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1 处理走航式海洋多参数剖面测量系统 (MVP) 温度和电导率滞后效应的方法 1, 任强 2, 于非 1, 刁新源 1, 司广成 1 1, 魏传杰 (1., ; 2., ) 摘要 : 走航式海洋多参数剖面测量系统 (moving vessel profiler, MVP) 是一种集成程度和自动化程度都较高的海洋调查设备, 能对海洋多要素进行同时观测, 获得水平方向的高分辨率数据资料由于温度和电导率传感器响应时间的不匹配, MVP 下放速度过快 ( 峰值速度 4 m/s) 而造成非常明显的盐度尖峰现象本研究结合 Fofonoff(F) 法时间常数指数递归数字滤波 (Giles and McDougall, GM) 法和 Grose 提出的盐度尖峰订正方案, 提出了一种新的方法, 即 MCT(match conductivity and temperature response time) 法, 通过对压力温度和电导率传感器进行响应时间的匹配来减弱盐度尖峰将 SBE-9 型 CTD 资料作为标准, 发现订正后的资料与 CTD 盐度曲线的互相关系数为 0.917, 误差比订正前减小 80% 对比 35 N 断面修正前后的盐度资料, 订正后温盐跃层处出现的低盐区域消失 MVP 的应用比常规海洋调查仪器 CTD 对于海洋现象的观测更有优势关键词 : 走航式海洋多参数剖面测量系统 MVP; 盐度尖峰 ; MCT(match conductivity and temperature response time) 法中图分类号 : P 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2014) doi: /hykx Moving Vessel Profiler(MVP),, MVP MVP-200 ( (Conductance Temperature Depth, CTD) ( (Laser optical plankton counter, LOPC) (Sound velocity Sensor) MVP,,, 3~4 m/s,,,, [1], MVP 1 MVP, 25 Hz, MVP 12,,, MVP ( 70 m), 12, 5 min, 1.8 km 1 MVP Fig. 1 MVP working sketch MVP CTD,, : ; : : ( ) : (1989-),,,, :, : , rqiocas1989@ 163.com;,,,, yuf@ms.qdio.ac.cn Marine Sciences / Vol. 38, No. 8 /

2 , ( ),,, (T) (P) (C) T C P,,,, CTD,,,, 3,,,,, CTD CTD, MVP CTD, MVP CTD ( 1), 1 m/s 10 ms, 25 ms, 100 ms,, 3,,,, 4 m/s, 1 m/s, MVP,, 表 1 1 m/s 下放速度时 MVP 搭载的 CTD 传感器参数 Tab.1 The sensor parameters of CTD equipped in MVP with speed of 1 m/s 0~70 ms/cm ms/cm 25 ms ms/(cm m) 2~ ms ~1 000 m 0.05%FS 10 ms 0.005%FS, CTD Fofonoff [2] single-pole,, Grose [3], Giles McDougall [4] GM, [5] 3, [6] CTD, [7] CTD, match conductivity and temperature response times, MCT,, MVP 1 研究方法 1.1 MCT 法 MCT MVP 25 Hz, 40 ms, 100 ms, 10 ms, 90 ms 15 ms,, MCT,, (1), (2) C ( n) Cn ( ) Cn ( ) Cn ( 1) / t( m ) (1) C P C 60 / 2014 / 38 / 8

3 T ( n) Tn ( 2) Tn ( 3) Tn ( 2) / t( T P mt) (2), t, C, T, P, C(n), C (n), T(n), T (n), m C, 0 mc t ( c p), m T, 0 m t ( ) 1.2 盐度计算公式 T T p S PSS-78 [8-9], T ITS-90 [10] (3) 1/2 3/2 2 3/ S a ak ak ak ak ak S (3), a 0 =0.008, a 1 = , a 2 = , a 3 = , a 4 = , a 5 = ai 35000, 2 S 42, i 0 K 15 15, KCl 2 盐度订正方案 2.1 压力订正, v=dp/ t(dp ), 3,,,,,, dp,, 4 m/s,, dp 0, E, 35 N 2a dp/ t,,,, 2b,, MVP 3, 4 m/s 2.2 温度和电导率滞后订正 MCT, t 0, t c, 40 ms( ) 100 ms, 25 ms( ) 35 ms, ms ms,,,,,,, 10% ms, 35 ms,, 35 ms Fig. 2 2 (a) (b) The speed of lowering MVP before (a) and after (b) pressure corrected Marine Sciences / Vol. 38, No. 8 /

4 , 2, 105 ms, MCT Fig. 3 3 The conductivity at different response times and the original conductivity 5 ( ) ( ) Fig. 5 The temperature at different response time points (solid) and the original temperature (dotted) 4 ( ) ( ) Fig. 4 The salinity at different response time points of conductivity (solid) and the original salinity (dotted) 2.2.2, 100 ms( ) 130 ms, 5 ms ms,,, 6 ( ms),,,,, 105 ms, 105 ms 6 ( ) ( ) Fig. 6 The salinity at different response time points of temperature (solid) and the original salinity (dotted) 2.3 噪声平滑,,,,, [6] (5 ) 2.4 资料插值, 62 / 2014 / 38 / 8

