70mm遥 图 3 中浅色在上层袁深色在下层袁建成的模型如图 5 所示遥 通过对仿真环境设置边界条件尧激励方式袁模型建立和求解设置 等袁进行仿真计算袁设计出天线模型遥 2.4 天线性能仿真测量 S 参数设计与测试 的实部为 46.46袁表示了部分的能量发热损耗袁虚部为 2.03袁表示有小

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1 射频能量自捕获天线系统研究 张 宇 侯宏录 张宁强 严 博 习 于 阮世涛 (西安工业大学 光电工程学院袁陕西 西安 ) 揖摘 要铱射频能量自捕获天线系统设计一种对高频电磁信号能量高效响应天线袁可应用与能量自捕获电源方案的整体设计遥 研究射频能 量自捕获技术袁并对各种类型接收天线的性能进行分析袁通过软件仿真优化设计一种性能稳定高效的偶极子天线遥 对样品天线的性能测试显 示袁该天线在电磁环境下瞬间响应袁并有微弱电流输出袁储能模块中能量有所增加遥 结果显示该天线可以满足高频信号能量自捕获电源方案中 天线的要求遥 揖关键词铱能量自捕获电源曰阵列天线曰偶极子天线曰HFSS 0 引言 随着无线传感网络的发展自供能电源成为研究的热点袁在基于高 频信号能量自捕获电源系统中设计一种高效接收天线就成为必要袁该 天线可以提供一个较高的初级电压袁为能量自捕获电源的设计提供了 保障遥 2010 年日本 Hiroshi Nishimoto 尝试收集电视信号能量给 WSN 供 电遥 2011 年袁美国乔治亚理工学院将撷取自半公里远的电视发射台电 磁能量袁驱动温度传感器遥 2013 年袁加拿大卡尔顿大学对无线传感器 网络节点整体及各模块做出了理论介绍[1]遥 国内的研究都处于理论阶 段遥 2012 年浙江大学在其硕士论文提出了一套无线传感器网络节点 的硬件设计方案[2]遥 本文设计一种高效的接收天线袁用于收集电磁波的 能量袁并通过超级电容或电池等存储器件将能量存储起来袁为能量自 捕获电源提供能量输入遥 加上智能电源管理模块袁能为低功耗无线传 感器网络节点供电遥 通过软件仿真设计了一种偶极子天线袁并对天线 样品测试袁其结果与预期符合袁达到设计目的遥 1 系统总体方案 如图 1 所示为天线系统设计框图,先对环境中电磁波进行能量密 度分析,选择适合选定电磁信号频率的接收天线类型,对天线参数进行 计算机仿真,然后制作天线样品,再在整个电源系统中进行测试,进一 步进行优化遥 图 1 系统方案框图 2 天线系统设计 2.1 环境电磁波谱分析 通过分析数百 khz 的 AM 广播信号袁 几十 MHz 的 FM 广播信号袁 数百 MHz 的 TV 信号袁可以确定能量密度较高的波段约为 900MHz 和 1800MHz 的 GSM 信号袁2.4GHz 的 ISM 信号袁 最大能量密度值出现在 1.8GHz-1.9GHz 频段袁如图 2 所示[3]遥 图 3 不同时刻环境中电磁能量密度 微带阵列天线 阵列天线的构成是阵列形式的袁根据天线馈电电流尧间距尧电长度 等不同参数来构成阵列袁以获取最好的辐射方向性袁这就是阵列天线 的优点,它可以根据需要来调节辐射的方向性能[4]遥 八木天线 八木天线的优点是它有很好的方向性袁 较偶极天线有高的增益遥 用它来测向尧远距离通信效果特别好遥 再配上仰角和方位旋转控制装 置袁就可以与包括空间飞行器在内的各个方向上的电台联络遥 偶极子天线 偶极子天线是用来发射和接收固定频率信号的一种天线遥 SCHWARZBECK 