第二篇是 Prospective study of pregnancy outcomes after parental cell phone exposure: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, by Baste V, Oftedal G, M

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1 射频工程师容易生女儿? 午休的时候我在 Google Scholar 上扒各种 paper, 同事问我 : 你这是要重新去读个 Ph.D 么? 我 说 : 假如我读个 Ph.D 能消灭掉微信上的各种胡说八道, 那让我自费去读我都愿意 前几天朋友从微信上转给我一篇文章, 大意是 微波工程师容易生女儿, 据说 ( 只能是据说 ) 是某个人打电话问他认识的微波射频工程师, 然后算了几个百分比, 得出一个结论 : 微波射频界人士生女儿的几率确实比较大 然后还给了点 生物学 上的解释 接触不同的辐射强度会在不同程度上影响体内酸碱值及染色体平衡, 或有可能导致生育性别概率倾斜 不知道你们看到这个 解释 的第一感觉是什么, 我的第一感觉是 : 八成是百度出来的, 敢情 是哪个贴吧里传出来的都说不准 其实我看他这个结论都是糊里糊涂, 先假设他的数据是对的吧, 那也分明可以看到 3GHz 以内频段 的生男孩概率高达 82%, 2W 功率以内 的生男孩概率高达 65%, 工作 8 年以上 的生男孩概率高达 69% 既没有总体的相关性, 也没有分组的数量成分比, 看上去就是拍完脑袋之后用 Excel 拉了一遍数据 没办法, 如果你想找点靠谱的内容, 还是得要找英文版的 我现在美国, 我能上 Google Scholar 以下内容, 请原谅我用大量原文引用并做繁冗的推理, 看不下去的直接跳过去看结论即可 只 是我不愿意用 翻了几篇论文 这种不靠谱的语言来搪塞各位, 而且也给一小部分真想深究一 下的同仁们提供线索 不多废话, 直接上 Google 用 electromagnetic radiation offspring sex ratio 或者 electromagnetic radiation offspring gender ratio 作为关键词在 Google Scholar 中搜索, 引用率最高的有四篇文章 : 第一篇是 Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; male infertility and sex ratio of offspringvalborg, by Baste, Trond Riise, Bente E.Moen,2008 年的文章

2 第二篇是 Prospective study of pregnancy outcomes after parental cell phone exposure: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, by Baste V, Oftedal G, Mollerlokken OJ, Mild KH, Moen BE,2015 年的文章, 与第一篇的第一作者相同 第二篇是 The sex ratios of offspring of people exposed to non-ionising radiation, by W H James,1997 年的文章 第四篇是 Gender ratio of offspring and exposure to shortwave radiation among female physiotherapists, by Etienne Gubéran, Aldo Campana, Pierre Faval, Martine Gubéran, Peter M Sweetnam, Jan WN Tuyn and Massimo Usel,1994 年的文章 第五篇是 Gender-specific reproductive outcome and exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic radiation among physiotherapists, by Larsen AI1, Olsen J, Svane O,1991 年的文章 在开始枯燥的分析之前先插一句 : 以上这些信息即便上不了 Google 也可以从美国国家生物技术信息中心网站 得到 平心而论, 搜索引擎没有 Google 也可以用 Bing, 英文也不难懂, 即便专业术语也可以查词典 关键在于你是想研究一下事实, 还是想哗众取宠 以上五篇 paper, 前三篇针对男性, 后两篇针对女性, 事实上如果仔细分辨 Google Scholar 上 基于 radiation offspring sex ratio 搜索到的内容, 大部分是针对男性的 这是有生物学上的 道理的, 先让我这个 半个生物学本科生 解释一下 : 哺乳动物 ( 当然包括我们人类 ) 的生殖细胞是进行减数分裂, 人类男性含有一对 XY 染色体而女性则是一对 XX 染色体 这就是人类的性别决定 男性精子的产生过程中, 经减数分裂产生两类精子 : 只含 X 染色体的和只含 Y 染色体的, 相比之下它的配对方 女性的卵子总是只有 X 染色体 所以男女的后代的性别是由 最终胜利的 那个精子究竟是含 X 染色体的还是含 Y 染色体的决定 说白了, 这是 大老爷们的事儿 ( 宋丹丹语 ) 所以, 我们可以粗浅的分析一下辐射对后代性别的可能影响有哪些 : 1. 影响男性成活精子中含 X 和含 Y 的比例, 或者两者精子活力的区别, 譬如可能造成含 X 的 精子更容易成活或者活力更强, 抑或反之

