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晃兢卫
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1 論 1-1 療類不狀度不 Figure 1 不 1/4 3/8 1/2 類切 Cutting needle 切 Noncutting needle 切切療不刺刺留療不不刺留療療流金 ( 金 ) 不刺良量量說療療療 43 神年來療不療便療刺療理療刺神路泌淋療療劣療行參 1

2 Figure 1 Surgical needle shape 1-2 兩不療金刺療行療兩都行療狀不兩行療了料了更精了療 Table 1 1 2

3 Table 1 Development history of needle for acupuncture 利 Table 2 Needle classification 利 3

4 Table 2 1 六卵栗狀稜狀留利利刺刺留 Figure 2 利連螺狀來力狀 Figure 2 Needle structure 4

5 不來不度易金不易 1 不不不 2 滑不 3 牢易 4 金便捻不 1-3 刺療療 2 刺理捻留索索了刺捻來捻刺了刺捻捻刺度刺易暈了刺度留度了刺臨度度刺刺度度不療不刺練度刺度度切臨刺度度來不 1. 度刺度來刺刺度刺刺刺度 5

6 不不 Figure 3 1 刺刺度 90 度刺刺 2 刺 40 ~60 刺不刺 3 刺刺 15 刺 2. 度度不刺度不 << 刺論 >> 沈刺理說不來刺度刺刺刺易暈刺度不刺易 Figure 3 The angle of needle insert 列 Table 3 不理來 150mm 13mm 刺刺刺更留 mm 刺 6

7 Table 3 Gauge Chinese/Japan Needle diameter and length specification 30/8 32/5 34/4 36/3 38/2 40/1 42/01 44/02 Diameter mm Needle length 13,25,40,50,65,75,100,125,150 不不流療刺沈療了 1-4 療劣療不良不刺刺不裂留劣療料諸理論療參數行量良參 7

8 療都行狀量論 2-1 療利刺力量刺利度都刺力量來 Thacker [3] 利刺 Medpar 1220 R,3M 錄刺力量利度度都度 Thacker [4] 參數料不金 ASTM American Society for Testing Materials Abidin [5] 度參數降度 Tribble [6] 料不金 ASTM 率兩不度力利度度度力年來 Robert [7] 刺不易療 Okamura [8] 說刺力量刺力量力量刺力量刺力量力論 M. D. O Leary [9] 8

9 刺刺力量力利刺料度力易力刺力量利 2001 年 Kato kuniko[10] 利 -Treating needle of titanium-containing material 療金度良不良殺良量列 Figure 4 Figure 4 Patent 1-Treating needle of titanium-containing material 2002 年 Kuno toshikazu[11] 利 - Needle for acupuncture 了刺刺 Figure 5 9

10 Figure 5 Patent 2-Needle for acupuncture 2003 年 Ito daisuke [12] 利 - Acupuncture and moxibustion needle 了刺流量行來 Figure 6 年 Ito daisuke [13] 利 - Acupuncture and moxibustion needle 說了力力來力 Figure 7 年 Ito daisuke [14] 利 - Acupuncture and moxibustion needle 了刺不利滑留度度 1 m 行 Figure 8 Figure 6 Patent 3-Acupuncture and moxibustion needle 10

11 Figure 7 Patent 4-Acupuncture and moxibustion needle Figure 8 Patent 5-Acupuncture and moxibustion needle 2003 Lee yong hee [15] 利 - Manufacturing method of coated needle for intramuscular stimulus treatment implement 了降刺降刺力 Figure 年 [16] KOTANI YOSHIKAZU 利 -Therapeutic acupuncture needle 了輪廓 Figure 10 料狀都 11

12 Figure 9 Patent 6-Manufacturing method of coated needle for intramuscular stimulus treatment implement Figure 10 Patent 7-Therapeutic acupuncture needle 2-2 療料療料 [1] 刺利 Thacker [3] Abidin [5] Tribble [6] 利不金 ASTM 力 12

13 不了數理立 Yanagihara [17] 降降不狀料來 [18] 狀 Figure 11 狀了神刺降滑金 2002 年 12 了刺 60 刺理度 1 度 0.1 度 1.6 裡 Figure 11 Mosquito mouth [18] 2004 年 4 [19] 理 Georgia Institute of Technology 不 13

14 microneedle Figure 12 不金 500 理勞 Mark Prausnitz 說不刺神 400 刺裡行來年 Figure 12 Micro needle[19] 14

