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1 欢迎莅临法国! WELCOME IN FRANCE! International Network of Basin Organizations 织国际网络 International Office for Water

2 报告人 Jean-Fran François DONZIER 总负责人水资源国际办公室常务技术秘书 Intervention de Jean-François DONZIER Directeur Général Office International de l Eau Secrétaire Technique Permanent Réseau International Organismes de Bassin

3 IOWater IS AN ASSOCIATION OF PARTNERS : ENTRUSTED WITH ASSIGNMENTS OF PUBLIC INTEREST: Non-profit making, under under the supervision of the French State Financial control

4 国际水资源事务处我们的任务 : 开发和提高水管理技能! 我们的三个卓越的领域 : 专业培训信息系统机构合作

6 CHINESE - FRENCH COOPERATION 中法合作 Hai He Pilot Project Integrated Water Resources Management 海河试点项目水资源综合管理

7 Permanent Technical Secretariat PARISPARIS INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF BASIN ORGANIZATIONS Created in 1994 to facilitate operational exchanges between BO North American Network of Basin Organizations (NANBO) Latin American Network of Basin Organizations INBO s s REGIONAL NETWORKS (LANBO) Brazilian Network of Basin Organizations (BNBO) EUROPE-INBO Group for WFD Mediterranean Network of Basin Organizations (MENBO) EECCA Network of Basin Organizations Central and Eastern European Network of Basin Organizations (CEENBO) Network of Asian River Basin Organizations African (NARBO) Network of Basin Organizations (ANBO) International Network of of Basin Organizations 198 FULL MEMBERS or PERMANENT OBSERVERS in 78 COUNTRIES

8 水框架指令欧洲流域组织集团东欧高加索和中亚流域的俄语地区组织网络北美流域组织网络地中海流域地区组织网络中欧和东欧流域地区组织网络拉丁美洲流域组织网络亚洲流域组织网络巴西流域组织网络非洲流域组织网络在 78 个国家的 198 个会员组织和常驻观察员

9 TOWARDS A GLOBAL WATER CRISIS? 我们将面临一场世界性的水资源危机? WATER OVER THE WORLD, A worrying situation: 全球水资源, 令人担忧的现状 : - Natural hazards are poorly controlled, - 对自然危险缺乏掌控, - Wastage is inadmissible, - 水资源污染显著增长, - Water pollution is significantly increasing, - 浪费严重,

10 现在, 全球变暖的问题已经无可避免! Global warming cannot now be avoided. Fresh water resources will be directly affected in the coming years! The climate change is likely to increase the frequency of extreme events, such as floods and droughts: 从今至 2050 年的降水量改变 % 在未来几年, 由于洪水和干旱现象的极度加剧, 淡水资源将直接受到影响!

11 Climate change consequences The climate change is likely to increase the frequency of extreme events, such as floods and droughts:

12 气候变化的后果随着气候变化, 地球将更加频繁地出现洪涝和干旱等极端自然灾害

13 海平面的上升将导致上千万人撤离家园! 是否将出现千百万气候灾民?

14 Globally: Accelerated glacial and snow melt will change patterns in Water supply Mountains are the«water towers of the planet», Areas dominated by snow & glacial melt

15 积雪和冰川的融化将引起水资源季节分布的变化山脉是地球的水塔积雪和冰川的融化导致径流变化的地区

16 Melting glaciers could initially: - increase flood risk, - strongly reduce water supplies, -- threaten around 1/6 of world s s population. Mountains are the«water towers of the planet»,

17 冰川融化将导致 : - 洪涝灾害的风险加大 - 水资源显著减少 -- 地球上约 1/6 的人口受到影响山脉对于气候变化十分敏感山脉是地球的水塔

18 Europe: Changing flood frequency Over much of Europe, one in a hundred year floods will occur every couple of decades

19 欧洲境内洪水泛滥频率的改变在欧洲全境内, 百年一遇的洪水每 20 年发生一次!!

