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2 CIP / ISBN Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. - - Ⅳ. C95 CIP ISBN /C http / /cbs. pku. edu. cn ss@pup. pku. edu. cn mm 980mm

3 1982 Where did you come from I am an American

6 6-1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! 100!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! 102!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 137

7 !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! 153!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!! 13-5!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! 204!!!!!!!!!!!! 251

8 6-1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! a 1990!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! b 1990!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! a 13-3b!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 177!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 191!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 197

9 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2!!!!!!!!!!! 3!!!!!!!!!! 4!!!!!!!!!! 5!!!!!!!!! 6!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 8!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 13!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 14!!!! 14!!!!!!!!!!! 16!!!!!!!!! 19!!!!!!!!!!! 22!!!!!!!!!!!! 24!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 27!!!!!!!!! 28!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 32!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 34!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 38!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 41!!!!!!!!! 41!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 43!!!!!!!!! 47!!!!!!!!! 50

10 2!!!!!! 52!!!!! 53!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 56 1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 58!!!!!!!!!!!!! 59!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 63!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 67 2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 71!!!!!!!!!!!! 71!!!!!!!!!!!!! 74!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 77!!!!!!!!!!!! 80!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 85!!!!!!!! 87!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 93!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 95!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 96!!!!!!!!! 101!!!!!!! 107!!!!!!!!!!!!! 111!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 112!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 113!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 115!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 116!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 118!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 120!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 122!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 127!!!!!!!!!!! 127

11 3!!!!!!!!! 130!!!!!!!!!!! 136!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 142!!!!!!!!!!! 142!!!!!!!!!!! 144!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 146!!!!!!!!!!!! 150!!!!!!!!!!!! 152!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 155!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 160!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 161!!!!!!!!!!! 162!!!!!!!!!!!!! 164!!!!!!!!!!! 166!!!!!!!!!!! 169!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 172!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 175!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 175!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 177!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 178!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 182!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 182!!!!!!!!!! 184!!!!!!!!!!!!! 187!!!!!!!!!!!!! 192!!!!!!!!!! 192!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 193!!!!!!! 195!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 197!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 202

12 4!!!!!!!!!! 207!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 208!!!!!!!!!!!!! 211!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 216!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 225!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 226!!!!!!!!!!!!! 229!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 230!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 231!!!!!! 233!!!!!!!!!!!! 236!!!!!!!! 237!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 239!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 240!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 244!!!!!!!! 247!!!!!!!!! 248!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 253!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 253!!!!!!!!!!!!! 254!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 258!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 260!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 268!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 275

13 race ethnic group nation nationality ethnicity volk volkerschaft nation

14 % 64%

16 4 4

20 Milton M. Gordon Michael Hechter

21 9 Nation-state Nationalism

26 ethnic groups ethnicity 1. 55

27 20 nation ethnic groups 56 nation ethnic groups 2.

29 nation nationalism nation nationality ethnic groups Anthony Giddens nation

30 18 nation nationalism nation nation-state nationalism nationalism nation nationalism regional nationalism ethnolism Ethnic groups nation nationalism Chinese nation Chinese nationalism 56 ethnic group 56 56

32 ethnic groups ethnic groups nation

34 race Race 3 the Caucasoid the Mongoloid the Negroid Brewton Berry Berry ethnicity 1972 Supplement American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 1973 David Riesman 1953 ethnicity ethnic groups ethnicity Class status group

35 23 3 nationality nationality nationalities nationality minority nationalities nationality nationality 4 nation nationalism nationstate nation 1 primordialism boundary approach 2 expressivism instrumentalism 3 historicism modernism nation nation nationalism nation nation the rational state the territorial nation Smith ethnic group nation nation

36 24 nation nation ethnicity nation nation ethnicity ethnic groups nation nation 1. ethnicity nation nation ethnic groups ethnic groups nation

37 25 nation nation nation Chinese nation nation ethnic minorities ethnic groups a nation-state a multi-ethnic nation-state nationalism nation

38 26 20 nation ethnic group nation ethnicity

40 Immanuel Wallerstein social definition Thomas Hylland Eriksen the ethnic group

42 30 Nation-culture Nation-state

43 31 Negro Black 80 Afro-American

44 32 F. Barth 1. Ethnic affinity the belief in common ethnicity Weber 1978a

45 Milton Gordon Prejudice Discrimination

46 34 40% 40% 1. Donald L. Horowitz Criteria of identity Indicia of i- dentity Horowitz

47 Hispanic Latinos 47%

50 Ethnic stratification 2.

51 39 3.