15 2-3 療念凌 [20] 裡量來力里 Kirlian photography- 理理暈離離來刺都刺都流刺見流刺刺 Figure 13 (1) 刺都 2 刺都刺都 Figure 13 Kirlian photography[20] 15

16 2005 年利立度神淋神淋便數裡便流淋炙流量行行理 [21] Helene [22] [23] 療拉力拉力來狀療 16

17 3-1 流了料理不都料不度 strength stiffness 度 (hardness) (ductility) 度 (surface roughness) 狀度狀說論行 Figure 14 Pinpoint geometry Shap Cutoff Defect L/D Mechanical performance Surface roughness Insertion force Tensile strength Material Chemical composition Electrical property Magnetic property Resistance Magnetic flux density Figure 14 Scope of the experiments 3-2 料類六不行量 A ~F 類列列 Table 4 17

18 Table 4 Needles used in the experiments No. Manufacturer Needle shape Needle Length (mm) Needle Diameter (mm) A1 SEIRIN A2 SEIRIN A3 SEIRIN B1 KINGLI B2 KINGLI B3 KINGLI B4 KINGLI B5 KINGLI B6 KINGLI B7 KINGLI C1 CARBO C2 CARBO C3 CARBO C4 CARBO

19 Table 4 Needles used in the experiments Continue 1 No. Manufacturer Needle shape Needle Length (mm) Needle Diameter (mm) D1 VINCO D2 VINCO E1 AcuMaster E2 AcuMaster E3 AcuMaster E4 AcuMaster F F F F 量

20 SEM Scanning Electron Microscope OM Optical Microscope SEM( ) HITACHI S-4000 Vacc Acceleration voltage : 0.5~30kv Vext(Emission extracting voltage ) 0~6.5kv 冷度 1.5nm 率 20~30 OM Operating Manual Axioskop 40 Pol/40 A Pol Polarizing Microscope X2 X5 X10 率度 SEM OM 行 mm 量 Figure mm Diameter Figure 15 Length/radius ratio 20

21 2 度量 1-1 Figure 16 量 - µ -SCAN 雷行度量 Ra Figure 16 µ -SCAN 1-2 利雷 1 m 量兩度雷離 0.15mm 雷離 0.5mm 量 3 錄 Ra 來行刺力刺力量不類刺力量 Nock 24 刺行利刺料刺參刺力 - 力量刺力量不刺 21

22 1-1 Figure 17 Figure 18 流 Figure 19 路 Figure 20 DC motor Stepping motor Linear stage Load cell Artificial skin fixture Figure 17 Insertion force measure equipment DC motor Stepping motor Needle translation Needle rotation Turbo C Program Weight Displacement Load cell Digimator indictor PC Analog Data output RS232 Digital Converter Figure 18 Arrangement of experimental apparatus 22

23 Figure 19 Insertion force measure circuitry Figure 20 Set up of insertion force measure equipment 23

24 a b Load cel Figure 21 量拉力 (c) 量 d DC - (e) 度 - 兩度 Figure 22 5mm 8mm 5x15mm 狀狀刺刺料力 Figure 23 f - 捻 g Load cell - 度切 Load cell 力不數數 Figure 24 h Load cell i Load cell 連 - 連力螺 j 數量 Digimator indictor - 量 Figure 25 k l 不 - 切狀行刺 Figure 21 Load cell 24

25 Figure 22 Artificial skin fixture D=5mm D=8mm W x L=5x15mm Figure 23 Artificial skin holding plate Figure 24 Needles fixture 25

26 Figure 25 Digimator indicator 1-2 料 a 料 10mm 10mm 度 mm Figure 26 裂切 Figure 27 b 猪切 ( 里 ) 利不猪切 60mm 猪度 40mm Figure 28 c 猪 - + 切 60mm 度 40mm Figure 29 Figure 26 Hydrocolloid dressing(artificial shin) 26

27 Figure 27 Hydrocolloid dressing fixture Figure 28 Pork tenderloin cut off and fixture Figure 29 Pork belly in the fixture 27

28 1-3 零力量量 500g 行 Figure 30 度度 / 1/500 Load cell 類兩力狀力量拉力量刺 Load cell 0.7g 刺度度 20mm/sec 5g 度刺度刺度度 35mm 量 4.2g 刺度量 2.47g 量 1g Figure 30 Force calibration Load cell 連刺度 DC 來刺度 18mm/s 了刺利來刺料 sec 度 36 /sec 度不刺度度不度度度刺度度異刺了刺料 buckling 刺 Figure 31 28