20 WITH REGARD TO DROUGHTS: 而对于干旱问题

21 Adaptation of water management to climate change is needed The demographic, economic and ecological consequences of the climate change are likely to be very significant. It is thus essential to adapt water resources management policies, by taking into account the new elements of this change. It is especially necessary to quickly evaluate the hydrological consequences of this change, according to various scenarios, to increase the thinking about and prospective, by developing adapted research programs.

22 虽然可以在技术上解决问题, 然而 : 问题首先是制度上的 : TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS DO EXIST, BUT : THE PROBLEMS ARE ABOVE ALL INSTITUTIONAL ONES:

23 流域水资源综合管理如何解决? 河流湖泊含水层区域的 A solution? IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management at rivers, lakes and aquifers basins level

24 water resources management should be organized: 水资源管理的组织工作 : 1) on the scale of local, national or transboundary basins of rivers, lakes and aquifers; 2) based on integrated information systems, allowing knowledge on resources and their uses, polluting pressures, ecosystems and their functioning, the follow-up of their evolutions and risk assessment. 3) based on management plans or master plans that define the medium and long-term objectives to be achieved; 1) 应根据地方国家或跨境河流湖泊含水层区域等流域的规模开展, 2) 凭借一体化信息系统, 可促进对水资源及其用途污染压力生态体系及其运作的认知和了解, 并能识别风险及跟进事态的演变, 3) 基于管理计划或指导纲要, 确定中长期内需实现的目标,

25 water resources management should be organized: 水资源管理的组织工作 : 4) through the development of Programs of Measures and multiyear priority investments; 5) with the mobilization of specific financial resources, based on the «polluter-pays» principle and «user-pays» systems; 6) with the participation in decision-making of the concerned Governmental Administrations and local Authorities, the representatives of different categories of users and associations for environmental protection or of public interest. 4) 通过措施方案与持续数年的优先投资, 实现有效管理, 5) 基于污染者 - 付费者原则与使用者 - 付费者体制, 动员和调动特别资金, 6) 参与和协助政府主管行政部门有关地区当局各类用水者代表自然保护协会或公益组织的策

26 Basins are natural territories, where water runs, on the ground and in sub-soil soil 流域即水在地表或地下所流经的自然区域, 无论其所穿越的是行政区划的还是国家的边界或边境必须组织与河流湖泊含水层区域等流域规模相适应的综合分析研究, An overall approach should be organized on the relevant scale of basin areas of rivers, lakes and aquifers,

27 THE DIFFERENT HYDROLOGICAL SCALES: «UPSTREAM-DOWNSTREAM» COMMON CAUSE ON THE SCALE OF BASINS AND SUB-BASINS Sub-basin/Sector/ Water type element of district to deal with particular aspects Heavily modified water bodies (HMWB): human activity carried out makes it impossible to reach the goal without disproportionate costs (change activity ) no link with pollution Water bodies scale of evaluation of the achievement of good status sea District = river basins + associated groundwaters and coastal waters

28 各类水文标尺 : 以求上游 - 下游间更好的相互依存子流域 / 区域 / 水体类型特殊问题可以得到处理的某种区域已变水体 (MEFM): 人类活动使我们不得不付出巨大代价以实现生态目标 ( 改变活动 ) 水体良好状况实现的评估标尺海与污染的关系水文区 = 流域 + 地下水及其沿岸

29 水资源国际办公室巴黎 All kinds of water Are taken into consideration 指令涉及一切自然界 : 河流湖泊地下水沿海地带等 * surface waters * groundwater * transitional water * coastal waters

Urban uses: drinking water supply wastewater treatment Recreational /

30 hydropower IWRM CONCERNS ALL MAJOR WATER USES Industrial uses abstraction discharges Agricultural uses abstraction diffuse discharges Urban uses: drinking water supply wastewater treatment Recreational / ecological uses angling bathing... Source: Ministry of the environment, Québec, Canada

31 水力发电需予以重视的水资源主要用途工业用途提取排放农业用途提取有害物质扩散城市用途饮用水供给废水净化休闲娱乐 / 生态用途渔业浴场资料来源 : 环境部加拿大, 魁北克

