輕質骨材混凝土施工性與品保驗證研究

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1 ...III...IV... VII... XII 論流良 [1]...7 率流六力行量料數 I

2 SOP...99 流...99 六論論參錄錄 II

3 2-1 料 [1] 不 [1] 嵐料略 [21,22] 嵐泥 [21,22] 不料 Zeta (Mv) [1] 度量 [1] 度量 [1] 流 [1,19] 流 [19] 泥爐理錄 (2001~2003) 粒料量率粒料度度率粒料度度粒料...97 III

4 1-1 流量 [1] [1] 力率 [1] 流 (1) W/C W/B 量 124 (2) 率 [1] 泥 [1] 流量量度流度度流度度流度度流度度流度度流度度流度度流度度流度度流度度流度度流度度流度度流度 IV

5 4-15 不量 =150 kg/m 3, 粒度 1.25g/cm 不量 =150 kg/m 3, 粒度 1.10g/cm 不 w/cm=0.32, 粒度 1.10g/cm 不率 (A=0.6,B=0.65,C=0.7) ( 量 =170 kg/m 3, w/cm=0.32, 粒度 1.10g/cm 3 ) 不 ACI 粒度 1.25g/cm (LWA 粒度 1.1g/cm 3 Ww=150 kg/m 3 不泥 ) ( LWA 粒度 1.1g/cm 3 w/cm=0.32 不泥量 ) 度流度 U V 流車車料流流流度 ( 不泥 ) V

6 4-37 度 ( 不泥量 ) 泥不泥量 VI

7 流行 SOP ACI 兩列流見料 SOP 參立度率異離念泥行不異路理論綠精神兩來律 VII

8 - 行 -- 立連列路見立 SOP 行 SOP ACI 兩兩度流度流龍流行量流流泌量行流度離列流見料 SOP 參 VIII

9 立度泥粒率流北度量泥量泥度流度泥量量率量度流度不度流度量泥量量泥度流度不降更量量流度泥異不量立 IX

10 參流度行行參度來行列立行立行綠念率行度泥料綠泥行省泥年泥綠列列綠料行度料省量 X

11 行勵行綠列來利泥列利律 XI

12 論第一章緒論第一節研究動機率離念泥行不異 1

13 第二節研究目的兩 - 行 -- 立連列見立 SOP 2

14 論第三節研究內容及方法行 SOP ACI 兩兩度流度流龍流行量流流行流度離列流見料 SOP 參立度 3

15 第四節研究流程 1. ACI DMDA 兩 2. 龍流行量流流行 3. 4 離 5. 列流見流 1-1 4

16 論流 5

17 第二章輕質骨材混凝土新拌性質探討第一節前言狀來不度度度劣量泌離裂念料切 2-1~ 2-8 6

18 第二節優良輕質骨材混凝土的新拌性能 [1] 易理易料易易理流 SCC 泥不粒料度裂 2. 料泌離不 3. 流易樓流不 4. 勞力勞力度 150mm 良度更量 (>170kg/m 3 ) 易泌離 5. 離 7

19 不泌離不流不不離量不 6. 易理易不量滑 8

20 第三節輕質骨材吸水率的影響率洛 [2] 10~15 烈率度流率泥率 50~70 泥降兩 24 量量 30 率量率不利更 9

21 第四節新拌混凝土凝結性質度裂不利識見行泥力都裂不易 35 kgf/cm kgf/cm 2 力 35 kgf/cm 2 力 280 kgf/cm 2 70 kgf/cm 2 度. 10

22 第五節新拌混凝土的流變性質流行易度良 1. 流參數流參數流度類 [3] 1 流力粒力力度降力度流 2 易度不離粒 3 / 料離 4 泥流數流 (Rheology) 流力率量 [5] 流類泥流 (Non-Newtonian liquid) 流力數流不 (Bingham Mode) 數 11

23 料力率數不力來 τ = το + ηγ& [4,5] 2. 流 (Bingham Liquid)[4,5] 流流數流不 (Bingham Mode) 數料力率數不料降度 ( τ ο ) 來 τ = το + ηγ& (2-1) τ = 力 (Shear Stress) τ ο = 降力度 (Yield Shear Strength) η = 數 (Viscosity Constant) γ& = 率 (Shear Rate) 量粒力 (Supspensions) 來粒力來若力流量流降力度 τ ο τ 流行來 ο η 料不流 τ = το + η & γ τ 力 τ ο 降 η 數 γ& 力率 τ ο 流降來流行數不 [3,5] 流來 12

24 流來流 τ ο f (c, ϕ ) η 流泥流了列 2-9[3][Bingham model] 料不量流力 (shear box)compression apparatus Utube Viscometer, coaxial viscometer 都流立不都流力立了念流泥行不粒狀 (Colloidal Supsensoions) 粒力蘭泥類類不 ( 類類 ) 不力粒粒流若 () 復 (Thixotopic) 力 [3,6,7] 流率流力數數降來 T βt TE + (To Te ) e = (2-2) T o : 力 T E : 力 β : 數 (Breakdown constant) 率 T o 降 TE 1-2 T o 13

25 流復 (thixotropy) 力率 τ 力 max 復 (anthixotropy)[8,9] 粒流行 Banfil and Saunders 復復列 (1) 度 (Viscometer geometry) (2) 率 (maximum shear rate) (3)(cycle time) 3. 流 (1) 降度都降降了降 [4,5,8,9] (2) 粒度 [3] 降度粒 3.83 τ ο = K 1 Sv (2-3) 2.47 E = K 2Sv η (2-4) SV k1k2 數粒力降度粒降 [9] (3) 料降度降量料粒降度 [3,6,7] 14

26 4. 率 Roy and Asaga[10] 不流泥立泥粒行 15

27 第六節新拌混凝土之力學行為兩料泥力泥流行泥 matrix 粒 [11] 粒了流流行力 [3] 力度力泥粒 (interlocking) 泥粒行理類粒狀粒粒粒力 (1)( 力 ) (2) 粒 ( 力 ) (3) 粒度粒力 Terzaghi 了 σ = σ'+u (2-5) (Ac/A)2<1 AC 理論 (1)Mohr-Coulomb 理論力 Mohr-Coulomb 理論來力力 τ = C + σn tan φ 16