29 刺刺不刺力量力量料行刺料量理料 - 猪行刺切狀力不料刺力 - 力量刺力量行不刺 Figure 31 Needle sleeve 2 拉度 1-1 拉力 Figure kg 兩 Figure 拉便料料力 - 料拉度 ASTM G/D 4 Table 5 狀拉 [25] 料 - 度不易兩 1cm 拉螺拉 29

30 拉度 2mm/min 拉離 50mm 力量力 - 行 Figure 32 Universal testing machine Figure 33 Chuck and handle keeper 30

31 Table 5 Specifications for sample of tension test[25] 例 12.5mm 8.75mm 6.25mm 4.00mm 2.50mm G- 50 ± ± ± ± ± 0.10 D ± ± ± ± ± 0.05 R A 料 SEM-EDS - 量度 (High Resolution Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope JEOL /JSM-6500F 力 :1.5 : 0~30 KV 率 : 10x~500K x (SEI) (BSI) 量 (EDS) (EBSP) 量 1-2 切度 10mm 31

32 SEM 行量 1 量流力 resistance R 列 a 料 b 度 c d 度度不料流力 R 度 l A 1 l R = ρ 1 A 例數度數 resistivity m cm 都度 Figure 34 - 流 Figure 34 Voltage-current curve 32

33 1-1 精行量 Dispaly: 3 1/2 digit, 4000 count DCV: 400mV, 4V, 40V, 400V, 1000V ACV: 4V, 40V, 400V, 750V 流 DCA/ACA: 4mA ~ 400mA Ohms: 0.1Ω ~ 400Ω 1-2 行量 10mm 行量量讀量量量 1-1 量 φ = B ds s 2 力度度來力數量 (Magnetic flux) B 度 Magnetic flux density Magnetic induction 量度 / / B C.G.S B Gauss 1 / /2 B 10 4 度力度利量度度 Figure 35 33

34 Figure 35 Gauss meter 1-2 讀度量 5 錄行 34

35 論 4-1 量來度 Figure 36 不 0.1mm 離量量離量離 2.0mm A2 A3 E2 E4 兩離 A E E4 A3 C4 Needle diameter=0.25mm 0.1mm Needle diameter=0.25mm Needle length=40mm Figure 36 Needle shape 35

36 B4 A2 Needle diameter=0.20mm 0.1mm Needle diameter=0.20mm Needle length=40mm Figure 36 Needle shape(continue 1) E2 C1 B3 D2 Needle diameter=0.20mm 0.1mm Needle diameter=0.20mm Needle length=25mm Figure 36 Needle shape(continue 2) 36

37 C2 E3 Needle diameter=0.22mm 0.1mm Needle diameter=0.22mm Needle length=25mm Figure 36 Needle shape(continue 3) B2 D1 Needle diameter=0.20mm 0.1mm Needle diameter=0.20mm Needle length=13mm Figure 36 Needle shape(continue 4) 37

38 4-2 良刺捻力量滑不留 Figure 37 C 滑 E A 3~5 m 度 B 5~30 m 度不 D 3~6 m 度不滑 E F 10 m 度不滑狀 C 都良 A 滑 4-3 若易不理易留易 Figure 38 A 狀滑不良滑 B 狀不 C 量 D E F A 狀不不滑 38

39 外觀上來比較 A 型針針尖的品質比較好 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 Figure 37 Needle points 39

40 B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 C4 Figure 37 Needle points(continue 1) 40

41 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3 E4 Figure 37 Needle points(continue 2) 41

42 F1 F2 F3 F4 Figure 37 Needle points(continue 3) 42

43 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 Figure 38 Pinpoint defects 43

44 B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 C4 Figure 38 Pinpoint defects(continue 1) 44

45 D1 D2 E1. E2. E3 E4 Figure 38 Pinpoint defects(continue 2) 45

46 F1 F2 F3 F4 Figure 38 Pinpoint defects(continue 3) 4-4 度量理 Table 6 理 Figure 39 度 Figure 40 度 1 度 Ra B6 C1 度 Ra E2 C4 2 A C 兩度兩類良理療兩類 3 數度 A3 E1 度度數不 46

