Microsoft PowerPoint - UTMock_30.pptx

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1 Test Private Method Mock Object

2 測試 private method 原則單元測試測試客戶端如何使用物件, 驗證物件行為是否符合預期 Object-Oriented 封裝原則封裝變化 : 定義物件邊界, 及外部可視介面, 封裝物件內部變化以隔離物件內外封裝細節 : 客戶端, 不需了解物件內部資訊不須特別針對 private/protected method 測試 Visual studio 2012 刪除 2010 accessor 測試 private method 機制根據 TDD 精神, 所有 production code 都是為通過測試案例, 所以不會有涵蓋不到的 production code 2

3 測試 private - 充分測試 public 內聚力高原則 Private method 使用 code review 即可充分測試 public method, 即可充分測試到 private method 若無法充分測試到 private method over design TDD 中,private 是使用 refactoring 的 extract method 產生, 若測試有涵蓋不到 private method 的 code, 應刪除此 code private method 是複雜的意即複雜 public method 複雜的 object 責任根據 Single Responsibility Principle, 重構此 object, 設計其它 object 負責此任務 3

4 測試 private method 客戶滿額打折, 當日累積滿額 public class Customer { public static final int UPPER_BOUND=500; private int order[]; // 訂單簡化紀錄 private int getamountofday() { int money=0; for (int i=0; i<order.length; i++) { // 訂單加總 money += order[i]; return money; public Customer(int [] order) { this.order = order; public boolean exceeddaylimit(int amount) { int moneytoday = getamountofday(); return ((amount+moneytoday)>=upper_bound); Customer - order: int [] - getamountodday + exceeddaylimit(int) 4

5 測試 private getamountofday() import static org.junit.assert.*; import org.junit.after; import org.junit.before; import org.junit.test; public class CustomerTest { private Customer public void setup() throws Exception { int [] order = {10, 20, 30, 40,50; c = new public void teardown() throws Exception { public void testexceeddaylimit() { assertequals(false, c.exceeddaylimit(300)); assertequals(true, c.exceeddaylimit(1000)); 5

Mock Java Mockito 下載 mockito https://code.google.

6 Mock Java Mockito 下載 mockito 解壓縮 mockito zip 到 C:\eclipse\mockito 6

7 Mock Java Mockito Mockito 程式直接呼叫 static function Foo foo = mock(foo.class), 非寫成 Foo foo = Mockito.mock(Foo.class) Window - Preferences - Java - Editor - Content Assist Add import instead of qualified name 和 Use static imports 打勾 7

8 Mock Java Mockito 開啟 Eclipse, 造出 Project - TestMock 將 mockito-all-1.9.jar 加到 the build path 點選 TestMock Project 下的 JRE System 按右鍵 Build Path 的 Configure Build Path.. Properties for TestMock 的 Libraries 的 Add External JAR.. 選擇 Mockito-all1.9.jar 開啟 8

9 Mock Java Mockito 開啟 Eclipse, 造出 Project - TestMock 造出 ITranslator interface public interface ITranslator { public abstract String translate(string fromlanguage, String tolanguage, String word); 造出 Greeting class public class Greeting { private ITranslator translator; public Greeting(ITranslator translator) { this.translator = translator; public String sayhello(string language, String name) { return translator.translate("english", language, "Hello") + " " + name; 9

10 Mock Java Mockito Mock 架構 Setup (creation) expectations Exercise (test) 待測程式 (Greeting.java) Invoke I/O Mock Object (Itranslator.java) Verify expectations Greeting sayhello() ITranslator translat() 10

11 Mock Java Mockito 造出 mock/stub 物件 Itranslator mocktranslator = mock(itranslator.class); 待測物件 greeting 的 sayhello(), 呼叫 mocktranslator 的 translate(), 會產生的結果 when(mocktranslator.translate("english", "Italian", "Hello")).thenReturn("Ciau"); translate() 執行時, 丟出 exception dothrow(new RunTimeException()).when(mockTranslator). translate(); translate() 執行時, 不作任何動作 donothing().when(mocktranslator).translate(); 驗證待測物件 greeting 是否呼叫所依賴物件 mocktranslator 2 的 translate() verify(mocktranslator). translate()( ) 11

12 Mock Java Mockito 造出 Unit Test: File-New-Junit Unit Test import static org.junit.assert.*; import org.junit.after; import org.junit.before; import org.junit.test; import static org.mockito.mockito.*; public class TestMock public void setup() throws Exception public void teardown() throws Exception { 12

