2011 珉 2

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1 :30 09:00 09:00 09:10 09:10 11:00 11:00 11:10 A107 A105 A A 11:10 12:10 B B 12:10 13:30 C C 13:30 14:30 D D 14:30 14:50 A107 A 14:50 15:50 B 珉 15:50 16:00 16:00 17:00 1

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74 Developmental Delay L. P. Ullmann & L. Krasner Case Studies in Behavior Modification shaping attention 2006

75 Alberto&Troutman,1995;Webber&Scheuermann,1991 Vinson Receptive language Expressive language 2001 Bloom1978 form content usage

76 Palmer & Yantis

77 shared reading developmentally appropriate Winter

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79 N 2011 S 2 33

80 U pangcah kaku. mada pangcah 2007

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85 archival records interviews focused 4. participant observation LeCompte LeCompte1993 Patton

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97 2011 Alberto, P. A., & Troutman, A. C. (1995). Applied behavior analysis for teachers (4 th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall. Palmer, J. M., & Yantis, P. A. (1990). Survey of communication disorders. Baltimore: Williams& Wilkins. Vinson, B. P. (1999). Language disorders across the lifespan: An introduction. SanDiego, CA: Singular. Winter, R. (1995). Learning from experience: Principles and practice in actionresearch. London:Falmer. Webber, J., & Scheuermann, B. (1991). Managing behavior problems: Accentuate the positive and eliminate negative. Teaching Exceptional Children, 24(1),

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99 Hurlock Erickson, 1963Asher & Gottman, 1981Schneider et al., 1989Maccoby, 1992 Feldman, R. & Masalha, S., Pavri & Luftig, Levine Elzey1969 California Preschool Social Competence ScaleCPSCS Bredekamp & Copple, 1997; Rushton,

100 2011 Vygotsky sociocultural theory Kantor, Elgas, & Fernie, 1993; Rose-Krasnor, social competence 1992 Gottman, Gonso, & Schuler, 1976Oden & Asher, 1977Putallaz, & Gottman, 1981Asher, 1983 Guralnick, 1990 Katz & McClellan, Putallaz Gottman1981Asher1983Dodge relevance 2 responsiveness 3 time benefit Asher, Levine Elzey1969 California Preschool Social Competence ScaleCPSCS 1996 Dodge

101 2011 Greenspan Dodge Oppenheimer, 1989Dodge1983 problematic task unconscious influence processing of social information behavior displayed evaluation by others Dodge Dodge, McClaskey, & Feldman, 1985 Oppenheimer, 1989 Sullivan, 1953Hartup, 1964 GottmanGonso Schuler1976Oden Asher1977 Levine Elzey1969 California Preschool Social Competence ScaleCPSCS Levine Elzey Dodge

102 Likert % 787

103 Cronbach's a 24 Kaiser eigen value 1 Oblimin % Cronbach's Alpha

104 Cronbach's Alpha % Cronbach's Alpha N=

105

106

107 N=

108 % Vygotsky Kantor, Elgas, & Fernie, 1993; Rose-Krasnor,

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110 NSC H NSC H Asher, S. R. (1983). Social competence and peer status: Recent advances and future directions. Child Development, 54(6), Bredekamp, S. & Copple, C. (Eds.) (1997). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs. Washington, D.C.: NAEYC. Dodge, K. A. (1983). Behavioral antecedents of peer social status. Child Development, 54,

111 2011 Dodge, K. A., McClaskey, C. L., & Feldman, E. (1985). A situational approach to the assessment of social competence in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, Feldman, R. & Masalha, S. (2010). Parent child and triadic antecedents of children s social competence: Cultural specificity, shared process. Developmental Psychology, 46(2), Gottman, J. M., Gonso, J., & Schuler, P. (1976). Teaching social skills to isolated children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 4, Guralnick, M. J. (1990). Social competence and early intervention. Journal of Early Intervention, 14(1), Hartup, W. W. (1964). Friendship status and the effectiveness of peers as reinforcing agents. Journal of experimental child psychology, 1, Kantor, R., Elgas, P. M., & Fernie, D. E. (1993). Cultural knowledge and social competence within a preschool peer cultural group. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 8(3), Katz, L. G., & McClellan, D. E. (1997). Fostering children s social competence: The teacher s role. Washington, DC: NAEYC. Levine, S., Elzey, F.F., & Lewis, M. (1969). California Preschool Social Competency Scale. CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Oden, S., & Asher, S. R. (1977). Coaching children in social skills for friendship making. Child Development, 48, Oppenheimer, L. (1989). The nature of social action: Social competence versus social conformism. In B.H. Schneider, G. Attili, J. Nadel, & R.P. Weissberg (Eds.), Social competence in developmental perspective (pp ). Netherlands: Kluwer Academic. Pavri, S. & Luftig, R. L. (2000). The social face of inclusive education: Are students with learning disabilities really included in the classroom? Preventing School Failure, 45(1), Putallaz, M. & Gottman, J. M. (1981). An interactional model of children's entry in to peer groups. Child Development, 52(3), Rose-Krasnor, L. (1997). The nature of social competence: A theoretical review. Social Development, 6(1), Rushton, S. P. (2001). Applying brain research to create developmentally appropriate learning environments. Young Children, 56(5), Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton

