, : (MVQ), OH (BR) π-π, (MVQ), BR9000 (MWNTs), MC5,-COOH 1.23%(wt), KH550, ( 25, ), SGN-102,,2,2,4- -1,2- ( RD),N- -N - ( 4010),

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1 9 191,,, *, ( 青岛科技大学橡塑材料与工程教育部重点实验室 / 山东省橡塑材料与工程重点实验室, 青岛 ) : (TrG) (MWNTs) 3%(wt) 14, 20 47, 2%(wt), S/cm TrG MWNTs, TrG MWNTs : [1~3], [1~6] 20, :(1) (2) sp 2, [7,8],, PMMA [9] PC [10] PVDF [11] PU [12] PA [13,14] PP [15] Nobile [16] (PE )/MWNTs, MWNTs PE Lv [17] PMMA/TrG [18,19], : : : ( ) (ZR2012EMM003) ( (7)- jch) ( ) :,(1988-), *,, hhq@qust.edu.cn.

2 , : (MVQ), OH (BR) π-π, (MVQ), BR9000 (MWNTs), MC5,-COOH 1.23%(wt), KH550, ( 25, ), SGN-102,,2,2,4- -1,2- ( RD),N- -N - ( 4010), ( TT),N- -2- ( CZ) XK-160, KQ2200DE, S212 DF-101S, JY92-2D GT-M2000-A,, 1.2 (MVQ) (THF), ( ), 1h, 150w ( ), 30min, 90w 50, tc 90, 160, 200 4h 1.3 :BR 100, 5, 2, RD 1, , CZ 1, TT 0.5, 1.4, ( ), 70, 10min, 8h, 40~50, 3min, 1mm 2.5mm, 151, tc GB/T GB/T : <10-6 S/cm, PC68, >10-6 S/cm, (MODELSZT-2000), (SEM,JSM-6700F), (TEM,JEM-2100), (EMFC7), (AI-700M ), (CSPM3000 ) (TrG) (TEM) (AFM) TrG,TEM AFM 1 1a TrG TEM,TrG,, sp 2 sp 3

3 9 193 Figure1 1 TEM AFM (a) TEM (b) AFM (c)b (a)temimageofgraphene(b)afmimageofgraphene(c)heightofthepositionmarkedbythebluecross 1b 1c TrG AFM 1b 1c, 1nm, 0.5~0.8nm [20] (SEM) SEM ( 2a) 2b MWNTs 5 SEM, MWNTs, 1~6μm MWNTs, 2 SEM (a) / (3phr) SEM (b) / (5phr) SEM (c) / (5phr) SEM (d) / (10phr) SEM Figure2 SEMimagesofrubbercomposites (a)semimageofmvq/trg(3phr)composities(b)semimageofmvq/mwnts(5phr)composities (c)semimageofbr/trg(5phr)composites(d)semimageofbr/mwnts(10phr)composites BR, TrG MWNTs BR,,TrG ( 2c),MWNTs BR ( 2d),TrG BR MWNTs

4 ,,, ( O Si O ) O OH BR ( C C C C ) C H,BR π-π /, π-π (MWNTs) (TrG) 3%(wt) 14, 0.22MPa 3.04MPa, 20 47, MWNTs 10%(wt) 4, 0.22MPa 0.94MPa, (a)mwnts (b)trg (c)mwnts (d)trg Figure3 Themechanicalpropertiesofrubberwithdiferentfiler (a)themechanicalpropertiesofsiliconrubberwith MWNTs(b)themechanicalpropertiesofsilicon rubberwithtrg(c)themechanicalpropertiesofbutadienerubberwith MWNTs (d)themechanicalpropertiesofbutadienerubberwithtrg, 7%, 1.21MPa 8.22MPa, 50 72, MWNTs 10%,

5 MPa 2.23MPa, a, /TrG 2%(wt), S/cm, /TrG 7%(wt) S/cm /MWNTs 5%(wt) S/cm, /MWNTs 15%(wt), S/cm, MWNTs,, MWNTs,,,,, 4 (a)mwnts TrG (b)mwnts TrG Figure4 Theconductivityofrubberwithdiferentfiler (a)theconductivityofrubberwith MWNTsandTrG(b)theconductivityofrubberwith MWNTsandTrG 3, 3%(wt) 14, 2%(wt), : ( ), (ZR2012EMM003), ( (7)- jch) ( ) : [1] NovoselovKS,Geim A K,MorozovS V,JiangD,ZhangY,DubonosS V,GrigorievaIV,FirsovA A.Science,2004,306 (5956):666~669. [2] IijimaS.Nature,1991,354(6348):56~58. [3] Geim A K,NovoselovKS.NatMater,2007,6(3):183~191. [4] DuJ,ChengH M.MacromolChem Phys,2012,213:1060~1077. [5] SunY,ShiG.JPolymSciPolPhys,2013,51(4):231~253. [6] KuilaT,BhadraS,YaoD,Kim N H,BoseS,LeeJH.ProgPolymSci,2010,35(11):1350~1375. [7] BaoC,GuoY,SongL,KanY,QianX,Yuan H.JMaterChem,2011,21:13290~ [8] YangSY,Lin W N,HuangY L,Tien H W,WangJY,MaCC,WangYS.Carbon,2011,49(3):793~803.