32 IWRM INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OVERALL MEETING OF RATIONAL AND LEGITIMATE DEMANDS Agriculture Electricity Domestic uses Transports Industry Leisure Fish farming Fishing WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND RECYCLING, CONSERVATION OF ECOSYSTEMS: rivers, lakes, wetlands, aquifers, costal areas, RISK PREVENTION : Erosion Drought Floods

33 水资源综合管理综合满足合法与合理的需求农业电力家用运输业工业休闲娱乐水产养殖业渔业清理废弃物及其回收保护生态预防危险侵蚀干旱洪涝

34 生态目标污染生态状况无或最小 { 轻微 { HIG H GOO D 中等强烈 { { MODERAT E POO R 无破坏修复严重 { BA BA D

35 As everything is linked in each Water Body, for a real implémentation of the WFD, it s important to take into account : not only the problems of quality of water and the environments, BUT, all the aspects of water management and their impacts, AND, in particular, obvious interfaces with navigation, energy production, the prevention and protection against floods and droughts,

36 所有方面都是相互关联的, 因此我们必须面对的 : 不仅有水资源与水环境的质量问题, 而且还有水资源管理及其影响的各个方面, 以及航运干旱与洪涝预防水利电力等相关方面

37 THE ROLE OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AS REGULATOR AND SELF-CLEANER MUST BE RECOGNIZED AND THEIR FUNCTION AS "GREEN OR BLUE" NATURAL INFRASTRUCTURE: RESTORATION OF WETLANDS, MIGRATORY FISHWAYS, ECOLOGICAL CONTINUITY, BUFFER GRASS AND FORESTED STRIPS ALONG WATERCOURSES, FLOOD MANAGEMENT (USE OF FLOOD PLAINS AS A MEANS OF STORAGE) etc.

38 必须认识水生态系统的调节器和自洁器作用及其作为绿色或蓝色天然基础设施的功能 : 湿地的恢复, 迁移的鱼道, 生态连续性, 沿水道的水牛草和丛生草木带, 洪水管理 ( 使用洪泛平原作为蓄洪方法 ) 等

39 与洪涝灾害作斗争 : 预测预防防护 FLOOD CONTROL: FORECAST, PREVENTION, PROTECTION Foreseeing hazardous events, Reducing vulnerabilities, Protecting people and properties, Warning and educating. 保护人类生命财产, 降低易损性, 预测险情, 警报与知识普及

40 WITH REGARD TO DROUGHTS: Permanent Technical Secretariat PARIS AVOIDING WASTAGES! International Network of Basin Organizations - WATER SAVING, - LEAK DETECTION, - RECYCLING, - THE REUSE OF TREATED WASTE WATER, - GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, - THE DESALINATION OF SEA WATER, - RESEARCH ON LOW-CONSUMPTION USES MUST BECOME PRIORITIES.

41 防止干旱和水资源匮乏的影响 : - 节约用水, - 减少水资源浪费, - 检测水源泄漏, - 废水回收, - 废水净化处理后的再利用, - 含水层的补给, - 海水淡化, - 开展有关水利用率的研究应该成为重中之重!

42 A NEW APPROACH TO WATER USES IN AGRICULTURE SHOULD BE LOOKED FOR.

44 DEFINING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF EACH: 角色与权限定义 : 决不可能仅有一位管理者! A clear legal framework must specify, in each country, the rights and obligations, the possible levels of decentralization, the institutional responsibilities of the different stakeholders, the processes and means needed for good water governance, 明晰的司法框架应明确各国的权利与义务可能的分权化程度各参与者的机构权限, 以及最佳管理方式所需的程序与措施

45 INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT : MAIN BASIC FUNCTIONS 必须确保的重要功能 : 国际协定立法 - 法规标准化提取与排放许可水资源治安管理监控环境及使用情况观察警报与防护计划制定资金筹措 - 规划实现投资开发 - 维护研究培训信息交流 International agreements Legislation - Regulations Standardization Authorizations for abstraction or discharge - Water policing Monitoring Follow-up of the environment and uses Warning and protection Planning Funding - Programming Investments Operation - Maintenance Research Training Information