13 Mock Java public void shouldtestgreetinginitalian(){ //setup ITranslator mocktranslator = mock(itranslator.class); Greeting greeting = new Greeting(mockTranslator); when(mocktranslator.translate( English, Italian, Hello )).thenreturn( Ciau ); //execute assertequals("ciau Paulo", greeting.sayhello("italian", "Paulo")); //verify verify(mocktranslator).translate("english", "Italian", "Hello"); Run As Junit Test 13

14 Command 設計模式監控系統造一個 TestServer Project 待測類別為 Server 類別, 整個系統劇本利用 Command Design Pattern 設計監控系統每一個門有一個跟 Server 註冊的 ICommand 物件監控若門被打開則回傳 IResult 物件, 訊息為 CRITICAL, 此時 Server 物件啟動 IAlert 物件警示通知 Server ICommand + monitor() + addcommand(icommand) + removecommand(icommand) + getcommandsize(): int IAlert + sendalert(string) IResult + OK = 1 + CRITICAL = 2 + getstatus(): int + getmessage: String + execute(): IResult DoorCommand + execute(): IResult IDoor + getstatus(): String 14

15 Command 設計模式監控系統 Server 類別有四個 method addcommand: 傳入 ICommand 物件註冊, 用此物件做監控 removecommand: 移除 ICommand 物件 getcommandsize: 傳回註冊的 ICommand 物件個數 monitor: 逐一呼叫每個向它註冊的 ICommand 物件之 execute 方法以執行監控工作 public class Server { private List<ICommand> commands; private IAlert alert; public Server(IAlert i) { alert = i; commands = new ArrayList<ICommand>(); 15

16 Command 設計模式監控系統 Server 類別有四個 method public void monitor() { IResult r=null; for (int i=0; i<commands.size(); i++) { ICommand icom = commands.get(i); r = icom.execute(); if (r.getstatus()==iresult.critical) { alert.sendalert(r.getmessage()); public void addcommand(icommand i) { if (i!=null) { commands.add(i); else { throw new RuntimeException( null command ); public void removecommand(icommand i) { commands.remove(i); public int getcommandsize() { return commands.size(); 16

17 Command 設計模式監控系統 IAlert 介面, 宣告 sendalert() 發送警告 public interface IAlert { public void sendalert(string s); public boolean wasalertsend(); ICommand 介面, 宣告 execute: 監控某特定設備, 監控結果以 IResult 物件表示 public interface ICommand { public IResult execute(); 17

18 Command 設計模式監控系統 IDoor 介面, 宣告 getstatus() 獲取門的狀態開啟或關閉 public interface IDoor { public String getstatus(); IResult 介面有兩個 method getstatus: 傳回監控結果,1 表示 OK,2 表示 CRITICAL getmessage: 傳回字串代表監控結果的敘述 public interface IResult { public final static int OK=1; public final static int CRITICAL =2; public String getmessage(); public int getstatus(); 18

19 Command 設計模式監控系統 DoorCommand 類別, 監控門是否被打開或關閉透過 IDoor 介面判斷門的開啟或關閉狀態不同 sensor 廠商提供 IDoor 介面, 安裝門上監控 execute 呼叫 _door.getstatus() 檢查門的狀態回傳 open 代表門被打開,execute 函數傳回 CRITICAL 的 Result 物件, 將 Result 物件敘述設為 Door is open 19

20 五種層級 Mock 物件 Dummy Stub Spy 不做任何事傳入參數但不會被用到根據輸入參數回傳結果記錄物件的那個成員函數被呼叫, 以確認與待測物件互動 Mock 使用 Mock 函式庫動態建立, 設定資料提供回傳值, 或預期要呼叫的特定成員函式 Fake 接近原物件但實作較簡單例如 Alert 要傳簡訊, 但先實作成存檔 20

21 Exercise: 未使用 Java Mockito Server 類別為實作之待測類別, 其餘為 mock/stub 物件測試 Server 類別, 以及與 Server 互動的各 stub 物件最小實作所有 mock/stub 物件 public class TestServer { private IAlert spyalert; private Server public void setup() throws Exception { //server = new public void teardown() throws Exception { spyalert=null; server=null;

22 Exercise: 未使用 Java Mockito Dummy: 不做任何事傳入參數但不會被用到 public class DummyCommand implements ICommand{ public IResult execute(){ throw new RuntimeException("Unimplement"); // Using Dummy Object DummyCommand public void testcommandsize() { server = new Server(null); assertequals(0, server.getcommandsize()); //server.addcommand(null); server.addcommand(new DummyCommand()); server.addcommand(new DummyCommand()); assertequals(2, server.getcommandsize());

23 Exercise: 未使用 Java Mockito Stub: 根據輸入參數回傳結果 public class StubClosedDoor implements IDoor{ public String getstatus() { return "CLOSE"; public class StubOpenDoor implements IDoor{ public String getstatus() { return "OPEN";