28 τ : 力度 C: 力 σ n : 力 tan f: 數力力不力 τ' = C' +σn tan f (2-6) (2) 流 [74] τ = τ1 + η1 + C + KPx tan φ (2-7) τ 1: 滑降 η 1: 滑力率流量滑度 C: 力 px: 離 x 力 φ : (3)Alexandridis Gardner 力度力度不力度力 [3] (4)Murata[3] 流若度 15cm 行度 15cm 量 1 (5) 龍 [1] 粒度粒度粒力 17

29 力流流降泥量了了量降流理流離參數流行流行 (W/C) (w/b) 切見 2-2 率力降見 2-2(1) 泥量粒量 C 量 (W)W/C 力 T 易說都量了不不劣了率來 (W/C) 率率數 () 流量泌離狀 2-3 若 γ ea <1.0 泥了利量度流行 2-4(2) 量力 () 粒力度降 () 降粒力滑易度數 (FM) 降 () 說流行不 18

30 第七節界達電位與混凝土新拌性質 1. 念泥粒嵐粒粒粒粒離離粒離離粒不 interfacial electrical double layer double layer potential[12,13] Stern 理論粒 Stern 兩 [13]Stern 度離離 dehydrate 力力 Vanderwaal 力粒 Stern Ψ Ψσ Ψδ 零離離 Stern Ψδ 來 Zeta-potential Stern Stern 度都 Ψδ [12] 2. 泥泥不泥不行不泥不 [13] 量泥不 Stern 粒 19

31 度 σδ Electrokinetic Charge 數 [14] ( ze / kt ) NL σδ = N Z ev no exp / 1 ξ ( zeξ / kt ) (2-8) σδ = N1 Z ev no exp rdt / NL (2-9) N1 數 Z 離數 e n0 離數 NLAvogadro s 數 V 量 ξ kbolt Z manns T 度 r 率量率 electrokinetid mobility 來 [5] 3. 料參數度 ph 離 a. 料參數爐泥嵐泥 C3A 量泥泥度嵐 t 20

32 [15] b. 度不度泥 time dependent 類率不度度度泥度離度 [16,15] c.ph 泥 ph ph Stern Ca2+ 離度 [16,17] 2-20[15] 嵐料 ph 21

33 第八節混凝土工作性的量測行量列 1. 料度理度料數度 Slump Test 狀度零度 Compacting Factor TestVebe 度 Vebe Test 流度 Flow TestMixer TestRemolding Test Pene tration Test 落 Drop Test 見 2-11 不老度了度行度不度度了度離泌度不更易流不若流 Rheology 量 22

34 易理量來度易 [8,15] 量

35 第九節混凝土新拌與硬固品質之相關性度料都了率量度泌離度度連立度更來說 S = S 0 e kp (2-10) S 度 S0 率零度 k= 數 p= 率 (%) 料度降了 2. 量量度量泌離降度泌泌力量異降 3. 24

36 流便若度略度不了度 4. 泥量泥量度泥量量泥量度度 ACI211.4R 度泥量 392 kg/m kg/m 3 5. 不粒度度泥量度度降 6. 狀泥滑度度滑 25

37 2-1 料 [1] / 度度度 (slump>25cm) Dmax 度 Dmax 料料量流量泥泥量量嵐料度 W/B W/C W/C 率泥量泥量嵐料度泥泥降泥量降泥量 cm W/B 泥量數量量嵐料量量嵐料量降 W/C 降嵐料 W/B * 26

38 (Cl) 2-2 不 [1] 度 (ppm) (a) 力 (b) 不類金 500 1,000 CNS5858 硫 ( SO 4 ) 3,000 CNS5862 ( Na2O K 2O ) 600 CNS1078 量 50,000 CNS1237 度 2, 嵐料泥流度力路料 5500~6000 cm 2 / g 爐泥 8000 cm 2 / g 爐 6000~8000 cm 2 / g 50% 爐泥 S.P. W/C= kg/cm 度 (F ) 20% 度 6060 cm 2 / g 爐 50% 泥 2 S.P. 400 kg/cm () 嵐料降嵐料嵐良冷爐冷爐爐良料爐爐更 27

39 降率 2-4 略 [21,22] 泥略泥粒粒度粒 CH 易列狀度泌泌泥度數不裂 W/C 泌降 W/C 泥粒度 CH 易列降度粒粒度略良泌狀良降數降 w/c 嵐料良狀降 w/c 粒量 28

40 度料裂泥 C3 A + H C S + H 2 C - S - H C - S - H + CH + CH CH + pozzolans + H C - S - H 降 w/c 嵐料 pozzolans CH C-S-H 泌泌裂 2-5 嵐泥 [21,22] ASTM C150 量 (%) 泥量 C 3S 25~60 βc 2 S 15~50 C 3 A 4~12 度泥度度量泥度度易易 <35% 泥量 <35% 良泥 <8% 泥 <15% 泥 <7% 硫泥 <5% 硫泥 <20% 29

41 度 AF C 4 5~12 硫度率 <0.6% MgO 離 CaO Na 2 O 0.4~1.3 CSH 2 2~ 易泥裂泥不異降度 - 量 ph 易量度 <0.6% <0.6% 30

42 2-6 不料 Zeta (Mv) 類泥泥 C3A 泥爐泥 28 度 (N/mm^2) No * No ** No ** No *** Mean * ** *** Fly Ash/(Fly Ash+Cement)= [1] 度 2.5 ASTM C143 度流來量量量量度 ASTM C231 量 CNS 1177 度 ASTM C1064 量度狀度量 ASTM C138 CNS 1177 量量量量 (Pipet) 泌量泌 ASTM C232 量泌量 CNS 1235 泌 ASTM C31 度 CNS 1235 ASTM C231 ASTM C138 利理 31

