スライド 1

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1 ALMA ( ALMA

2 ALMA

3 ALMA Antenna 64 elements 12m + ACA (4 elements 12m + 12 elements 7m) Receiver Frequency Band: Band 1~10(43 ~950 GHz) Correlator 1 antenna: 4Gsps 3bit 8IF = 96Gbps 80 antennas: Total Data Rate ~ 8Tbps

4 ALMA Correlator (eblc) Correlator Specification

5 ALMA Correlator (eblc) Block Diagram (STATION CORRELATION UNIT) UNIT)

6 ALMA Correlator (eblc) Organization Structure NRAO/ESO Correlation Part (NRAO) Digital Filter (ESO) Leader Allan Baudry (France) Designer B.Quertier (France), G.Comoretto(Italy), A. Gunst & A. Bos (ASTRON)

7 ALMA Correlator (eblc)2-stage DF 2-stage DF

8 ALMA Correlator (eblc)2-stage DF Digital Down Converter, Digital Filter response (simulation)

9 ALMA Correlator (eblc) 2-stage DF Digital Filter Altera FPGA 1S25 (2 DFs) 8192 chips 1.24M$ Altera FPGA Hardcopy 1S25 (2 DFs) 8192 chips 0.65M$ HardCopy 0.16M$ SUM 0.81M$ Next, Altera FPGA HardCopy 1S60 in review

10 ALMA Correlator (eblc) 64 ant. Correlator 64 ant baselines 8IF:2-GHz BW dual polarization: 2bit correlation 32 frequency resolution points Present Cost Estimation 12M US$ Future: down in price

11 ALMA Correlator (eblc) VME Correlator Control Computer (CCC) PowerPC 4 Block Structure A r c h i v e Control & configuration Monitor values Channel averages & spectral results Control paths Executive Integration Separate Control & complete Data Acquisition Control System Realtime Pipeline Archive Antenna blanking Correlator System Data Streams Delay values FDS (Archive) CAN Busses (8) ~32 CAN nodes per Quadrant WVR values Channel averages & spectral results 48 ms TE Ev ent Channels ALMA Baseline Correlator Computer Systems Corr. Quadrant # 1 LTA & Station Controllers Corr. Quadrant # 2 LTA & Station Controllers Corr. Quadrant # 3 LTA & Station Controllers Corr. Quadrant # 4 LTA & Station Controllers 32-bit data port 32-bit data port 32-bit data port 32-bit data port Internal CCC-CDP CORBA Telescope Operator WVR Coef f icients Ethernet Master Node TCP/IP to Archive Real-time Linux Dual CPU 1+ GB RAM Start / Stop / Configure / Monitor 66 MHz PCI Telescope Calibration Channel averages & spectral results Quick Look Pipeline 64 Antennas... Ethernet Data Processing Computer (CDP) Each compute node: Dual CPU Athlon 2.4+ GHz 25 MHz 32-bit data port Gigabit Ethernet Real-time Linux Diskless 512 MB RAM Array Control Computer (ACC) Science & Monitor Data Archive Telescope Calibration Quick Look Pipeline 48 ms TE bus Private CDP network CCC/Corr. CAN bus ALMA compuer network September 15, 2003

12 ALMA Correlator (eblc) Software Realtime Monitor Demonstration

13 ALMA Correlator (eblc) First Quadrant Production ID Task Name 151 First Quadrant Correlator 152 Interfaces w/other IPTs 165 LAB Upfit for Correlator Assembly Are 169 Rack, Bins, & Cables - First Quadrant 182 Text Fixtures (Advanced) 186 Assemble, Populate, & Test 1st Quadr 198 Integrated Testing 203 Software Development 205 Shipping of First Quadrant Correlator Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 3/2/2006

14 ACA Correlator (Japanese) Requirement We need the high sensitivity due to 7m ant.

15 ACA Correlator (Japanese) Specifications Type Num. Ant Corr. Bit CH eblc DHXF 64 2 bits 4096 ACA FX 16 4 bits 8192

16 Image Fidelity Improved by ACA (1) Simulation (Tatematsu, Tsutsumi et al. )

17 ACA Correlator (Japanese) ACA Correlator Block Diagram

18 ACA Correlator (Japanese) ACA Correlator ICD

19 ACA Correlator (Japanese) ACA Correlator Production

20 ACA Correlator (Japanese) Present Status Bid Briefing (8/6) Bid opening (end of Sep.) Cost performance = eblc Details Oct. after contract

21 E-VLA Exanded VLA project WIDAR: E-VLA Correlator

22 WIDAR NRC (Canada) 40 ele: 8IF 2GHz BW; channel Digital Filter 2-stage DF 1-stage: 2 GHz -> 1024 Tap 2-stage: 8 MHz -> 1024 Tap Correlation Part Lag 1024 Cascade connection -> 1 Hz frequency resol M$

23 SKA SKA

24 SKA SKA Correlator Australia

25 SKA Cost estimation for Big Project

26 Big Project Correlator ALMA 2 GHz BW X 8 IFs X 3 bits X 64 antennas eblc (including Digital Filter) 2 GHz BW X 8 IFs X 3 bits X 16 antennas ACA Correlator (FX type) SKA 4550 antennas Polyphase FX (Australia) Future.

1 VLBI VLBI 2 32 MHz 2 Gbps X J VLBI [3] CDAS IVS [4,5] CDAS MHz, 16 MHz, 8 MHz, 4 MHz, 2 MHz [6] CDAS VLBI CDAS 2 CDAS CDAS 5 2

1 VLBI VLBI 2 32 MHz 2 Gbps X J VLBI [3] CDAS IVS [4,5] CDAS MHz, 16 MHz, 8 MHz, 4 MHz, 2 MHz [6] CDAS VLBI CDAS 2 CDAS CDAS 5 2 32 1 Vol. 32, No. 1 2014 2 PROGRESS IN ASTRONOMY Feb., 2014 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8349.2014.01.07 VLBI 1,2 1,2 (1. 200030 2. 200030) VLBI (Digital Baseband Convertor DBBC) CDAS (Chinese VLBI Data Acquisition