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1 声学法深海热液速度场测量重建算法研究 1, 1, 1, 1, (1., ;., 31003) 摘要 : 介绍了利用声学法测量深海热液速度场的基本原理利用往返飞渡时间差与流场速度的关系, 应用反问题求解技术重建测量区域的速度场应用最小二乘法对两种典型的热液口速度场模型进行了仿真重建, 分析了换能器数量实验测量误差以及换能器的布放对重建结果的影响, 并对重建结果进行了流量分析仿真重建的绝对误差相对误差以及流量分析结果表明, 最小二乘法具有较高重建精度, 增加声学换能器及细化网格可提高重建精度, 换能器对称分布时具有最优重建结果最后对声学法深海热液温度场速度场测量系统进行了介绍和说明深海热液速度场的测量重建可为热液热通量的测量奠定基础关键词 : 热液 ; 速度场 ; 声波 ; 重建算法 ; 最小二乘法中图分类号 : TB5 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (011) ,, [1-], ;, [3],,, (ADCP) [4],,,,,,,, ;,, 0 70 Mayo ( Mayo foudatio ) Johso [5] Brau [6] (CT ) Gree [7] [8-10],,, : ; : : 863 (007AA09Z13); (008R1000); ( ); : (1985-),,,, : , by-swallow@163.com;,, : , maojie@gmail.com 4 / 011 / 35 / 3

2 [11] 1 速度场声学法测量原理 A B L, Δt AB L Δ tab = (1) c AB AB, L Δ tab = () + vab v AB AB, B A L Δ tba = (3) vab : L L LvAB ΔtAB Δ tba = = (4) + vab vab vab v AB c 3 [1-14], v AB, : LvAB 正反差 AB BA (5) Δ t =Δt Δ t = z, xy, z z,, z θ, z, w= v/cosθ (6), w, v 1 (5) Δ t = Δt Δ t = 正反差 AB BA LwAB cosθ (7) w AB AB, 基于最小二乘法的速度场重建及其模型.1 重建原理,, Wi ( i = 1,, L, ),, m,,, 3 =16, m=18 Fig. Acoustic measuremet paths ad mesh Fig. 1 1 Priciple of the measuremet of velocity 3 Fig. 3 Top view of acoustic measuremet paths ad mesh Marie Scieces / Vol. 35, No. 3 /

3 ,, 3 L ki k i, w i i, (7), k(k=1,,, m) Δt : k akiwi i= 1 Δ t = (8) Δt k Δτ k : ε =Δτ Δ t =Δτ a w (9) k k k k ki i i= 1 (9), m Δτ k akiwi = 0, : wi k= 1 i= 1 T T A A W = A t (10) W = ( w1, L, w ) T, t = ( Δt1, L, Δt ) T m, A m, a11 a1 L a1 a1 a a L A = (11) M M M am1 am L am cosθ, a ki ki = L ki, θki i k c wcosθ z, c Δ t = d l, w c, dl (10), m,,,, (10) : T 1 T W = ( A A) A t (1),,,,. 流量分析 : i= 1 i Q = w A (13) i, w i i ; A i i ; ; 3 速度场重建仿真, [15] : CDSt (,, ) = C(0, St, ) + ( td ) + ( ) D + [ ( S 35)]( S 35) td (14) C(0, S, t) = t 5.1t t + ( t t )( S 35) (15) C, m/s ; D, km; t=t/10, T, C ; S m, D 1 km, S=45, 3 C = 0.3t 5.1t t (16) t = 0 C m m [1-14], 0.01 m/s, 4 m/s,,,,, 3.1 速度梯度较小的速度场模型, : w= 4si(0.5π x)si(0.5π y) (17), 16, a 5a, 4b 5b 4, 5, 44 / 011 / 35 / 3

