CINRAD /SA CIN- RAD /SC 7 S CINRAD CR 1 CR a CR 1 CR

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戴乌
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1 PLATEAU METEOROLOGY Vol. 33 No. 5 October J doi /j. issn SCIT > 77% < 26% < 22% SCIT doi /j. issn P A SCIT 6 SCIT Johnson et al 2 SCIT Storm Cell SCIT Identification and Tracking Algorithm % Witt et al 3 SCIT CB duan_yiping1979@ 163. com

7522 /j. issn. 1000-0534. 2013. 00139 P456.

2 CINRAD /SA CIN- RAD /SC 7 S CINRAD CR 1 CR a CR 1 CR 3 Table 1 The experience of CR threshold throughout the hail suppression at different station in China X 1 /dbz X 2 /dbz SCIT VIL CR MET ET VIL VIL VIL 3. 1 CR dbz X 1 = 37 dbz X 2 = 48 dbz X 1 X 2 CR 3. 2 ET ET 18 dbz

2 1a CR 1 CR 3 Table 1 The experience of CR threshold throughout the hail suppression at different station in China X

3 ET MET 3 ET MET X 1 = 4 km X 2 = 7 km 0 1 ET 2 1c MET 3 MET ET Table 3 The experience of MET threshold throughout the X 1 = 9 km X 2 = 12 km hail suppression at different station in China ET 0 1 1b ET Table 2 2 ET The experience of ET threshold throughout the hail suppression at different station in China X 1 /km X 2 /km X 1 X 2 ET 3. 3 MET X 1 /km X 2 /km X 1 X 2 MET 3. 4 VIL VIL VIL ET VIL VIL 4 8 MET > 45 dbz VIL 6837 m VIL 1 min MET > 45 dbz X 1 = 22 kg m - 2 X 2 = 35 kg 300 m m

4 Table 4 4 VIL The experience of VIL threshold throughout the hail suppression at different station in China X 1 X VILD Table 5 5 VILD The experience of VILD threshold throughout the hail suppression at different station in China X 1 X X 1 X 2 VIL kg m - 2 1d VIL VIL GVIL = VIL j - VIL j VIL VILD VIL j VIL j - 1 VIL GVIL VIL 23 VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL 24 VIL VIL VILD 24 Amburn et al 36 VILD VIL 15 ~ 35 kg m - 2 VIL VIL VILD = VIL /ET VIL 41 VILD 4 g m cm ~ 15 min VIL cm VIL 3. 0 ~ 4. 0 g Amburn X 1 X 2 VILD g m VIL GVIL VIL GVIL kg m - 2 VIL VIL 10 ~ 20 min VIL VIL 50 kg m - 2 m VILD 5 VILD GVIL 6 GVIL X 1 = 1 g m - 3 X 2 = 3. 5 g m - 3 X 1 = 12 kg m - 2 VILD X 2 = 25 kg m GVIL 1 1e 0 1

9 15 44 50 33 42 21 37 34 25 50 23 5 40 24 40 19 30 35 20 40 22 30 50 X 1 X 2 VIL kg m - 2 1d VIL VIL GVIL = VIL j - VIL j-1 1 3. 5 VIL VILD VIL j VIL j - 1 VIL 3. 5. 1 42 GVIL VIL 23 VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL 24 VIL VIL VILD 24 Amburn et al 36 VILD VIL 15 ~ 35 kg m - 2 VIL VIL VILD = VIL /ET VIL 41 VILD 4 g m - 3 2 cm 16 10 ~ 15 min VIL 2006 2 cm VIL 3.

