國家圖書館典藏電子全文

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矫香巫
7 years ago
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2 Abstract The purpose of the thesis is to develop an automatic control model for the cardiac output monitor and diagnostic unit (COMDU) of the Phoenix-7 total artificial heart. By utilizing the model, operators need only to setup the required heart rate, systolic ratio, cardiac output, while the COMDU will adjust the inlet-air pressure for both the left and right heart spontaneously according to the physical requirements. We establish fuzzy rules for the input parameters of heart rate, systolic ratio, required cardiac output, and the output parameters of inlet-air pressure, inlet timing, exhausting timing with the various conditions of aortic pressures and pulmonary artery pressure. The main work of the research concentrates on developing the control models for increasing cardiac output, decreasing cardiac output, modifying the differential air exhausting period for left / right hearts. To accord with the control model, hardware of the COMDU would be promoted with the function of automatic control for left / right side pressures, air filling period and air exhausting period in the future. Keywords cardiac output monitor and diagnostic unit, fuzzy control. 2

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4 iv v vi vii ix LP RP LAP RAP HR

5 1.1 / x = LAP=120 mmhg LP mmhg CO 16 RAP=20 mmhg RP mmhg CO / SV LP=157 mmhg RP=46 mmhg CO HR LP RP [18] FLC CO LP=150 mmhg RP=40 mmhg SR SR 40% dt SV SV SV

6 3.22 CO SR SR dt SV LAP=110 mmhg CO LP LAP=110 mmhg LP LAP=120 mmhg CO LP LAP=120 mmhg LP LAP=130 mmhg CO LP LAP=130 mmhg LP RAP=10 mmhg CO RP RAP=10 mmhg RP RAP=20 mmhg CO RP RAP=20 mmhg RP RAP=30 mmhg CO RP RAP=30 mmhg RP LP=140 mmhg CO L LAP= mmhg LAP LP LP=150 mmhg CO L LAP= mmhg LAP LP LP=170 mmhg CO L LAP= mmhg LP RP=40 mmhg CO R RP RP=50 mmhg CO R RP HR=40 beat/min

7 4.26 SV HR=60 beat/min LP RP SV HR=80 beat/min SV HR=100 beat/min SV 58 7

8 1.1 Systemic circulation Pulmonary circulation Cardiac Output CO 5 ~ 6liter min 15 ~ 22liter min 2.5liter min Stroke Volume SV Heart Rate HR CO = HR SV 1 HR beat min SV liter beat 8

9 Dr. Kolff [8] , Dacron Graft Quick Connector AO Aorta PA Pulmonary Artery RA Right Atrium LA Left Atrium Polyurethane PU Systole 1.1[19] Diastole PU PU 9

10 1.1 / 1.2[19] Frank-Starling Law of the Heart Thrombosis Embolisom Hemolysis

11 1.2 Dr. Kolff [8] , Dr. Cooley Liotta Heart 64 Barnes [1] 1973 dp dt Levinson et al. [9] 1986 dp dt 4500 mm-hg/s DeVries [10] 1988 dp dt Setsuo Takatani [12] Copeland [3] 1989 Jarvik-7 dp dt max 3500 mm-hg/s Kyong-Sik Om [13] 1999 Hsu et al. [5] 2000 / Hsu [6] 2001 trial and error 11

12 1.3 HR SR CO / 1.4 [18] LP RP LAP RAP SR HR 12

13 2.1 incomplete ambiguity imprecision randomness fuzziness X A 0,1 membership function µ A A ( x) µ X [0,1] ( ) {( x ( x) ) x X } [ ] A =, µ A 2.1 x X µ x x A x1, x2, x3 K x n A 2.2 ( x ) x1 + µ A ( x2 ) x2 + A ( xn ) xn A = µ A 1 L+ µ 2.2 n ( x ) x = µ ( x ) x = µ A i i x X i= i 1 A i i LP LP = {140,145,150, L, 160, 165,170} {( 140 ) + ( 145) + ( 150) + + ( 160) + ( 165) + ( 170) } LP = L 2.3 LP NB NS ZE PS PB 13

14 NB = L NS = L+ 1 + L ZE = L+ 1 + L PS = L+ 1 + L PB = L ( x) = µ ( x) ( x) µ max A B A µ B ( x) = µ ( x) ( x) µ min A B A µ B ( x) = 1 ( x) µ A µ A 2.2 PID FLC Fuzzy Logic Controller FLC 14