46 INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT : DEFINING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF EACH: Multilateral organizations International commissions Central or federal government Local authorities = states (Federation) = municipalities = villages basin organizations? Large public regional planners Water users : = community = individuals Civil Society : = enterprises = researchers = NGOs

47 角色与权限定义 : 决不可能仅有一位管理者! 多边组织国际委员会中央政府地方政府 : = 联邦 = 市政府 = 村镇大型政府治理机构流域组织水资源使用者 : = 集体 = 个人民办企业 : = 企业 = 研究者 = 非政府组织 (ONG) 明晰的司法框架应明确各国的权利与义务可能的分权化程度各参与者的机构权限, 以及最佳管理方式所需的程序与措施流域组织

48 Reinforce dialogue 加强不同合作伙伴之间的对话 agreement 达成协议 Conflicts 冲突 Dialogue 对话 requirements collected from each point of view

categories of users and associations for environmental protection or of public interest, especially, in in Basin

49 Permanent Technical Secretariat PARIS International Network of Basin Organizations 2) with the participation in decision-making of the concerned Governmental Administrations and local Authorities, the representatives of different categories of users and associations for environmental protection or of public interest, especially, in in Basin Councils or Committees. Information, awareness and education of populations or users and of their representatives are essential,

50 居民和地方当局用水户或具有相关利益的组织的代表们必须和政府部门和政府部门尤其和尤其和流域管理理事会或委员会一起一起积极参与到水资源管理中去为居民用水户和他们的有关代表提供信息咨询提高他们的敏感度和进行再教育是必不可少的环节,

51 Integrated information and monitoring systems 水资源综合管理必须针对各流域, 组织可靠的具代表性的及易于实施的观察监控综合系统, 并制定相关研究方案, 以便了解资源与环境的现状, 及其用途与污染情况, 并实时跟进其演变, 以便评估所实施方案的成效及其是否符合指导纲要确定的目标必须对此类系统加以协调, 以便进行各国国内与国际各流域间的信息综合与比较各流域的相关研究资料与文件应加以整理汇集, 并对公众开放 Integrated information and monitoring systems which are reliable, representative, harmonized and easily accessible, and specific research should be organized in each basin,

52 Office International de l Eau PARIS Integrated information and monitoring systems 综合性观测和监控系统 Réseau International des Organismes de Bassin 应在每个流域组织实施这种安全可靠具有代表性易操作和协调统一的系统数据提取数据传输数据储存数据说明测量采样分析定位自动化即时传输手动操作周期性数据库 : - 按类别 - 按地域 - 按照专门性 - 常规数据库模式系统专家警报远程信息处理年度报告制图决策辅助工具刊物

THE CHARACTERISATION OF THE DISTRICT 水资源国际办公室巴黎 Permanent Technical Secretariat PARIS 2004 2015 International Network of Basin Organizations

of the environment, Québec, Canada Focus on economic aspects: estimate the economic "weight" of water uses and services assess the level of

53 THE CHARACTERISATION OF THE DISTRICT 水资源国际办公室巴黎 Permanent Technical Secretariat PARIS International Network of Basin Organizations Description of the initial situation Baseline scenario: projection for 2015 Source: Ministry of the environment, Québec, Canada Source: Ministry of the environment, Québec, Canada Focus on economic aspects: estimate the economic "weight" of water uses and services assess the level of recovery of costs of water services Baseline scenario: appraisal of evolutions of uses, pressures... identification of potential gaps in water status with GES

54 水资源国际办公室巴黎初始状况说明针对经济方面 : 评估水资源用途与服务的经济分量评估水资源服务成本的回收水平 Source: Ministry of the environment, Québec, Canada 规划未来的工作状况 :20 年后 Source: Ministry of the environment, Québec, Canada 用途压力演变评估识别缺陷盲点与首要任务