5 Fig CR a ET b MET c VIL d VILD e GVIL f Membership functions of CR a ET b MET c VIL d VILD e and GVIL f Table 6 6 GVIL The experience of the VIL step increment threshold throughout the hail suppression at different station in China X 1 X X 1 X 2 GVIL kg m - 2 1f GVIL 35 SCIT o min 1 km 7 SCIT CR ET MET VIL 4. 2 Zadeh 43 Kessinger ~ 1 >

GVIL The experience of the VIL step increment threshold throughout the hail suppression at different station in China

6 T X X 1 X 2 = 0 X 2 - X X 2 - X 1 {1 P = n j = 1 X X 1 X 1 X X 2 ω j p j 3 j n ω j % j p j j % % P n ω j = 1 4 j = 1 3 ω CR = ω ET = ω MET = ω VIL = ω VILD = ω GVIL = 1 /6. 5 P a 4 SCIT 1571 SCIT N E cm N E cm 3a PPI N E N E SCIT SCIT X > X ~ 6 2c SCIT 15 2b c dbz 12 km VIL 38 kg m - 2 VILD g m cm b N E CINRAD / N E SA N

72 E 15 05-15 08 2 cm 39. 65 N 115. 85 E 15 10-15 11 1 cm 3a PPI 5. 1 2011 6 11 5. 1. 1 2011 6 11 4 5 12 30-18 00 11 1571 9 39. 68 N 115. 82 E 1573 39. 97 N 12 30 116.

7 a b c Fig. 2 Distribution of the surface hail a the simulated hail b and the measured and simulated hail storm c from to on 11 June Red triangle area is the ground hail data blue triangle area is simulated operational area the blue circles respectively corresponding to the storm can be worked the conditional probability values can be worked a b Fig. 3 The simulation operation area and surface hail distribution at a and b on 11 June Table 7 Recognition result of hail weather in Beijing at on 11 June 2011 CR /dbz ET /km MET /km VIL / kg m - 2 VILD / g m - 3 GVIL / kg m

can be worked 3 2011 6 11 14 54 a 15 18 b Fig.

8 E N E 1 cm N E E N E N E ~ N E ~ N E b VIL VIL SCIT 4c VILD VIL 1570 VILD SCIT N E N Table 8 No storm part time indicator parameters changes in Beijing on 13 June 2012 / E CR / N /dbz Y1 ET /km Y2 MET /km Y3 VIL / kg m - 2 Y4 VILD / g m - 3 Y5 GVIL / kg m - 2 Y6 Y Y1 ~ Y6 Y

41 N 114. 63 E 19 42 20 12 40. 16 N 8 2012 6 13 1570 Table 8 No.

9 Fig a CR b VIL c VILD The change of hail suppression indicators and membership function for No storm. a the CR value and membership function b the VIL value and membership function c the VILD value and membership function Table 9 The measured point and the corresponding recently body scanning of the hail contrast storm track simulation operational areas in Beijing at on 13 June 2012 /mm E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N mm SCIT % dbz E N 1 13 km VIL 38 kg m - 2 VILD

recently body scanning of the hail contrast storm track simulation operational areas in Beijing at 19 25-20 40 on 13 June 2012 /mm 19 25-19 26 19 30-19 32 117. 10 E 40. 13 N 8 117. 02 E 40.

10 a b c Fig. 5 Distribution images of the surface hail and simulated hail storm in Beijing on 13 June a the surface hail and simulated at all times b all simulated storm track distribution hail storm at c simulation operational storm distribution and parallel time surface hail data at Fig a b Distribution images of the surface hail and simulated hail storm in Jiangxi at all times a and distribution of simulation operational storm and parallel time surface hail data at b on 20 March 2013

distribution and parallel time surface hail data at 20 12 Fig.

11 Table 10 The hail recognition results in Beijing at on 13 June 2012 CR /dbz ET /km MET /km VIL / kg m - 2 VILD / g m - 3 GVIL / kg m g m N E N < E N E a CINRAD /SA b a c 3 80% 20% Table 11 The hail the measured point and the corresponding recently body scanning contrast storm track simulation operational areas in Jiangxi from on 19 to on 20 March 2013 /mm E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N

10 E 20 18-20 19 40. 13 N 1570 117. 10 E 1571 1572 1588 20 24 1570 5.

12 6b b SCIT 6 6b E N E N E N E N CR ET 4 MET VIL D. VILD GVIL SCIT 7 J SCIT 1. J Johnson J T MacKeen P L Witt A. The storm cell identification and tracking algorithm An enhanced WSR - 88D algorithm J. Wea Forecasting Witt A Eilts M D Stumpf G J et al. An enhanced hail detection algorithm for the WSR - 88D J. Wea Forecasting J J J J J % % % J. issn % 20% J. 14. D J. 16 S J J doi /j J.