43 利度 28 ASTM C684 度度料 #325 濾利 - 量泥料量 ASTM C114 量 2-8 度量 [1] 量度 (Slump Test) 度 (Vebe Test) (Compacting Factor Test 流度 (Flow Test) (Ball Penetration Test) (Remolding Test) (Mixer Test) ASTM C ACI BS.1881.PAR T2:1970 BS.1881 PART2:1970 ACI ASTM C ASTM C Powers(1932) Tattersall(1976) τ ο τ ο + η τ ο + η τ ο + η τ ο τ ο + η τ ο + η 狀零度度不易流量不易量度流參度不易流零度數不易狀流 32

44 2-9 度量 [1] 度度 (mm) V-B 落 ( ) 數 (CF) - 32~18 112~ ~10 56~ ~25 10~5 28~ ~50 5~3 14~ ~100 3~0 7~ 流 150~ 流 [1,19] 流度 (Slump Flow Test) 龍 U (U-Test) Matsuoka & Shindo V 漏 (V-Funnel Test) 度量度落度 U V 漏度量流度力度若流 30 A 離拉 B 量 B 度流度料 60~70cm V 漏 5~15 33

45 流見 2-11 流 [19] () 35~60 60~ 量 (kg/m 3 ) ~ U() 度 () 300 (R1 ) 300 (R2 ) 300 () (m 3 /m 3 ) 0.28~ ~ ~0.35 流流度 () 600~ ~ ~650 V 漏料離流 () 9~20 7~13 4~11 流度 500 流 () 5~20 3~15 3~15 34

46 2-12 年數 84 ( 論龍 ) 82 林福 ( 論 ) 86 論 () 料理 0.28,0.32,0.4 量 1.1n,1.3n,1.5n 量度流度 ( min) 流 ( min)(0~100 ) (0~) 泌 Zata 量量 0.81,0.70,0.68,0.65,0.6,0.55, 0.45,0.4 fc ' =140,210,300,380 kgf/cm 2 =TYPEFTYPEAT 量 = (TYPEF) () w cm 0.4 ( = 0.33) 泥量 =23 不量量 VP=0.41 不度度度降力流度行 n=1.3 度滑量流力量益泌離力粒料量滑益粒料 µ 降 µ 度 k 力 / 力降度度泥量利塞度離降泌量流量度流度流度滑量不 35

47 36 88 ( 論 ) 91 ( 論龍 ) 料流行泥量不 W = C 泥 0.3 ~ 0. 7 W = C 0.3 ~ 0. 7 w/b= 量 = kg/m3 = kg/m3 = ACI 0.3 泥流度泥度度 0.08~0.11mm 滑臨流泥量 69.8 泥度降 0.05mm 泥度 0.08~0.11mm 流 55 泥量 30~45 量流泥流度度泥異不量 36

48 落 ( ) V-B( ) 度 (mm) (CF) 量 [1] 流 2-2 [1] 度 37

49 2-3 力率 [1] 流力率力率 (1) 力率 (2) 力率 2-4 流 (1) W/C W/B 量 124 (2) 率 [1] W/C= W/C= ) ) ( 率 T 1 µ W/C, W/B 1:2:4 ( 泥 ) (1) W/C W/B 量 1:2:4 (2) ( 率 T 量

50 2-5 泥 [1] γ a = 2.65 泥 Wc + W γp = V + V c w w W/C 39

51 料量料度嵐料泥粒理率率量泥類

52 第三章試驗計畫第一節試驗材料料料料異 1. 泥泥泥 I 蘭泥 ASTMC 150 蘭泥泥不泥爐爐爐聯爐理狀北爐聯聯爐理料力 () () 料冷狀量理

53 泥 3 24 狀理泥 24 狀理來 CNS (SP) HPC 1000 ASTM C494F G SP 沈 SP

54 第二節試驗方法及設備 1. 料理 1 泥爐 ASTM C188 李不漏數錄 / 讀數 2 率 ASTM C127 CNS 488 ASTM C128 CNS 487 行量 3 ASTM C33 粒度數 4 量 ASTM C29 CNS 1166CNS 1163 行量量數度 25 3~5 U w W = W 2 w W 1 W 1 * 1000 Uwkg/m 3 W2kg W1kg Wwkg 43

55 5 粒料度利粒料粒度 3-1 度便料度度 a 9.5~19mm CNS m ~13.2mm 粒量 50~70 b 3 粒料參 CNS 1163 粒料量 7 粒料粒料 1.15 數量粒料 1.10 數量 c 3 輪流 5cm 落粒行粒料度不 d 294~490 N30 ~50kgf 率度 20mm 力 e 度粒料度 R P F 44

56 R 粒料度 MPakgf/cm 2 精 0.098MPa1 kgf/cm 2 P 度 20mm 力 Nkgf F F=10000mm 2 粒料度 3 若度流度 ASTM C143 CNS 1176 度行龍 3-2 泌離 2 流 3-3 龍流參 LCPC 量流 3. 1 ASTM C31C192C617 10cmφ20cmH 200T 度 2 量 45

57 量 ASTM C597 利量 Ultrasonic 量 10cmφ20cmH 利不度度量 C.N.S. Electronics LTD Concrete Resistivity Meter 量數離 ASTM C1202 利流流易來離 mmφ*52mmH 2 1mmHg(133Pa) 力 3 淋 hr v 流 3 NaCl 0.3N NaOH 7 量流量六流量離易度 Q900(I 0 + 2I30 + 2I I300 +I360 ) (3-1) Q 流量 Coulombs I 0 流 Ampers 46

58 It t min 流 Ampers Qs = Q x * ( ) x (3-2) Qs 3.75in 流量 Coulombs Qx x in 流量 Coulombs 5 參 CNS 行 4"4"11" 度 23 度 100% 24 度 Length Comparator 量度量 3-8 度 23 度 50% 利度量度量 Standard Bar 數料金度率 L/L100 LL L0 L0 量 L 量 L L 6 47