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113 2011 Missall, McConnell,&Cadigian, a 67

114 (Erikson) psychosocial developmental theory psychosocial theory development crisis 1989 Watson a ; Pan & Qin, 2007 Maslow a2002b ; Chiu & Chen, Atienza, Collins, & King,

115 ParWilsonLee ; Park et al., Burnout Herbert1974 MelendexGuzman a 2006b; Curtis, 2000; Taylor, 1999Curtis2000Taylor1999) b 2002a 2002bChiu & Chen, 2005) (Chiu & Chen, 2005 Agarwal & Ramaswami, 1993) ( 1996Agarwal & Ramaswami, 1993; Curtis, 2000; Taylor, 69

116 ) ( 1996Curtis, 2000 ; Taylor, 1999 ) 2004 BrewerMcMahan2003)

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118 ~ Eigenvalue Cronbach Alpha oblimin 5 1 ()

119 ~.84 73

120 Eigenvalue Cronbach Alpha oblimin BaronKenny(1986)

121 n= Baron Kenny(1986) 4 p < R p <.05 75

122 R p <.05 R

123 2011 n=342 B ß B ß B ß B ß B ß B ß * * * * * *.31.27* *.22.21* * *.26.25*.23.23* * * * * * * * * *.39.24* R *P <

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127 a 2(1) b Agarwal, S., & Ramaswami, S. N. (1993). Affective organizational commitment of salespeople: An expanded model. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 13(2), Atienza, A. A., Collins, R., & King, C. A. (2001).The mediating effects of situational control on social support and mood following a stressor: A prospective study of dementia caregivers in their natural envioronments. The Journals of Gerontology, 56(3), Brewer, E. W., & McMahan, J. (2003). Job stress and bumout among industria1 and technical teacher educators. Journal of Vocational Education Research, 28(2), Chiu, S. F., & Chen, H. L. (2005). Relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediational role of job satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(6), Curtis, A. J. (2000). Health Psychology. Boston: Routledge. Melendex, W. A., & De Guzman, R. M. (1983). Burnout: The new academic disease. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Reports, N0. 9., WashingtoN, D. C.: Association for the Study of Higher Education. Missall, K. N., McConnell, S. R., Cadigian, K. (2006). Early literacy development: Skill growth and relations between classroom variables for preschool children. Journal of Early Intervention, 29(1), Pan, X., & Qin, Q. (2007). An analysis of the relation between secondary school. Education and Society, 40(5), Park, K. O., Wilson, M. G., & Lee, M. S. (2004). Effects of Social Support at Work on Depression and Organizational Productivity. American Journal of Health Behavior, 28(5), Tay1or, S. E. (1999). Health Psychology. Boston: McGraw-Hill. 81

128 2011 1,

129 Chiu & Chen, 2005; Koys, Jsakyte & Lee, 2009

130 performance 2004 Byars & Rue, 1994 efficiency effectiveness efficacy Schermerhorn(1999) Turnley, Bolino, Lester, & Bloodgood, Equity Theory Adams

131 2011 organizational commitment Porter, Steers, Mowday, & Boulian, 1974; Steers, Meyer, Allen, & Smith, 1982 Porter et al., Porter et al., 1974; Quinones, Ford, & Teachout, 1995 Turnley Jsakyte Lee2009 job satisfaction Price, Robbins, 2001 (Black & Gregersen, 1997) ( ---) (Heskett, Johns, Loveman, Sasser, & Schlesinger, 1994; Tax & Brown, 1998) 85