52 40

53 20 Nation the Chinese nation

55 a 40

65 53 3.

69 57

70 1

74 62 Joseph R. Levenson

76 a b b a 439

77 b

78 c a d 12

82 70

83 2 1.

84 72 Nationstate

86 74 Nation-building Milton M. Gordon 1964 Assimilation in American Life

87 A + B + C + = A A A + B + C + = E A B C E

88 76 Horace Kallen A + B + C + = E A + E B + E C Liberal pluralism Corporate pluralism Gordon

89 John Rex

90 Michael Hechter Diffusion model Internal colonialism 1 1

91 M. Hechter 2

92 80 Rex J. Milton Yinger

93 81 2 Yinger Donald L. Horowitz A + B C 6-1 Assimilation Amalgamation Incorporation Division Differentiation Proliferation A + B C A + B A A B + C A A + B A + B A + B + C Horowitz

94 82 Henry Tischler and Brewton Berry Tischler and Berry

96 Milton M. Gordon

97 85 7. Civic assimilation

100

101

102

103 91 4 Index of dissimilarity % 99%

104

105

106

107 1975 N. Glazer D. P. Moynihan Ethnicity ethnic stratification social stratification

108 % Simpson and Yinger %

109 % 67% % 30. 8% 28. 7% % % % 4% 5% 2% 1% % 73. 2% 49. 5% %

110 Sullivan % 8. 9% % 3% % % 2. 8% % 27. 5% 21% 11. 5%

111 % % % % % % Simpson and Yinger % 61% %

112 % 11. 7% 8-5 %

113 %

114 a a % 30%

115 a a % % %

116 104 % % % a b % 1 50% 47. 2% %

117 b % 29 10% 9 3% % 5. 7% % 1. 67% % 3. 1% % % % 9. 18% % 31 5% % 50% 6 10

118 % % % 2% % 25% %

119 % a a

120

121 % b

122 110 2

123

124 % % 1 2 3

125 a 9-1b a 2000

126 b

127

128

129

130

131 Sutton / 1 Heart diseases Cancers Stroke Accidents Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Pneumonia and influenza Diabetes Chronic liver disease Atherosclerosis Suicide Disease of early infancy Homicide and legal intervention Simpson and Yinger

132

133

134 % % 6 % 18 % Sweet

135

136

137

138 126

139

140 % 45% 15% % 10. 4% 20. 5% % Portes and Rumbaut % % % %

141 % % 41% 14%

142 130 31%

143 131

144

145

146 % Jensen % 42% 24% 10% 28%

147 % % % % % % % % % Jensen %

148 136 20

149 % % % % 40% 10-4

150 % % % %

151 % % a % 36. 9% 18. 8% 16. 6% % % 3. 4%

152

153

154 Smith Parsons

155 143 Dreyer

156 144 99% 99%

157 b 253 Walker Connor Connor

158 Simpson and Yinger % % + 300% - 30% + 120% - 27% + 70% - 26% + 40% - 25%

159 Anderson and Silver % 4. 5% 50 72% 26% 60 62% 37. 2% 70 60% 40% % % % %

160 Simpson and Yinger

161 % 40. 8%

162

163 151

164 % 34% 47. 2% 26. 8% 73. 2%

165 % 67% 10. 2% 20. 3% 2. 7% 28% % % %

166 154 % % % % 7. 5% 90. 4% 0. 5% 73. 8% 79. 2% 79% 93. 8% % 85. 9% 11-5 % % %

167 155 % % %

168

169

170 158 50

171 159

172

173 % 7. 1%

174

175

176 % 60% /5 3 /5 40% 60% index of dissimilarity A B Wilson and Taeuber ID = 1 /2 n i = 1 W i /W - B i /B W i B i i W B Taeuber and Taeuber

177 TX IL TX FL GA DC NY RI CA CA Simpson and Yinger

178

179 167 / 2 4 / %

180 : : % 36% 1 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

181 % 24. 2% 2. 4% 25

182

183 % 4 17% 36% % % % / / / / / % 0. 3% 2% 3 10% 40%

184 % 90% 100% 65% 90% % % % % Schuman % 61. 8%

185 %

186 174

187

188

189

190

191 % Simpson and Yinger % % 80. 5% % 0. 3% Simpson and Yinger % % 39. 7% % 34. 6%

192

193

194

195

196 %

197 % 22 99% % 2000 % % % % % % %

198 % 2000 % % % % % % % a % 89. 7% 89. 8% 90. 1% % % 1. 8% 1. 5% 1. 4% % %

199 % 8. 1% % 8. 4% % 46. 6% % 15. 4% % 19. 8%

200 % % % % % % > % % 13. 2% 15. 2% 8 1.

