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庭锡汲
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1 ( ) 33 4 SIENE IN HINA ( Series ) Y DNA * ** ** ( ; ; ; ; enter for Genome Information Department of Environmental Health University of incinnati incinnati OH USA; ) 础 6 DNA Y 13 SNP 8 STR Y mtdna DNA Y [1] [23] [2] ( ) [4] * 863(: 2001AA22041)(: ) ** cjxiao@publickmyncn; Jin_li@fudanedu

2 376 ( ) 33 [5~8] 3 : DNA(mtDNA) Y DNA(Y-DNA) X DNA DNA DNA D (HVS1) Y Y [9] Y Y [910] Y (SNPs) [1112] Su [13] 19 Y-SNP 17 [13~19] (STR) Y [2021] [4] 5 ( ) DNA Y 13 SNP 8 STR Y mtdna ml AD - DNA 1 Y 1 Y-SNP / M130 YAP M15 M89 M9 M122 M7 M134 M119 M110 M95 M88 M45 H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H

3 4 : Y DNA 377 mtdna Y mtdna ( 5 ) 12 DNA DNA L15996 H16401 PR [22] PR Resin (Promega) 96 Big-Dye (PE ) ABI377 (PE ) 2 ABI Sequence Analysis 33 GenBank () Su [13] 19 Y-SNP 17 YAP M7 M9 M15 M45 M88 M89 M95 M110 M119 M122 M130 M YAP M15 PR 3% 4% PR-RFLP 11 Y-SNP PR 2 3% New England Biolab 2 Y-SNP PR / PR (5~3) (/bp) YAP 53 M15 56 M89 52 M9 55 M M95 55 M M M7 56 M M M88 55 M45 55 AGGGGAAGATAAAGAAATA ATGTAAAAGGGGATGGAT AA AATTGAAAATG GTTGGGAAGAGTAGAGA AAAG GAAAGTGGGGAAGAAGGA GAAATAGGAAAGTGAGAAT GAAAGGTAAGATGGTTGGAT AAATGAATTTTTTTTATTTTTG AGGTAAATGATATAAGGAAG GGGTTATTAATTAGATAAG ATAAGGAAAGATAATATTAGG TTTGAAGGAGTTGTGAG TAGAAAAGAATTGAGATATAATTA GGATGTGATATGTAGTTAG AAGGAAGGAAAGTATGATG TTTGATGATTTTTTTGGGTT TGTATTGAAATGTT TTGTAGTTGAGTTATGTTTTTA TATTTTTTATTGAG AAAGGGGGAAAAAAA AAATTTTGTAGATATGG ATTTAGATTTTTT TTTATTTGTTTTG ATGTGATGGTTAGTAGGTGTGA ATTGGAGTGAAAAATTATAGTA TGTTTGTAAATTTA / / Nla BamH Bstu Hha Nla Nla Bfa Bsl Nla Bstu Bfa Alu (150) 9 bp (151) (79+21) (190+20) A (161) (178+24) (100+22) (100+22) (103+23) T (205) T (200) A (146) G (140+22) Alu (400) (142) T (100) G (210) (135+26) T (202) T (122) 1bp (122) G (126) (162+43) (88+122) G (125+21) DYS Y STR GDB ( 6-FAM(388 A (162)

4 378 ( ) ) NED( ) HEX(19 392) 8 2 (Panel) PR [21] 05 礚 PR 02 礚 ROX-500 (PE ) 18 礚 95 2 min ABI 377 4% 2 h Genescan TM 20(PE ) DNA Genotype TM 11 (PE ) bp (16024~16383) mtdna lustalw [23] ARLEQUIN [24] Fst d [25] A Fst Yao [26] mtdna Y-SNP [13] Y-STR ARLEQUIN Rst [27] 3000 Y-SNP mtdna (MDS) () SPSS (NJ) MEGA2 [28] Y-SNP [15] [18] [18] [14] [14] [19] mtdna HVS1 [26] [26] [26] [26] [29] [29] [30] [30] [30] [30] [30] 2 21 Y-SNP mtdna 1 6 Y-SNP H5 H2 H8 68% 74% H2(702%) H11 (475%) H mtdna HVS %( 3) B D F M7 1 B D F 738% B F F G A D ( ) 22 Y-STR Rst ( 4) Rst P 005

5 4 : Y DNA mtdna 1 mtdna a) a) a) a) (43) (50) (47) (69) (37) (46) (45) (35) (36) (40) A B* B B5* 54 B5a B5b B D4k D5* D5a D F* F1a F1b F1c F2* 29 F2a F G M M7* M7B M7c M M8a M N9a R9a Y Z b) a) [26] ; b) M* N* R*; * 4 Y-STR Rst a) a) Rst P mtdna 1 Fst d A ( 5) (r = 0947 P < 001)