4 Fig. 4 4 Three-dimesioal display of velocity fields,,, m 3 /s; m 3 /s; m 3 /s, 15.17%,,, Δt ± %, c 5c,, m 3 /s; m 3 /s, 15.48%,, 4, 3, 19, d 5d 4, 5,, m 3 /s; m 3 /s; m 3 /s, 10.0%,,,, 16, 6a : (0.5, 0, 0), (0.75, 0, 0), (, 0.5, 0), (, 0.75, 0), (1.75,, 0), (1.5,, 0), (0, 1.75, 0), (0, 1.5, 0), (0.5, 0, 1), (0.75, 0, 1), (, 0.5, 1), (, 0.75, 1), (1.75,, 1), (1.5,, 1), (0, 1.75, 1), (0, 1.5, 1) 48, e 5e 4, 5 Marie Scieces / Vol. 35, No. 3 /

5 Fig. 5 5 (m/s) Cotour display (m/s) of velocity fields,, m 3 /s; m 3 /s, 7.57%,,, 16, 6b : (0.5, 0, 0), (0.75, 0, 0), (, 0.5, 0), (, 0.75, 0), (1.75,, 0), (1.5,, 0), (0, 1.75, 0), (0, 1.5, 0), (1.35, 0, 1), (1.8, 0, 1), (, 0.15, 1), (, 1.4, 1), (1.7,, 1), (0.3,, 1), (0, 0.6, 1), (0, 0.3, 1) 48, f 5f 4, 5,, m 3 /s; m 3 /s, 91.8% 3. 速度梯度较大的速度场模型, : ( x 1) + ( y 1) w = 4e 0.1 (18), 16, g 5g, 4h 46 / 011 / 35 / 3

6 :,,,,,,, 7 6 Fig. 6 Nouiform arragemet of acoustic trasmitters ad receivers 5h 4, 5,,, m 3 /s; m 3 /s; m 3 /s, 18.36%,,, 4, 3, 19, i 5i 4, 5,,, m 3 /s; m 3 /s; m 3 /s, 17.44% 4 实验系统 PXI-540, PXI-6133, RHS-30 7 Fig. 7 Experimetal platform,, [16],, 5 结论,,, ; %, ;, ;,, Marie Scieces / Vol. 35, No. 3 /

7 ,, 0.1m [17-18],,,,, [17],, : [1] Stei C A, Stei S. A model for the global variatio i oceaic depth ad heat flow with lithospheric age[j]. Nature, 199, 359: [],,,. [J]., 00, 4(6): [3] Sarrazi J, Rodier P, Tivey M K, et al. A dual sesor device to estimate fluid flow velocity at diffuse hydrothermal vets[j]. Deep-Sea Research I, 009, 56: [4],. [J]., 1997, 6: [5] Johso S A, Greeleaf J F, Taaka M, et al. Recostructig three-dimesioal temperature ad fluid velocity vector fields from acoustic trasmissio measuremets[j]. ISA-Tra, 1977, 16(3): [6] Brau H, Hauck A. Tomographic Recostructio of Vector Fields[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, 1991, 39(): [7] Gree S F. Acoustic temperature & velocity measuremet i combustio gases[c]//tie C L, Carey V P, Ferrel J K. Proceedigs of the Eighth Iteratioal Heat Trasfer Coferece. Sa Fracisco, Califoria USA: Hemisphere Pub Corp, 1986: [8],,. [J]., 003, 3(11): [9],,. [J]., 006, 6(13): [10],. [J]., 004, 4(6): [11] Sielschot H. Measuremet of hrizotal flow i a large scale furace usig acoustic vector tomography[j]. Flow Meas Istrum, 1997, 8(3/4): [1] Marc B B, Kerszberg M, Gaill F, et al. A modelig approach of the ifluece of local hydrodyamic coditios o larval dispersal at hydrothermal vets[j]. Joural of Theoretical Biology, 008, 55: [13] Coverse D R, Hollad H D, Edmod J M. Flow rates i the axial hot sprigs of the East Pacific Rise(1 N): implicatios for the heat budget ad the formatio of massive sulfide deposits[j]. Earth ad Plaet Sciece Letters, 1984, 69: [14] Fouquet Y, Auclai G, Cambo P, et al. Geological settigs ad mieralogical ad geochemical ivestigatios o sulfide deposits ear13 N o the East Pacific Rise[J]. Marie Geology, 1988, 84: [15] Coppe A B.Simple equatio for the speed of soud i Neptuia waters[j]. Acoust Soc Am, 1981, 69(3): [16],,,. [J]., 010, 31(4): 5-7. [17],,. [J]., 009, 16(6): [18] Butterfield D A, Seyfried W E J, Lilley M D. Compositio ad evolutio of hydrot hermal fluid[m]. Berli: Dahlam Uiversity Press, 003: / 011 / 35 / 3

