Tokyo Cap and Trade Program

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1 Tokyo Metropolitan Government Climate Change Measures 东京都政府气候变化措施 Tokyo Cap and Trade Program Yuko Nishida Bureau of Environment 环境局东京总量管制与排放交易制度

2 Tokyo s GHG Emission Reduction Target 东京温室气体减排目标 25% below 2000 levels by 2020 截至 2020 年, 比 2000 年水平下降 25%

3 Tokyo Carbon Dioxide Footprint 东京的二氧化碳排放量 Total CO 2 Emissions: 65 million tons (FY2007) 二氧化碳总排放量 :6,500 万吨 (2007 财年 ) Commercial & Industrial 商业与工业 49% Residential 住宅 27% Trans- Portation 交通 22% approx. 约 40% approx. 约 60% Large CO 2 emitting facilities 大型 CO 2 排放设施 Small to medium sized CO 2 emitting facilities 中小型 CO 2 排放设施 TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT 3

4 Cap & Trade Programs Worldwide 全球总量管制与排放交易计划 EU ETS 欧盟排放交易制度 RGGI Ten northeastern states in the US 美国西北部的十个州 RGGI Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program 东京总量管制与排放交易计划 TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT 4

5 Tokyo Cap-and-Trade 东京总量管制与排放交易制度 Program Development 制度的制定 voluntary program started 2002 年启动自愿性制度 2005 Revised 2005 年进行修订 Mandatory reporting program 强制报告制度 (Voluntary reductions program) ( 自愿性减排制度 ) --require to report yearly emissions -- 要求每年报告排放量 --require to establish reduction plans for 3yr-terms -- 要求制定三年期减排计划 --advise energy saving measures -- 建议节能措施 2008 Enacted 2008 年颁布 2010 mandatory program started 2010 年开始实施强制性制度 Mandatory Program: 强制性制度 : Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program 东京总量管制与排放交易制度 TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT 5

6 Tokyo Cap-and-Trade 东京总量管制与排放交易制度 Introduction 简介 2007~8 Consultation Process 2007 至 2008 年咨询程序 Stakeholder Meetings 利益相关者会议 Public comments 公开征求意见 June 2008 Unanimous approval in the Metropolitan Assembly 2008 年 6 月在东京都议会获得一致通过 TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT 6

7 Tokyo Cap-and-Trade 东京总量管制与排放交易制度 The world s first urban cap and trade program to cover office buildings 世界上第一个涵盖办公建筑的城市总量管制与排放交易制度 Target: Facilities with annual energy consumption of 1,500 kl or more (crude oil equivalent) 目标 : 年度能源消耗量为 1,500 kl 或以上的设施 ( 原油当量 ) 1,300 facilities 1,300 个设施 1,100 Commercial & institutional buildings 1,100 栋商业与工业建筑 200 Industrial facilities 200 个工业设施 40% of commercial and industrial sectors emissions 占商业与工业部门排放量的 40% TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT

8 Tokyo Cap-and-Trade 东京总量管制与排放交易制度 Cap Setting 限额设置 Base-year Emission 基准年排放量 1 st compliance period 第 1 个合规期 nd compliance period 第 2 个合规期 % reduction (5 year average) 减排 6% (5 年平均值 ) * 17% reduction (5 year average) 减排 17% (5 年平均值 ) * Current estimation. Fix by the end of the 1 st compliance period 当前估算减排量在第 1 个合规期结束时确定 8

9 Tokyo Cap-and-Trade 东京总量管制与排放交易制度 Allowance Allocation 限额分配 Based on historic emissions 根据历史排放量 Base-yr emission (1-Compliance factor) 5yrs 基准年排放量 (1 合规因子 ) 5 年 Example 例如 Base year emissions: 10,000 tons 基准年排放量 :10,000 吨 Compliance factor for 1 st compliance period: 8% reduction 第 1 个合规期的合规因子 :8% 减排量 Allowance 配额 46,000 = 9,200 * 5yrs *10,000 8% Total 5 yrs Emissions 5 年总排放量 Method 1:Self reduction Method 2: Emission trading 方法 1: 自行减排 reduction 方法 2: 排放交易减排量 Ordered to reduce 1.3 times the shortfall 规定减少差额的 1.3 倍 If order is violated: 若违反规定 Monetary fine, surcharge, public announcement,etc. 处以罚金追加罚款进行公示等 Penalty for non- compliance 对不合规行为的处罚 9

10 Tokyo Cap-and-Trade 东京总量管制与排放交易制度 Trading & Credits 交易与信用 Emissions trading 排放交易 Offsets --Credits 抵消信用额度 Trading Amount: 交易量 : Reduction exceeding the obligation 超过指标规定的减排量 Emission reduction exceeding the yearly obligation is allowed to be traded from the 2nd year. 超过年度指标规定的减排量可在第二年进行交易 1. Emission reductions from small and midsize facilities within the Tokyo area 东京市内中小型设施的减排量 * Emission reduction by energy-saving measures * 通过节能措施实现的减排 2. Renewable Energy Certificates 可再生能源证书 * Solar (heat and light) energy, wind energy, etc.in Japan * 日本的太阳能 ( 供暖与照明 ) 风能等 3. Emission reductions outside the Tokyo area 东京市外的减排量 * Sellers will be assumed to be covered under the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program, and reduction exceeding the reduction obligation would be counted as offset credit * 出售方将被认定为受东京总量管制与排放交易制度管辖, 超过减排指标的减排量将被计入抵消信用额度 * Can only buy up to 1/3 of the reduction obligation * 仅能购买减排指标的 1/3 10

