H&L BeiXX v4 1006

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "H&L BeiXX v4 1006"

代禄
7 years ago
Views:

1 新兴非典型被动式被 XX 的句法与语义结构 (The syntax and semantics of the new non-canonical bei ( 被 ) XX construction. The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Published Version Accessed Citable Link Terms of Use Huang, C.-T., and Na Liu 新兴非典型被动式被 XX 的句法与语义结构. Linguistics Sciences 13 (3), December 26, :23:46 AM EST This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at (Article begins on next page)

2 XX XX XX XX XX XX 1 (1) 67 XX XX (Huang 2011) (Liu 2012)

3 , % 67% 6-8 (2)?, 80%. ( ) (3), ( ) (4) RFI ) (5) 67% 67% ( ) (6) ( , ) (7) ( ) (8)! (,, ) (9) (10) 2 (9)

4 (10) XX 2013 XX XX XX (11) XX XX XX XX 3 XX (a) (b) (c) (d) - (a) XX XX XX (b) (c) (d) (lexical decomposition) (distributed morphology) XX 3 Huang, Li & Li (2009 HLL) Feng (1997), Ting (1998) Huang (1999)

5 XX XX XX (elementary semantics) CAUSE DO (causative) (executive) 2.1. (Proto Agent Dowty 1991) 4 5 (12) a. b. (13) a. b. c a 13b 13c (physical causation), (mental causation) Q [i] [ii]

6 13a putative verbs XX ( ) Mei 1989, 2012 *s- *s 1 - *s 2 - (14) VP1 V CAUSE VP2 DP V *s V CAUSE *s 1-6 XX XX 7 ( <...> ) 6 [i] [ii] [iii]... (block) synthetic blocking (Embick 2007 ) 7 HLL (2009) (15) V1 DP1 V3 DP3 HLL DP3 vp2 DP1 Liu (2012) Huang (2013a) DP3 DP1

7 (15) VP1 DP1 i V V1 0 vp2 (DP2) v 2 ( ) v2 0 VP3 DP3 i V 3 < > V3 0 XX LV < > break, open, shorten, lengthen volunteer, step down (16) a. I volunteered John to help them. b. John was volunteered for parachute training by friends. c. We decided to step down the director. d. The chairman was stepped down by us. XX XX X Y Y-X à, à 2005 h o h o h o (17) LV < > LV < > AP belittle, slight, befriend Belittle him, slight him befriend X X ( ) Facebook friend

8 friend friend friend friend friend friend accomplishment verb XX (18) DP ( ) DP < > LV < > 15 LV (semantic spectrum) (exaptation, Peyraube 2007) (path of grammaticalization, Chappell & Peyraube 2011 ) 8 XX Wanner (2009: 136), happen, disappear (19) a. It didn t happen to me, it was happened upon me! (from Helen Fielding, Bridget Jone s Diary). b. Thirty thousand people a whole generation were disappeared in seven years of military rule (from an online article on a human rights website). was happened ( ) were disappeared ( ) was made to happen, were made to disappear Vicktor Klemerer ( ) ( Wanner 2009:138): (20) Eine Frau... kommt... ins Konzentrationslager, wo sie gestorben wird. one woman comes... into concentration-camp where she died becomes A woman comes into the Concentration Camp, where she is died. 8 where

9 CAUSE XX (21) (22) (23) ( ) (24) (23-24) X

10 DO, (1989, 2012) *s 2-9 accomplishment verbs activity verb ( call facetime facetime (23)-(24) (25), ;, *s 2 - (26) (27) DO DO = fish, telephone, text, joke ( )... DO Hale & Keyser 1993 food > feed (e.g. on bread) *s 2 - Chomskyadjoin ( ) 10 DO (28) a. You should not try to mother your husband. b. He is trying to fool me. Mother +DO Fool DO 9 denominative 10 (Chomsky-adjoin, Chomsky-adjunction) XP YP YP XP +YP à [ YP XP [ YP YP]] Ross (1967) (daughter-adjunction) (sister-adjunction)

11 (29) To hammer the nail, to nail the door, to saddle the horse, to shelve the book, to shoulder the burden, etc. (30)... (31) John got Dick Cheny-ed last week. (32) She got Lewinsky-ed again DO 32 Bill Clinton 1998 (33) (They just got Obama-ed again.) (34) Jackendoff (Bill got Jackendoff-ed twice again.) 34 Jackendoff DO X XX XX