47 4-5 力降力力 (buckling) Trier 刺易量度列 Table 7 行度行度 8 1 易度易 47

48 Table 6 Needle roughness Pinpoint Needle Type Pinpoint Ra µ m Ra Average µ m A A A B B B B B B B C C C C D D E E E E F F F F

49 Table 6 Needle roughness(continue 1) Body Needle Type Body Ra µ m Ra Average µ m A A A B B B B B B B C C C C D D E E E E F F F F

50 Ra(µm) Pinpoint roughness Needle type A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3 E4 F1 F2 F3 F4 Figure 39 Needle pinpoint roughness Ra(µm) Body roughness Needle type A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3 E4 F1 F2 F3 F4 Figure 40 Needle body roughness 50

51 Table 7 Length/diameter ratio l 0 d Needle point Needle length(mm) l 0 /d A2 B Needle length(mm) A3 C4 E Needle length(mm) B2 D Needle length(mm) B3 C1 D2 E Needle length(mm) C2 E

52 4-6 刺力 1 Figure 41 刺力量零刺力量力力量刺度量力力量量刺刺力量狀 1 刺度 3~6mm 刺量力力力力力量 1~2 2 刺度 15~20mm 刺力量力力力力力量不力不 3 不刺復力來復力力量 4 狀力量拉力量不拉 5 0mm 刺 Figure 42 力量零狀刺力量 A 40mm A1 0.18mm A2 0.20mm A3 0.25mm 52

53 力量 A1 刺力量力量 Force(g) Force-Displacement Hydrocolloid Dressing Needle no rotation Insert angle=90 3 A1 A2 A Displacement(mm) Figure 41 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (A type-hydrocolloid dressing) Figure 42 Tenting of skin 53

54 Figure 43 刺 - 力量刺力量行列 Table 8 A3 刺力量 E4 刺力量 C4 刺力量 A3 力量不 C4 E4 力量降 C4 8:1 刺 C4 刺力量 E4 刺力量不度不 E4 刺力量 E4 刺力量 E4 度 C4 力量 C4 拉力量 A3 力量 C4 E4 拉力兩力量刺力量 A3 E3 刺力量 C4 兩刺 Force-Displacement Hydrocolloid Dressing Needle no rotation Insert angle=90 Force(g) C4 E4 A3 Needle: L=40mm D=0.25mm -30 Displacement(mm) Figure 43 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (A, C and E type-hydrocolloid dressing) 54

55 Table 8 Average max insertion force (A, C and E type-hydrocolloid dressing) Needle Length Diameter Average Max insertion force(g) A C E Figure 44 A2 B4 刺 - 力量兩刺力量不 B4 刺力量力量 A2 B4 力量量刺力量 B4 度 B4 拉力略 A Force-Diplacement Hydrocolloid Dressing Needle no rotation Insert angle=90 Force(g) A2 B4 Needle: L=40mm D=0.20mm Displacement(mm) Figure 44 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (A and B type-hydrocolloid dressing) 55

56 2 猪 - 里 a 刺度不 Figure 45~50 Figure 45~47 刺里 - 力量猪刺度力量 A3 C4 E4 刺刺力量刺度不刺力 A3 Force(g) Force-Displacement Displacement(mm) Pork tenderloin=40mm Needle no rotation Needle Pork Insertion angle=90 C4 E4 A3 Figure 45 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (A, C and E type-pork tenderloin insertion angle=90 ) Table 9 Average max insertion force (A, C and E type- pork tenderloin insertion angle=90 ) Needle Length Diameter Average Max insertion force(g) A C E

57 Force(g) Force-Displacement Displacement(mm) Pork tenderloin=40mm Needle no rotation Needle Pork Insertion angle=60 E4 A3 C4 Figure 46 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (A, C and E type-pork tenderloin insertion angle=60 ) Table 10 Average max insertion force (A, C and E type- pork tenderloin insertion angle=60 ) Needle Length Diameter Average Max insertion force(g) A C E

58 Force-Displacement Pork tenderloin=40mm Needle no rotation Needle Insertion angle=30 Force(g) Pork C4 A3 E4-20 Displacement(mm) Figure 47 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (A, C and E type-pork tenderloin insertion angle=30 ) Table 11 Average max insertion force (A, C and E type- pork tenderloin insertion angle=30 ) Needle Length Diameter Average Max insertion force(g) A C E