8 Recostructio algorithm for acoustic measuremet of velocity field of deep-sea hydrothermal vets BAI Ya 1, MAO Jie 1, FAN Wei 1, PAN Hua-che 1, LIU Yu-feg (1. School of Mechaical Egieerig, Hagzhou Diazi Uiversity, Hagzhou , Chia;. Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipmet ad Advaced Processig Techology of Miistry of Educatio, Zhejiag Uiversity of Techology, Hagzhou 31003, Chia) Received: Mar., 15, 010 Key words: hydrothermal vets; velocity field; acoustic; recostructio algorithm; least square method Abstract: The basic theory of acoustic velocity field measuremet i deep-sea hydrothermal vets was itroduced. The time of flight (TOF) of acoustic sigals through hydrothermal vets was depedet o temperature ad velocity. The velocity field was recostructed by iverse problem solvig techiques based o the relatioship betwee the roud-trip TOF differece ad velocity of flow. The recostructio of velocity field usig the least square method was preseted. At the same time, flow flux of recostructio results was aalyzed. The results show that the least square method has good accuracy. Icrease of the umber of acoustic trasducers ad mesh desity ca improve the recostructio accuracy effectively. ( 本文编辑 : 刘珊珊 ) ( 上接第页 ) Geetic diversity aalyses of wild ad cultured Pseudobagrus ussuriesis populatios XU Ha-fu, HUANG He-zhog, FAN Wa-su, HE Hua-mi, JIA Yi-he (School of Medicie ad Life Scieces, Medical College of Soochow Uiversity, Fisheries Research Istitute of Soochow Uiversity, Suzhou 1513, Chia) Received: Ju., 6, 009 Key words: Pseudobagrus ussuriesis; wild populatio; cultured populatio; geetic diversity; SRAP Abstract: The sequece-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular marker techique was used to compare geetic structures of three populatios (oe wild ad two cultured) of Pseudobagrus ussuriesis. Samples of wild populatio were collected from Jiagsu Hogze Lake ad the two cultured populatios from Fisheries Research Istitute of Huaia (F geeratio) ad Suzhou Dogsha Aquatic Breedig Plats (F3 geeratio). Twelve pairs of SRAP primers were selected from 100 primer combiatios. Two hudred ad two amplified loci were obtaied from the three populatios, amog which 130 were polymorphic. The percetage of polyrorphic loci i the Hogze Lake (HL) populatio, Huaia populatios (HA), Suzhou Dogsha populatios (SZ) was 63.13%, 56.54% or 54.88%, respectively. The results idicated that geetic polyrorphism decreased i two cultured populatios. The Nei s gee diversity of three populatios was 0.641, or 0.469, respectively; the Shao s Iformatio idex of three populatios was , or , respectively. The geetic distace betwee wild populatio ad two cultured oes were ad , while the geetic distace betwee two cultured oes was The oticeable decrease i the umber of rare loci ad the icrease i the umber of homozygous recessive loci i the cultured populatio suggested a cosiderable loss of low frequecy alleles i the cultured populatios, which might have resulted from small effective populatio sizes durig artificial seed productio. I the future P. ussuriesis artificial propagatio should be chose to large sufficietly ad represetative paret groups to maitai the good traits to retai maximum geetic diversity. ( 本文编辑 : 梁德海 ) Marie Scieces / Vol. 35, No. 3 /

三农研究

三农研究中国农学通报 2014,30(34):315-320 Chiese Agricultural Sciece Bulleti 基于 DEA 的甘肃农业产业化国家重点龙头企业绩效评价王铁, 杨林娟, 王霖, 辛文文 ( 甘肃农业大学经济管理学院, 兰州 730070) 摘要 : 运用数据包络分析方

Microsoft Word - 白 燕_news_.doc

Microsoft Word - 白燕_news_.doc