12 (23-24) call (35) LV < > Jackendoff XX 11 CAUSE DO XX XX : (36) * * *. (37) * * *. (38) * * * Jackendoff... XX XX XX 11 XX 2013 (i) (ii) (iii) (i) XX LV < >

13 (39) XX XX 3. XX 39 XX XX XX XX 6 40 XX 41 (40) DP2 < > DP3 < > (41) DP1 < > LV < > DP2 <?> DP3 <?> XX ( ) * XX XX (analyticity) (synthesis) XX (42) a. b. c. * (43) a. b. c. *

14 (44) a b c * (42) (42b) ( 2007): (45) vp DP1 v v VP DP2 V V DP3 (46) peel, skin (46) John peeled the orange, skinned the cat, etc. peel, skin the orange 42c 42a 45 = 42b 42 (43)-(44) DO peel, skin (47) [ LV <DO> [ [ N peel]] à [ [ V peel] ]

15 DO = *s (48) a. b. c. (49) a. * b. * c. * XX (50) a. * b. * LV < > (51) a. * b. * LV < > (52) a. * b. * LV < > XX XX LV XX LV < > LV < > LV < > clitic 12 (pseudo incorporation, Massam 2001 Baker 2011 ) 13 (2007) v

16 14 L A L B C L A C L B L A L B Talmy Givon (1971) L A L B, Strong or Weak (procrastinate) Emonds (1978) Pollock (1989) Chomsky (1995) T 0 [+strong], T 0 [-strong] T 0 V-to-T 0 (Logical Form, LF) Lasnik (1995) T 0 T 0 (Phonetic Form, PF) (Affix Hopping) Chomsky (1999) T 0 (Move) C- (Agree) PF LF Move (53) (Derivational Timing Parameter, DTP) LF PF 14 micro-parametric theory macro-parametric theory) Baker (2008), Roberts & Holmberg (2010), Huang (2013b), Kayne (2013)

17 (Move) (Agree) Huang (1982) (wh-movement) C [+Q] wh- Agree (whin-situ) LF Cheng & Sybesma (2005) (54) a. * b. c. * * Huang (2013b) 15 (55) a. b. PF c. XX LV LV (56) a. LV XX (Move) b. LV XX (Agree) PF Huang 2013b Simpson (2005), (2006) - (probe-goal system) LV XX [+ ] XX [+ ] LV XX XX

18 56a XX 17 (57) vp DP v The doctor v VP DP2 V John LV <DO> XP Dick Cheny The doctor Dick-Cheny-ed John. XX LV v - - (58) vp DP1 v v VP DP2 V LV < > < > < > XP Agree * Baker (2011) LF 17 v V DP2 v

19 DP2 DP2 (57) v 18 (59)? (60)?* (61) XX V+X V PF LF (cycle) XX (2005, 2008) XX [LV+XX] 18 (59-61) (2010) Huang (2013a), geben (2008) BECOME,, (59)-(61) XX (Case Filter) LF PF

20 Feng (2013) < > XX LV XX [LV+XX] XX XX 22 XX XX XX XX SVO (Thompson 1973, Hopper & Thompson 1980) XX (2013)

21 [LV+XX] SVO XX 23 (distributed morphology) ( Halle & Marantz 1993 Harley 2005 ) XX XX XX XX XX XX 2006 (5): (4): (1): (cycle) Jesperson s Cycle Roberts & Holmberg (2010), Gelderen (2011)

22 : : X 21 IACL (4) (3): , (3): XX, 19 IACL-19 Baker, Mark The macroparameter in a microparametric world. In The limits of syntactic variation, ed. by T. Biberauer, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Baker, Mark On the syntax of surface adjacency: the case of pseudo noun incorporation. Paper presented at Workshop on syntax-semantics interfaces. Academia Sinica, Taipei. Chappell, Hilary [ ]and Alain Peyraube [ ] Grammaticalization in Sinitic languages. In The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization, ed. by Heiko Narrog & Berne Heine, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. Cheng, Lisa L.-S. [ ], and Rint Sybesma [ ] Classifiers in four varieties of Chinese. In The Oxford handbook of comparative syntax, ed. by Guglielmo Cinque and Richard Kayne, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chomsky, Noam The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Chomsky, Noam Minimalist inquiries: the framework. In Step by step: Essays on minimalist syntax in Honor of Howard Lasnik, ed. by Roger Martin, David Michaels, and Juan Uriagereka, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Dowty, David Thematic proto-roles and argument selection. Language 67: Embick, David Blocking effects and analytic/synthetic alternations. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 25:1-37. Emonds, Joseph The verbal complex V -V in French. Linguistic Inquiry 9 (2): Feng, Shengli [ ] The passive construction in Chinese. Studies in Chinese Linguistics 1: 1-28.