59 Force-Displacement(A3) Displacement-Force Pork tenderloin=40mm Needle no rotation Needl Insertion angle Force(g) Pork Insertion angle=90 Insertion angle=60 Insertion angle= Displacement(mm) Figure 48 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (A type-pork tenderloin different insertion angle) Force(g) Force-Displacement(C4) Displacement-Force Displacement(mm) Pork tenderloin=40mm Needle no rotation Needle Insertion angle Pork Insertion angle=90 Insertion angle=60 Insertion angle=30 Figure 49 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (C type-pork tenderloin different insertion angle) 59

60 Force(g) Force-Displacement(E4) Displcecment-Force Displccement(mm) Pork tenderloin=40mm Needle no rotation Needle Insertion angle Pork Figure 50 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (E type-pork tenderloin different insertion angle) Insertion angle=90 Insertion angle=60 Insertion angle=30 Figure 45 E4 刺刺猪刺力量力量刺力量刺度刺力量猪刺力量不異不 1 猪更力量不 2 度猪力量 b 刺度刺 Figure 51~ 53 b-1 L 40mm D 0.20mm A2 B4 A2 刺力 B4 度 A2 刺力量 60

61 A2 A2 度力量 b-2 L 40mm D 0.25mm A3 C4 E4 Figure 45 A2 刺力 b-3 L 25mm D 0.20mm B3 C1 D2 E2 刺力不 D2 刺力量量 D2 度異刺度猪來力刺力量 E2 度都力量度不力量刺力量量不 b-4 L 25mm D 0.22mm C2 E3 兩刺力量異不兩度 E3 度刺 E3 力量 25 Force-Displacement Pork tenderloin=40mm Needle no rotation Force(g) Needle Pork Insertion angle=90 A2 B4 Needle: L=40mm D=0.20mm -15 Displacement(mm) Figure 51 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (A and B type-pork tenderloin insertion angle=90 ) 61

62 Table 12 Average max insertion force (A and B type- pork tenderloin insertion angle=90 ) Needle Length Diameter Average Max insertion force(g) A B Force-Displacement Pork tenderloin=40mm Needle no rotation Needle Insertion angle=90 15 Pork Force(g) B3 C1 D2 E2 Needle: L=25mm D=0.20mm -10 Displacement(mm) Figure 52 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (B,C,D, and E type-pork tenderloin insertion angle=90 ) Table 13 Average max insertion force (B,C,D and E type- pork tenderloin insertion angle=90 ) Needle Length Diameter Average Max insertion force(g) B C D E

63 25 Force-Displacement Displacement-Force Pork tenderloin=40mm Needle no rotation 20 Needle Insertion angle=90 Force(g) Pork C2 E Displacement(mm) Needle: L=25mm D=0.22mm Figure 53 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (C and E type-pork tenderloin insertion angle=90 ) Table 14 Average max insertion force (C and E type- pork tenderloin insertion angle=90 ) Needle Length Diameter Average Max insertion force(g) C E c 刺度刺 Figure 54~ 55 刺力量類 E4 度都刺力量刺力量力量都力量 1 猪了力量 2 63

64 不力量 A3 C4 度都滑力量 E4 度異力量量 Force-Displacement Displacement-Force Pork tenderloin=40mm Needle no rotation Needle Insertion angle=90 20 Pork Force(g) E4 C4 A Displacement(mm) Needle: L=40mm D=0.25mm Figure 54 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (Pork tenderloin insertion angle=90,needle no rotation) Table 15 Average max insertion force (A,C and E type- pork tenderloin needle no rotation) Needle Length Diameter Average Max insertion force(g) A C E

65 Force(g) Force-Displacement Displacement-Force Displacement(mm) Pork tenderloin=40mm Needle rotation Needle Pork Insertion angle=90 C4 E4 A3 Needle: L=40mm D=0.25mm Figure 55 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (Pork tenderloin insertion angle=90,needle rotation) Table 16 Average max insertion force (A,C and E type- pork tenderloin needle rotation) Needle Length Diameter Average Max insertion force(g) A C E

66 3 猪 - Figure 56 10mm 10mm 不 A3 刺力量 C4 E4 力量刺 50 Force-Displacement Displacement-Force 40 Force g Insertion angle=90 Needle no rotation A3 C4 E4 Needle: L=40mm D=0.25mm -20 Displacement mm Figure 56 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (Pork belly insertion angle=90 ) Figure 57~59 刺里刺力量 10mm 10mm 刺力量 A3 C4 度刺 A3 C4 刺力量刺力量刺里力量 A3 力量異刺力量 6g 10mm 刺里力量 11g 刺力量刺里里度刺刺度 66