偶极子天线的频 率 范围 由 30MHz~4GHz遥 其中 的 VHAP 和 UHAP 是一套精确偶极子天线袁特别适用于场地衰减和天线 系数的测量[5]遥 2.3 软件仿真 根据 HFSS 对天线各项参数进行仿真验证的流程与方法袁从设计 环境的搭建到软件下载袁从创建工程文件尧天线模型到仿真结果输出尧 优化袁对天线结构进行了详细的分析与设计[6]遥 在 HFSS 中创建如图 4 所示的印刷半波偶极子天线参数化模型袁 仿真分析出该天线模型的性能遥 分别分析偶极子的长度尧三角形的大 小和传输线的长度对天线性能的影响遥 图 2 环境电磁波能量频谱图 参考不同时刻环境中电磁能量密度的分布情况如图 3袁考虑实际 中手机信号覆盖范围较广袁以及无线通信对频率的相关规定袁确定系 统工作中心频率为 915MHz遥 2.2 天线选型 图 4 印刷偶极子天线参数化模型 材质院上下金属片为铜曰基板玻璃布-环氧树脂覆铜箔板 FR-4曰介 质基板处于空气之中袁空气介质模型的长宽高分别为袁160mm,210mm, 淫基金项目院国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目渊 冤遥 31

2 70mm遥 图 3 中浅色在上层袁深色在下层袁建成的模型如图 5 所示遥 通过对仿真环境设置边界条件尧激励方式袁模型建立和求解设置 等袁进行仿真计算袁设计出天线模型遥 2.4 天线性能仿真测量 S 参数设计与测试 的实部为 46.46袁表示了部分的能量发热损耗袁虚部为 2.03袁表示有小 部分的能量的反射损耗袁整体输入阻抗 Zin=46.46+j2.03袁这个值已经 很接近 50 欧姆的完全匹配效果了[7] 遥 据图 8 可知袁当 L1=50mm 时阻 抗能得到很好的匹配遥 天线表面电场强度分布情况如图 9遥 图 5 HFSS 中的模型 图 8 输入阻抗曲线 S 参数是建立在入射波尧反射波关系基础上的网络参数袁以器件 端口的反射信号以及从该端口传向另一端口的信号来描述电路网络, 以表征微波网络性能遥 在各个 S 参数中袁渊图 6冤是入射端反射系数袁式 中表示入射端的反射波,表示入射端的入射波袁值越大被反射的能量 越多袁天线接收的辐射能量越少袁设计时尽量使取最小值遥 图 9 天线表面电场强度分布 图 6 回波损耗随频率变化曲线 图 7 印刷偶极子天线的立体方向图 方向图测试 图 7 为天线的立体方向图袁方向图上任意一点的角度对应了实际 辐射的角度袁而对应点的矢径对应该方向上的辐射场大小遥 因为偶极 子天线本身的最大辐射方向在垂直于振子的方向上袁所以最大辐射方 向在 Z 方向上袁而 Y 方向上辐射最小遥 输入阻抗 阻抗匹配一般分为两部分袁共轭匹配和无反射匹配袁共轭匹配是 指信号源和传输线之间的匹配袁目的是信号源有最大功率输出给传输 线遥 无反射匹配指传输线输入的能量都能被负载所吸收袁获得最大能 量利用率遥 输入阻抗体现的是负载吸收能量的能力袁为了实现阻抗匹 配袁获得最大能量利用效率袁应使输入阻抗和输入传输线的特性阻抗 相等或者尽量接近遥 从图 7 中可以得出袁在中心频率 915MHz 时袁阻抗 天线软件仿真设计结果 各项参数的优化结果为臂长 L2=63.2mm,微带线长 L1=50mm袁L3= 10mm袁L4=12mm遥 3 天线的制作 采用感光湿膜法制 PCB 的方法制作天线[8]遥 第一步 涂感光膜遥 将液体感光湿膜和稀释剂以 1:1 的比例混合 