3 2. 影响 XX 型受精卵和 XY 型受精卵的成活几率 由于绝大多数女性一次排卵只有一个, 只有 极少见的情况出现排卵两个 ( 异卵双生 ), 所以产生这种影响的概率很低很低 3. 影响 XX 型胎儿 ( 其实就是女宝宝 ) 和 XY 型胎儿 ( 其实就是男宝宝 ) 的流产概率差别 别 说 流产概率差别 了, 上头第四篇直接给拍上了一句 电磁辐射与流产并无明显相关, 原 话是 no significant association between exposure and recorded miscarriages 这就是为什么大多数研究针对男性而不是女性的原因 第一篇作者来自挪威卑尔根大学, 论文需要花钱才能下载到原文, 但是不着急, 有个网站可以 找到基本上涵盖其所有研究的信息 : 这 是德国亚琛大学的数据库, 有很多论文的数据 直接看结论, 有两条很重要 : 第一条是 In all age groups there were significant linear trends with higher prevalence of involuntary childlessness with higher self-reported exposure to radiofrequency fields. However, the number of children and degree of exposure to radiofrequency radiation were not associated. 这个是说, 男性不育与暴露在射频电磁场下有显著正相关 但是孩子的数量与暴露在电磁辐射的程度没有明显关联 第二条是 The sex ratio of offspring showed a significant linear trend with lower ratio of boys to girls at birth when the father reported a higher degree of exposure to high-frequency aerials and communication equipment. 这个是讲, 父亲在高频天线或者通信设备附近工作时出生的孩子中, 女孩的比例明显高 这篇论文的研究对象是 位挪威皇家海军海军官兵, 针对在舰艇上天线 10 米范围内, 或 者通信设备 3 米范围内, 雷达 5 米范围内工作过的官兵 作者有另一篇论文提到海军巡逻艇 ( 就是巡逻艇, 还不是更大的护卫舰驱逐舰 ) 上有 2.1 到 4MHz 最大功率 250W 常用功率 10~15W 的天线, 还有 2 个 9GHz 峰值功率 25kW 的雷达

4 也是就是说, 挪威海军舰上官兵有相当一部分是暴露在至少这样级别的辐射下的 注意这是 通信天线或者雷达天线的辐射 我是雷达天线才会有影响哦!! 我们微波射频工程师接触最多的是各种传输线, 而不是这种辐射装置 传输线不是没有辐射, 但是传输线泄漏出来的辐射比雷达天线这种专门的辐射装置有 N 个的数量级上的差距 挪威皇家海军人家那是要保家卫国, 没办法不得不暴露在辐射之下 ( 战争年代人家还要暴露在子弹底下呢 ), 如果按照论文中的功率值和距离, 我只能说我们工程师在实验室里遭受的辐射跟他们比足足差了 100 条 1 号公路 当然, 这也是现有研究中的一个难点 : 对于电磁辐射对人体的影响, 我们很难定量, 这涉及到 实验难度以及科学伦理 但是这篇论文有一个非常重要的结论, 就是 : 孩子的数量与暴露在电磁辐射的程度没有明显关联 ( 当时不育, 拉长时间看以后还是生的出来的 ): 即便是直接暴露在船载雷达 / 天线高频高功率辐射之下导致的不育, 可以造成不育 ( 超过一年 ) 的概率升高 但是并不是永久性的, 而是可以在结束这种状态之后恢复正常的 另一个重要的结论, 是它可以证明 父亲在高频天线或者通信设备附近工作时出生的孩子中, 女孩的比例明显高 即这种影响是即时性的, 也就是说只要父亲在文中统计的辐射场下工 作期间怀孕生育, 就会造成生女孩的比例明显升高 我为什么要花这么多篇幅解释这个结论, 因为文章里, 信口开河的 工作年限在 3~8 年的, 可以忍一忍再生 ; 工作领域的在 的, 可以调岗换频段 我得说 : 统统都是胡说八道 你如果真担心辐射会影响你生儿子 ( 甚至影响生育能力 ) 那就只有一个办法 别干这行了 第二篇也是同一作者 Baste 的论文, 主旨是研究手机辐射对生育的影响 ( 并不是针对后代性别比 ), 跟踪研究十年 (1999~2009) 采样人数达到 对夫妇 结论是 no association between maternal prenatal or paternal pre-conceptional mobile phone exposure and any of the studied pregnancy outcomes was found 即手机使用对生育结果无关联 我们要讨论这篇论文的原因, 是因为它的时间最近, 恰逢手机大规模普及的时代, 而且调查对 象的处境与我们更相似 不是暴露在船载雷达或通信天线直接辐射之下的海军, 而是普通的 平民