67 力量力量度 Figure 59 E4 刺里刺不易刺力量刺力量 Force(g) Displacement-Force A3 Force-Displacement(A3) Displacement(mm) Insertion angle=90 Needle no rotation Pork tenderloin Pork belly Figure 57 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (Pork tenderloin and belly A3) 67

68 Force(g) Force-Displacement(C4) Displacement-Force C Displacement(mm) Insertion angle=90 Needle no rotation Pork tenderloin Pork belly Figure 58 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (Pork tenderloin and belly C4) Force(g) 40 Force-Displacement(E4) Displacement-Force (E4) Displacement(mm) Insertion angle=90 Needle no rotation Pork tenderloin Pork belly Figure 59 Force-displacement curve for insertion test (Pork tenderloin and belly E4) 68

69 刺度力量刺易力狀刺力量刺力量易刺里刺力量不易刺刺力量度 A C E A C 度都不刺力量不 A 刺力量刺力量 4-7 SEM-EDS - 量量參量來不略列 Table 17 料數不 Table 18[26] 不料行料 Cr 粒若量不不不不理不類例硫力不粒不量 11.5~14 量 0.15 良廉來來零 AISI 501,410,414,416,420,431 粒不量 16~18 量 0.15 不 1/2 數 5 69

70 ~6 易 AISI 430,430F(F 易 ),442,446 不不硫了 Ni Mo Cu 量 Cr 16~26% Ni 6~22% C<0.15% Cr 18% Ni 8 % 18-8 不不易良良 Ti Mo Co W 來切 AISI 301,302,303,310,316,321,347 Table 17 Table 18[26] 4-9 料量 16~18 粒不拉度 Table 19[27][28] 不料 A 兩類 A3 AISI 436L A2 C D E AISI 430 B AISI 409L Table 17 Chemical composition of Needles Element Weight % Needle type C Mn Si Cr Ni Fe Al Total A A B C D D E E E

71 Table 18 Chemical composition of ferritic stainless steels [26] Ferritic stainless steels (chemical analysis %,max. unless noted otherwise) Type C Mn P S Si Cr Mo Other /14/ /0.30 Al / x C/0.75Ti / / F / a 430F Se / Se(min.) / / / /1.25 5Xc/0.70Cb+Ta / / N Table 19 Chemical composition of ferritic stainless steels[27] Chemical composition (%) Mechanical performance Type C Cr Mo other Heat Treatment Tensile strength (N/mm 2 ) Elongation (%) Hardness HB 409L ~ Ti6 C%~0.75 A L ~ A ~ A J1L ~ Nb8(C%+N%)~ 0.8Cu0.30~0.80 A L ~ ~1.25 Ti Nb Zr8 (C%+N%)~0.8 A

72 不 436L 料量良易不良不良料不 436L 量了不 436L 度爲 7.73g/cm³ 料 304 省 2.6% 降産 [29] AISI 436L 不 [29] 1. 力 Good Anticorrosive Performance 2. 力 Good Heating Effect 3. Good Magnetic Conductivity 4. 良 Good Weldability Performance 4-8 拉度 Figure 60 力 B 力 37.9kg/mm 2 拉 A 力 43.8 kg/mm kg/mm 2 拉 D 拉力 59.5kg/mm 2 拉 72

73 Strain-stress A2 Stress(kg/ mm2) A3 B4 C4 D2 E Strain Figure 60 Strain-stress behavior for acupuncture needles 4-9 量 Table 20 Figure 61 1 A C A C 數 3 A C C1~C4 不 4-10 量 Figure 62 度量 1 gauss 度 1 gauss 數度都度度類度不 C 度 73

74 Table 20 Resistance for needles All needles Resistance Resistance A A A B B B B B B B C C C C D D E E E E A2 A3 Resistance Ω B4 B3 D2 E2 C2 E3 1.2 E4 C1 1 C4 Needle type Figure 61 Needle resistance for all needles 74

75 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3 E4 F1 F2 F3 F4 Figure 62 Needle magnetic flux density 75

