西漢晚期以來，儒家思想對社會已有了深入的影響，當時不論士庶，普遍對孝悌之行抱有由衷的敬意。在此背景下，原本存在於大家庭的治家之法，在士人階層發生了深刻而微妙的變化。士人立身以禮、躬行實踐的結果，推動著家庭內的倫理關係趨向於嚴謹規矩。

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4 108 枬 Mine and True West and True Copernicus Nicholas space of emplacement 5 (J. R. Levenson), History and Value: The Tension of Intellectual Choice in Modern China (University of Chicago Press, 1953)

5 109 8 extend mobile Michel Foucault space of extension Michel Foucault, Text/ Contexts of other Spaces, Diacritics, 16:1 (1986),

8 Joseph Campbell rite de passage

9 Thomas More euthopia outopia 23 self-sufficient 24 Gorman Beauchamp civilization-only-less-so 22 Eric Voegelin, Science, Politics, and Gnosticism (Chicago: Gateway Edition, 1968), Thomas More, Utopia (Princeton: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1947) Utopia Ou-topos ou topos Eu-thopia eu

10 114 civilization-only-more-so Gorman Beauchamp, Utopia and Its Discontents, Midwest Quarterly, 16 (1975),

11 115 爲啓 29 Lewis Mumford utopia of reconstruction utopia of escape

12 礮礮礮 30 Lewis Mumford, The Story of Utopias (New York: The Viking Press, 1966),

17 121

19 虬

20 124 John Fryer 45 Theodore Rousseau

21 125

22 Isaac Newton Francis Bacon

25 Karl Popper utopian engineering Karl R. Popper, The Open Society and its Enemies, Vol. 1. (New York: Harper Row Publishers, 1962)

26 130 礮

28 132 H.G Wells H.G. Wells, A Modern Utopia (Lincon: University of Nebrasa, 1967), 9.

30 134 Harold Bloom Blake Milton

33 Eric Voegelin, Science, Politics, and Gnosticism (Chicago: Gateway Edition, 1968). Gorman Beauchamp, Utopia and Its Discontents, Midwest Quarterly, 16 (1975). H.G. Wells, A modern Utopia (Lincon: University of Nebrasa, 1967). Karl R. Popper, The Open Society and its Enemies, Vol. 1. (New York: Harper Row Publishers, 1962). Lewis Mumford, The Story of Utopias (New York: The Viking Press, 1966). Michel Foucault, Text/ Contexts of other Spaces, Diacritics, 16(1) (Spring). Thomas More, Utopia (Princeton: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1947).

34 138 From Wandering around the Island of Immortals to Envisioning the Perspective of Utopia: Spatial Imagination in Lu Sheng s Chi Ren Shuo Meng Ji Guan, Kean-fung Abstract In the late Qing era, the concepts of space were confronted with a changing geographical imagination that in turn affected literary expression. Focusing on Dream Talk of an Imbecile (Chiren shuo mengji), this article discusses the presentation of spatial transformation in the late Qing era under the impact of the Great Age of Discovery. First of all, it tracks the spatial imagination of the father-son relationship in the novel, thus exploring the shift from the traditional island of immortals (xianren dao) towards a modern vision of the town of suppressed immortals (zhen xian cheng). How did a new geographical vision concepts such as the five continents and the nation-state enter the novel s space and affect its narrative? The characters must discover that tianxia, which they had taken granted for their home, does not at all belong to them; searching for a route of escape, they construct a new surreal space: Utopia. The article goes on to analyze the visual representation of this surreal space: thus enter science and democracy, precedents of Mr. Democracy and Mr. Science of the May Fourth period. Yet when the utopian plan is completely laid out, it turns into its own other, to an anti-utopia: disposing its original ideal and causing a rift between the writing motive and its written result. Keywords: Lu Sheng, Utopia, island of immortals, late Qing, geography Ph.D student, Department of Chinese Literature, National Chengchi University.

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