132 Robbins(2001) 2006) --- ( 2004Quinones, Ford, & Teachout, 1995 (Gold, 2001) ( Turnley, et al., 2002) 2006 (2009) ( 2007Turnley et al., 2002)

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145 SEM (3) Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1997).Participative decision-making: an integration of multiple dimensions. Human Relations, 50(7), Byars, L. L, & Rue, L. W. (1994). Human resource management. Burr Ridge: IRWIN. Chiu, S. F., & Chen, H. L. (2005). Relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediational role of job satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(6), Gold, Y. (2001). Burnout: A major problem for the teaching profession. Education, 104(3), Heskett, J. L., Johns, T. O., Loveman, G. W., Sasser, W. E., & Schlesinger, L. A. (1994). Putting the service-profit chain to work. Harvard Business Review, 1(72), Jsakyte, K., & Lee, M. (2009). Organizational commitment of social workers: An exploratory study. Administration in Social Work, 33(3), Koys, D. J. (2003). How the achievement of human-resources goals drives restaurant performance. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(1), Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1982). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), Price, J. H. (1972). Handbook of organization measurement. Lexington, D. C.: Health and Company. Quinones, M. A., Ford, J. K., & Teachout, M. S. (1995 ). The relationship between work experience and job performance: A conceptual and meta-analytical review. Personnel 99

146 2011 Psychology, 48, Robbins, S. P. (2001). Orgainzational behavior: Concepts, controversies, and applications, 8 th ed. NY: Prentice Hall Inc. Steers, R. M. (1977). Antecedents and outcome of organization commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, Tax, S. S., & Brown, S. W. (1998). Recovery and learning from service failure. Sloan Management Review, 40(1), Turnley, W. H., Bolino, M. C., Lester, S. W., & Bloodgood, J. M. (2003). The impact of psychology contract fulfillment on the performance of in-role and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Management, 29,

147 Taiwan Education Panel Survey, TEPS latent growth model, LGM :

148 2011 Educational Attainment Teachman Educational Resources Teachman Teachman, Dumais, 2002Khattab, 2002; Lareau, 2002 Bierman, Torres, Domitrovich, Welsh, & Gest, 2009; Campbell, Ramey, Pungello, Sparling, & Miller-Johnson, 2002; Dearing & McCartney, 2009; Duncan, Yeung, Brooks-Gunn, & Smith, 1998 Caspi, Wright, Moffitt, & Silva, 1998; Feinstein & Bynner, 2004 Head Start Early Head Start Garces, Thomas, & Currie, 2002; Hammer, Farkas, & Maczuga, 2010 ; Lee, Brooks-Gunn, & Schnur, 1988)

149 2011 Matthew effectsbast & Reitsma, Taiwan Education Panel Survey TEPS latent growth modeling, LGM TEPS IRT-3P LGM AMOS 17.0 maximum likehood, ML Hair 1998 Hu Bentler1995 MarshBalla McDonald(1988)

150 likelihood-ratio 2 χ Normed 2 χ CFITLIIFISRMR RMSEA E1 1 E2 1 E3 1 E4 1 L2 0 L E1 1 E2 1 E3 1 E4 1 L2 0 L1 1 1 Z4 Z5 1 1 Z1 1 Z2 1 Z3 1

151 2011 Taiwan Education Panel Survey, TEPS IRT-3P 2806 Listwise Pairwise 2009 EM 1 EM 2806 TEPS W3p W3p407 3 W3p TEPS 1157 SPSS EM

152 W3p415 W3p430 Likert 4 1 W1s553a W1s554a LGM W1a113p W2a113p W3a113p W4a113p TEPS IRT-3P 2010 IRT-3P

153 2011 ( 7 ) ( 9 ) ( 11 ) ( 12 ) LGM L1 L2 2 χ 2 = df=6 χ 2 /df= LGM TEPS 107

154 2011 CFI=.951TLI=.951 IFI=.951 SRMR=.033RMSEA=.165 RMSEA CFI=.997TLI=.995 IFI=.997 SRMR=.007RMSEA= R TEPS.28 0, , , , E1 E2 E3 E , , E1 E2 E3 E

155 2011 0, , , , E1 E2 E3 E , Z , Z ,.92 Z , , , ,.37 1 Z Z1 0,

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157 R Caspi et al., 1998; Feinstein & Bynner,

