 * % 48. 0% 46. 4% 35. 1% % % Consumer Finance Samuelson 1969 Merton 1971 Tufano 2009 * com chunyuedu@ yahoo. cn % % % % 30

2 % 1 1 Modigliani & Brumberg 1954 Ando & Modigliani 1963 Samuelson 1969 Merton Hall 1978 Modigliani & Brumberg 1980 Gourinchas & Parker 2002 Samuelson & Merton Gourinchas & Parker Gourinchas & Parker MaxE T t = 0 β t u C t + β T +1 v W T +1 W T +1 = ( W t + Y t - C ) R - B t R b t ( = T) W T +1 0 t u C t β v W T + 1 W t Y t R B t R b Tracy et al Serrano & Hoesli http / / www. pbc. gov. cn / publish / html /2011s03a. htm 31

3 2009 Cho Monte-Carlo & Bootstrap Ynesta 2008 OECD % Campbell 2006 Shum & Faig 2006 Calvet et al Bertola et al Coulibaly & Li 2006 Benjamin & Chinloy Becker & Shabani SCF U Gormley et al Samuelson Merton and Tufano 32

4 Ⅰ - a CONSUMPTION i = C i + β 1 DEBT i + μ i Ⅰ - a CONSUMPTION DEBT C μ 1 Ⅰ - b Ⅰ - a EASTCONS i = C i + β 1 EASTDEBT i + μ i Ⅰ - b EASTCONS EASTDEBT C μ % Campbell 2006 Shum & Faig

5 I % Ⅱ Ⅲ CONS i = C i + β 1 DEP i + β 2 MOR i + β 3 INV i + β 4 INS i + μ i Ⅱ CONS i = C i + β 1 DEP i + β 2 MOR i + β 3 INV i + β 4 INS i + β 5 CAR i + β 6 EDU i + β 7 SI i + μ i Ⅲ CONS DEP MOR INV INS CAR EDU SI C β μ i Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅹ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅹ CSW Cross Section Weights Eviews Ⅰ

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11 Ⅲ IV V VII Ⅲ X 40

12 Ando A. and F. Modigliani 1963 The Life Cycle Hypothesis of Saving Aggregate Implications and Tests American Economic Review Beck N. and J. N. Katz 1995 WhatTo Do and Not To Do with Time-Series-Cross-Section Data in Comparative Politics American Political Science Review Vol Becker T. A. and R. Shabani 2010 Outstanding Debt and the Household Portfolio Review of Financial Studies Vol. 23 Issue Benjamin J. D. and P. Chinloy 2008 Home Equity Household Savings and Consumption Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics Bertola G. R. Disney and C. Grant 2006 The Economics of Consumer Credit MIT Press. Calvet L. E. J. Y. Campbell and P. Sodini 2009 Fight or Flight Portfolio Rebalancing by Individual Investors Quarterly Journal of Economics Feb. Campbell J. Y Household Finance Journal of Finance Cho S. W Household Wealth Accumulation and Portfolio Choices in Korea Journal of Housing Economics Mar Vol. 19 Issue Coulibaly B. and G. Li 2006 Do Homeowners Increase Consumption after the Last Mortgage Payment An Alternative Test of the Permanent Income Hypothesis Review of Economics and Statistics Faig M. and P. Shum 2002 Portfolio Choice in the Presence of Personal Illiquid Projects Journal of Finance Feb. Vol. 57 No. 1. Gormley T. H. Liu and G. Zhou 2010 Limited Participation and Consumption-Saving Puzzles A Simple Explanation and the Role 41

13 of Insurance Journal of Financial Economics Gourinchas P. and J. A. Parker 2002 Consumption over the Life Cycle Econometrica Hall R. E Stochastic Implication of the Life Cycle Permanent Income Hypothesis Theory and Evidence Journal of Political Economy Merton R. C Lifetime Portfolio Selection under Uncertainty The Continuous-Time case Review of Economics and Statistics Merton R. C Optimum Consumption and Portfolio Rules in a Continuous-Time Model Journal of Economic Theory Modigliani F. and R. Brumberg 1954 Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function An Interpretation of Cross-section Data Rutgers University Press. Modigliani F. and R. Brumberg 1980 Utility Analysis and Aggregate Consumption Functions An Attempt at Integration MIT Press. Samuelson P. A Lifetime Portfolio Selection by Dynamic Stochastic Programming Review of Economics Statistics Serrano C. and M. Hoesli 2010 Housing and Its Role in the Household Portfolio in Colombia Swiss Finance Institute Working Paper http / / ssrn. com / abstract = Shum P. and M. Faig 2006 What Explains Household Stock Holdings Journal of Banking and Finance Sep. Vol. 30 Issue 9. Tufano P Consumer Finance Journal of Economic Literature Tracy J. H. Schneider and S. Chan 1999 Are Stocks Overtaking Real Estate in Household Portfolios Current Issues in Economics and Finance Apr. Vol. 5 No. 5. Ynesta I Households Wealth Composition Across OECD Countries and Financial Risks Borne by Households Working Paper Regional Difference of the Impact of Urban Households Consumer Finance Han Liyan and Du Chunyue School of Economics and Management Beihang University Abstract The importance of consumer finance increases with promoting domestic demand to boost the economic development nevertheless regional difference of consumer finance emerges with the unbalanced economic development. This paper aims to research the influence on consumption by consumption upgrading inadequate social security and unbalanced regional development using the panel data of urban households borrowing and lending expenditure and combining the economic transformation characters. It is concluded that the regional difference is widespread in quality and quantity. The positive relationship of consumption with consumption upgrading social security and deposit exists nationally. Mortgage and education significantly influence consumption in Midwest region while insurance in the East. Government should grasp the opportunity of consumption upgrading and social security improving and continue to enhance the education input introduce talents increase development efforts in Midwest to improve the local residents population quality income and savings in addition to relax the borrowing restrictions. Key Words Household Asset Portfolio Consumer Finance Regional Difference Consumption Upgrading Social Security JEL Classification D12 D91 E21 R11 42

DID 13. 0% 20. 2% 12. 6% 30 1 Leland 1968 Zeldes 1989 Zeldes 1989 Carroll Skinner 1987 Zhang & Wan

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