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1 HEREDITAS (Beijing) , 34(4): ISSN 遗传学教学 DOI: /SP.J 巴氏小体案例在遗传学教学中的应用 1, 陈凡国 2, 侯丙凯 1, 2 1., ; 2., 细胞遗传学在染色体水平上有 3 个经典问题, 即巴氏小体多线染色体和灯刷染色体的形成机制和遗传学效应其中巴氏小体因其与哺乳动物在两性间 X 染色体的剂量补偿效应人类性别鉴定和某些人类疾病的相关性而引起科研和教学工作者的持续关注在遗传学教学过程中, 作者尝试将国外的案例教学方式引入教学实践, 将巴氏小体这一经典遗传学问题作为一条线贯穿于遗传学教学的部分环节, 例如伴性遗传基因表达调控癌症发生以及遗传学实验, 最后通过课堂讨论会的形式全面总结相关的遗传学知识结果发现, 这种改进的教学方法不仅可以优化遗传学教学内容, 拓宽并巩固学生的遗传学基础知识, 形成了对一个经典遗传学问题的系统观发展观 ; 还能引导和激发学生对生命科学的兴趣, 收到了良好的教学效果遗传学 ; 细胞遗传学 ; 巴氏小体 ; 研究进展 ; 案例教学 Application of the Barr body case in teaching practice of genetics CHEN Fan-Guo 1,2, HOU Bing-Kai 1,2 1. Genetic teaching and research group, School of life science, Shandong University, Jinan , China; 2. The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life science, Shandong University, Jinan , China Abstract: There are three classical problems at the chromosome level in cytogenetics, namely the formation mechanisms and effects of Barr body, polytenic chromosome, and lampbrush chromosome. Teachers and researchers keep sustaining attention to the Barr body because of the relationships between Barr body and the X chromosome dosage compensation effect in mammals, the human sex identification, and some human diseases. In our genetics teaching practice, we tried the case-based teaching method. We introduced the classical problems and research progress of the Barr body, as a line, into partial sections of our genetics teaching contents such as sex-linked genetic analysis, eukaryotic gene expression regulation, cancer genetic analysis, and genetic experiments. Finally, it will form a comprehensive summary of related knowledge of genetics through class discussion on the Barr body. We found that this teaching method can not only optimize the teaching contents of genetics, consolidate and widen students' basic knowledge, and help student to form the systemic and developmental views of a classical genetics problem, but also inspire students interest in life sciences. Good teaching results have been achieved. 收稿日期 : ; 修回日期 : 基金项目 : ( ) 作者简介 :,,, Tel: ; fanguo2002@sdu.edu.cn 通讯作者 :,, Tel: ; bkhou@sdu.edu.cn 网络出版时间 : :52:03 URL:

2 504 HEREDITAS (Beijing) Keywords: genetics; cytogenetics; Barr body; research progress; case-based teaching, [1] ; ;,,,, ; [2], [3] [4],, [4~7],,, [8] , Nature Barr Bertram, [9,10],, XX 1959, X, XXY XO [11] 1961, Lyon [12], X X, 1971, Y, X X ,,,,, [13] 20 70, RNA XIST, XIST X, [4, 5] Kalantry [14] (Mus musculus) Xist X-, X, X Y, X 25%

3 4 : 505 X X, (Drosophila melanogaster) X ; (Caenorhabditis elegans) X, X [5] [4] X ; X, [4] X, X, [4] X, X X X X, X, [6,7,11,13,15,16],, [6, 7] 2 [17,18] [19,20], ;,, [10],,, [21], ; ;, ; [21,22] [3],,,,,,,, XX-XY, ;

4 506 HEREDITAS (Beijing) , 1968 ; 1992 Y PCR ; (),, 2000 [23], ( ), ; XO(Turner ) XXY(Klinefelter ) XXX( X / ), RNA RNA XIST,, X, 80,,, X,,,,, 1, 200 ( 109, 91 ), ( ) 0%~2.3%, 18%~42%, l μm,,,,,,,,, 20, 1949 Barr 1961 Lyon,,,