16 fuzzification singleton fuzzy number 1 2 [ 1, + 1] x =

17 2.3 0~0.5 ( ) µ 0.27 µ ( ) DML FLC Fuzzy implication composition operators Union R = ( Ai Bi ) i n n U R i i = C = 1 U i = ' ' ' A B C C ' ' ' ( A B ) o R = 2.6 = = C ' n ' ' U( A B ) o ( Ai Bi Ci ) i= 1 n U i= 1 ' ' [ A o ( A C )] B o ( B C ) i ( w) µ ( u) * µ ( w) U n i= 1 i [ ] [ ] [ µ () v * ( w) ] A i C i i B i i µ = µ 2.7 A ' B ' fuzzy-singleton u = u 0 v = v 0 0 µ C ' [ ] [ µ ( v ) ( w) ] ( w) µ ( u )* µ ( w) U n i= 1 = µ U n i= 1 A i 0 C B 0 * i [( ( u ) µ ( v )) ( w) ] A i 0 B 0 * i i C i C i C = µ µ 2.8 i MIN IF THEN i R i 17

18 fuzzy relation R i ( Ai Bi ) Ci = min 2.9 min KB Data Base Rule Base IF THEN CO = { NB, NS, ZE, PS, PB} LP { NB, NS, ZE, PS, PB} { NB, NS, ZE, PS PB} CO =, = and control output R1 if R2 if R3 if R4 if R5 if CO is NB and LP is NB then control is NB CO is NB and LP is NS then control is NB CO is NB and LP is ZE then control is NB CO is NB and LP is PS then control is NS CO is NB and LP is PB then control is ZE 18

19 R21 if CO is PB and LP is NB then control is ZE R22 if R23 if R24 if R25 if CO is PB and LP is NS then control is PS CO is PB and LP is ZE then control is PB CO is PB and LP is PS then control is PB CO is PB and LP is PB then control is PB control rules base FLC completeness consistency interactivity DFI MC MOM COA WAM i. ii. MOM MC 2.10 k C crsip k = i = 1 k C i

20 iii. COM ( ) 2.11 µ c j c j c n j= µ 1 crisp = n j= 1 j ( c j ) c ( c ) µ j j j j 2.11 iv. singleton 2.12 y w i i y iwi U = 2.12 y i 20

21 CO HR SR LP RP LAP RAP CO = HR * SV SV Stroke Volume CO [18] LAP mmHg RAP mmHg CO CO HR Heart Rate 30~120 SR Stroke Volume 30% ~ 80% LP RP / 140~170 mmhg 30~60 mmhg LAP RAP / 110~130 mmhg 10~30 mmhg CO 3~10 liter/min HR=60 beat/min SR=40% CO=5 liter/min LAP=120mmHg SV ( SV = p) * SR * α 21

22 p LP LAP α CO CO { } set g 2,2 LP LP 150 mmhg 3.1 β SR SV ( SV = p) * SR * β p RP RAP β liter/mmhg 3.1 { 2,2} FLC CO 5,2 g { } CO CO 10 liter/min 3 liter/min CO 5 liter/min 22

23 mmhg LP=170 mmhg LP=140 mmhg 3.3 LAP=120 mmhg LP mmhg CO 23

24 RP=60 mmhg 10 mmhg RP=30 mmhg 3.4 RAP=20 mmhg RP mmhg CO 3.5 / 24

25 [14] 70~ SR 80% 80% 40%~50% SR 100 SR=50% CO SR 25

26 SR SV SR 50% CO 3.6 FLC

27 =75 LP 5 fuzzy sets LAP 5 fuzzy sets SR 3 fuzzy sets Rule1. if LAP=NB and LP=NB and SR=NB then CO=NB Rule2. if LAP=NS and LP=NB and SR=NB then CO=NB Rule21.if LAP=NB and LP=PB and SR=ZE then CO=ZE Rule22.if LAP=NS and LP=PB and SR=ZE then CO=PS Rule74.if LAP=PS and LP=PB and SR=PB then CO=PB Rule75.if LAP=PB and LP=PB and SR=PB then CO=PB LAP SR CO FLC mmHg 1 27

28 10 mmhg LP=170 mmhg LP=140 mmhg mmhg RP=60 mmhg RP=30 mmhg

29 3.10 SV { } SR 0.3, LP=170 mmhg RP=60 mmhg HR 3 liter/min 10 liter/min 10~30 mmhg 30 mmhg