59 第三節試驗變數數 1. 粒度 g/cm 量 kg/m 3 / ACI 率 25 粒度 1.25 g/cm 量 kg/m 3 48

60 C 3 A 理泥爐理泥爐 CNS 61 泥 CNS ASTM C678Type F ASTM C6118Type C SiO 2 S Al 2 O 3 A Fe 2 O 3 F S+A+F CaO MgO Max Max5.0 Max SO 3 Max Max Max5.0 Max f-cao TiO Na 2 O Max5.0 Max1.5 - K 2 O V 2 O 量 Max Max12 Max 不 Max C 3 S C 2 S C 4 AF 度 2 /g Min Min Vicat 45 Vicat W/C Max

61 3-2 泥粒度 (g/cm 3 ) 率 (%) D max (mm) 度數 (FM) 度 (MPa) (kg/m 3 ) 不量 0.15 量 43.0 ph 6.93 離量 ppm

63 3-3 流

64 3-5 量 3-6 量 53

66 第四章輕質骨材混凝土試拌施作及工程性質 ACI 15 度 8000psiACI 度 SCC 異立連第一節輕質混凝土試拌及配比行 ACI ACI 量嵐料 25 泥量 ACI ACI 粒度 1.25 g/cm 3 粒 13mm 量 kg/m 3 粒度 g/cm 粒 6mm1.25 g/cm 3 粒 13mm 量 kg/m 3 例量 β/ 度流度 4-1~

67 第二節試驗室輕質混凝土新拌性質度不度流度便良不不劣了量度流參流理念流易度離更流數來力離度度度易了 ( 零度 ) 度 1. 泥降率度理流 SCC 度流度流度流度 60 粒度粒度粒力力流泥量量見 4-1 度更流更 1 不量 ( 泥量 ) 粒度 g/cm 量 kg/m 3 60 度流度 56

68 流粒度粒度粒力力流量量泥量量度更流更度流度量泥量泥 60 度流度泥量量率量 60 度流度不度流度 2 不 ( 泥 ) 4-17 粒度 1.1 量 150 kg/m 3 不度流度流量泥量量量量量度度量度滑量流度流度不不量泥量量泥 60 度流度不降更量綠不量 150 kg/m 3 3 不率 57

69 4-18 粒度 1.1g/cm 3 量 150 kg/m 不率度流度流量度 β / 泥量度流度率度 ACI 度流流行流行量切流行離參度歷離易度流流數 min 量數量 0 90 RPM 90RPM 降 0 1 行 PRM 90 RPM 降 0 行兩利了 4-20 D 例葉降 0 90 RPM 降 90 RPM 降 0 降 1 5 行 PRM 90 RPM 降 0 論降泥 58

70 葉力葉力復泥復 2 流理念流易度 1 不量流 ( 泥量 ) 4-20 粒度 1.1 g/cm 量 kg/m 3 量流 6 不量流量降泥量量流流降 60 泥降 2 不流 ( 泥 ) 4-21 粒度 1.1 g/cm 3 量 150 kg/m 流 5 不流降度流流降葉力 2 異不 60 泥降論泥量泥 59

71 降葉力 2 異不降 60

72 第三節現場模擬施作 - 凹型試驗錄流流離 mm 1200m 350mm 兩 1200mm 350mm 1300mm 700mm 兩 500mm 4-23 兩 12 #8 #4 3 #8 42mm 車料流 1300mm 2. 流流離 mm 1200m 350mm 兩 1200mm 350mm 1300mm 700mm 兩 500mm 4-23 兩 12 #8 #4 3 #8 42mm 車料流 1300mm W/cm= 度流度流 V U 流 m 3 車 60 () 車料 61

73 流 1200mm 度流 1200mm 流 1300mm 流 1200mm 流 62

74 第四節輕質混凝土硬固性質及耐久性 3.4 度力 Videla and Lopez 力爲兩料爲泥爲力度爲降度不度度塞邏泥量泥度益 4-36 量 150kg/m 度粒度 1.1g/cm 3 度 56day 43.2MPa40.8 MPa 35.8MPa 泥度念量泥量度泥度量度量 kg/m 3 度粒度 1.1g/cm 3 度 56day 量 39.9MPa40.8MPa 42.5MPa 泥量泥量度降度泥量量度泥量更泥量不利量 [5] 度泥量 3.5 離 [6-10] 63

75 金料理利離離數度泥量量量離離度度度 [6-10] 金離良 [6] Buenfeld and Newman and Page 20kΩ-cm 力 ACI 暴露離力 ASTM C1202 參 ASTM C 倫離 low 倫離爲泥 4-38 泥粒度 1.10 g/cm 3 量 150kg/m kΩ-cm 4-39 不量 150kg/m 倫論量泥離不易離泥量 4-40 泥量粒度 1.10 g/cm 量

76 kg/m 3 60 降 58 kω-cm 泥量 4-40 不粒度 1.10 g/cm 量 kg/m 倫泥量量論泥量量 65

77 4-1 類 W/cm W/c 料 kg/m 3 Sand L.Agg Cement Fly Slag Water SP D D Type 1 Dmax=6m m Particle density =1.1g/cm 3 D D D D B D C D A D A D B D C D Type 2 Dmax=13 mm Particle density =1.25g/cm D D AF AF AF AF AF 說 1. D AD11 粒度 1.1 g/cm 量 165k g/m 3 量 A β=0.6b β=0.65c β=0.70β / 例 2. AF A ACI F 泥 2512 粒度 1.25 g/cm 量 217k g/m 3 量 66

78 4-2 錄 (2001~2003) 里蘭 101 TFC 樓北里 A/E 2~3F 北金 F () 率 40~50 () 金 (1F) 4-1 度流度 1 67

79 4-2 度流度度流度 3 68

80 4-4 度流度度流度 5 69

81 4-6 度流度度流度 7 70

82 4-8 度流度度流度 9 71

83 4-10 度流度度流度 11 72

84 4-12 度流度度流度 13 73

85 4-14 度流度 14 74

86 4-15 不量 =150 kg/m 3, 粒度 1.25g/cm 3 Slump Flow (mm) initial 60-minute D A~D A Slump (mm) initial 60minutes D A~D A D A~D A Flow Time (sec) initial 60-minute 75