后袁用硬毛刷均匀地涂在覆铜板上遥 第二步 设计掩模板遥 掩膜板用电路设计软件 Altium Designer 直 接在 PCB 文件中绘制遥 第三步 光刻遥 光刻用紫外灯袁功率 8W,距离 5cm,时间 10~15 分 钟遥 第四步 显影遥 显影剂 10 克溶于 900ml要1000ml 水中袁显影的最 佳温度为 30益左右遥 时间为 3 分钟左右遥 第五步 刻蚀遥 刻蚀液可以用三氯化铁尧双氧水或蓝色环保刻蚀 剂袁本次使用第三种袁将刻蚀剂 190 克溶于 650ml 水中袁刻蚀时间约为 40 分钟渊用热水配液可缩短时间冤遥 第六步 脱膜遥 脱膜剂 10 克溶于 700ml 水中袁将刻蚀完全后的感 光板置于脱膜液中袁数分钟后膜变软脱落袁取出后立即用水冲洗袁膜就 可以去除干净袁表面也不会被氧化遥 第七步 镀锡遥 为了防止铜氧化袁要在铜表面镀一层锡袁本次采用 化学镀锡法袁在镀锡溶液里将覆铜板浸泡 5 分钟即可遥 焊接好天线接 口就完成了天线实物制作袁做好的天线如图 9 所示遥 图 10 偶极子天线样品 4 结论 制作的偶极子天线袁并将其与能量自捕获电源系渊下转第 33 页冤

3 运动与高血压 李 昊 1 张媛媛 2 (1.川北医学院 体育教研室袁四川 南充 曰2.西华师范大学 体育学院袁四川 南充 ) 有氧运动作为高血压的辅助治疗方式已被医学界采用多年袁其效 果也得到了较多的证实遥 而最近运动医学界正在开展有关间歇训练法 与心血管疾病和健康等方面的研究袁并取得了一定的研究成果袁笔者 将对近年来的研究进行文献综述遥 1 运动训练对血压的影响 1.1 有氧耐力运动对血压的影响 有氧运动能降低高血压患者血压袁这方面的研究大多数采用有大量 肌群参与的长时间的动力性运动袁如健走尧慢跑尧游泳尧舞蹈尧自行车以及 中国传统体育项目如气功尧太极拳尧太极剑等[1]遥 有学者研究表明袁I 级原 发性高血压患者进行中低强度的有氧运动 3 个月后袁其收缩压(SBP)尧舒 张压(DBP)明显下降渊P<0.05冤袁同时躯体症状明显改善渊P<0.05冤[2]遥 朱立新[3] 通过对 55 例青年高血压患者采用有氧运动并且运动强度达到靶心率 渊次/min冤=170(180)-年龄渊岁冤尧每周运动 5 次尧每次持续 30min袁研究表明 对青年高血压患者进行有计划的运动干预袁在降低血压尧提高血压控制 率尧改善自身健康状况方面有明显效果遥 李宁榕等[4]通过对 55 例轻中度 EH 患者进行 12 周有氧运动干预研究发现有氧运动有益于降压尧提高生 活质量遥 何友平尧柴凤云等[5-6]研究表明太极拳运动对原发性高血压有明 显的降低血压作用袁太极拳的运动特性对大脑皮层以良好的刺激袁调整 中枢神经系统机能活动能力袁提高血浆一氧化氮浓度袁促进一氧化氮的 合成与释放袁增加血液循环系统功能[7]遥 研究人员观察骑车袁健走袁太极袁 游泳等项目对血压的影响袁发现这些项目的运动对原发性高血压人群和 正常人的血压都有良好影响[8]遥 1.2 间歇运动对血压的影响 野间歇训练法冶即院间歇运动袁是 20 世纪 40 年代袁德国人 Gaish 在 Pirca 的理论基础上创造出来的遥 间歇训练法是指院对动作结构和负荷 强度尧间歇时间提出严格的要求袁以使机体处于不完全恢复状态下袁反 复进行练习的方法遥 这种练习方法一直被用来锻炼运动员的心血管功 能及其机体的耐酸能力袁刘向辉等[9]研究认为长期的间歇运动可诱导 自发性高血压大鼠心肌组织垂体中叶素及其受体系统的高水平表达袁 