11 Key Points 要点 Urban cap and trade program is as extremely effective to lower CO 2 emissions from new and existing buildings in cities 城市总量管制与排放交易制度可以非常有效地减少城市新建和现有建筑的二氧化碳排放 Trading is crucial for an entire scheme 排放交易对整个制度至关重要 Careful design of a local carbon market is important to facilitate retrofit programs in Tokyo 精心设计本地的碳市场, 对于推动东京的改造计划非常重要 TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT 11

12 Key barriers and challenges 主要障碍与挑战 Failure story in 年经历的失败 Tried introducing mandatory emission reductions program without trading 试图实施没有交易的强制性减排制度 --lack of sufficient data -- 缺少足够的数据 --lack of knowledge (esp.building side) -- 缺少了解 ( 尤其是建筑方面 ) --insufficient communications with stakeholders, -- 没有与利益相关者进行充分沟通 Lack of support from national level policy 缺少国家级政策的支持 TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT 12

13 Expansion 扩展 Tokyo s Proposal on Nationwide Introduction of cap and trade program (Sept.2009) 东京提议在全国推广总量管制与排放交易制度 (2009 年 9 月 ) --Two-tier (national level and regional level) cap and trade programs covers entire Japan 两级 ( 国家级与地区级 ) 总量管制与排放交易制度覆盖整个日本 Expansion to the Greater Tokyo Region 扩展到大东京地区 TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT 13

14 Climate Change Strategy Changing Developments and Corporate Activities 气候变化战略日新月异的发展与不断变化的企业活动 TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT

Green Building Era in Tokyo 东京的绿色建筑时代 High performance buildings in

LED lights, Energy efficient air conditioning, Double glazed

双层玻璃窗, 自然光照明, 自然通风 Renewable energy use: 可再生能源利用 PV panels in

15 Green Building Era in Tokyo 东京的绿色建筑时代 High performance buildings in progress 1 第 1 阶段的高效能建筑 Energy efficiency, Low energy: 能源效率, 低能耗 : LED lights, Energy efficient air conditioning, Double glazed windows, Natural lighting Natural ventilation LED 照明, 能效空调系统, 双层玻璃窗, 自然光照明, 自然通风 Renewable energy use: 可再生能源利用 PV panels in system walls 采用光伏面板 (Eco-Office Project, SHIMIZU CORPORATION) ( 环保办公室项目, 清水公司 ) 15

water source heat pump system PV 系统, 地下水源热泵系统 PV

16 Green Building Era in Tokyo 东京的绿色建筑时代 High performance buildings in progress 2 第 2 阶段的高效能建筑 Energy efficiency, Low energy: 能源效率, 低能耗 : Renewable energy use: 可再生能源利用 PV system, ground water source heat pump system PV 系统, 地下水源热泵系统 PV panel louver 光伏面板百叶窗 Exterior 外部 Interior 内部 (TAISEI CORPORATION) ( 大成建设 ) 16

Improve district heating system 安装高效空调与照明系统改造集中供暖系统 (Mitsui

17 Green Building Era in Tokyo 东京的绿色建筑时代 Retrofit Projects 改造工程 Installing highly efficient air conditioning & lighting system. Improve district heating system 安装高效空调与照明系统改造集中供暖系统 (Mitsui Sumitomo Marine and Fire Insurance Co. Ltd.) ( 三井住友海上火灾保险有限公司 ) 17

Progressive Actions 改革计划 A New Scheme of Renewable Energy Use

consumption in the high-rise energy efficient building

Development Corporation, Aomori Prefecture) (Futamata 风力开发公司,

18 Progressive Actions 改革计划 A New Scheme of Renewable Energy Use 可再生能源利用新计划 Use 100% renewable energy for the electricity consumption in the high-rise energy efficient building 在高层能效建筑中, 采用 100% 可再生能源满足电力消耗 (Futamata Wind Power Development Corporation, Aomori Prefecture) (Futamata 风力开发公司, 青田县 ) (New Marunouchi Building, Mitsubishi Estate Co. Ltd.) ( 新丸之内大楼, 三菱地产有限公司 ) 18

Projects in small and mid sized buildings and corporations

efficiency are actively taken 积极采取各种提高能源效率的措施 Energy

越来越多小企业开始执行能源评估项目 600 Install energy efficiency lights,

500 400 300 200 100 0 560 270 383 2008 2009 2010 FY Install

19 Projects in small and mid sized buildings and corporations 中小型建筑与企业内的项目 Various improvement efforts for energy efficiency are actively taken 积极采取各种提高能源效率的措施 Energy assessment program for small businesses are grown 越来越多小企业开始执行能源评估项目 600 Install energy efficiency lights, reflecting devices, and management systems 安装能效光源反光设备和管理系统 FY Install high efficiency boilers 安装高效锅炉 Thermal insulating materials to cover heat sources and bulbs 用隔热材料覆盖热源和灯泡

Tokyo Climate Change Strategy 东京气候变化战略 http://www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.

20 Tokyo Climate Change Strategy 东京气候变化战略 Contact us: 联系方式 : tokyoets@kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp

TOR discussion meeting

TOR discussion meeting CDM Potential in China SONG Yanqin Centre for Renewable Energy Development March 15, 2006, Tokyo Opportunity and Challenge China does not have obligation on GHG emissions under Kyoto. But China has been