87 4-16 不量 =150 kg/m 3, 粒度 1.10g/cm 3 Slump Flow (mm) initial 60-minute D A~D A D A~D A Slump (mm) initial 60minutes D A~D A Flow Time (sec) initial 60-minute 76

88 4-17 不 w/cm=0.32, 粒度 1.10g/cm 3 Slump Flow (mm) initial 60-minute D A~D A D A~D A Slump (mm) initial 60minutes D A~D A Flow Time (sec) initial 60-minute 77

89 4-18 不率 A=0.6,B=0.65,C=0.7 量 =170 kg/m 3, w/cm=0.32, 粒度 1.10g/cm 3 Slump Flow (mm) initial 60-minute D A~D C Slump (mm) initial 60minutes D A~D C initial 60-minute Flow Time (sec) D A~D C 78

90 4-19 不 ACI 粒度 1.25g/cm AF AF AF AF AF (LWA 粒度 1.1g/cm 3 w/cm=0.32 不泥量 ) Torsion ( kg-m) D (initial) D (initial) D (initial) Torsion ( kg-m) D (1 hour) D (1 hour) D (1 hour) RPM 79

91 4-21 (LWA 粒度 1.1g/cm 3 Ww=150 kg/m 3 不泥 ) 80

93 4-24 度流度 4-25 U 82

94 4-26 V 4-27 流 83

95 車

96 車料流 85

97 流流 86

99 4-36 度 ( 不泥 ) 4-37 度 ( 不泥量 ) 88

100 4-38 泥 D D D 不 ASTM C1202 charge passed=1000~2000 coulombs, chloride lon penetrability belong to Low Low Charge Passed( Coulombs) charge passed=100~1000 coulombs, chloride lon penetrability belong to Low Low Negligible Negligible 89

101 4-40 泥量 D D D

102 第五章輕質骨材混凝土品保驗證列流見第一節輕質骨材及混凝土品質保證架構泥泥立泥 5-1 料 1. 料 1 爐爐泥料粒粒料 2 料 2. 泥料粒料量行 (TCLP) TCLP 91

103 5-1 92

104 1. 粒狀料 2. 粒料不量列 (1) 不 CNS 1164 粒料量不若量 (2) 粒料 Fe 2 O 3 量 200g 1.5mg 粒料度參 ASTM C Standard Test Method for Iron Staining Material in Lightweight Concrete Aggregates 7 (3) 量 CNS 1078 泥量不 5% 理粒料粒料不降量粒料 3. 理粒料理列 (1) 易粒量不量 2% (2)

105 粒料度 (mm) 25mm (1in) 5-1 粒料量率 19mm (3/4in) 12.5mm (1/2in) 9.5mm (3/8in) 4.75mm (No.4) 2.36mm (No.8) 1.18mm (No.16) 300µm (No.50) 150µm (No.100) 粒料粒料粒料 (3) 連粒料理度數粒料度數 7% 粒料粒料 (4) 度粒料度粒料度度率粒料度度 (kg/m³) 粒料 1120 粒料 880~1100 粒料 1040 粒度 1 率 (MPa) () (5) 粒度粒料粒度 5-2 (6) 率粒料率 5-2 (7) 度粒料度異不 10%

106 粒料列 1. 度度裂度度度裂度不度粒料裂度度 5-3 數度度 CNS 1232 度裂度 CNS 3801 裂度粒料度參 ASTM C Standard Test for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete 粒料度度 28 度 ( kg/m 3 ) 28 裂度 (1 (kgf/cm 2 ) 28 度 (kgf/cm 2 ) 粒料粒料若不裂度料 2. 來粒料 CNS 1240 粒料錄例率不 0.07% 4. 裂不裂 5. 95

107 1. 粒料 (1) CNS 485 粒料 (2) 量 CNS 粒料量 2. 數 (1) 粒料行不量度粒度 1 率量 (2) 行度度裂裂度 3. (1) 度 CNS 1232 CNS 1230 CNS 1231 度 23±2 度 50±5% (2) 裂度 CNS cm 度 30cm CNS 3801 (3) 度 (4) CNS 泥度 a. m³ 335kg 泥料量 6±1% 量度 mm 50 50mm mm 度 250mm 96

108 b. 不不不 20~48 度 23±2 度 95% 7 量度度 37.8±1.1 度 32±2% 37.8(MgCl2) 度 32 (5) 28 量度精度 0.01% 度量量量 (6) 裂料 7.4 CNS 1258 蘭泥裂數裂數列 (7) CNS 1168 (8) CNS 486 粒料粒料量 5-4 粒料度料 2830cm³ 粒料粒料粒料度 (g) (kg/m³) (9) 度料 CNS 1163 粒料 97

109 度 (10) 粒度料 CNS 粒料粒度 (11) 率 CNS 488 粒料率 (12) 粒料易粒 CNS 1171 易粒 3. 料若不理若料 98

110 第二節擬制訂的品質手冊及標準作業程序 (SOP) 錄說料六理第三節高流動輕質骨材混凝土可能產生問題原因及對策錄 1 離不 78 料料 12 車 13 裂 14 裂 15 狀 16 不 ()17 裂 18 99

111 第六章結論與建議第一節結論泥率流度論立論 1. 量泥量泥 60 度流度泥量量率量 60 度流度不度流度 2. 量泥量量泥 60 度流度不降更量綠不量 150 kg/m 3 3. 量 150 kg/m 不率度流度流量度 β / 泥量度流度率度 4. 流度泥 100

