public private a

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "public private 2 3 1. 2 2003a 4 5 1. 3 6 401 2010 5"

釜钿王
7 years ago
Views:

1 * / / ± *

2 public private a

3 = =

4 1 2 3 recursion 2003a b 9 + VV + N + V 10 瑏瑡 / / watakushi watashiboku ore watakushi watashi ore boku 瑏瑢 /

5 瑏瑣 2006 Romaine 瑏瑤 / / / 瑏瑥 / / / 404

6 瑏瑦瑏瑧 Feng 1995 瑏瑨 / Victor Shiklovsky habitualizationautomatization

7 defamiliarization re-barbarization 瑏瑩 4. 瑐瑠瑐瑡 / / / 瑐瑢 1982 瑐瑢瑐瑣 Romaine

8 / / / / V 2. * 3. A /V A /V NP V NP V NN A 4. /

9 瑐瑤 5. 3 Romaine 2001 Qur ān 瑐瑥 Lanham a If the cravings of hunger and thirst are denied satisfaction if a man is kept from food and drink b starvation results finally in mortification and the individual s life is terminated the man starves to deathand there is an end of him c This is a result which arrests the attention of even the least observant mind. as any fool can see d hunger and thirst cannot be neglected with impunity. a man ought to eat and drink. e He still reserves the aspects and notions of a living human being The manworse luckdoes not starve to death f He never attains completeness and health but walks lame to the end of his life g returns imperfect and good for nothing 408

10 6. grammaticality * * 瑐瑦 Vσ Vσ 瑐瑧 Vσσ Vσσ / VV diglossia 瑐瑨瑐瑩

11 ± ± 瑏瑡瑏瑢瑏瑣瑏瑤 50% 瑏瑥 / 2010 瑏瑦 62% 26% 12% 瑏瑧瑏瑨 1984 瑏瑩 320 Robert Scholes ed. Structuralism in Literature Robert C. Freeman ed. Linguistics and Literary History Wellek and A. WarrenTheory of Literature 瑐瑠瑐瑡 unsayability 瑐瑢 = 瑐瑣 2009 瑐瑤瑐瑥

12 1991 瑐瑦瑐瑧 / 瑐瑨 * * * + N on-going change 2000 瑐瑩 a 2003b Meaning and Form Essays in Pre-Modern Chinese Grammar. ed. Ken-ichi Takashima & Jiang Shaoyu. Lincom Studies in Asian Linguistics 55. Lincom GmbH

13 ChaoYuen-ren 1968 A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. University of California Press. FengShengli 1995 Prosodic Structure and Prosodically Constrained Syntax in Chinese. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania Prosodically Constrained Postverbal PPs in Mandarin Chinese. Linguistics RomaineZuzanne Multilingualism In The Handbook of Linguistics. ed. Mark Aronoff and Janie Rees-Miller. 2001Blackwell Publishers Ltd. LanhamRichard 1983 Analyzing Prose. Continuum

14 ZHONGGUO YUWEN STUDIES OF THE CHINESE LANGUAGE September 2010 Special Issue for the Celebration of the 60 th Anniversary of The Institute of Linguistics of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences SHEN JiaxuanDivision of negatives and noun /verb division in English and Chinese The most important division of negatives in English is between the negation of nouns and the negation of verbsbut not between the indicative negation and the non-indicative negationnor between the negation of is and the negation of there is. In Chineseon the contrarythe most important division of negatives is between the indicative negation and the non-indicative negationor between the negation of you there is and the negation of shi is but not between the noun negation and the verb negation. This difference further supports the thesis that while in English nouns and verbs are two separate categories the verbs in Chinese constitute a sub-category in the category of nounsand the noun-verb distinction should not be overemphasized in the study of Chinese grammar. The philosophical background of this difference between English and Chinese is also briefly discussed. Key words negativenounverbenglish-chinese comparison FENG ShengliOn mechanisms of Register System and its grammatical property This article discusses the linguistic nature of register register is a term tentatively used here for the Chinese term yuti and proposes that register should be defined in terms of language communications it is a result of signifying the relationships between speaker and listener when they communicate to each other with languages. It is then argued that a theory of register should be built upon at least two polarized units the formal-informal units and the elegant-casual unitswhich are the basic categories of a register system. It is finally shown that the opposite components in the register system are not only inhered indwelled with their own vocabulary and syntax i. e. the register grammar but also serve as crucial mechanisms for forming different genre and styles in rhetoric and literature i. e. its stylistic function. Key words theory of registerregister grammarregister and genre-styleformal and informaldegree of elegant-formality CHEN ManhuaThe non-cataphoric zero subject clause motivated by background information packaging The non-cataphoric zero subject clause is a non-embedded zero subject clausethe covert logic subject of which is not identical with the overt subject of the main clause. The forming of the structure is motivated by the background information packagingwhich leads to a series of syntactic effects. The primary one is that the verb in the structure tends to be a non-finite one. The degrading of the structure is fulfilled by syntactic means. It shows that the non-cataphoric zero subject clause in Modern Chinese evolves from the corresponding adverbial clause. Key words backgroudingthe non-cataphoric zero subject clauseindependencezero anaphorsyntactic

1963 7 8 3 3-1 9 7 1961 6 7 1961 7 20 3 10 1961 6 28 1961 7 11 7 20 7 11 1 25

1957 3 1 15427 1 4 50. 27mm 36. 4g 1 3-2 2 2 1 5 1927 1932 1937 50mm 23. 1g 2 5 1 4 6 1961 24 1963 7 8 3 3-1 9 7 1961 6 7 1961 7 20 3 10 1961 6 28 1961 7 11 7 20 7 11 1 25 瑏瑡 7 28 1 7 /20 2 7 /28 1961