(2) 2 K. Stufflebean, R. Stake, E. Eisner, M. Scriven Scriven(2003) normative descriptive

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1 1 (1) Key Words: Evaluation, Educational Evaluation, The History of Educational Evaluation

2 (2) 2 K. Stufflebean, R. Stake, E. Eisner, M. Scriven Scriven(2003) normative descriptive

3 3 (3) (evaluation) Stufflebeam(1973) Tenbrink(1974) Chelimsky(1985) Stufflebeam Shinknfield(1985) Worthen Sanders(1987) Alkin(1990) McLauaglin(1990)

4 (4) 4 House(1993) Worthen, Sanders Fitzpatrick(1997) Douglah(1998) Boulmetis Dutwin(2000) Stufflebeam(2003) R. H. Tyler ( Nevo,1995) Cronbach 1963 ( Wolf,1990) (The Joint Committee on Standard for Educational Evaluation,1994) Nevo(1995) Worthen Sanders(1987)

5 5 (5) Scriven(1967) Joint Committee on Standard for Educational Evaluation,1994

6 (6) 6 Stufflebeam Shinknfield(1985) (The Joint Committee on Standard for Educational Evaluation) 1981 (pesudo-evaluation) (quasi-evaluation) (true evaluation) (covert investigations) (public relations-inspired studies) (objectives-based studies) (experimentally oriented studies) (decision-oriented studies) (client-centered studies) (policy studies) (consumer-oriented studies) 93 (intellectual) (social) (symbolic) 82

7 7 (7) Scriven(1994) (trans-disciplines) Scriven ( ) Shadish(1998) (knowledge base) Shadish (Who We Are) 93

8 (8) Shadish, Cook Leviton(1991) (Foundations of Program Evaluation: Theories of Practice.) (valuing) (knowledge construction) (knowledge use) (social programming) (evaluation practice) Shadish(1998) 1 Evaluation Theory Is Who We Are, by W. R. Shadish, 1998, American Journal of Evaluation, 19 (1), p.2.

9 9 (9) Shadish Cook Leviton(1991) Shadish(1998) 1 (terminology) (Shadish,1998) Shadish 93

10 (10) Stufflebeam & Shinkfield,1985 Merwin (Dubois,1970 ; Popham,1993) 2000 (Worthen & Sanders,1987)

11 11 (11) Worthen Sanders(1987:12) Stufflebeam Shinkfield 1985 Tyler Tyler (Pre-Tyler Period) 1934 (Tylerian Age) (Age of Innocence) (Age of Realism) (Age of Professionalism) 1973 Madaus & Stufflebeam(2000) (The Age of Reform, ) William Parish (The Age of Efficiency and Testing, ) F. Taylor (The Tylerian Age, ) R.W. Tyler

12 (12) 12 (The Age of Innocence, ) (Age of Ignorance) (The Age of Development, ) (The Age of Profesionalization, ) (The Age of Expansion and Integration, ) Guba Lincolin(1989) (generations) Guba Lincolin(1989) 1910 ( ) ( ) ( ) (1981 ) Madaus & Stufflebeam(2000) Guba Lincolin(1989)

13 13 (13) ( 84) Stufflebeam Shinkfield 1985 Systematic evaluation

14 (14) (theory-driven) 93 91

15 15 (15) 84 (localization) Worthen 1994 Worthen, Sanders Fitzpatrick(1997) ( ) ( ) ( ) (institutionalization) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Worthen ( ) ( ) ( ) Worthen (1997)

16 (16) 16 Scriven(1969) (meta-evaluation) Stufflebeam(2000) (Martin,1982) Nilsson Hogben 1983 ( Worthen & Sanders,1987:370)

17 17 (17) 91 (National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education,2002) (Canadian Evaluation Society) (Australasian Evaluation Society)

18 (18) 18

19 19 (19)

20 (20) 20

21 21 (21) Patton, M. Q

22 (22)

23 23 (23)