5 4 : 507,,, ; ;,, [21,22],, ;, ;,,,, ; [22], [24~28],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 参考文献 (References): [1] , 2008, 30(9): [2],,,,,.., 2010, 32(10): [3],.., 2009, 31(4): [4] Pageau GJ, Hall LL, Ganesan S, Livingston DM, Lawrence JB. The disappearing Barr body in breast and ovarian cancers. Nat Rev Cancer, 2007, 7(8): [5] Rens W, Wallduck MS, Lovell FL, Ferguson-Smith MA, Ferguson-Smith AC. Epigenetic modifications on X chromosomes in marsupial and monotreme mammals and implications for evolution of dosage compensation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2010, 107(41): [6] Morey C, Avner P. The Demoiselle of X-Inactivation: 50 years old and as trendy and mesmerising as ever. PLoS Genet, 2011, 7(7): e [7] Pontier DB, Gribnau J. Xist regulation and function explored. Hum Genet, 2011, 130(2): [8].., 2008, 30(2): [9] Barr ML, Bertram EG. A morphological distinction between neurones of the male and female, and the behaviour of the nucleolar satellite during accelerated nucleoprotein synthesis. Nature, 1949, 163(4148): [10],,. ( ). :, [11] Fiona AM. Your true and proper gender : the Barr body as a good enough science of sex. Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci, 2006, 37(3): [12] Lyon MF. Gene action in the X-chromosome of the mouse (Mus musculus L.). Nature, 1961, 190(4773): [13]. X. ( ), 1991, 12(2): [14] Kalantry S, Purushothaman S, Bowen RB, Starmer J, Magnuson T. Evidence of Xist RNA-independent initiation of mouse imprinted X-chromosome inactivation. Nature, 2009, 460(7255): [15] Wailoo K. Drawing blood: Technology and disease identity in twentieth-century America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.

6 508 HEREDITAS (Beijing) [16] Cantrell MA, Carstens BC, Wichman HA. X chromosome inactivation and Xist evolution in a rodent lacking LINE-1 activity. PLoS ONE, 2009, 4(7): e6252. [17].., 2010, 32(4): [18].. :, 2009, 31(4): [19] Klug WS, Cummings MR, Spencer CA, Palladino MA. Essentials of genetics (7th ed). London: Benjamin Cummings, [20] Hartwell LH, Hood L, Goldberg ML, Reynolds AE, Silver L. Genetics: from genes to genomes (4th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill, [21],,.., 2011, 19(4): [22].. ( ), 2011, 24(9): [23] Heggie V. Testing sex and gender in sports; reinventing, reimagining and reconstructing histories. Endeavour, 2010, 34(4): [24].., 2008, 30(3): [25],,,,,,,.., 2011, 33(9): [26],,,,.., 2011, 33(7): [27],.., 2011, 33(3): [28],,,.., 2011, 33(6): ˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇˆˇ 科学新闻李家洋院士等在水稻分蘖分子机制研究中再次取得重大进展,, moc1(monoculm 1), MOC1, MOC1 MOC1 (Li et al., Nature, 422: , 2003) MOC1, MOC1,, TAD1 (TILLERING AND DWARF 1) MOC1, tad1 moc1, TAD1 MOC1 TAD1 MOC1 TAD1 (anaphase-promoting complex, APC/C) APC/C E3, TAD1 MOC1, TAD1 Nature Communications ( ) ( ) ( ), MOC1 LAZY1 (Li et al., Cell Research, 17: , 2007) IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1(IPA1; Jiao et al., Nature Genetics, 42: , 2010) TAD1 (

名称生命科学学院 083001 环境科学 1 生物学仅接收院内调剂, 初试分数满足我院生物学复试最低分数线生命科学学院 071300 生态学 5 生态学或生物学生命科学学院 040102

名称生命科学学院 083001 环境科学 1 生物学仅接收院内调剂, 初试分数满足我院生物学复试最低分数线生命科学学院 071300 生态学 5 生态学或生物学生命科学学院 040102 华中师范大学 2016 年接收校内外优秀硕士研究生调剂信息表名称经济与工商管理学院 020101 政治经济学 1 经济学类毕业学校与报考学校不低于我校办学层次经济与工商管理学院 020105 世界经济学 1 经济学类毕业学校与报考学校