5 可以对比一下射频工程师的实验台泄漏出来的辐射和手机天线的辐射哪个更严重 : 我们知道 GSM 手机有 2W 的最大功率 ( 当你发现信号很差的时候, 这时候它真就是拼了老命在用这么大的功率发射 ), 那么问一问各位微波射频界的工程师们, 如果你们不是做几千瓦几千千瓦的军用雷达通信设备 ( 这是得有专门防护的 ), 你们觉得那微带线上泄漏出来的功率会比你裤兜里那只手机大么? 换句话说, 我们机不离手的这一代人, 遭受的电磁辐射, 比二十年前做通信基站的工程师只大 不小 那么我们微波射频工程师需要担心我们实验台上的辐射影响我们生孩子甚至生男生女么? 如果 需要, 首先把你的手机从裤兜里拿出来, 远远的放到办公桌上去 那么究竟是电磁辐射引起我们身体怎样的变化导致了后代性别比的差别? 第三篇论文的作者 W H James 一直专注于研究外周环境对孕育影响, 文中 非电离辐射 最常 见的就是电磁辐射 他的论文中提到了对后代性别比影响的主要生理因素 : 父亲的激素水平 研究对象是工频电场 ( 变电站等 ) 辐射下男性所生育后代的性别比, 并关联到父亲在这种条件下工作导致的激素水 平及病理性变化 作者还有一篇 1996 年的论文专门研究激素水平对后代性别的影响 : Evidence that mammalian sex ratios at birth are partially controlled by parental hormone levels at the time of conception, by W H James, J Theor Biol.1996 Jun 21. 意味着如果我们要了解自己后代性别比是否会受到影响, 是可能通过激素水平检测探究的 但是绝对不是什么 人体酸碱度 或者 染色体平衡, 胡邹这些的, 都是伪科学, 连张悟本 都不如 第四第五两篇论文都是讨论辐射对母亲的后代性别比影响, 而且两篇结论冲突 而且两位作者 的观点都是 : 假如辐射对母亲的后代性别比有影响, 那么其机理应该是影响不同性别胎儿死亡 率 从现有研究看, 只能说辐射与母亲的后代性别比并无明显关联

6 那么大家最关心的 : 结论是什么? 我这里说说我的观点 : 针对我们微波射频行业的工程师, 我个人不认为我们平时工作里受到的 辐射会比裤兜里的手机强 ; 当然如果你确实担心电磁辐射对生育有影响, 那么首先请先担心自 己的生育能力而不是生男生女的问题 ; 而唯一解决的办法更简单, 就是别干这行了 虽然说现有研究成果认为手机使用与生育结果无关联, 但是手机确实是我们身边最强大的电磁 辐射源, 如果你连手机都不愿意从身边拿开, 那就不要谈什么担心电磁辐射对生育的影响, 遑 论生男生女的概率了 你问我担心不担心? 这么说吧, 我最多的时候身上揣着三个手机 ( 内部测试用的 ), 你觉得我 有资格担心这个么? 谢谢 FindRF 上精彩的文章, 没找到最原始的作者来源 如有版权侵犯, 请直接联系优联 优联射频网站 视频介绍 欢迎来到优联射频

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