76 論 5-1 論劣療料諸理論療刺沈論不不都來論 1. 兩, 良度 2. 不不, 留 3. 4.,.,. 了 Silicon, 論度不刺力量利度刺力量度料都刺力量療不療來 76

77 5-2 來 1 刺猪刺料不更料刺 2 刺刺度刺力論來行論 3 論刺更 4 療行 5 療來行刺療 6 論力療來論 77

78 參 1 六年 Historical Review of the Development of the Chinese Acupuncture. YU-MIN CHUANG D.B.M. YU-MING CHONG DR. OF CHINESE ACUPUNCTURE.9. 2 北年 3 John G. Thacker, George T. Rodeheaver, Michael A. Towler, Richard F. Edlich, and Charlottesville Virginia, " Surgical needle sharpness ", The American Journal of surgery, vol.157, pp , Michael R. Abidin, Michael A. Towler, Geofrey D. Nochimson, John G. Thacker, Richard F. Edlich, and Charlottesville Virginia, " New quantitative measure for surgical needle ductility",annals of Emergence Medicine, vol.18, pp ,january Michael R. Abidin, Michael A. Towler, George T. Rodeheaver, John G. Thacker, Robert W. Cantrell, and Richard F. Edlich," Biomechanics of curved surgical needle bending", J. Biomed. Master: Applied Biomaterials,vol.23,No.A1, pp , Curtis G. Tribble, Felice P. Moody, Pierre Girard, Michael A. Towler, Walter Mcgregor, Kenneth T. Bellian, Richard F. Edlich, " A New, Compound-Curved Needle for Vascular Surgery ",The American surgeon, vol.58,pp ,august Robert J. Webster III, Noah J. Cowan, Gregory Chirikjian, and Allison M. Okamura," Nonholonomic Modeling of Needle Steering ",Presented at the 9 th International Symposium on Experimental Robotics, Singapore,pp.18-24,June Allison M. Okamura*, Member, IEEE, Christina Simone, and Mark D. O Leary, " Force Modeling for Needle Insertion Into Soft Tissue ",IEEE 78

79 Transactionson Biomedical Engineering, No 10, Vol. 51, October M. D. O Leary, C. Simone1, T. Washio, K. Yoshinaka, and A. M. Okamura, " Robotic Needle Insertion: Effects of Friction and Needle Geometry ",Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation Taipei, Taiwan, September 14-19, KATO KUNIKO, Treating needle of titanium-containing material, Publication No KUNO TOSHIKAZU, Needle for acupuncture, Publication No ITO DAISUKE, Acupuncture and moxibustion needle, Publication No ITO DAISUKE, Acupuncture and moxibustion needle, Publication No ITO DAISUKE, Acupuncture and moxibustion needle, Publication No LEE YONG HEE, Manufacturing method of coated needle for intramuscular stimulus treatment implement, Publication No KOTANI YOSHIKAZU, Therapeutic acupuncture needle, Publication No Mokoto Yanagihara, Toshiki Fujii, Nobuhiko Wakamatu, Hiroshi Ishizaki, Teruaki Takehara, and Kiyoshi Nawate," Silicone granuloma on the entry points of acupuncture, venepuncture and surgical needles ",Journal of cataneous pathology, No.27,Vol.6,pp , 报 20 凌北年 21 Yahoo! 79

80 22 Helene M. Langevin, David L. Churchill, James R. Fox, Gary J. Badger, Brian S. Garra and Martin H. Krag," Biomechanical response to acupuncture Needling in humans", Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.91,no.6,pp , Helene M. Langevin, David L. Churchill, and Marilyn J. Cipolla, " Mechanical signal through connective tissue a mechanism for the therapeutic effect of acupuncture",the FASEB Journal, vol.15, pp ,october Ian Nock, BEng, Robert Parkin, BSc, PhD, CEng, MIEE, FIMechE, and Brian Dalay, BEng, " An investigation of the force-time characteristics of needle insertions into Isobutene-Isoprene(Butyl) rubber bungs used in the pharmaceutical industry ",Trans Inst MC,vol.15,No.2,pp.81-86, 林料理北 79 年 26 Kenneth G. Budinski, Engineering materials : properties and selection, 4 th,edition,prentice-hall,inc, Alternate,The science and engineering of materials, Wadsworth, 北 81 年 [ ] 33 魯李歷理論北聯金料北 74[ ] 35 料料北 87[ ] 80

81 36 利, 37 立論亮立論 86 81

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