158 Early Head Start Early Head Start 0-5 TEPS

159 AMOS TEPS /12/ pdf /12/ Bast, J., & Reitsma, P.(1997). Matthew effects in reading: A comparison of latent growth curve models and simplex models with structured means. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32(2), Bierman, K. L., Torres, M. M., Domitrovich, C. E., Welsh, J. A., & Gest, S. D.(2009). Behavioral and cognitive readiness for school: Cross-domain associations for children attending Head Start. Social Development, 18(2), Campbell, F. A., Ramey, C. T., Pungello, E. P., Sparling, J., & Miller-Johnson, S.(2002). Early childhood education: Young adult outcomes form the Abecedarian Project. Applied Developmental Science, 6, Caspi, A., Wright, B. R. E., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A.(1998). Early failure in the labor market: Childhood and adolescent predictors of unemployment in the transition to adulthood. American Sociological Review, 63, Dearing, E., & McCartney, K.(2009). Does higher quality early child care promote low-income children s math and reading achievement in middle childhood. Child Development, 80(5), Dumais, S. A.(2002). Cultural capital, gender, and school success: The role of habits. Sociology of Education, 75,

160 2011 Duncan, G. J., Yeung, W. J., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Smith, J.R.(1998). How much does childhood poverty affect the life chances of children. American Sociological Review, 63, Feinstein, L., & Bynner, J.(2004). The importance of cognitive development in middle childhood for adult socioeconomic status, mental health, and problem behavior. Child Development, 75, Garces, E., Thomas, D., & Currie, J.(2002). Longer term effects of Head Start. American Economic Review, 92, Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C.(1998). Multivariate data analysis(5 th ed). Prentice Hall International: UK. Hammer, C.S., Farkas, G., & Maczuga, S. (2010). The language and literacy development of Head Start children: A study Using the family and child experiences survey database. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 41, Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P.M.(1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle(ed.) Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications(pp.76-99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Khattab, N.(2002).Social capital, students perceptions and educational aspirations among Palestinian students in Israel. Research in Education, 68, Lareau, A.(2002). Invisible inequality: Social class and child reading in black families and white families. American Sociological Review, 67, Lee, V., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Schnur, E.(1988). Does Head Start work? A 1-year follow-up comparison of disadvantage children attending Head Start, no preschool, and other preschool programs. Developmental Psychology, 24, Marsh, H.W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P.(1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103, Teachman, D.J.1987.Family background,education resources,and educational attainment. American Sociological Review, 52,

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162 2011 ( )

163 2011 ( 2010) ( ) ( 2003) ( 2003) ( 1991) (Triandis,1995) ( 2003) (continuance commitment) (normal commitment) (affective commitment) (value commitment)( ) (stay commitment)( 2010) Katz(1964) (Smith, Organ, & Near, 1983) (Organ,1988) 117

164 2011 ( 2003) Smith (1983)Organ(1988) (altruism) (benefit organization) (social exchange theory) ( )(leader-member exchange) (Silverstein, Conroy, Giarrusso, & Bengtson., 2002) ( ) (Blau, 1964) (Sparrowe & Liden, 1997) (lower-quality exchange) (higher-guality exchange) (out-group) (in-group) (Deluga,1994Linden & Graen,1980) (Graen & Scandura, 1987) (trust) (liking) ( 2009) ( 2008) (Individual orientation) (Social orientation) Tansey, Michael, Hyman, & Lyndon. (1994) Chew Putti(1995) (attributes) (factors) ( ) ( 2010Chiu & Chen, 2005; Iwanicki, 1983; Sneed & Herman, 1990) (Huang & Hsiao, 2007) (Chiu & Chen, 2005) 118

165 (2010) ( ) ( 2010) (Deluga,1994) (2010) (2006) 16 (2010) (2009) (1998) Allen Meyer(1993) Richers(1985) (2010) (2007) ( 2009) 参

166 ( ) % SPSS16.0 () ( ) 1. (05= 615= 16 = ) (=0 = =18 ) () 8. () 1. 7 ( ) 51 ( ) 69.02% % 50% Cronbach's Alpha ( ) % Cronbach's Alpha ( ) 51 9 ( ) 120

167 % 74.29% %74.29% 50% Cronbach's Alpha ( ) () %56.77% oblimin %56.77% 50% Cronbach's Alpha ( ) 121

168 ( ) % 74.29% Cronbach's Alpha

169 % 56.77% Cronbach's Alpha SPSS16.0 BaronKenny(1986) (1) (2) (3) (4) (less)

170 2011 (1) 2 R Square (1) (2) (1) (β ) (2)

171 (1) (2) (1) (β ) (1) (2) (1) (β ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (less)