55 水资源国际办公室巴黎 FLOW CHART OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES Characterisation of the district Permanent Technical Secretariat PARISPARIS E Basic measures will suffice Choose the most cost-effective measures Is GES likely to be achieved in 2015? ye s n Basic measures o will not suffice E Define supplementary measures Assess their costeffectiveness International Network of of Basin Organizations E Combine all measures Assess their impact E Choose the most cost-beneficial measures Go for a derogation Programme of measures Are the costs disproportionate? ye s E n o Choose the most cost-effective measures Basic Supplementary measures measures E Economic input

56 水资源国际办公室巴黎制定措施方案的流程图流域特征是否可在 2015 年实现目标? 基本措施足够是否基本措施不足确定补充措施 E 根据成本 - 效率观点选择最佳措施 E 评估其成本 - 效率 E 结合所有措施评估其影响 E 费用是否比例失调? 根据成本 - 利润观点选择最佳措施是否特例 E 根据成本 - 效率观点选择最佳措施措施方案基本措施补充措施 E 经济投入

57 International Office For Water PARIS-FRANCE IF WE ARE NOT ABLE TO MOBILIZE ENOUGH MONEY, WE SHALL NOT HAVE THE FRESH WATER WE NEED! Who will pay? FOR THE NEXT 25 YEARS International Network Of Basin Organizations NOW 48 Mi $ Govt and public sector 48 Mi $ Govt and public sector = 64% 14 Mi $ private sector 9 Mi $ ODA* 4 Mi $ 14 Mi $ private sector 9 Mi $ ODA* 4 Mi $ Who will pay? International firms 75 milliards $ / year 180 milliards $ / year * Official Development Assistance

58 今天未来 25 年所需的资金远远不足! 谁来承担? 明天 750 亿美元 / 年 1800 亿美元 / 年 480 亿美元政府和公共部门 480 亿美元 140 亿美元政府和公共部门私营部门 = 64% 90 亿美元跨国大企业 140 亿美元私营部门 ODA* 90 亿美元 ODA* 40 亿美元 40 亿美元谁来承担? * Official Development Assistance 如果我们不能筹集到足够的资金, 我们将无法获得生存所必需的淡水!

59 TRANSPARENY OF COSTS AND POLLUTER-PAYS PRINCIPLE: Permanent Technical Secretariat PARISPARIS Costs Definition Example Direct cost Capital costs Operating costs Principal and interest, depreciation Wages, electricity, maintenance of equipment, analyses of the quality of water International Network of of Basin Organizations Environmental cost Resource cost Sum = full cost Costs of the damages to the environment caused by a given activity Value of the alternative foregone by choosing a particular activity (= opportunity costs) Contamination of an aquifer, destruction of wetlands Cost of electricity that could have been produced if water would be available instead of being pumped for irrigation

60 投资成本成本定义例子直接成本财务费用运作费用折旧资金与利息更新工资水电费房租设备维护费用分析费用环境成本因既定活动对环境造成的损失成本资源成本因选择特别活动而放弃的替补价值 (= 机会成本 ) 含水层污染潮湿地带破坏可用水资源未被用于泵抽灌溉所发的电力成本 = 总成本

61 流域组织 International 国际网 Network of Basin Organizations The establishment of specific financing systems, based on the consumers and polluters contribution and common cause, is required in each basin to ensure the implementation of successive priority action plans and guarantee the smooth operation of the necessary community utilities. These contributions, defined by consensus in Basin Committees, should be mainly managed at the basin level, in a decentralized manner, by a specialized, technical and financial basin organization.

62 必须设置取决于水资源使用者及污染者的分担能力与利害关系的特别筹资体系, 以确保在各流域实现优先介入方案并保证公众部门的良好运作此类分担额度, 由流域委员会协商一致后予以确定, 且必须在流域管理事务中, 主要以分权化的方式, 由一个专业的技术与财务机构进行管理

63 water resources management should be organized: 6)with the mobilization of specific financial resources VARIOUS COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEMS FOR COST RECOVERY ADMINISTRATIVE TAXES: paid to the general budget. General taxes or penal fines New ecological tax. WATER-RELATED CHARGES: National water charges transiting through Special Accounts of the Treasury" Basin water charges levied by the Water Agency THE PRICING OF COMMUNITY SERVICES: Price of raw water levied by big developers Price of drinking water levied by the municipalities or water suppliers