30 3.1.3 HR 55~70 beat/min LP=140~170 mmhg RP=30~60 mmhg HR 30~120 beat/min CO LP RP SV CO HR CO 5 liter/min HR CO LP RP HR=60 beat/min SR=40% CO=5 liter/min CO L CO R 3.11 LP=157 mmhg RP=46 mmhg CO 30

31 HR 76 beat/min 3.12 CO L CO R 3.12 HR LP RP

32 HR=76 beat/min CO L CO R LP RP 32

33 LP RP CO LP RP 3.14 CO 5.5 liter/min 3.15 LP mmhg RP 30.8 mmhg 33

34 3.2 [18] 3.16 dt dt = t L t R [18] LP=157 mmhg RP=46 mmhg 76 beat/min 52% LAP RAP LP RP LP=157mmHg RP=46mmHg LAP=120mmHg RAP=20mmHg 3.16 [18] 34

35 60 (1 SR) HR SR FLC FLC2 HR=60 beat/min HR=60 beat/min CO=5 liter/min [18] 3.18 CO LP=150 mmhg RP=40 mmhg 35

36 3.19 SR SR 40% 3.20 dt 36

37 3.21 SV SV SV [18] 2~3 mmhg ~ 3.25 HR=76 beat/min SV 70~100 HR CO 5 liter/min 37

38 CO L CO R 3.22 CO 3.23 SR 38

39 3.24 SR dt 3.25 SV 39

40 3.22~ 3.25 CO 5.9 liter/min SR=35.6% SV

41 4.1 5~6 liter/min 10 liter/min 5 liter/min COL Left air pressure LP 140~170 mmhg ( ) Aortic pressure LAP 110~130 mmhg LAP 120 mmhg LP 150 mmhg CO 5 liter/min MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox COR Right air pressure RP 30~60 mmhg Pulmonary aortic pressure RAP 10~30 mmhg CO 5 liter/min RP=40 mmhg RAP=20 mmhg LP RP 41

42 4.2 LP RP LAP SR LAP RAP LP CO LP CO LP RP 4.1~ 4.6 CO HR=60 beat/min SR=40 % CO=5 liter/min LP mmhg 5 mmhg LP=170 mmhg LP=140 mmhg 4.1 LAP=110 mmhg CO LP 42

43 4.2 LAP=110 mmhg LP LP mmhg 5 mmhg LP=170 mmhg LP=140 mmhg 4.3 LAP=120 mmhg CO LP 43

44 4.4 LAP=120 mmhg LP LP mmhg 5 mmhg LP=170 mmhg LP=140 mmhg 4.5 LAP=130 mmhg CO LP 44

45 4.6 LAP=130 mmhg LP LP=150 mmhg LAP=120 mmhg 5 liter/min 4.1 LP=165 mmhg 170 mmhg 100 SR 50% CO LP 140 mmhg SV ~ 4.12 HR=60 beat/min SR=40 % CO=5 liter/min 45

46 RP mmhg 5 mmhg RP=60 mmhg RP=30 mmhg 4.7 RAP=10 mmhg CO RP 4.8 RAP=10 mmhg RP 46

47 RP mmhg 5 mmhg RP=60 mmhg RP=30 mmhg 4.9 RAP=20 mmhg CO RP 4.10 RAP=20 mmhg RP 47

48 RP mmhg 5 mmhg RP=60 mmhg RP=30 mmhg 4.11 RAP=30 mmhg CO RP 4.12 RAP=30 mmhg RP 48

49 RAP RP RP=40 mmhg RAP=20 mmhg CO 5 liter/min 49

50 4.3 LAP RAP LAP LAP RAP HR=60 beat/min SR=40 % CO=5 liter/min LAP mmhg 10 mmhg LAP=110 mmhg LAP=130 mmhg 4.13 LP=140 mmhg CO L LAP= mmhg 50