112 六論異不量 5. 北流 6. 度良 7. 立參 101

113 102 參考文獻 1. 龍行北洛柳料 (I) NSC E pp.69-70(1989) 4. Tattersall, G. H., Workability and Quality Control of Concrete T. J. Press Ltd., Padstow(1991). 5. Tattersall, G. H., and P. F.G. Banfill, The rheology of Fresh Concrete Pitman Advanced pub, Program, London(1983). 6. Daimon, M. and D. M. Roy, Rheological Properties of Cement Mixes Part I, Cement and concrete Research, Vol.8 pp.753~764(1978). 7. Daimon, M. and D. M. Roy, Rheological Properties of Cement Mixes Part II, Cement and concrte Research., Vol. 8,pp.315~324(1979). 8. Banfill, P. F. G and D. C. Saunders, On The Viscometric Examination of Cement Pastes, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 11, pp363~370(1981). 9. Clark, P. E., and R. Shaughness, The Rheological Behavior of Fresh Cement Pastes, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 18, pp.327~341(1988). 10. Asga, K. and D. M. Roy, Rheological Properties of Cement Mixes III The Effect of Mixing Procedures on Visometric Properties of Mixes Contaning Superplasticizers, Cement and Concrete Research, Voo.8 pp.731~739(1979). 11. 泥泥流力論 pp (1980) 12. 廉立

114 六論北 pp.162~170(1994) 13. Nagele, E., The Zeta Potential of Cement, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 15, pp.453~462(1985). 14. ( 李 ) 論 15. Nagele, E., The Zeta Potential of Cement Part II Effect of Ph-Value, Cemet and Concrete Research., Vol. 16, pp.853~863(1986). 16. Nagele, E. and U. Schnider, The Zeta Potential of Blast Furnace Slag and Fly Ash, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 19, pp.811~820(1989). 17. Nagele, E., The Zeta Potential of Cement Part III The Non Equilbirium Double Layer on Cement, Cement and concrete Research, Vol. 17, pp.573~580(1987). 18. 龍論 (1994) 19. 流行立論 (2000) 20. 劉立論 (1995) 21. Sidney Mindess, J, Francis Young Concrete, Prentice-Hall Inc.(1981). 22. P.K. Mehta, Concrete Structure, Properties and Materials,(1986) 23. 料立論 (1992) 103

115 錄說料六理 104

116 錄第一節總則與內容說明理留錄年說理 2. 行說說理 3. 若行理理 4. 說 1.3 說說列

117 2. 3. 暴露年 4. 度 5. 料力力力 8. 離留不不列 (1) 說 (2) 力 (3) 沈不累裂 (4) (5) 力力 2. 行行 3. 不 106

118 錄量料量力不若理料說立狀 2. 度行錄列 (1) (2) 料 (3) 料 (4)( 料 ) 料料 (5) (6) 力料力 (7) (8) 107

119 (9) 度列 (1) (2) 若行 1.8 料 1. 說若料若料理 2. 料若利利理利理利契 2. 契 3. 說 4. 理 5. 契 108

120 錄 6. 說說契說參 1. 參 (CNS)

121 第二節輕質骨材混凝土材料料泥 () 料 2. 料 3. 料料來不更 2.2 泥 1. 類泥 (1) 蘭泥 CNS 61 蘭泥 (2) 蘭爐泥 CNS 3654 蘭爐泥 (3) 蘭泥 CNS 蘭泥 (4) 泥 ASTM C845Performance Specification of Hydraulic Cement 類泥 CNS 2. 說泥蘭泥 3. 泥泥 4. 不來泥不 5. 露泥不泥 2.3 料 1. 料 (1) 料 CNS 3091 (2) 料 CNS 料 (3) 流料 CNS 流料 110

122 錄 (4) 泥 CNS 蘭泥 (5)CNS 3036 蘭泥嵐 (6) 爐爐 CNS 泥料爐爐 (7) 泥料 ASTM C1240Specification for Silica Fume for Use in Hydraulic-Cement Concrete and Mortar 料 CNS 2. 料不良 3. 料說料行 4. 料料 CNS CNS (1)CNS 1240 粒料 (2)CNS 3691 粒料 (3) 粒料 CNS [ 粒料 ] (4) 粒料 CNS [ 粒料 ] 若 111

123 2.6 料 1. 料不離料利識 2. 料若不 3. 泥料若不 30 cm 泥度不 50 C 泥度泥若若泥不易 5. 不不粒度不料度離良量量 [24] 率 [70] [1] 率 7. 料利量 8. 料離不良度 9. 泥料 ASTM C

124 錄第三節輕質骨材混凝土配比設計說 2. 料度列 (1) 度 8.2 (2) 流泌離 3.4 (3) 度說度 1. 度 CNS 1230 CNS 1231 CNS 1232 度 28 ( ) 行度度度 ƒ ' c w 2.( )(w) 泥 (c) 嵐料 (p) 量 c + p 3. 暴露度暴露度暴露 ƒ ' c (kgf/cm2 ) (1) 暴露 (2) 暴露 (3) 暴露

125 離論狀 w/c 0.50 裂年 2. 離量離量離量 () 力 0.15 kg/m kg/m 3 3. 暴露量量 CNS 9661 量 ( 力 ) CNS 9662 量 () kΩ-, 56 離量 2000 倫量 3.4 度量 (%) # 粒 (mm) * 暴露度暴露度暴露 < 度不論 114

126 錄度量料 150 kg/m 粒粒不列 (1) 度 1/5 (2) 1/3 (3) 3/4 (4) 粒 1/ (4) 料 1. 料 2.3 料 2. 料類量不更 3. 料 3.7 度 1. 度 f cr (3-1)(3-4) (1)f c kgf/cm 2 f f 1.34s (3-1) cr c + f f s (3-2) cr (2) f c kgf/cm 2 c f f 1.34s (3-3) cr c + f 0.9f 2.33s (3-4) cr c + f c = 度 (kgf/cm²) 115

127 f cr = 度 (kgf/cm²) s=(kgf/cm²) (3-1)(3-4) s (3-6) s s 兩錄 2. 若錄度度度 f c (kgf/cm 2 ) 度 f cr (kgf/cm 2 ) 210 f c ~ 350 f c f c 度度度度度度數利錄 3 立料立 1. 若連 3 料錄錄列 (1) 錄料料不 (2) 錄度度不 70 kgf/cm² (3) 數 30 錄 2. ( X i X ) s = n (3-5) 116

