勞兩勞理論流勞理論理論兩理論了了勞念立念念行理論切流勞理論行念不來念流勞理論流勞理論論念勞行更量來論流勞理論更理論勞勞論念裡了流理論不理論理論念離流論

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1 論勞理論 A Critique of the Theories of Labor Market Flexibilities 老行 2005 年 8

2 勞兩勞理論流勞理論理論兩理論了了勞念立念念行理論切流勞理論行念不來念流勞理論流勞理論論念勞行更量來論流勞理論更理論勞勞論念裡了流理論不理論理論念離流論念了理念來更量論說論論露勞論念勞力勞力不勞勞力勞勞不流領勞力了領流理論識流理論念流理論勞

3 年離不路老不什年殺不不了什了來流行殺流行 Hallo Kitty 便流行了殺了切理不殺殺殺了念連勞說不度流理論度度理論便了論不論不不索流說勞來理勞惡論易見勞更易說了流論讀了理論勞理論理論流理論理論力行力了了落讀來不論了論不論來論了識老行

4 連不老讀了不令老年來不鍊老切老論料路了識領年來量年勵流勵不不力不論了不年了論料不勞來量北北理論料論見瑩蓮料了 Ben Fine 來數臘 Stavros Mavroudeas 理論論滑寧了理論料律 RC 了女論切論年來留了了了切不更論更亮了裡說

5 錄勞 flexibilities 兩勞理論識勞不理論不立念流勞理論流勞理論流勞勞勞力勞勞令論勞 / 勞流不理論理論兩論.72

35 2.3.2... 37 2.3.3. 39 2.3.4 勞力. 41 2.3.5 勞勞令. 43 2.4. 44 2.5 論. 48 2.6 勞 / 勞.

6 勞念流理念勞力流理論勞理論..113 參. 116 類 28 理識

6....98..99 4.1....99 4.2 勞力....99 4.3. 106 4.4 流理論..107 4.5..111.

7 論不了 Serge Dassault, Chairman, Dassault Aviation, Standing 不來不來惡勞力年練度不殺勞 flexibilities 70 年 80 年了勞浪勞量連不念論臨勞流不論臨度金勞令不勞念論不論不不利勞勞臨勞更易惡勞勞不不勞不行了數 1 1 勞 family-friendly 說來 1

1 勞 flexibilities 70 年 80 年了勞浪勞量連不念論臨勞流不論臨度金

8 來說不利勞 2005/07/12 連力勞勞勞惡不勞度勞理論來論勞了勞兩理論論勞理論流行領論領度說 1970 年來冷了不什力什什了 / 了更不論領累領靈了念論勞論勞數勞切利 1.2 兩勞理論行理論理勞惡惡流勞理論行勞流理見理率論了參見 Avery and Zabel ed

9 讀力 2 兩理論來立流 3 勞理論流勞理論流勞流來利念不理復勞勞了勞 rigidity 率理不 wage-rigidity 理論理論流領理論不量勞留了略了力力例臨行更理 80 年來力勞勞力勞兩理論不勞立勞說不來說理論流勞理論不勞立立來力略勞利勞勞度論 2 論了論理流勞理論理論勞類勞理論 Atkinson 理論 New Time 理論兩理論論不不論兩理論見 Pollert 1988a 1988b 1991 Clarke 1990 Hyman 1991b 3 流兩行 80 年來流切度行了 3

論不勞立立來力略勞利勞勞度論 2 論了論理流勞理論理論勞類勞理論 Atkinson 理論 New Time 理論兩理論

10 寧領理論論理領理論兩更不立裡兩理論論流論理論邏理論度率理論見行流理論論兩理論了領略了度力兩 / 力量兩理論了 80 年來勞浪論了 80 年來流力了勞浪流見勞勞兩理論異利數理了兩理論不論領了理論不利縷不理論離力理論理論利理理論利識不理論論不了力量理論不了不理論不理論不論理理論行理論領利理論來理論理論領切立理論理論行理論領裡行理論領理論行理論立論立行利理論流理論 4

了理論不利縷不理論離力理論理論利理理論利識不理論論不了力量理論不了不理論不理論不論理理

11 若勞不利勞利論不流勞理論行理論不不流理論邏理論論論流兩勞理論行理論 1.3 識勞理論論度流勞理論不勞念不勞理論念年見 4 流勞理論度念 1980 年離理不不不 Fine 兩勞理論念領論領累領靈了念 Fine 論兩論流行不了量例念了量例來便了羅行勞行切了 1975c 923 不便論勞勞理論不理論 4 裡說勞 flexibility elasticity 流念兩念聯不不見 5

Fine 1998 74 兩勞理論念領論領累領靈了念 Fine 1998 73 論兩論流行不了量例念了量例來便

12 勞論說數來連勞識論不理論不不不理論不連量流勞理論不理論力見流良 5 / 領領裂 6 理論了不不不立 7 不來理論不論度異 OECD 勞連度異勞度不不練 OECD 論勞邏立念不勞來契異類離行 OECD Pollert 度不了勞念勞理論勞念理論林勞 Robert Reich 1994 年 6 10 ILO 論論 Brodsky 勞論露來 Meulders and Wilkin ILO Labour and Society 了論勞 5 見論 6 見 Hall and Jacques Boyer

1991 8 度不了勞念勞理論勞念理論林勞 Robert Reich 1994 年 6 10 ILO 論論 Brodsky 1994 53 勞論露來

13 論令都不理 Meulders and Wilkin 度來說理理論略不立復力行行論識論論念勞力不兩了度律論什來連 Meulders and Wilkin 了度 Meulders and Wilkin 不立力力什 / 不什不識說說力不不來不來理論理論了論行不 Meulders and Wilkin 勞什來 7

1987 4-6 了度 Meulders and Wilkin 不立力力什 / 不什不識說說力

14 來了勞論勞類類來說數論行了類來行類見類類立論理論類理論更不理論不來念聯理論說勞理論量若理論行理理論兩類利理論什理勞不理流勞理論不流勞理論勞流理論說了利勞流行領不論理論流勞理論說臨不量類不了 Gertler 來說不更力 Elastizität 1975a 474 了不念行來 8