The storm cell identification and tracking algorithm An enhanced WSR - 88D algorithm J. Wea Forecasting 1998 13 263-276. 3 Witt A Eilts M D Stumpf G J et al.

13 J J J J J J CINRAD /SA 37. J / j. issn J CINRAD - SA hail cells J. J Appl Meteor J J J VIL 26. J. J J J Zadeh L A. Fuzzy algorithms J. Info. & Ctl J Kessiner C Ellis S Vanandel J et al. The AP clutter mitigation M scheme for the WSR - 88D R. Preprints of VIL st Conference on J Radar Meteorology Seattle Washington. Amer Meteor Soc 31. WR - 1B J dBz J. J J Amburn S Wolf P. VIL density as a hail indicator J. Wea Forecasting J doi Waldvogel A Schmid W Grimm P. Criteria for the detection of VIL J. 42. VIL VIL

40. VIL 26. J. J. 2012 31 2 562-567. 2005 31 7 17-19. 27. 2008 3 13-16. J. 2009 25 5 18-23. J. 2008 27 5 1131-1139. 28. 20090719 43 Zadeh L A. Fuzzy algorithms J. Info. & Ctl. 1965 8 3 J.

14 Application of CINRAD Mosaic Products on Artificial Hail Suppression DUAN Yiping 1-3 LIU Shoudong 1 LIU Liping 2 MA Jianli 4 YE Xiaofeng 5 WANG Guanhua 3 1. Yale - NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China 2. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China 3. Jiangxi Meteorological Service Center Nanchang China 4. Beijing Weather Modification Office Beijing China 5. Pingxiang in Jiangxi Province Meteorological Bureau Pingxiang China Abstract On basis of the distribution characteristics of reflectivity mosaic of China new generation weather radar CINRAD six indexes are suggested to identify hail cloud during hail suppression by artificial means which include composite reflectivity CR echo top ET maximum reflectivity of ET MET vertical integrated liquid VIL density of VIL VILD and gradient of VIL GVIL respectively. Some indexes are calculated depending on storm cell identification and tracking SCIT form the fuzzy logical method to identify the suppression area. The results indicate that the method of three-dimensional hail recognition experiment are applied multiple hail fall alone in Beijing and Jiangxi. To contrast the hail observation data calculation of the accuracy are greater than 77% the false ratio is below 26% empty ratio below 22% through multiple example. Consider the portfolio reflectance characteristics of three-dimensional shape distribution of fuzzy logic method can w ell i- dentify most workable hail cloud tracking simulation effect is good is conducive to effective application in figure hail proof operation. The hail clouds w hich need to be suppressed by artificial means can mostly be identified according to the characteristics of reflectivity mosaic and fuzzy logical method. The method has a better tracking effect and a promising application in hail suppression. Key words Radar mosaic Fuzzy-logical discrimination The Storm Cell Identification and Tracking SCIT Index of suppresion Hail suppression

State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China 3. Jiangxi Meteorological Service Center Nanchang 330046 China 4.

200 31 5 SWAN 0. 01 0. 01 6 min TITAN Thunder Identification Tracking Analysis SWAN TITAN and Nowcasting 19 TREC Tracking Radar Echo by Correlaction T

200 31 5 SWAN 0. 01 0. 01 6 min TITAN Thunder Identification Tracking Analysis SWAN TITAN and Nowcasting 19 TREC Tracking Radar Echo by Correlaction T 31 1 2013 3 Journal of Arid Meteorology Vol. 31 No. 1 March 2013. SWAN J. 2013 31 1 199-205. doi 10. 11755 /j. issn. 1006-7639 2013-01 - 0199 SWAN 730020 2011 7 7 SWAN SWAN 2012 2 SWAN 1006-7639 2013-01