很可能是高血压降血压效应的重要的调控机制之一遥 并且指出高强度 间歇运动和有氧运动均能够降低血压的作用袁并且其降压幅度要高于 有氧运动袁 这有可能是由于间歇运动的强度要高于有氧运动的原因遥 但是我们也要看到间歇运动的强度较大袁其是否适用于中老年患者还 有待商榷遥 2 运动降压机制 运动降低 EH 的可能机制概括为[6-7]院渊1冤降低交感神经兴奋性袁提 高迷走神经兴奋性袁缓解小动脉痉挛袁降低血压遥 渊2冤调整激素分泌水 平袁提高心房利钠肽水平袁降低胰岛素水平袁从而减少血容量袁降低血 浆去甲肾上腺素水平袁起到调整血压作用遥 渊3冤调整血管内皮细胞生成 的活性物质袁如血浆内皮素和 NO 水平袁内皮素是血管内皮细胞分泌 的最强的缩血管活性物质之一袁NO 是一种很强的舒血管物质袁长期有 氧运动可增加一氧化氮的分泌袁抑制内皮素的分泌袁有利于降低血管 紧张度袁降低外周阻力遥 渊4冤活动后肌肉血管扩张袁毛细血管密度或数 量增加袁血液循环和代谢改善袁总外周阻力减低袁从而有利于降低血 压袁特别是 DBP遥渊5冤运动中一过性血压增高可作用于大脑皮质和皮质 下血管运动中枢袁重新调定机体血压调控水平袁使运动后血压能够平 衡在较低的水平遥 渊6冤改善高血压发病的危险因素袁运动训练可以改善 血液循环袁控制体重袁降低血脂袁促进机体代谢袁提高机体应激处理能 力袁改善不良情绪袁促进心理建设遥 3 运动方式的选择 在运动方式的选择上应当进行区别对待的原则袁中青年患者在进 行一定时间的有氧运动后袁可以进行一定的间歇运动袁而对于老年患 者袁应以中小强度的有氧运动为主袁以免在运动中受伤或出现意外事 故遥 故笔者建议院渊1冤运动强度院以中尧低强度为主的有氧运动袁本人最 大心率的 60%-75%遥 渊2冤运动时间院要求运动时间持续 45-60min/次袁 其中包括 15-20min 的热身运动和 5-10min 的整理运动遥 如完成有困 难袁可小量尧短时分次完成袁累计达到总的运动量和时间袁亦可产生相 同效果遥 渊3冤运动频率院3 次/周以上的运动效果相同遥 揖参考文献铱 咱员暂肖夕君.运动疗法对原发性高血压的适用原则及其应用实践[J].中国临床康 复袁2005袁9渊27冤院 咱圆暂刘香兰袁章成袁隋妍.有氧运动防治高血压机制的探讨[J].山东体育科技袁 2006袁28渊3冤院 咱猿暂朱立新.社区青年高血压运动干预中期效果分析[J].临床与实践袁2012袁16 渊23冤院 咱源暂李宁榕袁蔡国华袁等.青少年高血压的临床特点与运动干预作用[J].中国心血 管杂志袁2006袁11渊2冤院 咱缘暂何友平袁吕品.太极拳运动对原发性高血压作用机制[J].安徽师范大学学报袁 2012袁35渊1冤院 咱远暂柴凤云.运动疗法对 24 例原发性高血压患者的影响[J].临床研究袁2013袁11 渊20冤院194. 咱苑暂刘俊玲袁张冰.原发性高血压运动处方研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志袁2005袁24 渊3冤院357. 咱愿暂肖夕君.不同强度运动对玉级高血压患者疗效的研究[J].中国康复医学杂志袁 2005袁20渊5冤院 咱怨暂刘向辉袁郝选明.间歇运动对自发性高血压大鼠的心功能及心肌 IMD 受体系 统的影响[J].