15 籠念來說力 8 立度立度流行立來類立立行度領理力立行度領益說力兩立理度度領兩度不什說說來裡籠列勞來念更了論勞念不裡不 Standing 利不勞不勞利更來說句說論 Zygmunt Bauman 更了勞更量 inflexible 都降更 Bauman 說勞念了理論 Bauman 說念陸論更 8 9

1986 60 利不勞不勞利更來說句說論 Zygmunt Bauman 更了勞更量

16 勞臨零年女率降量行隸靈說律臨不降療金福利靈律力靈利利更更更利更利率降勞力利什不說勞不更不勞不了勞裡不理論切不不理論不留聯來說說聯勞不量露勞惡不來論 / 勞立律來說了聯不羅來更聯說立不念不理 10

17 說不略了來留不歷論不料裡不來說省論不律料精裡念理論識理識立念流勞理論念來立來不例勞兩勞不便來說立立不理立勞兩聯兩兩北兩不說說北說更不兩來勞狀不流勞理論立來度說度 11

18 更勞例流勞理論勞流理論來說不 / 流理論來說勞利流勞更了 / 立連列理論更連理勞降率理論率不來不理裡流勞理論不了 / 理論了理論 / 了理論念理論說念理論念了理論來說流勞理論行了不立理論理論念念不說不念不念理論讀論立論不說讀理論念理論來說裡念不論 Althusser 理論 le probl matique th orique 9 不理論不理論裡理論識了了理論識說不理論理論靈 9 念理論陸理見

論念念不說不念不念理論讀論立論不說讀理論念理論來說裡念不論 Althusser 理論 le probl

19 Althusser 利勞念行理論理論不 G2 理論料來來略 G1 行理論識 G3 Althusser 不理論料理論料了了論說念不論論論來行念不說識說論來理論理論來不理論理論裡 Althusser 識不例不理論立念行理論念理論流兩勞理論裡念理論立流勞理論行流理論理論更來流理論聯流理論力念流理論流理論念念邏行來流理論念理論 13

20 1.4 流兩理論 80 年來便量立 10 勞流良流度勞勞不流說更理論來勞不流了不不流理論量行兩類類流理論類流理論理論類流理論類勞理論論理論了勞惡不勞勞理論流勞理論論量論理論流勞狀惡 Card and Krueger 1995 惡不零了流令勞了惡連勞 OECD 兩 OECD 論劉 2001 了量論累度了流不流流理論力來聯劉勞理論理論論理論勞 Amin 1991 Ross 2004 料了理論利狀裡 10 不流兩理論不度勞立論論 14

1995 惡不零了流令勞了惡連勞 OECD 兩 OECD 1986 1999 論劉 2001 了量論累度了流不流流理論力來聯劉

21 度 Nolan and O Dnnell 1991 論見理論念不來不類力露了流勞理論勞不論不理論來說理論念行類留理論邏理論論不勞說路論利了不良不理論來論論來說 / 來說論不說兩勞立 11 來說論勞留勞利不量了勞論易利說不勞利理降利利易念易落流兩理論念行 2001 年力例 12 來年率 3% 了 2001 年來率 4% 行 911 SARS 不論率說勞不說度 11 見論 OECD 說勞 15

22 殺力念理論邏理論什理論不念來說率降勞立了了 911 了理論不立理了不念連更流勞理論來不理論了理論說理論理念來不來略念 Hirst and Zeitlin 1991 理論不力不理念理念類理論不論了來說了理論邏理論邏來說類流理論念 OECD Pollert a 1988b 數識列論留念度亂不來福福論立念了 Pollert 理列不 Pollert 1998b 量數行年不什不 Pollert 1991 了理論 16

23 理論念了了路略了理論流理論說 Pollert 勞理論行了理論兩理論略來說行了露 Pollert 便理念說了勞念理論了來類類理論不類力說勞來流理論來力劉類理論累來說勞行更更 Harvey Harvey 了理論理論理論累念累 13 了累歷論 Harvey 2003 理論理論累來更來 Harvey 勞勞類理論 Harvey 行論 Harvey 來類 Pollert 更理勞 Harvey 說累 Harvey 理論不理論流行念論見立 17

24 Harvey 來臨 Pollert 不 Harvey 裡臨理論念來了念了 Pollert 識理論勞理論 Pollert 易 Harvey 略不了 Pollert 了亂念理論勞 Harvey 識識勞念更切說識勞理論 Harvey 不索了流理論類量露 Harvey 不了流理論說略了不 Pollert Harevy 略句說 Harvey Pollert 了說不理理論念 Pollert 流勞理論識理論念了念流理論念 Harvey 更理論流理論念更論念理論連流念不理論不說識不理論 Harvey 留了念 14 類 Atkinson 1984 Pollert Brindle Atkinson Pollert 料 Brindle

25 了不論來不 Harvey 理論念 Harvey 識來說流論來識來識 Harvey 理論識略了理論識了論念不 15 來行理論 Harvey 來論理念了流勞念流勞理論累行了類理論流流論流理論類更例 Hyman a 1991b 理論了勞理論不 Pollert Harevy 更念識 Hyman 1991b 281 利度不念露 Hyman 1991a Hyman 1991b 念勞念理論了念利 16 Hyman 識更不流 15 Harvey 理論流念 Harvey 理論理論了勞理論連了理論 middle-range theory 理論論理論論流勞理論理理論理論見 Maveroudeas a 1999b Brenner and Glick Harvey 類 19

26 rigidities 都 Hyman 1991b 283 論來了說壟說例什說狀說不不說行說來來了不不念念 Hyman 度說不亂留不更念了 Hyman 度了 Hyman 念念了不理論良 Streeck Streeck 1988 Dore 1988 論利說了不了率 Streeck 論例率不兩 Streeck Streeck 便念率更行類降降了 20

27 力了不留 Streeck Streeck 說不不不 Streeck 連留裡 Hyman 露了利 Streeck 說勞 Hyman 了流念識流念略 Streeck 連流念 Streeck 裡流理論兩了立流理論念 Streeck 17 來了理論念流理論識 Streeck 了理論念了來來了 80 年來理論流不力力什什更 80 年來領什率不列列例了 Streeck 流理論念念來流理論念率力列了流勞理論 Hyman Harvey 來更 Hyman 了 Streeck 理論 21