6 [9] AlizadehT,SoltaniL H.JHazard Mater,2013,248:401~406. [10] GedlerG,AntunesM,RealinhoV,VelascoJI.MatSciEng,2012,31(1): [11] FanP,WangL,YangJ,ChenF,Zhong M.Nanotechnol,2012,23(36): [12] ChenZ,Lu H.JMaterChem,2012,22(25):12479~ [13] ZhengD,TangG,ZhangH B,YuZZ,YavariF,KoratkarN.ComposSciTechnol,2012,72(2):284~289. [14] ChiuFC,KaoGF.ComposPartA-ApplSci,2012,43(1):208~218. [15],,.,2013,1:7~12. [16] NobileM R,SimonGP,ValentinoO,Morcom M.MacromolSymp,2007,247(1):78~87. [17] LvC,XueQ,XiaD,MaM,XieJ,Chen H.JPhysChem C,2010,114(14):6588~6594. [18] Hu H,ZhaoL,LiuJ,ChengJ,LuoJ,LiangY,ZhaoJ.Polymer2012,53(15):3378~3385. [19] Hu H,LiuY,WangQ,ZhaoJ,LiangY.MaterLet2011,65(17):2582~2584. [20],,,.,2011,26(1):26~30. StudyontheDispersionofGrapheneandCarbonNanotubes inrubbercomposites YAN Lu-yao,ZHOU Bao-zhen,QUShun-zhi,ZHAOLi,HU Hai-qing *,LIU Guang-ye (Key Laboratoryof Rubber-Plastics Ministryof Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics,Qingdao Universityof Scienceand Technology,Qingdao266042,China) Abstract:Graphene(TrG)andmulti-waledcarbonnanotubes(MWNTs)wereusedtomodifythemechanicalproperties ofsiliconerubber(mvq)and butadienerubber(br).thetensilestrength of TrG /siliconerubbercomposites was improvedabout14timesandtheshoreahardnesswasincreasedfrom20to47with3wt% oftrg.thesepropertieswere muchhigherthan rubbers which wereimproved with MWNTs.Percolationthreshold ofsiliconerubberconductive compositesfiledwithtrg was2wt%,theconductivityofwhichwas S/cm.MWNTs/siliconerubbercomposites werepreparedbysolutionmethod,whilepercolationthresholdwas5 wt%,theconductivitywas S/cm.The sametendencyhadbeenobservedintrgand MWNTs/BRsystem.ThediferentdispersionbehaviorofTrGand MWNTs couldbecontributedtothediferenceintheirinteractionwithpolymermatrixduetotheirvariousgeometryandtopology. BasedonSEMandTEManalysis,thedispersionofMWNTsinsiliconerubbermatrixwasextremelydificultincomparison withtrg,althoughbothofthempossessthesamechemicalstructure.bothplanesofgraphenecouldinteractwithpolymer chains,enlargethecontactareaofgraphene with matrix,whichleadtothestronginteractionbetweengrapheneand rubber.thedispersionofgrapheneinrubbercouldbeobtainedevenintheweakinteractionsystemsuchastrg/butadiene rubbersystem. Keywords:GrapheneCarbonnanotubeSiliconerubberButadienerubberVanderWaalsforce

A.3;78% B.3.5;78% C.4.5;89% D.5.5;92% 答案 C 进入新世纪, 中国公民出境旅游人数增速迅猛,2009 年已达到 4766 万人次, 是 2000 年的 4.5 倍, 其中因私出境已达到出境总

A.3;78% B.3.5;78% C.4.5;89% D.5.5;92% 答案 C 进入新世纪, 中国公民出境旅游人数增速迅猛,2009 年已达到 4766 万人次, 是 2000 年的 4.5 倍, 其中因私出境已达到出境总 2014 年山东省导游资格考试旅游政策法规真题及详解一单项选择题 ( 每题的备选项中, 只有 1 个最符题意, 每题 0.5 分, 共 30 分 ) 1. 我国旅游业的指导方针是 () A. 真诚公道, 信誉第一 B. 友谊为上, 经济受益 C. 一视同仁, 不卑不亢