6 380 ( ) 33 Fst Fst 5 mtdna 1 Fst (d A ) a) a) Fst Fst P > 005 Y-STR mtdna (r = 0298 P = 028) 23 1 Y-SNP 3 703% 14 4 : A ; B ; ; D 5 ( A ) H2 (r = 0844 P < 001) 1 Y-SNP ( 3 H2 704%) A D H8 (r = 0810 P < 001) H11 (r = 0898 P < 001) H2 H8 H8 H11

7 4 : Y DNA 381 mtdna B D F M % 2 2 mtdna F (r = 0799 P < 001) B (r = 0654 P < 005) A (r = 0667 P < 005); D (r = 0721 P < 005) F (r = 0876 P < 001) 4 B F D 5 Fst ( 3) 754% mtdna Fst 4 Y-STR Rst mtdna Fst 3 Y H2 H5 H8 YAP+(H2 H3) H8 [15] YAP+ H8 Y (r = 0642 P < 005) M95 H11 M119 H9

8 382 ( ) 33 85% H9 ; H11 (475%) 4 YSTR R st ((a))(mds) (NJ)((b)) Y-STR B F D mtdna B F [2631] B F 2 (r = 0827 P < 001) D F (r = 0785 P < 005) ([26] 4 ) D mtdna 5 mtdna 1 Fst : () Y (mtdna) Y-STR mtdna HVS1 [3233] 7 [34]

9 4 : Y DNA 383 础 [35] : () ; () [34] [4] 75% () 600 [36] [4] [37] 1 Gottner-Abendroth H The structure of matriarchal societies ReVision (3): 31~35 2 : ~ (5): 60~ (1): 89~95 5 ann R L Stoneking M Willson A Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution Nature : 31~36 6 avalli-sforza L Menozzi P Piazza A The history and geography of human genes Princeton: Princeton University Press ~374 7 avalli-sforza L et al (4): 434~442 8 avalli-sforza L et al (1): 83~89 9 Jobling M A Tyler-Smith Father and sons: the Y chromosome and human evolution Trends Genet : 449~ Underhill P A Passarino G Lin A A et al The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations Ann Hum Genet (1): 43~62 11 Underhill P A Shen P Lin A A et al Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations Nature Genetics : 358~361

10 384 ( ) Su B Xiao Deka R et al Y chromosome haplotypes reveal prehistorical migrations to the Himalayas Human Genetics : 582~ Su B Xiao J Underhill P et al Y chromosome Evidence for a northward migration of modern humans in East Asia during the last Ice Age American Journal of Human Genetics 1999 (3)65: 1718~ Li Jin Bing Su Natives or immigartions: modern huamn orgin in East Asia Nature Genetics Reviews 2000 (1): 126~ Qian Y Qian B Su B et al Multiple origins of Tibetan Y chromosomes Human Genetics : 453~ Su B Jin L Underhill P et al Polynesian origins: new insights from the Y-chromosome Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA : 8225~ Ke Y H Su B Song X F et al African origin of modern humans in East Asia: A tale of Y chromosomes Science : 1151~ Y (6): 614~ : Y (2): 196~ Kayser M aglia A orach D et al Evaluation of Y-chromosomal STRs: a multicenter study Int J Legal Med (3): 125~ Kayser M Krawczak M Excoffier L et al An extensive analysis of Y-chromosomal microsatellite haplotypes in globally dispersed human populations Am J Hum Genet (4): 990~ Lum J K ann R L Martinson J J et al Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic relationships among Pacific Island and Asian populations Am J Hum Genet (2): 613~ Anderson S Bankier A T Barrell B G et al Sequnence and organization of the human mitchondrial genome Nature : 457~ Schneider S Roessli D Excoffier L Arlequin ver 20: A Software for Population Genetic Data Analysis Switzerland: University of Geneva Nei M Kumar S Molecular evolution and phylogenetics New York : Oxford University Press Yao Y G Kong Q P Bandelt H J et al Phylogeographic differentiation of mitochondrial DNA in Han hinese Am J Hum Genet (3): 635~ Slatkin M A new measure of population subdivision based om microsatellite allele frequencies Genetics : 457~ Sudhir Kumar Koichiro Tamura Ingrid B et al MEGA2: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Software Arizona: Arizona State University Tempe Yao Y G Lu X M Luo H R et al Gene admixture in the silk road region of hina: evidence from mtdna and melanocortin 1 receptor polymorphism Genes Genet Syst (4): 173~ Yao Y G Nie L Harpending H et al Genetic relationship of hinese ethnic populations revealed by mtdna sequence diversity Am J Phys Anthropol (1): 63~76 31 Wallace D Brown M D Lott M T Mitochondrial DNA variation in human evolution and disease Gene (1): 211~ Gibbons A The women's movement Science : Elizabeth Pennisi Tracking the sexes by their genes Science : 1733~ : ~24 35 : ~ (1): 27~32 37 : ~320

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E VIDENCE IDENTIFICATION THEORY&PRACTICE 山东省高校重点验室山东政法学院司法定中心 20 年 2 月 Vol., No. 本目录什么是声纹分析 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------