5 ,,, 1 m 7,, Fig The salinity calculated by three different methods 7 ( ) ( ) Fig. 7 The salinity after interpolation (solid) and the original salinity (dotted) 2.5 与其他订正方法的比较 MCT MVP, MCT Grose [3] GM [4] 8 3, MCT, Grose GM,, MCT Grose GM, MVP, MCT 与 SBE-9 型 CTD 资料的比较 SBE-9 CTD,, SBE-9 CTD SBE-9 CTD MVP 2 9a MVP SBE-9 CTD, 9b, : (1)MVP, ; (2) MVP SBE-9 CTD 1.2,, 0.2, 80%; (3) MVP SBE-9 CTD 0.917, 2 2 2, MVP, SBE-9 CTD,,, MVP SBE-9 CTD, 2 1, CTD, SBE-9 CTD,, 9 MVP SBE-9 CTD (a) (b) Fig. 9 The salinity of the original, the correction and SBE-9 CTD Marine Sciences / Vol. 38, No. 8 /

6 MVP,, SBE-9 CTD,, 2 2, SBE-9 CTD, MCT 3 处理结果分析 MVP SBE-9 CTD N, ~123.5 E ( 35 N ),,, 2, MVP, 5 min, 35 N 385,,, Matlab,,,, 1 m SBE-9 CTD ( 10), 35 N ( 10a ),,, N Fig. 10 The isohaline of 35 N section a: ; b: ; c: SBE-9 CTD a: the original isohaline; b: the corrected isohaline; c: the isohaline of SBE-9 CTD data 64 / 2014 / 38 / 8

7 MVP MVP 35 N, 10a, ( 10b) SBE-9 CTD ( 10c), ( ), 2 MVP SBE-9 CTD,, MVP 123 E SBE-9 CTD ;, SBE-9 CTD MVP,, MVP SBE-9 CTD, MVP CTD 4 结论 MVP,, F GM Grose, MCT, MVP MCT, MVP SBE-9 CTD,, 35 N, MVP, MVP MCT,,, : [1] Brooke Ocean Technology Ltd. MVP200 Operation and Maintenance Manual[M]. Canada: Brooke Ocean Technology Ltd, 2010: [2] Fofonoff N P, Hayes S, Millard R C. WHOI/Brown CTD microprofiler: methods of calibration and data handling[r]. Woods Hole : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1974: [3] SCOR Working Group 51. The acquisition, calibration and analysis of CTD data[j]. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science.1988, 54: 94. [4] Giles A B, McDougall T J. Two methods for the reduction of salinity spiking of CTDs[J]. Deep Sea Research Part A Oceanographic Research Papers. 1986, 33(9): [5]. CTD [J]., 1992, 5: [6]. [J]., 1987, 4: [7],. [M]. :, 1991: [8] Océanographiques Gmdeslten. Background papers and supporting data on the international equation of state of seawater 1980[M]. Paris: Unesco, 1981: [9] Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards, Unesco. Background papers and supporting data on the practical salinity scale 1978[J]. Unesco technical papers in marine science. 1981, 37: [10] Preston T H. The International Temperature Scale of 1990(ITS-90)[J]. Metrologia. 1990, 27(1): Marine Sciences / Vol. 38, No. 8 /

8 A data processing method on the hysteresis effect of temperature and conductivity of moving vessel profiler (MVP) REN Qiang 1, 2, YU Fei 1, DIAO Xin-yuan 1, SI Guang-cheng 1, WEI Chuan-jie 1 (1. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao , China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China) Received: Aug., 23, 2013 Key words: moving vessel profiler (MVP); salinity spiking; match conductivity and temperature respsnse time (MCT) method Abstract: The moving vessel profiler (MVP) is a high integration and automatic equipment for marine investigation. Multi-parameter can be observed simultaneously to obtain data with high spatial resolution. Since the response time of sensors does not match between temperature and conductivity, a serious salinity spiking appears when the speed of lowering MVP is too fast (peaking speed 4 m/s). In this study, we proposed a novel method to weaken the salinity spiking via matching the response time of pressure, temperature, and conductivity sensors. The results showed that the error of corrected data was reduced by 80% compared with SBE-9 conductance temperature depth (CTD) data, and the cross-correlation with CTD data was In addition, the area of low salinity in halocline of 35 N section disappeared after correction. It indicated that MVP has advantages in fine structure over CTD. ( 本文编辑 : 李晓燕 ) 66 / 2014 / 38 / 8

第期李伟等用方法对中国历史气温数据插值可行性讨论

第期李伟等用方法对中国历史气温数据插值可行性讨论李伟李庆祥江志红使用插值方法对已经过质量控制和均一化的年月年月中国全部基本基准站气温资料逐月进行空间插值通过站点的实际序列与插值后格点序列进行比较针对相关系数和线性趋势等多个量来检验方法对气候资料插值的

Microsoft Word 任 强_news_.doc

Microsoft Word 任强_news_.doc