empirical theory traditional theory ( 85) (Horkheimer, ) (Kuhn, 1996) (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions) (paradigm) (scientific revolu

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1 * * (Friedrich Nietzsche) ( 85) 105 (Habermas, ) (critical theory) (theories) (Gibson, ) (Horkheimer, ) ( 90) Percy Bridgman, Patton( )

(theories) (Gibson, 1986 77) (Horkheimer,

2 empirical theory traditional theory ( 85) (Horkheimer, ) (Kuhn, 1996) (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions) (paradigm) (scientific revolution) (incommensurability) ( ) (nature) (normal science) ( (puzzle-solving) ( ) (black box) (Boyle) (Hobbes) (Shapin & Schaffer,1985) (Michel Foucault) (matters of fact) ( 87) (ticket thinking) ( 89) (network) (allies) (Latour, 1987) Latour (Science in Action) 16

science) ( (puzzle-solving) ( ) (black box) (Boyle) (Hobbes) (Shapin & Schaffer,1985) (Michel Foucault)

3 1920 (the life of reason) (ego) ( 89 10) ( 77) (Huxley, ) (Brave New World) (technology by the people) (determinate negativity)( 89) (false consciousness) ( 85) 1. (methodological prohibitionism) 2. 17

4 Horkheimer( ) 72 Horkheimer( ) 49 (Bottomore, ) (1) (The Institute of Social Research) (2) (The Frankfurt School) (3) (4) (1923 ~ 1930) 1923 (Karl Korsch) (Felix Weil ) (Kurt Albert Gerlach ) (Carl Grunberg ) ( ) (Max Horkheimer) ( ) (1) (Carl Grunberg, ) (2) (Max Horkheimer, ) (3) (Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno, ) (4) (Friedrich Pollock, ) (1930 ~ 1950)

(Carl Grunberg ) ( ) (Max Horkheimer) ( ) (1) (Carl Grunberg, 1861-1940) (2) (Max Horkheimer, 1895-1973)

5 1934 ( ) (1) (Herbert Marcuse, ) (2) (Erich Fromm, ) (3) (Walter Benjamin) (1950 ~ 1970) ( ) 1960 ( ) (1) (Jürgen Habermas, 1929-) (2) (Alfred Schmdit) (3) (Oskar Negt) (1970 ~ ) 1970 (1) (Albert Wellmer) (2) (Klaus Offe) Horkheimer( ) 55 (Max Horkheimer, ) ( 89) 19

6 (Gibson, ) (1) (2) (3) (Hokheimer, ) (the Dialectic of Englightenment) (Gibson, ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (Victor Hugo) ( ) (Voltair) ( ) ( 89 30) (Horkheimer, ) (Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno, ) 20

89 9-10) ( ) (Victor Hugo) ( ) (Voltair) ( ) ( 89 30)

7 (Gibson, ) (negative thinking) ( 85) (Negative Dialectics) (The Authoritarian Personality) (Studies in Prejudice) (superego) (ego) (Gibson, ) (Herbert Marcuse, ) (1) (2) (3) (Eros and Civilization) (One Dimensional Man) (Gibson, ) (Jürgen Habermas, ) ( 89 28) 21

1986 77) (Herbert Marcuse, 1898-1979) 1960 1960 (1) (2) (3) (Eros and

8 1 1 ( ) 2 (action oriented to reaching and understanding) (superficial consensus) (false consensus) ( 84) 2 ( ) ( ) ( Pusey, ) (validity claim) (mutually recognized) (Habermas, ) 22

consensus) ( 84) 2 ( ) ( ) ( Pusey,1986 78 100 )

9 (sincere) (authentic) (authenticity) They cannot represent themselves; they must be represented. (Karl Marx) Said( ) ( 81) ( 77) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (critical analysis) (creative insight) (Patton, ) 23

10 80 9 (performative contradiction)( 89 36) (Foucault, 1984 Best & Kellner, ) (conceptual framework) (perspective) ( 77) ( 87) ( 81) ( 89) Available on: [2000/1/10]. ( 89) ( 89) ( 84) ( H-081A-001) ( 90) ( 85) 24

135-144 ( 89) Available on: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~cage/quarter1/0301/03015.

11 ( 77) ( ) ( 80) Best, S. & Kellner, D.( ) Gibson, R.( ) Hokheimer, M.( ) Horkheimer, M.( ) Horkheimer, M.( ) Huxley, A.( ) Kuhn, T. S.(1996), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions(3 rd edition). The University of Chicago Press. Latour, B.(1987). Science in Action, How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Patton, M. Q.( ) Pusey, M.( ) Said, E.( ) Shapin, S. & Schaffer, S.(1985). Leviathan and The Air-Pump,Hobbes, Boyle, and The Experimental Life. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 25

Latour, B.(1987). Science in Action, How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Patton, M. Q.

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ç†«ç´–å¹´ä»£çı—å¤©ä¸»æŁŽå¤§å°‹è†¯æœ… 思想香港 = Thinking Hong Kong Volume 4 第四期基督教與公民社會 Article 2 6-2014 火紅年代的天主教大專聯會 Kwok Ming MA Wing Sang LAW lawws@ln.edu.hk Kwok Wai NG Kim Ling LAU Lai Leng LAU Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.ln.edu.hk/thinkinghk