128 錄 s= X i = 度 X = 連度 n= 連數若連數 30 錄兩 2 2 (n 1)s + (n 1)s s = (3-6) n + n s = 兩錄 s 1,s 2 = 兩錄 (3-5) 兩錄 30 n 1,n 2 = 兩錄數 3. 若錄 ~29 連錄列錄來數數 ( 錄 15 ) 數 * 數 * 數度 (1) 錄了 (1) (2) 連 (2) 15~29 錄

129 4. 若錄理 3.9 狀列列 (1) 料料 (2) 不行度 3.7 度 f cr (3) (4) 度 2.0 cm 量 0.5% 度錄 5 C (5) CNS 1230 度 CNS 1232 度理 (6) 度度 (7) 度度 (8) 錄 (1) 錄料若 118

130 錄度度度 f cr (2) 若 (1) 錄兩度 (3) 若 (1)(2) 說 (4) 若不 (1)(2) 理 3. 不不類度度 84 kgf/cm 度連錄累度 3.8 來度 f cr 1. 度度降 f cr 2. 度度立 f cr 119

131 第四節輕質骨材混凝土拌和產製及輸送精量料料量 2. CNS 料量 1. 料料量量若量 2. 量 (1) 泥量嵐料泥累量料不泥量 (2) 料量量量量量 4% 5% (3) 料量度量 ±0.4% 量 1/4 量 (4) 量料不 3. 量 (1) 量易行 (2) 量料讀數易 (3) 量暴露 U 類 (4) 梁量靈度量 0.1% 120

132 錄 (5) 量不力度 4. 量率六若量異 5. 料量料量料狀量 30% 量量 ±1% 泥嵐料 * 量 <30% 量量料 0% +4% ±1% 車 ±3% 量 ±2% 30% 量量累量 <30% 量量 ±1% ± 0.3% 量量 ± 3% 累量量量 ±3% 量 ± 3% ± 泥量泥嵐料量累量若累量泥 1. 車 CNS 3090 列數 (1)CNS 7101 (2)CNS 7102 (3)CNS 7103 (4) 121

133 3. (1) 料量 1 料量 2 泥料量量累量嵐料泥量累量 3 量 4 料料量 (2) 1 量泥 ( 嵐料 ) 料量料 2 料 3 料 () 狀度 4 (3) 1 CNS 料料 25% (4) 葉率度 10% 6mm 更數量若量連 ASTM C

134 錄量連 5. 料量料量量料若量量料量 4.4 度車 1. 料度列若度不立車理 (1) 度不 3-4.2(1) 3-4.2(1) 度度 (mm) (mm) 75 mm mm 0 63 (2) 度不 3-4.2(2) 3-4.2(2) 度 4.5 料度 (mm) (mm) < 50 ± ~100 ± 25 > 100 ± 料量量度 2. 不類料不行 3. 料不狀 4.6 度度度 123

135 裂度裂列 1. 冷度度度不 32 C 泥 2. 冷料降 4.7 料料 1. 料量量不 150kg/m 3 2. 泥料量流度 110 ± 5% 不 150 kg/m 3 3. 料量 150 kg/m 3 不金狀類度 4.8 錄 1. 錄列 (1) 類 (2) 料料錄 (3) 料量錄 (4) 錄 (5) 錄 (6) 量錄 (7)(30 ) 錄 (8) 說 124

136 錄 2. CNS (1) CNS 3090 (2) 不料離度料 1 不 2 不 30 (3) 率 (4) 不 (5) 留不不留 (6) 不金料 2. (1) (2) 車 1 車車車量 2 車車車量不量 80% 車車葉 (3) 125

137 1 量便 2 不 30 3 料料 2 m 若流離不 (4) 1 力力粒率料力力料度 2 不離度 3 立若不力 4 塞若塞料 5 落料料離 (5) 1 度 15 不 300 m 2 料泥泥漏 3 料料漏料離 4 量度 126

138 錄 (6) 滑 1 滑滑度不 6 m 度 12~13() 若滑漏 2 滑不 2 m 漏串度 60 cm 落 3 滑不不料 (7) 車 1 車離不 60 m 2 車行路不 3 料落料 127

139 第五節輕質骨材混凝土澆置及養護良 2. 連不不 3. 泥理不 4. 理理 (1) 列理列 1 2 料料不泥泥 24 便露 3 (2) 泥不良不留 (3) 臨金 128

140 錄 (4) 露梁 5.24 (2) 理 (5) 若力力說若理 6 mm 露 5. 留流料離料離 2. 連不不良冷 3. 冷 4. 理若冷若 5.6 理 5. 流 6. 若梁梁

141 CNS 5646 () CNS 5648 () 3. 量不 cm 5. 5~15 不若若 6. 度 7. 度 10 cm 行若惡劣行 2. 不 3. 量 4. 若 24 5 C 度不 10 C 30 cm 度不 13 C 5. 度 32 C 130

142 錄 6. 度 49 C 冷理 1. 量 2. 若量力度說若狀 3. 理不冷度度料 2. 行 5.11 理不列 (1) (2) 料 (3) 不料 (4) CNS 2178 (1)(4) 1 不 2. 若流立 131

143 說立若料不類暴露不不 4. 列 (1) 3 (2) 7 (3) 料 5.9 惡劣 1. 冷冷度 10 C 20 C 類度量暴露 24 不. 2. 類不行 3. 度度量不 3 C24 不 28 C 力度 2. 流 132

144 錄 3. 行不度力力料力 CNS 8188 料力 2. 度度 85% 若度度 (f'c) 35 kgf/cm² 度度 85% 3. 度若不立

145 第六節輕質骨材混凝土品質管理 6.1 理說理 6.2 度立度立行立立立 2. 行錄 3. 索錄兩年理 (Plan) 2. 行 (Do) 3. 行行 (Check) 4. 行錄 (Action) 理 2. 說料理