23 Feng, Shengli [ ] Light verb Syntax between English and Classical Chinese. Paper presented at the 8 th International Workshop on Theoretical East Asian Linguistics (TEAL-8), National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu. To appear in Chinese syntax in a cross-linguistic perspective, ed. by H.-Y. Audrey Li, Andrew Simpson & W.-T. Dylan Tsai, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. Gelderen, Elly van The Linguistic Cycle: Language Change and the Language Faculty. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. Givón, Talmy Historical syntax and synchronic morphology: an archaeologist's field trip. Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society 7: Hale, Ken and Samuel J. Keyser On argument structure and the lexical expression of syntactic relations. In The view from building 20: Essays in honor of Sylvain Bromberger, ed. by Ken Hale & Samuel. J. Keyser, Cambridge, MA: MIT press. Halle, Morris. & Alec Marantz Distributed Morphology and the pieces of inflection. In A View from Building 20: Essays in Linguistics in Honor of Sylvain Bromberger, ed. by Samuel J. Keyser & Kenneth Hale, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Harley, Heidi How do verbs get their names? Denominal verbs, manner incorporation, and the ontology of verb roots in English. In The syntax of aspect: Deriving thematic and aspectual interpretation, ed. by Nomi Erteschik-Shir & Tova Rapoport, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. Hopper, Paul. J. and Sandra A. Thompson Transitivity in grammar and discourse. Language 56: Huang, C.-T. James [ ] Logical relations in Chinese and the theory of grammar. Doctoral Dissertation, MIT. Huang, C.-T. James [ ] Chinese passives in comparative perspective. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies 29: Huang, C.-T. James [ ] On bei xiao-kang and the putative birth of a new syntactic construction. Paper presented at the 19 th Conference of International Association of Chinese Linguistics (IACL-19), Tianjin. Huang, C.-T. James [ ]. 2013a. Variations in non-canonical passives. In Noncanonical passives, ed. by Artemis Alexiadou and Florian Schäfer, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

24 Huang, C.-T. James [ ]. 2013b. Syntactic analyticity and parametric theory. In Chinese syntax in a cross-linguistic perspective, ed. by Y.-H. Audrey Li, Andrew Simpson & W.-T. Dylan Tsai, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. [to appear] Huang, C.-T. James [ ], Y.-H. Audrey Li [ ], & Yafei Li [ ] The syntax of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kayne, Richard S Comparative syntax. Lingua 130: Lasnik, Howard Verbal morphology: Syntactic Structures meets the Minimalist Program. In Evolution and revolution in linguistic theory: Essays in honor of Carlos Otero, ed. by Héctor Campos & Paula Kempchinsky, Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. Liu, Na [ ] On the syntax, semantics and typology of non-canonical passives. Doctoral dissertation, Beijing Language and Culture University. Massam, Diane Pseudo noun incorporation in Niuean. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 19: Mei, Tsu-lin [ ] The causative and denominative functions of the *s- prefix in Old Chinese. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sinology, Taipei: Academia Sinica. Mei, Tsu-lin [ ] The causative *s- and nominalizing *-s in Old Chinese and related matters in Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Language and Linguistics 13:1-28. Peyraube, Alain [ ] Analogy, reanalysis, exaptation and degrammaticalization in Chinese syntactic change. Invited speech at the 5 th international conference of the European Association of Chinese Linguistics (EACL-5), Leipzig. Pollock, Jean-Yves Verb movement, universal grammar and the structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20: Roberts, Ian, and Anders Holmberg Introduction: parameters in minimalist theory. In Parametric variation: Null subjects in minimalist theory, ed. by T. Biberauer et al, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. Ross, John R Constraints on variables in syntax. Doctoral dissertation, MIT. Simpson, Andrew Classifiers and DP structure in Southeast Asia. In The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Syntax, ed. by Gluglielmo Cinque & Richard Kayne, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

25 Thompson, Sandra A Transitivity and some problems with the ba construction in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 1: Ting, Jen [ ] Deriving the bei-construction in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 7: Wanner, Anja Deconstructing the English passive. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Microsoft Word - 東華大學0519.doc

Microsoft Word - 東華大學0519.doc C.-T. James Huang 2014-05-19 (1) a {student, physics, long hair} 1 2 3 a. 1 2 3: a student of physics with long hair b. 3 2 1: a long-haired physics student c. 2 1 3: a physics student with long hair d.