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173 2011 (-) (-) (-) (-) B β B β B Β B β B β B β B β B β B β B β B β B β B β ( ) *.196* *.180* *.162*.625*.214* *.197* *.197* *.166* *.162* *.167* ( ) *.146* *.138* *.210* * -.167* *.140* ( ) * -.232* * -.218* -.470* -.183* -.634* -.253* * -.239*.563*.224* * -.224* * -.287*.515*.228* * -.231* * -.290* * -.227* * 2.38* R *p<

174 () () (1) (2) (3) (4) () (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ( Allen&Meyer,1993;Richers,1985 (2010)ChiuChen(2005)Huang Hsiao(2007) Chew Putti(1995)

175 () () 129

176 Allen, N. J., Meyer, J. P. (1993). Organizational commitment: Evidence of career stage effects. Journal of Business Research, 29, Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley. Chiu, S. F., & Chen, H. L. (2005). Relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediational role of job satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(6), Chew, I. K. H. & Putti, J. (1995). Relationship on work related values of singaporean and japanese managers in singapore. Human Relations, 48, Graen, G. B., & Scandura, T. A. (1987). Toward a Psychology of Dyadic Organizing. In Research in Organizational Behavior, edited by Staw B. M. & Cummings L. L., 9, Huang, T. C., & Hsiao, W. J. (2007). The causal relationship between job satisfaction and organization commitment. Social Behavior and Personality, 35(9), Iwanicki, E. F. (1983). Toward understanding and alleviating teacher burnout. Theory Into Practice, 22(1), Katz, D. (1964). The motivational basis of organizational behavior. Behavioral Science, 9, Meglino, B. M., Ravlin, E. C., Adkins, C. L. (1992). The measurement of work value congruence: A field study comparison. Journal of Management, 18(1), Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. 130

177 2011 Lexington, MA :Lexington Books. Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983).Organizational citizenship behavior: It s nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied psychology, 68, Sneed, J., & Herman, C. M. (1990). Influence of job characteristics and organizational commitment on job satisfaction. Journal of the American Association, 90(8), Silverstein, M. S., Conroy, H. J., Giarrusso, W. R., & Bengtson.V. L. (2002).Reciprocity in Parent-Child Relations over the Adult Life Course. The Journal of Gerontology 57B(1),3-13. Sparrowe, R., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Process and Structure in Leader-Member Exchange. Academy of management Review. 22(2), Triandis, H.C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder,CA: Westview Press. Tansey, R., Michael, G. B., Hyman, R. D., & Lyndon, E. Jr. (1994). Personal Moral Philosophies and the Moral Judgments of Salespeople. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 14(1),

178

179 ) % ( 2008)

180 2011 () 1898 G.StanleyHall Being an Only Child is a disease in it self. Sandler (2010)

181 () 2005 / / / () 1993 () () Kevin Leman

182 M () 1995 () 2010 () ( ) 136

183 MilevskySchlechterNetter Falb Polit 1986 () deprivation lack of siblings benefit FalboPolit,1986; 137

184 2011 Hartup,1974 Dunn % Shantz,1983; Hartup,1990 scial cognition Dunn,1983; FalboPoston, 1993 Anna Frued justice () uniquenness 2006 () parental-child relationship Frued PolitFalbo,1987 Getwirtz1965 Falbo % 7% 3%2.7% 1991 Falbo,1983FalboPolit, Falbo, et al., 1986PostonFalbo,

185 2011 Robert, Smolowe lin(1985) Pampered Child Syndrome Frank, :

186 2011 叁 A B C

187 2011 () 1. A B C () 1. (1) A B 4 C (2) A B C 141

188 2011 () 1. A B C () 1. A B C 2. A B C () 1. A B C A 142

189 2011 C 10 () 1. A B C 2. A B C 3. A 4. A B 5. B () 1. (1) A C (2) A B C 143

190 2011 (3) A B C (4) B C (5) B (6) B () 1. A B C 2. (1) A B C ( 2) C ( 3) A C ( 4) B 144

191 2011 () 1. (1) C 10 ( 2) A B C ( 3) A B (4) A B (5) B 2. A B C () 1. B C 2. A A 145

192 2011 NetterFalbPolit, 1986 A C B 3 (1993) Falbo et al.,(1989) 2006 B 1994 ( 1998) (2005 (1998 B 146