24 (24) Alkin, F. (1990). Debates on evaluation. Newbury Park, CA:Sage. Boulmetis, J. & Dutwin, P.(2000). The ABCs of evaluation: Timeless techniques for program and project managers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Chelimsky, E. (1985). Program evaluation: patterns and direction. Washington, D.C.: American society for public administration. Douglah, M.(1998).Program development and evaluation-developing a concept of extension program evaluation. Retrieved Aug. 31, 2004, from Dubois, P. H. ( 1970).A history of psychological testing. London: Allyn & Bacon. Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. Newbury Park, CA.: Sage. House, E. R. (1993). Professional evaluation. Newbury Park, CA.: Sage. Joint Committee on Standard for Educational Evaluation.(1994). Program evaluation standard.(2 nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage. Martin, P. H. (1982).Mata-analysis, meta-evaluation and secondary analysis. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service, No ) McLauaglin, M.(1990).The rank change agent study revisited: Marco perspectives and mirco realities. Educational Researcher,19(9), National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (2002). Handbook for accreditation visits. Washington, DC: Author. Nevo, D. (1995). School-based evaluation: A dialogue for school improvement. NewYork: Pergamon. Popham, W. J.(1993). Educational evaluation.(3 rd ed.). London: Allyn and Bacon. Scriven, M. (1967).The methodology of evaluation. In R. E. Stake(Ed.). Curriculum evaluation. American education research association monograph series on evaluation, 1. Chicago: Rand McNally. Scriven, M. (1969). Evaluation skills. Washington, D. C.: American Educational Research Association. Scriven, M. (1994). Evaluation as a discipline. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 20,

25 25 (25) Scriven, M. (2003). Evaluation theory and metatheory. In T. Kellaghan, D. L. Stufflebeam & L. A. Wingate(ed.) International handbook of educational evaluation (part one:perspectives)(pp15-31).london: Kluwer Academic. Shadish.W.R.(1998). Evaluation theory is who we are. American Journal of Evaluation, 19 (1), Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Leviton, L. C.( 1991). Foundations of program evaluation: theories of practice. Newbury Park, CA.: Sage. Stufflebeam, D. L.(1973). An introduction to the PDK book: Educational evaluation and decision-making. In B. R. Worthen & J. R. Sanders(Eds.). Educational Evaluation: theory and practice. CA:Wadsworth. Stufflebeam, D. L. (2000). Foundational models for 21 st century program evaluation. In D. L. Stufflebeam, A. J. Shinkfield, & T. Kellaghan (Eds.), Evaluation models: Viewpoints on educational and human services evaluation (2 nd ed.) (pp ). Boston: Kluwer Academic. Stufflebeam, D. L. (2003). The CIPP model for evaluation. In T. Kellaghan & D. L. Stufflebeam(Eds.). International handbook of educational evaluation.(pp ). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. Stufflebeam, D. L. & Shinkfield, A. J.(1985). Systematic evaluation. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff. Tenbrink, T. D. (1974). Evaluation: A practical guide for teachers. New York: McGrew-Hill. Worthen, B. R.(1994). Is evaluation a mature profession that warrants the preparation of evaluation professionals? New Directions for Program Evaluation,62,3-15. Worthen, B. R. & Sanders, J. R. (1987). Educational Evaluation: Alternative approaches and practical guidelines. New York: Longman. Worthen, B. R., Sanders, J. R. & Fitzpatrick, J. L. (1997). Program evaluation: Alternative approaches and practical guidelines (2 nd ed.). New York: Longman.

26 (26) 26 The Conception and Development of Educational Evaluation Ching-shan Wu & Hsiang-Li Wang ABSTRACT Planning, implementing and evaluating are three key components for education sustainable development. In the past decade, we have been devoted to educational reforms. Educational evaluation plays an important part in understanding the performance of educational reforms and assuring the educational quality. The purpose of this article is to discuss the basic conception and recent development of educational evaluation. It divides into five parts. We begin to analyze the important conception of educational evaluation. Secondly, we illustrate the characteristics of discipline and theoretical construction of educational evaluation. Next, we review the history of educational evaluation and present the educational evaluation development in USA and Taiwan. We then to analyze the challenges of Taiwan s educational evaluation, including the efforts of localization, the promotion of profession, advocacy of meta-evaluation and ethics of evaluation, as well as the integration of various evaluations. Finally, we address eight strategies for improving our educational evaluation effectiveness. Key Words: Evaluation, Educational Evaluation, The History of Educational Evaluation

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