体育科学袁2011袁31渊2冤院 咱责任编辑院汤静暂 淫基金项目院川北医学院科研发展计划青年项目(CBY11-A-QN12)遥 作者简介院李昊(1980要)袁男袁四川南充人袁硕士袁讲师袁研究方向为运动与健康遥 渊上接第 32 页冤统结合袁在自然环境中对能量自捕获电源系统测试袁实 验结果表明偶极子天线对能量自捕获电源可提供 6V 电压和能量输 入袁测试验证了该天线可以满足射频能量自捕获系?统对输入能量的 要求遥 揖参考文献铱 咱员暂Harry Ostaffe袁Bharat Rawal.射频能量采集技术新发展[OL].佳工机电网袁2011. 咱圆暂江发昌.无线充电传感器网络系统及应用[D] 咱猿暂D.BOUCHOUICHA,F.DUPONT,M.LATRACH,L.VENTURA.Ambient RF Energy Harvesting[J].STMicroelectronics,2010: 咱源暂张钧袁刘克诚袁张贤铎袁赫祟骏.微带天线理论与工程[M].北京院国防工业出 版袁1988. 咱缘暂章文勋.天线[M].3 版.电子工业出版社袁2004. 咱远暂李明洋.HFSS 电磁仿真设计应用详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社袁2010. 咱苑暂赵姚同,周稀朗.微波技术与天线[M].3 版.南京院东南大学出版社袁2003. 咱愿暂曾峰袁巩海洪袁曾波.印刷电路板渊PCB冤设计与制作[M].2 版 咱责任编辑院汤静暂 33

4 易迪拓培训 专注于微波 射频 天线设计人才的培养网址 : 如何学习天线设计 天线设计理论晦涩高深, 让许多工程师望而却步, 然而实际工程或实际工作中在设计天线时却很少用到这些高深晦涩的理论 实际上, 我们只需要懂得最基本的天线和射频基础知识, 借助于 HFSS CST 软件或者测试仪器就可以设计出工作性能良好的各类天线 易迪拓培训 ( 专注于微波射频和天线设计人才的培养, 推出了一系列天线设计培训视频课程 我们的视频培训课程, 化繁为简, 直观易学, 可以帮助您快速学习掌握天线设计的真谛, 让天线设计不再难 HFSS 天线设计培训课程套装套装包含 6 门视频课程和 1 本图书, 课程从基础讲起, 内容由浅入深, 理论介绍和实际操作讲解相结合, 全面系统的讲解了 HFSS 天线设计的全过程 是国内最全面 最专业的 HFSS 天线设计课程, 可以帮助你快速学习掌握如何使用 HFSS 软件进行天线设计, 让天线设计不再难 课程网址 : CST 天线设计视频培训课程套装套装包含 5 门视频培训课程, 由经验丰富的专家授课, 旨在帮助您从零开始, 全面系统地学习掌握 CST 微波工作室的功能应用和使用 CST 微波工作室进行天线设计实际过程和具体操作 视频课程, 边操作边讲解, 直观易学 ; 购买套装同时赠送 3 个月在线答疑, 帮您解答学习中遇到的问题, 让您学习无忧 详情浏览 : MHz NFC/RFID 线圈天线设计培训课程套装套装包含 4 门视频培训课程, 培训将 13.56MHz 线圈天线设计原理和仿真设计实践相结合, 全面系统地讲解了 13.56MHz 线圈天线的工作原理 设计方法 设计考量以及使用 HFSS 和 CST 仿真分析线圈天线的具体操作, 同时还介绍了 13.56MHz 线圈天线匹配电路的设计和调试 通过该套课程的学习, 可以帮助您快速学习掌握 13.56MHz 线圈天线及其匹配电路的原理 设计和调试 详情浏览 :

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