201 % 4. 38% 8. 3% : % 34% 47. 2% 73. 2% % 31. 4% 52. 1%

202 = 1 = % % % % % % marrying up 13-3a 13-3b 20 80

203 a 13-3b

204

205 193 George Eaton Simpson 1968 Simpson continuum 14-1

206 Vander Zanden A B d1 d2 B A A B d1 d2 14-2

207 J. Milton Yinger

208 Yinger pri-

209 197 mordial attachments 2 shared interests 3 alienation from state Yinger A B 14-3 Yinger

210

211 199

212 200 21

213

214 A B A B 7 A B C D E

215 E A B A E A C C E A D D E B C B E B D C D A B C D E C

216 Griessman

217

218

219 1 2 3

220

221

222 %

223

224 212 M. Gordon

225 213 liberal pluralism outlawed corporate pluralism

226 214 10

227

228

229

230

231 219 50% 15%

232

233

234

235 e

236 224 6 Thernstrom and Thernstrom Olzak and Nagel %

237

238 b

239 227 3.

240 228

241

242

243

244

245 233 Olzak and Nagel

246 234

247 235

248 236 1

249 237 2

250

251 nationalism national identity nation-building

252 nationalism 1789 nation-state 1913

253 nationalism Anthony Smith nation Smith Weber national nation

254 national identity

255 243 continuum

256 Kohn

257 nation Ernest Gellner

258 246 nation empirical qualities value Weber 1978b 922 Behera Behera

259 247 Behera Soviet nationalism micro-nationalism Behera

260

261 Hobsbawm

262 nation na- tion nation ethnicity culture folklore nor-

263 251 malized ritualized nation

264

265 21 Samuel P. Huntington

266 Joseph Rothschild

267 255 politicized ethnicity Rothschild Sahrawi Polisario nation

268

269 257 Behera

270 258 civil society civil society

271

272 nation

273 261

274

275 263

276 264 21

277 265 hypernationalism Farnen nation-state Rex

278 Jenkins

279 oral-history methods event-history methods 3.

280 Ethnicity and Society edu. cn Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ. Ⅴ. Ⅵ. Ⅶ. Ⅷ. Ⅸ.

281 % 75%

282 The Societal Goals of Ethnic Relationships

283

284 Nation Kappas

285 C F J

286 S

287 B D C E F a 1982c a 1993c a 2002b 2000 J S

288 E A D. J D Y. F R E a b c d e a b c

289 a b a 1993b B A

290 M & I Anderson Barbara A. and Brian D. Silver 1992 Equality Efficiency and Politics in Soviet Bilingual Education Policy Rachel Denber ed. The Soviet Nationality Reader The Disintegration in Context Boulder Westview Press pp Bean F. D. and J. P. Marcum 1978 Differential Fertility and the Minority Group Status Hypothesis An Assessment and Review F. D. Bean and W. P. Frisbie eds. The Demography of Racial and Ethnic Groups New York Academic Press pp

291 279 Behera Subhakanta 1995 Nation-State Problems and Perspectives New Delhi Sanchar Publishing House. Berry Brewton 1965 Race and Ethnic Relations 3rd edition Boston Houghton Mifflin Co. Connor W The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy Princeton Princeton University Press. Farnen Russell F. ed Nationalism Ethnicity and Identity New Brunswick Transaction Publishers. Eriksen Thomas Hylland 1993 Ethnicity and Nationalism Anthropological Perspectives London Pluto Press. Feagin Joe R. and Clairece B. Feagin 1996 Racial and Ethnic Relations Fifth edition New Jersey Prentice Hall. Frisbie W. Parker and Frank D. Bean 1978 Some Issues in the Demographic Study of Racial and Ethnic Populations F. D. Bean and W. P. Frisbie eds The Demography of Racial and Ethnic Groups New York Academic Press pp Gellner Ernest 1983 Nations and Nationalism Ithaca Cornell University Press. Gladney Dru C Relational Alterity History and Anthropology Vol. 9 No Glazer Nathan and Daniel P. Moynihan eds Ethnicity Theory and Experience Cambridge Harvard University Press. Gordon Milton M Assimilation in American Life Oxford Oxford University Press. Gordon Milton M Towards a General Theory of Racial and Ethnic Group Relations N. Glazer and D. P. Moynihan eds. Ethnicity Theory and Experience Cambridge Harvard University Press pp Gordon Milton M Models of Pluralism the New American Dilemma Annals of the A- merican Academy of Political and Social Science Vol. 454 March Griessman B. Eugene 1975 Minorities A Text with Readings in Inter-group Relations Hinsdale Illinois The Dryden Press. Hechter M Internal Colonialism Berkeley University of California Press. Hobsbawm Eric J Nations and Nationalism Since 1780 Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Horowitz Donald L Ethnic Identity N. Glazer and D. P. Moynihan eds Ethnicity Theory and Experience Cambridge Harvard University Press pp Horowitz Donald L Ethnic Groups in Conflicts Berkeley University of California Press. Jenkins Richard 1986 Social Anthropological Models of Inter-ethnic Relations J Rex and D. Mason eds. Theories of Race and Ethnic Relations New York Cambridge University Press pp