64 资金筹措 : 采用用户 - 污染户 - 承担者的原则分摊连带责任公共 / 私营部门的伙伴关系国际援助经济激励水政策的资金来源 : 行政税务 : 纳入常规预算一般税款或行政罚款新的环境税收制度用水费 : 其他资金补充来源系统 : 3T 条例国家税收由特别财务帐户转入各流域的税收由水资源事务处收取社会公共服务部门的收费标准 : 原水价格由主要的领土治理机构制定征收饮用水价格由市政当局或供水机构制定征收其他划拨款项 : 官方发展援助水电航运...

65 FINANCING WATER POLICY : Permanent Technical Secretariat PARIS EQUALIZATION OF FINANCIAL EFFORTS: International Network of Basin Organizations Territorial equalization: in the same geographic area or basin Sectoral equalization: between public services drinking water electricity sanitation solid wastes... Equalization between users: rich, poor, big consumers / polluters, small consumers / polluters Equalization between functions: between upstream and downstream areas, between commercial services and administrative functions

66 水政策的资金来源 : 财政来源的分摊 : 地域分摊 : 在同一地理区域或流域内行业分摊 : 在各个公共服务行业间饮用水电力卫生 - 垃圾回收... 使用者之间的分摊 : 富人穷人用水大户 / 污染环境者小用户 / 污染环境者在不同职能机构间的分摊 : 在上游和下游机构之间, 在商业和行政职能部门之间

67 "POLLUTER-USER-PAYS" PRINCIPLE Withdrawal charges Pollution charges Water Agency budget voted by the Board of Directors according to the River Basin Committee's decision 10 % 90 % Studies & Research Agency Operation Monitoring networks Aids = 5-year Programme Large developers Local communities Farmers Industrialists

68 原则 " 污染者 - 使用者 - 付费者 " 汲水税污染税 10 % 调查与研究水利局预算需经过行政议会投票并由流域委员会同意 90 % 资助 = 5 年计划运作水文网络地区发展规划专家市政当局农民实业家

69 TWO HUNDRED AND SEVENTY SIX RIVERS OR LAKES AND HUNDREDS OF AQUIFERS ARE TRANSBOUNDARY ONES 全球共有 276 条其流域被至少两个沿岸国家所分享 ( 有时更多, 甚至达到 18 个国家 ) 的河流或湖泊以及数百个含水层区域

70 各洲跨境流域 Bassins Transfrontaliers par continent Pourcentage du territoire 区域百分比 Afrique - 非洲 % Asie - 亚洲 % Europe - 欧洲 % Amerique du Nord 北美洲 % Amerique du Sud 南美洲 % TOTAL - 总计 %

International Network of of Basin Organizations As regards large transboundary rivers, lakes or aquifers cooperation agreements should be signed by riparian countries and management plans designed

71 International Network of of Basin Organizations As regards large transboundary rivers, lakes or aquifers cooperation agreements should be signed by riparian countries and management plans designed at the level of all the basins, especially in International or transboundary Commissions, Authorities or Organizations. 关于国家间共享的大型河流湖泊或地下蓄水层, 相关国家之间必须签订和加强合作协议, 及其所有流域的管理方案, 尤其是相关的委员会主管机关或国际性跨国界组织

72 埃斯考河区域 /11/2002 Alain Lefebvre Président de la CIPE

25 26/11/2002 Alain Lefebvre Président de la CIPE Région Bruxelles Capitale Région Flamande France Région Wallon ne Bel gique Pays-Bas Co mmunication - participation pu blic Assem blée Plénière -