28 兩類理論兩了流理論流理論殺力了勞兩類流勞理論念更勞來流勞理論來流勞理論不流勞理論拓念露流理論念來流勞理論不不理論說不理識識理識參來說不歷行行來行勞不歷兩不 18 識來說識裡識不行行狀行了識識理識說識了識連理識識 18 參

29 識理識念識理識理識識理識了更理識識理識論理識識不識聯論理識了了聯了暴露切聯句說識識行律念不裡理識 23

30 識行念縷念不理論便理論念念識理識說來不兩立不不識識論理都識理不不離來了了不立理理了更理論了理識識了來識了識識識行立不不倫理來聯說兩理論理論理論行識論說來說了念不念不念論念念不念理不理論理力量離論不量流理論略量不來聯不 24

31 不律論兩不不行理論不兩流理論不行論念參 Fine 1980 理論理論列來行識來流理論律來邏理論不論來不理論理不流理論念來理不不不理論不了了更說了理論理論流理論識識了理論來流理論律識了了理論不識流理論念律理了流理論說來來易 25

32 1975a 410 不流理論不不流理論來說識立了理更不理論來來了立來理論理論識理了識論識理識說來說說不了律了律識句說了切識便來行識行切理論不不類 1.6 流勞理論念行流理論行流勞理論論念不勞什更量來論流勞理論更理論勞勞論念裡了流理論不理論理論念 26

33 離流論念了理念來更量流不念了流理論異流說流流力理勞論念勞力勞力不勞勞力勞勞不流領勞力了領勞力更契了流勞理論流理論勞 27

34 類 Atkinson 類數量金 Sarfati and Kobrin 了不列勞練 OECD 勞力流勞力勞力劉 Labour Market Flexibility 六類勞流 work methods and practice 勞流練 Sarfati and Kobrin Meulders and Wilkin 了類 wage flexibility 數量 numerical flexibility technical-organisational flexibility working time flexibility Rubery, Tarling and Wilkinson 1987 financial flexibility functional flexibility 數量 Pollert 1988a 44 flexibility in employment flexibility in work Harvey 論了勞勞理 Sayer and Walker 了類 Standing 列了六勞論勞數量 Standing 不不說勞了女來了識識不 Standing

35 Munck 不不念不拉不留了念更拉兩勞惡了勞數量數量 Black, B Culturally Coded? The Enigma of Flexible labour Markets, Employee Relations, 23 4 : Smith 了勞臨勞流勞 ALMP 勞切羅列了來說勞切念來論 29

36 流勞理論 2.1 更都易更拉不勞更降 OECD 1996 Economic Survey of the UK Reilly 年類論流行類論理論流流勞理論理論不理理什理論了了不流勞理論行流理論識留行讀流勞念來什流勞理論流勞念流勞立說流勞什兩流勞勞勞勞念老領更理來流勞識不 Samuelson 勞來理論了理論勞力連量不 Samuelson 30

37 1951 Card and Krueger 年諾 Robert M. Solow 流若不勞流臨切勞理若不了理力勞類勞類不理論 Solow Solow 識了來令勞來流勞 / 勞勞不說流來了浪例了離論流勞理論念論見理不不論不亂論勞理論來說念來識勞 / 勞裡行 2.2 了流理論 2.3 便流勞理論 2.4 流理論念行 2.5 流理論論流理論念論 2.6 論流理論數不說不了勞理論理論勞 / 勞 2.7 流理論勞 / 勞流理論了理論勞 / 勞 2.8 流 80 年來流 31

38 勞論理論行流勞理論例行裡勞理論不流勞理論例說流勞理論 2.2 流勞理論流理論勞不 rigidity 離了勞理流勞理論來勞降來兩度不狀勞不流理論勞論邏流論來勞勞理論勞說了力量度勞令流勞力流理來了了勞了羅裡論流勞理論拉理論理論流來論不見理連車連車更勞連不理論便論狀了易易論列了 32

39 易切類數度勞勞來勞見流 80 年來流理論流勞理論不理論勞領說流不論不勞念不理論來理論來勞念不理論列不不不了練金金說論流勞理論了流 19 勞行數勞理論便行數量 20 來行論流 19 論漏漏了更論見 20 elasticity 念兩數量量量度 elasticity flexibility 兩念流不流勞理論流念兩量率率勞勞流 elasticity 勞 33

40 elasticity 念來行便行理論 elasticity 論勞行流勞理論 80 年來勞數不理論勞流論念 80 年來了量論勞利降論理論勞 ILO Guy Standing 理了理論六見不異了流了流降了勞利勞了勞力六留降了 Sarfati and Kobrin 量律度了理論不 2.3 流流 flexibility 34

41 理論勞流行便流論了量流量連力勞論不不留裡來識流立識流不不說說識更識不不留見說說行露兩數流不見不什異了流識不見說勞不識流不流理論不念論立流理論念不流理論念了量識論勞論裡不例了類數量讀不更例勞勞勞 Brodsky 說 1960 年勞例 21 了 1970 年 1980 勞 Eurosclerosis 勞率 / 了率 vs. vs. 不流論 21 說見念念見 35

42 不 Bordsky 度勞不不了 1980 年 OECD 勞不勞聯勞理 Brodsky 勞流論見隆玲李論隆不勞勞令行量來 Henry and Lee 年來行勞勞度數行行 1980 年來勞來了 1970 年來率 NAIRU 22 理論說不力論兩 Boxberger and Klimenta 度了里 1996 年 730 率 5.3% % 不不 1010 臨 830 不率 28% 更行了 32 了律 22 率 NAIRU 率率率率率不利來 Haltiwanger

43 數 400 率 14% 率 12.6% Booxberger and Klimenta / 來理論不度歷年率勞來說勞 Rosenberg 說良兩 Sorrentino and Moy 2002 了歷來勞行 1962 年 Myers and Chandler 不率率兩不 1950 年歷了率更 1978 年 Sorrentino 更了 Myers and Chandler 了六年率勞流流 short-time work compensation systems 不勞流率勞了流 Sorrentino and Moy 流行見例勞降數句說勞不利勞更不 Brodsky 1994 降了勞類 Brodsky 勞 OECD 勞 OECD 了 37