146 錄 4. 行料領立 2. 料料料料料 3. 行不領 2. 行 3. 行領 2. 料 135

147 第七節輕質骨材混凝土檢驗及查驗行料不 2. 行利行行理 3. 理料 2. 験料料 2. 說 3. 行料料率理 CNS 136

148 錄 1174[] 5. 度度說度度度 CNS 1176 度 6. 度量惡劣若度量度 7. 度 100 m m 2 行度數量 40 m 3 料參度 (1) 100 m m 2 行度數量 40 m 3 料參度 (2) 度度若行參 (3) CNS 1231 理度 CNS 1232 度理 (4) 28 度契行 8. 量 CNS 9661 量 ( 力 ) CNS 9662 量 () 度 137

149 量 9. 量量 CNS 量量 () 料若料不 2. 料 3. 更 7.6 理列 1. 料 2. 行 3. 行勞力便行 6. 泥力料不 138

150 錄第八節輕質骨材混凝土施工品質之評定與認可料 2. 不理料 3. 度度 4. 行度 7.4 行度理 2. 度列兩 (1) 連度度 f c (2) 度度 f c 35 kgf/cm (1) 度類 4. 不 8.2 2(2) 理度落理不 8.4 理 139

151 行度 2. 不若不行度行 2. 不粒不 5 cm 度不 () CNS 1238 切度理 3. 若度 C 度 60% 7 狀行若 CNS 狀行 4. 度度若理 5. 度不度度不 f c 75% f c 85% 理 7. 度量 150kg/m 3 度度不 140

152 錄 2. (1)CNS 數 (2)ASTM C597 度 (3)CNS (4)ASTM C900 (5) 8.7 度 1. 若兩度不理 3. 度度 8.8 理 141

153 第九節輕質骨材混凝土之驗收例 2. 料理 3. 不若理 4. 列料料便 (1) 料更 (2) 料 (3) 錄不錄 (4) 度 (5) (6) 度 9.4 理不不度不 142

154 錄 (1) 離 1 度 30mm (a) 稜 (b) 露稜 2 度 30m (a) 稜 (b) 露稜 (2) 離 cm 3 4 (3) 1 (a) (b) 2 3 梁見 (4) 梁 30 cm 30 cm 100 cm 100 cm (5) 1 (a) (b) 2 (a) 度 5 cm (b) 度 5 cm 不 30 cm 3 參 3 m (a) 露露 (b) ± 25 mm ± 13 mm 度 1/1,000 不 ±150 mm 度 1/2,000 不 ±75 mm ± 25 mm ± 13 mm ± 20 mm 度 1/50 不 ±50 mm ± 20 mm ± 20 mm ± 20 mm ± 13 mm + 10 mm 6 mm + 13 mm 10 mm + 25 mm 20 mm ± 3 mm ± 6 mm ± 3 mm ± 6 mm ± 6 mm ± 10 mm 143

155 4 (a)a (b)b (c)c (d)d ± 3 mm ± 6 mm ± 13 mm ± 25 mm 3. 不度理不行不不不度 (mm) 露若不 2. 露若若不 3. 露 9.4 度度理 144

156 錄錄流離例 30 SCC ( SCLWC) 流度了流度 700mm 泌離料都 1. 量泥量 2. 車量量泌離 3. 爐量 30~50 爐量泌離泌 1. 度 2. 料車量 3. 降量 4. 降 SP 量 5. 降 Slag 例行 SCLWC 理流若不 SCC SCLWC 流行度 SCC 1.8~2.0 力度 h 不不易 145

157 SCC 流良例 SCLWC 1. SCLWC 2. 率 3.SCLWC 留 4.(SP) 量葉率 3. 量 4. 降 SP 例不 1. SCLWC 流不流 2. 粒 SCLWC 立料流 SCLWC 梁流度流 SCLWC 1. 量泥量度流 146

158 錄 2. Dmax 降粒粒料 3.SCLWC 泥量量不例 SCLWC 24 度兩 28 度 1. 度 (G) 量 2. 料量沈量量度 3. 不泥量嵐料度 28 度 1. F 2. 量 3. 料量行 ( ) 六例老行 SCLWC SCLWC 了更力 1.SCLWC 量量 SCLWC 若不良 SCLWC 2. 料不力 147

159 1. 力不 SCLWC 類量量略量 SCLWC 量量 2. 泥料例爐 SCLWC 料狀料力爐連連度料不爐力狀掺料 SCLWC 料流率降例 SCLWC SCC 了更 SCLWC 了兩料流力不 SCLWC 更 SCLWC 兩 148

160 錄連立若 1.SCLWC 立 (SOP) 例利力來行料行料力量量 50% 力復料葉不累量降量不 1. SCLWC 量狀料率不力例 SCLWC 不行 149

161 (1) (2) 料流 (3) (4) 2. 葉

162 錄料例 SCLWC 料兩料 SCLWC 料量都 2.0 % 料了例 SCLWC 料料流不料不量不不量不異連料料 1. 料 2. 料 3. 狀料料量 4. 料料車例車 SCLWC 車 1. 車 2.SCLWC 流不 3. 車 SCLWC 流 1. 路 151

163 2. 不車了 SCLWC 裂例欄 SCLWC 了度 0.1mm 裂裂 10 度泥裂 SCLWC 量泥泥例易裂 1. 裂 2. 裂 3. 裂 4. 裂 1. 裂切量量 150kg/m 3 2. w/c 降量 4. 降泥量裂例 SCLWC 0.5mm 裂泥 SCLWC 量泥量裂 152

164 錄 SCC 量便離料料不狀料泥泥量量更不列裂率 1. 降泥量降裂 2. 降量降裂 3. w/c>0.5 降裂度 6. 泥降狀 (Sandy surface) 例 SCLWC 度 40 泌狀度不度不量泌降量不 () 例 SCLWC 兩了了例 ASTM C494 G SCLWC 兩度量 153

165 F 參六裂例 SCLWC 數裂 SCLWC 良量裂率降量例 SCLWC SCLWC 量量度狀更 1. 泥 2. 粒度 3. 降 D max 4. 率 154