73 25 26/11/2002 Alain Lefebvre Président de la CIPE Région Bruxelles Capitale Région Flamande France Région Wallon ne Bel gique Pays-Bas Co mmunication - participation pu blic Assem blée Plénière - Décisions Chefs de Délégation Stratégie-Politique Président : A. Lefebvre GT Coordination Coordination internationale permanente Pr ésidence : NL - W - BXL Ca rto graphie Eaux souterrai nes Eaux de surface - RHME GT B - permanent Quali té du mi lieu aquatique Présidence : VL GT A - permanent Pressions sur le mi lieu aquatique Présidence : F Pressions & im pacts Masses d eau fortement modifiées Eaux littorales Lutte contre inondation et sécheresse Ecologie Sec rét ariat ONG s Experts, etc. Economie

74 布鲁塞尔首都地区佛拉芒地区法国瓦隆地区比利时荷兰 - 决策公众参与 - 交流代表团团长战略 - 政策主席 : A. Lefebvre GT 协调常设国际协调处总部 :NL - W - BXL 制图地下水地表水 - RHME GT B 常设水环境质量总部 :VL GT A 常设水环境压力总部 : F 压力与影响已变水体沿海地带水与干旱与洪涝作斗争生态秘书处非政府组织 (ONG) 的专家等经济 25 26/11/2002 Alain Lefebvre Président de la CIPE

75 Permanent Technical Secretariat PARIS 欧盟框架指令 : 欧洲水资源管理的未来! International Network of Basin Organizations The European Framework Directive: the future of water resource management In the European Union.

of the national and local Authorities involved in 2 pilot basins, by using methodologies that can be

76 Permanent Technical Secretariat PARISPARIS Implementation of the UN Convention for the international water courses management in Europe HELSINKY 1992 Building the data administration and sharing capacities of the national and local Authorities involved in 2 pilot basins, by using methodologies that can be replicated in other transboundary basins of the region. International Network of of Basin Organizations

77 Office International de l Eau PARIS EN CONCLUSION: Réseau International des Organismes de Bassin Différentes combinaisons de compétences sont possibles, Il n existe n pas un système meilleur que les autres: Les résultats r dépendent: d D une volonté politique forte, D une stabilité à long terme des mécanismes m instaurés, s, De l efficacitl efficacité de la gestion de chaque organismes, Des moyens humains et financiers rendus disponibles. La mise en œuvre des réformes r ne peut être que progressive, L association réelle r à la prise de décision d des Pouvoirs locaux, des usagers et des groupes porteurs d intd intérêts collectifs facilite leur «acceptabilité»,, l adl adéquation offre/demande et la mise en place de nouveaux systèmes de financement.

78 Office International de l Eau PARIS 总结 : Réseau International des Organismes de Bassin 权能之间可以存在多种不同的组合方式, 每个系统都有自身的优势, 没有绝对优秀于其他系统的 : 结果取决于 : 强大的政治意愿, 已建立的机制的长期稳定性, 各机构的管理效率, 可利用的人力和财政资源改革的实施只能是循序渐进的, 将用户和有共同利益的组织机构与当地政府的决策直接挂钩, 能够使得决策更具有 «被接受性»,, 保证供给 / 需求的相适应性, 建立新的融资系统

79 TOGETHER FOR INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OVER THE WORLD 我们的观念在不断进步, 为使其广为人知而行动起来! 流域组织 International 国际网 Network of Basin Organizations 必须支持全球流域组织的创立与发展! It is necessary to support the creation and strengthening of Basin Organizations over the world!

80 感谢您的关注! MERCI DE VOTRE ATTENTION! THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Vízgyűjtő Szervezetek Nemzetközi Hálózata Réseau International des Organismes de Bassin International Network of Basin Organizations Red Internacional de Organismos de Cuenca

has become a rarity. In other words, the water resources that supply the needs in Taiwan depend crucially on the reservoirs built at least more than t

has become a rarity. In other words, the water resources that supply the needs in Taiwan depend crucially on the reservoirs built at least more than t 臺灣水利第 64 卷第 1 期民國 105 年 3 月出版 Taiwan Water Conservancy Vol. 64, No. 1, March 2016 論台灣水資源開發的必要性 The Essentiality of Water Resource Development in Taiwan * 虞國興 GWO-HSING YU 淡江大學