RIA periaqueductal gray, PAG PAG Levine the maternal-fetal attachment scale, MFAS 6 ~ ~ 32 OT Feldman OT PAG functional magn

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1 * FB Oxytocin OT hypothalamus naloxone Pedersen et al., 1985; Pedersen and Boccia, 2003 Jenkins Radioimmunoassays,

2 RIA periaqueductal gray, PAG PAG Levine the maternal-fetal attachment scale, MFAS 6 ~ ~ 32 OT Feldman OT PAG functional magnetic resonance imaging, fmri Lorberbaum 1999 thalamo-cingulate pathway Bartels Zeki 2004 periaqueductal gray, PAG anterior insula Noriuchi 2008 PAG insula Swain 2008 thalamo-cingulate network fmri Knutson

3 nucleus accumbens, NAcc 2 medial prefrontal cortex, MPFC 3 insula Kuntson 2008 Kim 2011 Neuroeconomics 3T MRI 3T GE HDX MRI 200 MRI MRI MRI MRI 1 MRI

4 MRI 8 secs NT secs NT secs NT secs for response 8 secs for fixation MRI 8 8 fixation slow event-related design trial

5 80% 4 PAG insula PAG PAG buying index z PAG p < Insula p < both uncorrected -1~

6 Child vs. Mother (p <.05) Buy vs. NotBuy (p <.05) posterior cingulate MPFC Medial frontal cortex superior frontal cortex anterior insula anterior insula vs. -1~1 PAG 190

7 fmri Bartels A., Zeki S., 2004 The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love. Neuroimge 21, Feldman R., Gordon I., Schneiderman I., Weisman O., Zagoory-Sharon O., 2010 Natural variations in maternal and paternal care are associated with systematic changes in oxytocin following parentinfant contact. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35, Jenkins, J.S., Ang, V.T.Y., Hawthorn, J., Rossor, M. N., Iversen L.L., 1984 Vasopressin, oxytocin and neurophysins in the human brain and spinal cord. Brain Research, 291, Kim, H., Shimojo, S., O Doherty, J.P., 2011 Overlapping responses for the expectation of juice and money rewards in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex 21 4, Knutson, B., Rick, S., Wimmer, G.E., Prelec, D., Loewenstein, G., 2007 Neural predictors of purchases. Neuron 53, Levine A., Zagoory-Sharon O., Feldman R., Weller A., 2007 Oxytocin during pregnancy and early postpartum: individual patterns and maternal-fetal attachment. Peptides 28, Lorberbaum J.P., Newman J.D., Duhno J.R., Horwitz A.R., Nahas Z., Teneback C.C., 1999 Feasibility ofusing fmri to study mothers responding to infant cries. Depress Anxiety 10, Miranda-Paiva, C.M., Ribeiro-Barbosa, E.R., Canteras, N.S., Felicio, L.F A role for the periaqueductal grey in opioidergic inhibition of maternal behavior. Eur J Neurosci 18, Noriuchi, M., Kikuchi, Y., Senoo, A., 2008 The functional neuroanatomy of maternal love: mother s response to infant s attachment behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 63, Pedersen, C.A., Boccia, M.L., 2003 Oxytocin antagonism alters rat dams oral grooming and upright posturning over pups. Physiol. Behav. 80, Pedersen, C. A., Caldwell, J.D., Johnson, M.F., Fort, S.A., Prange Jr., A.J., 1985 Oxytocin antiserum delays onset of ovarian steroidinduced maternal behavior. Neuropeptides 6, Swain J.E., Tasgin E., Mayes L.C., Feldman R., Constable R.T., Leckman J.F., 2008 Maternal brain response to own baby-cry is affected by cesarean section delivery. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49,

骨質密度因年齡的增長下降在正常生理狀態下每年約有0.75%-1.5%的骨質流失率而逐漸下降造成骨質疏鬆症的危險因子如飲食過量的濃茶咖啡生活習慣煙酒熬夜內分泌疾病(甲狀腺,副甲狀腺或性腺疾病),甚至長期使用藥物(含鋰利尿劑或癲癇,類固醇藥物) 都會引起骨質疏鬆症的發生

骨質密度因年齡的增長下降在正常生理狀態下每年約有0.75%-1.5%的骨質流失率而逐漸下降造成骨質疏鬆症的危險因子如飲食過量的濃茶咖啡生活習慣煙酒熬夜內分泌疾病(甲狀腺,副甲狀腺或性腺疾病),甚至長期使用藥物(含鋰利尿劑或癲癇,類固醇藥物) 都會引起骨質疏鬆症的發生良方集錦講員趙正睿(0958-707202) E-Mail. crchao@pchome.com.tw 全聯會中藥發展委員會輔導常務理事藥師周刊社長大新兄弟藥局藥師 1 骨質疏鬆症是一種常見的骨頭代謝性疾病同時也是中老年人的健康殺手何謂骨質疏鬆世界衛生組織(WHO)將骨質疏鬆症定義: 骨量減少及骨密度降低而使骨骼微細結構發生破壞的疾病將導致骨骼脆弱並使骨折的危險性明顯增高