51 LAP=130 mmhg LAP=110 mmhg 4.14 LAP LP LAP mmhg 10 mmhg LAP=110 mmhg LAP=130 mmhg 4.15 LP=150 mmhg CO L LAP= mmhg 51

52 LAP=130 mmhg LAP=110 mmhg 4.16 LAP LP LAP=110 mmhg LAP mmhg 10 mmhg LAP=130 mmhg 4.17 LP=170 mmhg CO L LAP= mmhg 52

53 LAP=130 mmhg LAP=110 mmhg 4.18 LP LAP CO 53

54 COR RAP mmhg 10 mmhg RAP=10 mmhg RAP=30 mmhg 4.19 RP=40 mmhg CO R RAP=30 mmhg RAP=10 mmhg 4.20 RP 54

55 RAP mmhg 10 mmhg RAP=10 mmhg RAP=30 mmhg 4.21 RP=50 mmhg CO R RAP=30 mmhg RAP=10 mmhg 4.22 RP 55

56 4.13~4.22 LP RP LAP RAP CO LP RP CO 56

57 4.4 HR HR 60 beat/min HR LP RP LAP RAP SV 70 ~100 HR CO LP RP 100 CO = HR SV HR 120 beat/min CO 12 liter/min CO 3~10 liter/min 12 liter/min CO CO HR LP=150 mmhg RP=40 mmhg LAP=120 mmhg RAP=20 mmhg SR=40% HR=40 beat/min HR=60 beat/min HR=80 beat/min HR=100 beat/min 4.23~ ~ ~ ~

58 4.23 HR=40 beat/min

59 SV 59

60 COL COR 4.27 HR=60 beat/min LP RP 4.28 LP RP 60

61 4.29 SV 4.30 HR=80 beat/min 61

63 4.33 SV 4.34 HR=100 beat/min 63

65 4.37 SV CO HR LP RP SV HR HR 40 beat/min LP HR 80 beat/min 100 beat/min 1. COs beat/min COs liter/min MAX MAX MIN MIN MIN MIN 1. COs 65

66 [18] ( ) 66

67 1. Barnes GE, Bishop VS, Horwitzl RL and Kaspar RL, The maximum derivatives of left ventricular pressure and transverse internal diameter as indices of the inotropic state of the left ventricle in conscious dogs, J. Physiol., 1973, 235, Christie GW, Computer Modeling of Bio-Prosthetic Heart Valves, European J. of Cordio-Thoracic Surgery, 6(Suppl 1), 1992, S95-S Copeland JG, Smith RG, Icenogle TB and Ott RA, Early experience with the total artificial heart as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, David T and Hsu CH, Dynamic Analysis and Geometry Model for the Design of Bi-Leaflet Prosthetic Mechanical Heart Valves, Medical Engineering and Physics, Vol.18(6), 1996, Hsu CH, Chou HM and Kao TM, Clinical Analysis and in Vitro Test for the Cardiac Output Monitor and Diagnostic Unit of Phoenix-7 Total Artificial Heart, Biomedical Engineering: Application, Basis & Communications, Vol.12(4), 2000, Hsu CH, In Vivo and Clinical Analysis of Phoenix-7 Total Artificial Heart, Biomedical Engineering: Application, Basis & Communications, Vol.13(3), Kim SH, Chandran KB and Chen CJ, Numerical Simulation of Steady Flow in a Two-Dimensional Total Artificial Heart Model, J. of Bio-mechanical Engineering, 1992, Kolff WJ, All is well with the artificial heart, Artificial Organs, 1992, 16:

68 9. Levinson MM, Copeland JG and Smith RG, Indexes of hemolysis in human recipients of Javik-7 total artificial heart : a cooperative report of fifteen patients, J. Heart Transplant, 1986, 5, DeVries WC, The permanent artificial heart: four case reports, JAMA, 1988, 259(6). 11. Akira Tanaka, Makoto Yoshizawa, Simulation of Dynamic Behavior of Heart Rate for TAH Control, [Engineering in Medicine and Biology, st Annual Conf. and the 1999 Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Soc.] BMES/EMBS Conference, Proceedings of the First Joint, Volume: 2, Oct Page(s): 755 vol Setsuo Takatani, Hiroyuki Noda, Hisateru Takano, and Tetsuzo Akutsu, Open- Loop Analysis of Circulatory System Dynamics using Artificial Hearts, IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society 10 th Annual International Conference, Kyong-Sik Om, Jae-Mok Ahn, Young-Ho Jo, Fuzzy Logic and Knowledge based Automatic Control of the Moving-actuator type Totally-implantable Artificial Heart, Fuzzy Systems Conference Proceedings, FUZZ-IEEE ' IEEE International, Volume: 1, Aug Fuzzy Fuzzy , Numerical Study for Flows in Phoenix-7 Total Artificial Heart,

Thesis for the Master degree in Engineering Research on Negative Pressure Wave Simulation and Signal Processing of Fluid-Conveying Pipeline Leak Candi

U17 10220 UDC624 Thesis for the Master degree in Engineering Research on Negative Pressure Wave Simulation and Signal Processing of Fluid-Conveying Pipeline Leak Candidate:Chen Hao Tutor: Xue Jinghong