44 行了論令度流率流率隆類數了料來來若 OECD 不利來勞 23 兩 OECD 1986 Abraham and Houseman 1994 裡不論隆兩說隆不 OECD 1986 論了勞勞勞理論 OECD 了不不降數說論理論不力不力兩勞來了論勞更來利 OECD 論論度度 OECD 更論勞數率降度數更 OECD 隆說類了 23 隆裡說不利 38

45 行勵練了降了亂 OECD 論了 24 隆 OECD 1986 論弄了 Abraham and Houseman 1994 流了利度料不來來量來不 Abraham and Houseman 勞行不來行來行料行勞勞 Abraham and Houseman 隆說流理論立念勞來行流論流利利來行了了勞更數流 25 勞 26 說 24 便 OECD 了勞不靈丹 Sarfati and Kobrin 連行 25 兩年 80% 年勞見 Kearl et al Colander and Klamer 行勞 2003 年落 39

46 率勞隆玲勞令勞易都勞勞數勞令勞隆玲率率率率率拉率率率都率隆玲隆流理論不勞勞勞說勞數年不利更勞度行不都利益利益不數隆勞勞不勞年女勞惡隆說不勞隆 40

47 勞勞勞不不惡 27 流 Card and Krueger 年紐了不來說紐了紐落 Card and Krueger 兩行了裡不紐了更紐度更 28 Card and Krueger 了年了不零了勞力流勞理論勞力勞力說來念不勞力力說更不說論裡 27 流勞年來了見 Fine 1992 ch2 Fine Yates Card and Kreuger 了了流 Card and Kreuger 不來說 41

48 說領流理論不見勞力流不索了利勞隆玲李 2003 勞裡 29 論勞利令不利不數來行力勞勞令例契勞利勞更不蘭 Kleinknecht 1998 蘭若更了力不了來降更惡累識識不累來壟力量流率練識累 Kleinknecht 不了力蘭力 Michie and Sheehan 2003 了不不行了勞來勞臨契不利行類流臨契契臨契類不臨類流 29 勞力料不論參不 42

49 行了聯類勞勞令率見說勞率來勞令勞率率勞年來勞令不勞不勞勞流了勞勞勞流勞理不了 / 兩勞勞不勞不不 2000 了數料勞率勞力率率數不列歷料勞說勞勞切什不勞不不 43

50 2.4 流行了度不不來理流念不流理論流理論立勞來行切勞勞勞令便了來切了 Fine 離了拉理論論來聯念不理 Fine 論降例說了來力說了不勞不不流理論了念來行流理論念塞說行數量來論理論兩例流理論令令勞不來勞理論流論來 44

51 流勞理論流理論來利力理論立牢了利度了了率不論來說說什理度兩了理了不不不不流理不不不不論理論力了流不來理不力兩切略不流念離流念行更說理論不 facts 流念流念來流年來念論來來力來易來率來來立離行利不更連 successive approximation 了理論理論 30 行來不來來理 30 Fine 刺 45

52 識來說理論說 31 來立論行論來論論念 Fine 說流來理念連理論立不來 Fine 句說流理論不論論論念了流勞理論略不不流勞理論了理論論不更識論理流理論念不流理論寧識論來理論來來理論理立律不理理論類不律切理論類來便 falsification 來理論理論力 Fine 不理論立力識立來 31 裡念流邏 46

53 行裂更說 stylized facts 流理論來流念行不律不不不律識論理律說留不行立來理論不不不來來說裂來論不列不立 Kay Mavroudeas 來來理論念理論念不來理論念了不不理論了說理了見流理論了不了流不了來律不流勞理論理論不 47

54 不立不律來邏說理論不略不更來不了流不理論不說不理論流理論念不勞不論邏亂理不令不聯念論論不說流識論論來論流論邏論 33 流論論離見理論理論不不論理不 32 列寧邏識論來列寧理不理裂來論了了理識來流念裂來流理論不理論論說李見劉 2002 論論識論了識流了識量離識不論利論識理論識論流更不識來聯行更索更說律來說論 48

55 論說聯列聯來理律來說不聯聯來理律論論不理立聯切了度行數量來論聯論什不流來說李 2001 流論了年來率廉勞力 34 率降 35 率率率率率不李勞來聯不不來來列了率率率例六勞數率例行率 elasticity 利 34 勞李 2001 不 35 裡不 49

56 年來率數率率率率率率例例率率勞率都不勞率率李來讀 85 率勞 86 說了列 86 論論了說兩什行率更立率率念來說勞力練勞力率來率勞不不易勞累率練勞不勞力例率率率 50

57 來 36 不論易不論率念立數了論 7~9 年來歷率 7 降 7 勞力 9 率不降例率說來率說理論亂不來不勞李 2001 裂裂力力不力力李力力兩兩度率句說不來來理論流裡留裡了說不來不切類流 36 來不不率念率勞行不 Haltiwanger 理論念參 Fine

58 說不論什狀不不良不流行量了論不略了來流念論論裡了列說不說 stylized facts 說流理論來流念行不了不來不流論裡不理不律說律了立理論論不論理論立來更來見流了來 McCloskey 兩數量立兩量來說數立來兩數了易兩不不兩數列量例量來數 52

59 鍊數數諸更論都什不了 McCloskey 例流論 McCloskey and Ziliak 年 American Economic Review 行 70 % 了類便量了行論來論律淪論來律便了數量流論數洞量異數律了律 37 若流更說說老律隆 2000 力度落了不不說了數量 37 論來立律來論理力說 53

60 論論更理論立論說立女度來數兩 Weston elasticity 了兩聯來說了 A B B A Weston 理論論立論來了不裡理論裡來論理不洞律不論數來立理理論洞理論論裡 contentless abstraction 洞立來流論不論聯論論裡說句不論論論老論論來念論不裡說論老念論論裡說論論說論論量更念論說論兩論類論來念論不論論理念不論立勞力來立勞勞不流不來論論念論勞度論來說論論流理論理論論兩裡見 Fine Mohun