193 2011 B 1996 () () 147

194 2011 (1998) : (2010) : (2010) : (2010) : (2010) : (2009) (2006) () (2004)C.White (The Seven Common Sins of Parenting an Only Child) (2002) (2006) (2006) ( ) A13 (2007) (1998) (2000) (2005) : (2008) 18 (1994) (2005) (2005) 148

195 (2005) (2009) (2008) (2008) (2009) (2001),, (1999) : : (2002) - (1998) (1995) (2008) (2010) (2007) (1986) - 28 (1)7-12 (1993) - 4 (1)79-81 (2007) (2006) - (2005) (2004) (2006) (2010)

196 2011 (1998) (2007) Dunn, J. (1983). Sibling relationships in early childhood.child Development, 54, Frank, C. (2000). Only, not lonely. Parenting,14 (8), Falbo, T. & Poston, D.L. (1993). The academic, personality, and physical outcome of only children in china. Child Development, 64, Falbo, T. (1976). The Advocacy or Avoidance of Only Children. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED165073). Falbo, T. (1977).The only child: a review. Journal of Individual Psychology,33, Falbo, T. (1983). The Only Child family in Perspective. Paper presented at the annual convention of the southwesterrn psychological association, 29, San Antonio, TX, April, (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED236504). Falbo, T. & Polit, D.F. (1986). Quantitative review of the only child literature: research evidence and theory development. Psychological Bulletin, 100 (2), Getwirtz,J. L. (1965) The course of infant smiling in in four child-rearing enveronments in Isrel. In B. M. Foss(Ed),Determinants of infant behavior 111.London:Methuen. Hartup, W. W. (1974). Aggression in childhooddevelopmental perspectives. American Psychologist, 29, Hartup, W. W., & Moore, S. G. (1990).Early peer relations: Developmental significance and prognostic implications. Early Childhood Research Quarterly,5, Kevin, L.(1998).The New Brith Order BookWhy You Are the Way You Are. Revied Edition. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED435450). Poston, D. L. & Falbo, T. (1990). Academic performance and personality traits of chinese children: Onlies versus others. The American Journal of Sociology, 96 (2), Roberts, L. C.,& Blanton, P. W. (2001). I always knew mom and dad loved me best: Experiences of only children. The Journal of Individual Psychology,57(2), Shant(1983). Social cognition. In J. H. Flavell & E. M. MarkmanEds., Handbook of Child Psychology, Cognitive Development, 4th edition, ( 3), New York: Wiley. 150

197 2011 Smolowe, J. & Lin, W A rash of Little Emperors. Newsweek, 18, 16. Sandler, L. (2010). The Only Child: Debunking the Myths. Time, 176 (3), Milevsky, A., Schlechter, M., Netter, S., & Keehn, D. (2007). Maternal and paternal parenting styles in adolescents: Associations with self-esteem, depression and life-satisfaction. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16(1),

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199

200 (meta-analysis)

201 Glass(1976) (an analysis of analyses) GayMills Airasian(2006) 2007 (controversy) (Glass, 1976) STS 1

202 STS

203 (secondary data) (primary data)

204 % 2.3% % 158

205 2011 % % (5 ) % % % % / % % % % % 159

206 2011 % % % % % % % %

207 / % 37.4% % % % % / % % % %

208 2011 % % % % % % 35.2% 9.9% 34.1% % % % % %

209 2011 % % % % % 3 % % % 3 3 () 163

210 ( ) ( ) % ( ) 164

211 () () /

212 / %

213 (R=.82) y=0.829x / % % 167

214 % % % % % % % % % % % 168

215 /

216

217

218 (1) ~

219

220 David Wiesner ~ (ATDE) 2010

221 Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W.(2006). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications (8th ed). New Jersey: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall. Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5, 3-8. Retrieved April, 12, 2011, from ERIC database (EJ149191) 175

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236 珉 65% (39 )22% (14 )8% (7 (Situated Instruction Theory) BrownCollins Duguid (1989) (Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning) 2002BrownCollins & Duguid1989) 1. (Assistant role of teachers) 2. (Authentic tasks) 3. (Professional cognitive apprenticeship)

237 4. (Technological anchored instruction) (anchor) 5. (Seamless assessment) 6. (Collaborative social interaction) (Collaborative social interaction) 7. (Diverse comprehensive intelligence) SWOTS SWOTS

238 SWOTS currere run

239

240

241 蔴 蔴

242

243

244

245

246 闗 ( ) (1999)

247 (2002) (1999) Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1),