292 280 Jensen Leif 2001 The Demographic Diversity of Immigrants and Their Children Ruben G. Rumbaut and Alejandro Portes eds. Ethnicities Children of Immigrants in America Berkeley University of California Press pp Kohn Hans 1962 The Age of Nationalism the First Era of Global History New York Harper & Brothers. Olzak Susan and Joane Nagel eds Competitive Ethnic Relations New York The Academic Press. Parsons Talcott 1975 Some Theoretical Considerations on the Nature and Trends of Change of Ethnicity N. Glazer and D. P. Moynihan eds. Ethnicity Theory and Experience Cambridge Harvard University Press pp Portes Alejandro and Ruben G. Rumbaut 2001 Legacies The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation Berkeley University of California Press. Rex John 1986 The Role of Class Analysis in the Study of Race Relations-a Weberian Perspective John Rex and David Mason eds. Theories of Race and Ethnic Relations Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp Rex John 1995 Ethnic Identity and the Nation State The Political Sociology of Multi-Cultural Societies Social Identities Vol. 1 No Rothschild Joseph 1981 Ethnopolitics A Conceptual Framework New York Columbia University Press. Schuman Howard et al. eds Racial Attitudes in America Trends and Interpretations revises edition Cambridge Harvard University Press. Simpson George E Assimilation The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences New York Macmillan and Free Press pp Simpson George E and J. Milton Yinger 1985 Racial and Cultural Minorities An Analysis of Prejudice and Discrimination fifth edition New York Plenum Press. Smith Anthony D National Identity Reno University of Nevada Press. Sullivan T. A Racial-ethnic Differences in Labor Force Participation F. Dean and W. Frisbie eds. The Demography of Racial and Ethnic Groups New York Academic Press pp Sutton G. F Mortality Differences by Race and Sex Consequences for Families F. D. Bean and W. P. Frisbie eds. The Demography of Racial and Ethnic Groups New York Academic Press pp Sweet James A Indicators of Family and Household Structure of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States F. D. Bean and W. P. Frisbie eds. The Demography of Racial and Ethnic Groups New York Academic Press pp Taeuber K. E. and A. F. Taeuber 1965 Negroes in Cities. Chicago Aldine Publishing Compa-

293 281 ny. Thernstrom Abigail and Stephan Thernstrom eds Beyond the Color Line New Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America Stanford Hoover Institution Press. Tischler Henry L. and Brewton Berry 1985 Race and Ethnic Relations Fourth edition Sundbury Stratton and Forbes Publishing Com. Weber Max 1946 From Max Weber Essays in Sociology Translated and edited by H. H. Gerth and C. W. Mills Oxford Oxford University Press. Weber Max 1978a 1978b Economy and Society Vol. 1 and 2 edited by G. Roth and C. Wittich Berkeley University of California Press. Wilson F. D. and K. E. Taeuber 1978 Residential and School Segregation Some Tests of Their Association F. D. Bean and W. P. Frisbie eds. The Demography of Racial and Ethnic Groups New York Academic Press pp Yinger J. Milton 1986 Intersecting Strands in the Theorisation of Race and Ethnic Relations John Rex and David Mason eds. Theories of Race and Ethnic Relations New York Cambridge University Press pp Zanden J. W. Vander 1983 American Minority Relations Fourth Edition New York Alfred A. Knopf.

数量优势下的恐惧

数量优势下的恐惧 SOCIOLOGY OF ETHNICITY 8,9 1997 9-10 Association of Sociology of Ethnicity, Sociology Society of China Institute of Sociology and Anthropology, Peking University 1993 1926 11/12 1995 26 1996 2 18 self-assertion