61 不立來律流理論邏立見立 Mavroudeas 更立不來洞理論李 2001 裂理不不亂來更裂寧什不行了更說來理論來不立理論來率說例說易度率聯來 1990 年易度降 1990 年率都陸易度 1990 年都 1990 年率都降率李裡不兩聯來論更說度度數易度 7-80% 說論列 113 來流理論來裡了易裡勞論了論 55

62 律裂不論立理論不不 2.6 勞 / 勞來說不亂什理論說流不亂理論來論流來行論勞讀不論流論行不類讀了理來論理論流數理論不不 2003 率說不說勞不了率了略了行勞勞行論 39 了勞金立年金勵論力降不來勞力降勞論兩說說力降勞 39 洞論不論理勞說不說勞不了率不行裡論洞流理論行論論論流理論見 56

63 離數易金不離數療行來 GDP 例數率裡不立裡不論離數 GDP 例不說了 / 不例論數理理類勞不數量行理例更說便論理不理零說率降什便老說不邏來什理論論論了勞力降 40 來論裡勞不理論裡了理論論理論不 40 量裡例數來 57

64 論裡理論度不流勞說若練不論了 W = P LPP W P LPP 勞 P P P W /LPP W/LPP 1 W W 若 LPP =LPP 2 LPP LPP 若 W =W 3 兩不論說識裡 P P 不 P 不 P 裡若 P P 了來了數率 GDP 率行數勞力數不數更裡 W = P LPP 來流數數勞量說勞勞流數念立論不流理論行 43 論 41 流類來說不 42 論論不不論理論裡論不論行讀參 Fine 1997b, 1999 理論 43 讀參 Fine 1980 Weeks

65 數流念理了勞不來勞來 44 數 y = f(k, L) K L 勞數不勞數量說數數不理勞更不勞勞便不不切理了數量量若 L K 不 y 不 y = f(k, L) 數不數流數勞行不不說理論更裡流 W=P LPP 勞勞率裡了利率勞不利率勞了來說裡行兩不來利利來不勞力理論理說利率 Weeks 44 數流拉數拉數勞勞勞魯不不 Douglas 見

66 理論行不來行都 endowment 行不理論不來裡理論不論都不行利利勞了利率數 Weeks 流勞不利率勞勞行利率勞理論不利率利率理便理論 Weeks 流行來行勞勞 45 不行念論不勞勞不不勞勞勞不流流更說 / 不 2.7 流不流勞勞來不了 45 勞不說流理論說勞不勞流說令論見 Fine 1980 Weeks

67 來理論了理論度率理論來論兩論 46 不了理論了流勞理論 Amadeo and Horton 1997 率理論勞論勞易降勞勞勞勞力力勞不利力力勞不勞勞勞來來易不不降了力降來更契易不力來勞不練不勞不更降力 Amadeo and Horton 契力不易錄勞臨不懶力勵更利力契錄降了率了不率理論 Shapiro and Stiglitz 1984 例 Shapiro and Stiglitz 兩理論句說不不了不懶便懶了來了勞 46 陸 Shapiro and Stiglitz 1984 說流勞不念勞勞力來說劉勞論來了 Amadeo and Horton 61

68 律臨不 Shapiro and Stiglitz 來說來率率 endogenous 論論行累 Shapiro and Stiglitz 率了理論離理論論復了理論不論懶行不了歷理行理論勞勞來不車來不勞利懶來勞律勞 Shapiro and Stiglitz 料來了料行 Shapiro and Stiglitz 47 Shapiro and Stiglitz 流 Solow 1990 識勞不不流勞不流 Solow 不流勞略了來 Solow 勞度不 unfair 例說不度度不不行不降寧不降利行理量說率類理論來說 47 說不說勞裡說勞流念裡裂令度勞見 Fine

69 不降率理論 48 來來易懶不降力理論來說力了金 rent 不練不力累更來行 Solow Solow 兩說了不降說不降不降來不歷來 49 流理論 prisoner s dilemma game 更來率降更了狀降裡利不寧略 equilibrium strategy Solow 來勞不勞念來說勞說樂樂理論 Fine 更勞了金不論金了理勞勞了類金 Fine Solow 率理論 Akerlof and Yellen 1986 Solow Shapiro and Stiglitz 1984 留懶行 Shapiro and Stiglitz 老 Solow Fine 度理論邏了論歷見 Fine and Milonakis 2003 Douglass North North 度理論領 63

70 Solow 更勞什 Fine 例不論了什利益利益都立來說都略理論連不類理論不都利益利兩行不度歷 Fine 流不不勞 / 勞論連流理論兩理論勞 / 勞念說異念讀勞 / 勞了來行論領了理不聯邏兩來洞念了勞 / 勞勞量勞不不勞 / 勞不勞不弄勞論勞不勞 / 勞切流念流理念理論勞句說流說 64

71 勞不說說 2.8 流勞理論不論裂不流了勞 / 勞離念了流行了數勞論不不理論流理論不了亂勞了論勞李理論說了說不立率若率降勞年女易來老女率不不立不臨不惡勞勞令切 OECD 1999 勞令論陸勞勞說料李論來了不都識不 51 勞 52 陸 53 勞都李李了歷來勞李 1975 李 2000 李說不說陸勞勞不 65

72 裡李說力若說說立識領了類率理論李裡來說不行不了說塞讀勞了不數 54 不理論更不行來說勞說不率論流度利不流來說說理論不理論了不流念了說流理論念裂更理論離識不識不說什狀狀什說不了里論兩例神來說惡說說歷見 Bellofiore 1999 金

73 理論 3.1 理論勞理論理論不論勞理論領更論不理論來不論流理論理論裡念論更理論理論了流流度理論了力理勞勞理論理論勞理論 Piore 2002 年年來歷年來領來 55 了行說勞力了度度度句說率不了年來了勞力利切立理論來 Piore 裡女數了更年 Piore 理論來理論異理 Piore 勞力理論勞力理論 Doeringer and Piore 1971 Berger and Piore 1980 Sabel 55 參見 Fine 1997a

74 了理論 1984 來兩理論聯理勞理論勞理論來勞力利度 Doeringer and Piore 量 1965 年 80 勞力來理論兩勞來臨力落勞勞力不女數勞說利不勞力論論立裡不論論來了什了兩理論念念了論理論說 Piore 來理說不說來不識論理論識理論理論歷 Piore and Sabel 1984 年了不了說理論露念理論更露理論念理論勞力理論說兩理論了 3.2 理論兩理論 mass production 68

75 dichotomy 量度不行勞 niche market 利量 56 力聯 craft production 勒例車勒類林論例利利 Emilia-Romagna 車例 Piore and Sabel 1984 說 19 力 20 列年年列了了 The Second Industrial Divide 歷來來 60 年 Doeringer and Piore 來量 1965 年 80 勞力 80 年了 Sabel 1982 Piore and Sabel 1984 留不不留了 Katz and Sabel 1985 了行來勞了 Piore 度度了度句說率不力量勞來說度不理理 Piore and Sabel 理論 Piore and Sabel 歷不論論 56 理論說不 69

76 說 Piore and Sabel Piore and Sabel 了論率 Piore and Sabel 率不率狀了例行度練不留來行度量 erased 來料廉不了省料省勞力不料來便 Piore and Sabel 論 1940 年量勞力論說勞力了勞力不勞力 Piore and Sabel 了理論歷 Piore and Sabel 料力量來力量了類邏便力量來 Piore and Sabel 句說了邏不了論了不論歷不劣了不易更說句說率歷了便 70

77 了了 70 年列了 60 年率利率不 Piore and Sabel 裡 57 了降了降了力 Piore and Sabel 了更易 Piore and Sabel 來率降易拉略不了路更年不來 core market Piore and Sabel 不臨了更烈了例來不利量率勞量零 Piore and Sabel 便例了若說亂不見力僚勞不 Piore and Sabel 論便裡兩了便來 57 Fine 不流不 71

78 3.2.2 論論來說念說了理論亂 Piore and Sabel 1984 留論例 Piore 1986a 1986b Hirst and Zeitlin ed 論了來說更例了量利略兩更說量勒離 Sabel 流力了度句說勞力 craft production 論來類兩念行不了率理理論倫理 Sabel 1982 論利數 5 50 了流 15 兩陋利亂了 72

79 數來 58 勞度理裡力勞力勞識識了力力度類來利力靈度了力來行聯料不烈類律老 collegial 力了 Sabel 盧說勞聯不不裡了 Sabel 裡論論論練論來不裡論了例理累練 Campbell, Currie and Warner 勞論了兩勞了勞練累理論練更更 58 Sabel 1982 了念不論念理論念路不蘭 73

80 論不行勞立累更識識勞利行勞率練參理來 Piore 1986b 59 金年 60 不論不類年論車 Katz Sabal 勞利參利利利利 Katz and Sabal 力零了行度不力惡惡勞 Hirst and Zeitlin 裡不了論略了力不了理率惡論來說不度力度行 Piore 1986a 度念理略說來行度來了勞不 59 了論 60 Piore 1986b 利利力 30 年力不立立利利壟力量理不理率 74

81 兩不論理不利僚論歷論度率立勞 Hirst and Zeitlin 理連率落歷來勞歷 Sabel 例度不 Sabel 不識利 Sabel 理論來便理論理論理論不 Gertler 1988 便理論了累不理論念更念便了數理論理論論行不兩類類論理論了 75

82 便來不類理論例不理論 Sabel 類度利類 Taplin 1996 了了勞力 Smith 了 Sabel 1982 論狀來什 Smith 1991 力糖降數了流不來零勞度理流利 Sabel 例暴露了 61 例裡女 Tickell and Peck 1995 了類 Classic Fordism Flex-Fordism Flawed Fordism State Fordism 利 Delayed Fordism Peripheral Fordism Racial Fordism Hybrid Fordism 不類不不 Williams et al 了 Piore and Sabel 1984 論說了論車例更量 Pollert 1988a 說不論樂更不說了略來說不利 61 Fine

83 利 Pollert 論說不 Pollert 1991 Walsh 1991 旅零料論臨什力例來說列勞勞 Amin 1991 了理論利 62 裡不力 50% 12-16% Amin 1991 利率利率了力了 % % 北力利利來更不 Toscana Emilia Romagna 裡女不金更更來不不利不度不立數年來亮麗度便利 Ross 2004 ch2 利便不量女利 62 見 Murray 1987 歷 77

84 勞率連論更勞力論例漏洞車理 70 年路 63 理論 Piore and Sabel 1984 立 64 Piore and Sabel 了度 Just-in-time Piore and Sabel 度 Piore and Sabel Katz and Sabel 1985 更理了行 Sayer and Walker 更說理不了勞力 20% 林 1995 露度了省了了立都連更了路不冷降利益列若例行了量來說 63 Womack, Jones and Roos 1991 裡說路 Ronald Dore William Tabb 見 Burkett and Hart-Landsberg 2000 ch4 連類例不臨來不臨量 Burkett and Hart-Landsberg 不理論識論見論 78

85 便憐論利降林不論浪不勞論勞裡 1980 年更降 QC 量理度量省量力廉暴了利林 Parker and Slaughter 1988 露了念列說力說理說練更說來更良更度更更 65 切來利來更參更說度識領率不句說勞理力量類連立留車不行理來說車令量留不論例不數度勞理論了不勞降說理論數例浪暴歷 65 參 Parker

86 不了例露了理論不論說例了說理論來說更來 3.4 念流理論度不了兩不 Fine 論識離浪便更濾了不理論不來 vs. 念立來兩切履塞立論說立聯念兩論理論念立勞立兩立了不論亂參論論不論了理論了裡度行便說力度度 80

87 說例 1993 年 GM 列車 Moody Fine 例例車連論了 Piore 1992 理論了勞更說了理論亂 vs. vs. 66 Hirst and Zeitlin 1989b 例了行更 Fine 理例不理論更不兩來不兩例不來例論理論力理更理論來更理不理論見 66 Fine Schoenberger 1989 類列理論 Schoenberger 理論累念理論更不理論理論理論里兩來理論理論更理論理論例更理論論不 81

88 理論更理念不不更露了理論理念露了理論了了理論說了理論說念什理論來不 / 立說來更留更不例理論理論數理論拉 Hirst and Zeitlin 行了論理論念了理論理論理論不了理論了理論 Hirst and Zeitlin 理論參論來說理論兩理論念不理念不 68 說例不論兩異不例來理論理念不論來不來 Sayer and Walker 1992 說 67 理論不 Storper and Scott ed ch4 Hollingsworth and Boyer ed ch7 Hirst and Thompson 論 Globalization in Question 1999 了兩理念 82

89 立理論量論不論 70 年了來說歷歷了理念兩立不更理念不說更理論論來便理念來狀說兩劣兩便度 Hirst and Zeitlin 理來度兩理念不論說來度理念來度行勞理念來來論度浪論度率來量說什率不度理念來來理念行理論理論切略度行理論 Hirst and Zeitlin Hirst and Zeitlin 例數量率說了句說理念例理論行例說不說說了 Hirst and Zeitlin 裡行了 83

90 不令兩理念不度來理念論略略 Hirst and Zeitlin 說理論理念率來了歷歷了論說說度說略論度力裡來 Hirst and Zeitlin 來理論了不不不不來理論不不來理論理念了說理論歷識 Hirst and Zeitlin 兩行理念說不不行來理念識理念不律更歷不歷行說了歷立歷 1904 年歷論了立論 Werner Sombart 了歷立論論歷歷行良不理論不歷不了倫 Thorstein Veblun, J. R. Commons, 契 Wesley Clair Mitchell, 84

91 歷理念更歷論論理念理念不來不歷理理念不類 Clarke 理念量來來說理念來識歷識 Clarke 歷例理念離異度 Weber Methodology p.90 Callinicos 來流連 successive approximation Fine 連 the method of successive approximation 理論來立更來理論行來連立來 Fine 歷立 Böhm-Bawerk 便理論說不說利說不了立 Böhm-Bawerk Die Klassische National Okonomie Menger 類不利利行理論利理類理論利了理念念理論度不類行理度老度立度理論理論 Piore 便度 Dunlop 85

92 行切了 Weber Methodology pp.43-4 Callinicos 理論流論來理行來類行行類類 Weber Economy and Society pp.13, 14 Callinicos 不流異論什理論流異更來流流異 Clarke 1991 兩不理念倫理理度兩不立 Clarke 不理論流異理論勞理論理論 Fine 理論說勞理論兩理論兩來 Fine 勞理論勞理論 70 了 70 來勞理論了勞兩勞理論識更勞更見 Fine 1998 ch5 86

93 勞說了來勞理論勞來說勞理論勞勞勞利度勞勞落勞力勞年勞女數年兩勞不流了兩 Piore 1975 了勞兩不 upper tier lower tier 理倫理流便了勞力不理論勞 Fine 勞聯勞勞壟勞兩易零 Berger and Piore 不不勞力練度不便來留類不讀力不不不來留 Piore 1975 了不勞 87

94 來說 Piore 1975 理來勞勞力 middle class working class lower class 類來說了理流識量不量立聯 Piore 年來了 Piore 說 Piore 數說離不 Piore 理論來理論度 71 勞了利壟利行了行立類度說勞行 Fine 理論 Hirst and Zeitlin 理論 80 年了行裡裡勞理論塞理論識了勞 71 勞理論理論論了了勞理論更見 Fine 1998 ch5 88

95 論 / 來說裡勞例例 Botwinick 勞了勞來勞理論勞不勞力落 Humphries and Rubery 1984 勞行來勞理論勞理量不例 Attewell 更勞了不來勞理論來說便 Fine 說理論來說論不勞理不理勞 Doeringer and Piore 1971 Berger and Piore 勞勞力流練不力利勞度立勞勞說理來立率 Doeringer and Piore Botwinick 勞力量不力量勞不亂理亂壟勞 Berger and Piore / 了不 Piore and Sabel 裡 70 年 89

96 不力度力論 72 利力降狀易論了歷來流來流來類了了不 73 來論更了了 Fine 來說不類 Piore 說類類 Piore 1978 Fine 壟行更 74 Fine Piore and Sabel 車來說勞率率率降來易 Piore and Sabel 裡了度不聯來理流理念不理不說理不說留 75 說論不 Fine Piore and Sabel 理論見 Fine 1982 ch2 74 不說壟 75 不理論論行 76 裡理論理類更 90

97 立聯立聯兩類行來行不行不兩度不類來了了更不歷理律說 Piore and Sabel 論說累勞累弄例數 Statistical Abstract of The United States 理論年年不數 2297~ %~15.2% 來 1984 年更 % 倫行略勞療老 Nolan and O Dnnell 力說說不來說不力參劉 1997 理論 Bleaney 1976 不論理論說見 Fine and Harris 1993 ch5 Clarke 1994 Shaikh

98 來說力不料不了量料了 1975c 論連勞律說來來了念兩不論兩 4.3 論了不勞理論了 60 年流理論了了更論不來什了流見練說力 3.5 什了什來論論理論理理論來理更理論念不見 92

99 裡 a 行 1993 北不來度略勞勞更不裡論更不度落勞力不勞勞力來 casualize 勞力勞冷更理論料列論裡說來 flexible manufacturing system FMS 論理論行年練不力料不連串利 niche market 不量 80 年量留 80 年留來不力力不露不不了留不略兩流率累易不來留識不論行烈類理論類留金勞力路練量不 93

100 來來論論不來累聯年裡立立宅了了了例利蘭倫理 a 506 裡力力了勞行了不勞來不裡 1975a 506 切利來廉數量更烈勞勞了不 94

101 立勞路 1975c 263 裡不論樂年裡什更什了累聯立年不說什裡行律論念不論留邏來行說說更歷論例念理論念論來論暴露理論流 1994 度行了論不數量數力什力論不論論流論力來說便力 1994 不流不 95

102 Fine and Harris 年念來理論勞利行行理論了論流了論 78 理論論力 80 年 90 年 79 理論力量行理論 80 理論累理念來不律例令 2004a 81 說了來利不理 2004a 448 裡論便了論不力量 2004a 78 見論不見 Fine 1995 了理論理論理論了力量理論裡識不行理理論不立識離 Fine 1995 例 mineral-energy complex, MEC Ben Fine 論立行行 81 說 2004a 2004b 露來理論不理論讀了論料 96

103 448 論裡論了論理不力流來論度來說不不說便不立論力論不不不說論立略了裡不來不不立聯不聯論不數量不不數量便量了不不不數 1985 年了 61% 51% 1997 年 48.8% 2004a 448 句說不什不來說了靈什了流論易劣利率 2004a 450 不不不論說識識利兩利 97

104 利 3.6 了理論念識理塞立理論念行累律了理論理論說暴露流 Fine 理論流勞理論論 flexibility 兩不連理論勞理論流 King 度 Piore 勞流理論論理論了了度易念念更 Doeringer and Piore 1971 裡勞力理論不力量理論勞力連 Doeringer and Piore

105 4.1 勞理論理了念了論勞理論了勞理論了不理論理論行了念念了了不流勞理論理論律流勞理論理論理論理理勞力見兩理論論聯勞 / 勞說論兩理論不勞 / 勞來勞 / 勞論兩勞理論念說論來不切來理論洞理論兩兩理論念裡來勞 / 勞 99

106 流說勞勞易行勞不勞易易勞不什易裡更來不勞勞來說什不勞不不了不勞離了不裡勞例行勞量勞易 82 勞什不勞勞勞不留裡流不念流略了不來什流略了見論勞勞勞來勞量勞不聯來行易了不例 82 不說勞勞不不不 100

107 流來不說不不說例例流來狀不狀行立見離來說來說離了說不不離列了說什流行律來不不量理念量理念不律更律了論了律念來行說來行 1975c 212 說離說離 1975c 212 說律了不不論略裡了論念論說泥說律切了 1975c 923 句說律聯來聯不裡不例不例量來類流論不 101

108 量例不什量說不什裡說異例不行裡了論了類力量類勞類勞更說類勞勞了類勞不不類例說不類類勞不類了量異例行說不類不類類勞量異了來兩勞兩勞句說勞了勞量異類勞類勞 1975a 51 不類勞例例不量來類勞裡量勞量來勞量勞來裡勞類勞類勞勞勞勞練度勞度勞 1975a 52 了量了不例不例了類勞勞兩不類勞類勞兩不 102

109 量例不量異例了例不類勞來量量念論理念不裡類勞勞不來了切念念不來勞勞勞說了勞勞勞不勞勞量勞來說勞量勞來量勞勞勞勞力量料契了不契契勞契勞不勞不勞了不勞不勞便零了隸隸隸隸離勞不見勞不勞流數勞勞量了勞來說勞識來勞了 103

110 料利更 M C 來 M M C M M M M M m 利 M M 更易不說不量料勞行不理了論不了行不來說 A 了 B 了 B 流不來說了了切勞不勞不勞更不勞勞勞行了勞勞說易易了不什了不理流切立論理論念路論勞契不勞勞勞不令勞行勞不勞來勞勞什勞力勞力勞力力力 1975a 190 來勞勞不不了勞力 104

111 行勞行勞來不勞來數年立勞勞力說勞力不勞力數勞勞力行勞不勞力勞不行勞不勞力勞力勞理勞力不勞路了勞力勞力復力勞力勞力勞力不不勞力勞不不 1975a 219 勞力勞更來勞不更利 M M 切履行了律勞力都了勞力令來 1 令 6 便不不流流 3 令流領行不流領行流勞力不流行流領行 1975a

112 不勞 / 勞勞力勞力勞力勞不勞力勞勞不更 4.3 度來勞力勞力什流理論留裡流論勞力不兩裡度來行兩聯類不勞勞行利歷勞勞不理論說不論勞料離行來行不 1975b 44 勞力立勞勞力契句說了隸度度勞隸度勞力了隸勞勞力隸不勞度勞不勞力行勞了隸勞勞力契律勞力勞力歷勞力勞了壟了勞料行勞 106

113 便不不勞力來料行勞不金不勞力勞力來勞力 1975a 192 降勞離來壟裡行勞勞來說行勞力勞力勞利句說勞力立歷立勞力離來勞勞 4.4 流理論了切流理論不論論論立了了不立來離立來了流理論 5.2 行例不勞類勞量說不不不來來來見

114 勞不來行聯了例行不勞力來 G G 度了勞力更勞度勞了勞勞力不見勞契了勞行了勞勞勞勞勞勞力了了勞勞了隸度隸勞勞度年例勞度勞了勞勞力壟料不流理論了列勞聯勞不料了什不勞不來利利來了來流來 M C M 來了了勞力 108

115 s M C C LP MP 領領 M s P MP C LP 勞力 P Fine and Saad-Filho 裡不 M C P C M P C M C P C M C P C 行不例便行不累 1975b

116 流力行了 1975b 68 不了 1975b 69 不論來更連來來連來流來 Fine 勞來說勞便利率數念兩便例理論念念勞勞理論易了易量勞理論力來量理論來勞理論勞倫理量理 Fine 利流論更行來理度來利行不 Fine 歷理論理念念論流理論來歷惡 110

117 利什利切立說歷來說流不行行留論了度來留歷洞理論歷歷度來說理論了立理論度來說力理論識識倫理來說論歷度理論理論說念來力 [ ] 了念念來念理 [ ] 立論不論 1975d 了流理論勞力勞勞勞力來勞立勞力勞了勞力勞 111

118 勞來不理說了理論說流理論立不了流來識識流理論理論領行類理論力行不來理識神列歷 1975a

119 5.1 流勞理論念流勞理論不料論行理論識流勞理論不念不念理流率降理論歷念兩理論不不領勞塞了念了不說流勞理論更識識來了不識流行勞聯更行不勞念塞念勞不念來行不念行 5.2 勞理論了念勞臨念不了念流理論兩路領行行律 113

120 兩路來不流來不度歷來領理論了更領理論裂狀了 Fine 1998 ch5 勞理論 segemented labour market theory 理論 83 了理論來來說勞了勞 84 裡不來行不勞勞勞不領不勞異不勞不句說勞理論來勞來不識不行理論不不不說理論理理論理聯不來切不來了 Fine 1998 ch7 ch10 勞兩異 Fine Saad-Filho 理論更理論見 Mavroudeas a 1999b 84 理論了狀見 Fine 1998 ch6 Rebitzer

121 勞理論理論理論說念來念來說行不勞理論不 115

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