24 Exercise: 未使用 Java Mockito Stub: 根據輸入參數回傳結果 public class DoorCommand implements ICommand{ private IDoor door; public DoorCommand(IDoor i) { door = i; public IResult execute() { String s = door.getstatus(); IResult r = null; if (s.startswith("close")) { r = new Result(IResult.OK, "OK"); System.out.println("OK~"); else if (s.startswith("open")){ r = new Result(IResult.CRITICAL, "OPEN"); if (r.getstatus()==iresult.critical) { System.out.println("HELP~"); return r;

25 Exercise: 未使用 Java Mockito Stub: 根據輸入參數回傳結果 public void testexecutedoorcommandwhendooropen() { DoorCommand doorcmd = new DoorCommand(new StubOpenDoor()); IResult result = doorcmd.execute(); assertequals(result.critical, result.getstatus()); public void testexecutedoorcommandwhendoorclosed() { DoorCommand doorcmd = new DoorCommand(new StubClosedDoor()); IResult result = doorcmd.execute(); assertequals(result.ok, result.getstatus()); asserttrue(result.getmessage().startswith("ok"));

26 Exercise: 未使用 Java Mockito Spy: 記錄物件的那個 method 被呼叫, 確認與待測物件互動 public class SpyAlert implements IAlert{ private boolean sendalert; public SpyAlert() { sendalert = false; public void sendalert(string s) { //System.out.println(s); sendalert = true; public boolean wasalertsend() { return sendalert;

27 Exercise: 未使用 Java Mockito Spy: 記錄物件的那個 method 被呼叫, 確認與待測物件互動 public void testmonitorsendalertwhendooropen() { spyalert = new SpyAlert(); server = new Server(spyAlert); server.addcommand(new DoorCommand(new StubOpenDoor())); server.monitor(); public void testmonitorsendalertwhendoorclose() { spyalert = new SpyAlert(); server = new Server(spyAlert); server.addcommand(new DoorCommand(new StubClosedDoor())); server.monitor(); assertfalse(spyalert.wasalertsend());

28 Exercise: 未使用 Java Mockito Fake: 接近原物件但實作較簡單, 例如 Alert 要傳簡訊, 但先實作成存檔 import java.io.*; public class FakeLogAlert implements IAlert { private PrintWriter writer; private String filename; private void close(closeable c) { try { c.close(); catch (IOException e) { e.printstacktrace(); public FakeLogAlert(String filename) throws IOException { filename = filename; public void sendalert(string msg) { try { writer = new PrintWriter(fileName, "UTF-8"); writer.println(msg); catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printstacktrace(); catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printstacktrace(); finally { close(writer); public boolean wasalertsend() { return true;

29 Exercise: 未使用 Java Mockito public void testmonitorsendalerttofakelogalertwhendooropen() throws Exception { IAlert fakealert = new FakeLogAlert("OpenFakelog.txt"); Server server = new Server(fakeAlert); server.addcommand(new DoorCommand(new StubOpenDoor())); server.monitor(); // assert that the OpenFakelog.txt contains a public void testmonitorsendalerttofakelogalertwhendoorclosed() throws Exception { IAlert fakealert = new FakeLogAlert("ClosedFakelog.txt"); Server server = new Server(fakeAlert); server.addcommand(new DoorCommand(new StubClosedDoor())); server.monitor(); // assert that there is no ClosedFakelog.txt

30 Exercise: 使用 Java Mockito 產生假的 ICommand, IAlert, IResult 物件, 測試 Server.minitor() 與 IAlert.sendAlert() 的互動 public class TestServer public void setup() throws Exception public void teardown() throws Exception public void TestMockWhenWindowBroken() throws Exception { ICommand mockcmd = mock(icommand.class); IAlert mockalert = mock(ialert.class); IResult mockresult = mock(iresult.class); Server server = new Server(mockAlert); when(mockcmd.execute()).thenreturn(mockresult); when(mockresult.getstatus()).thenreturn(iresult.critical); when(mockresult.getmessage()).thenreturn("broken"); server.addcommand(mockcmd); server.monitor(); verify(mockalert, times(1)).sendalert("broken"); 30

31 Exercise: 使用 Java Mockito 產生假的 ICommand, IAlert, IResult 物件, 測試 Server.minitor() 與 IAlert.sendAlert() public void TestMockWhenWindowClose() throws Exception { ICommand mockcmd = mock(icommand.class); IAlert mockalert = mock(ialert.class); IResult mockresult = mock(iresult.class); Server server = new Server(mockAlert); when(mockcmd.execute()).thenreturn(mockresult); when(mockresult.getstatus()).thenreturn(iresult.ok); server.addcommand(mockcmd); server.monitor(); verify(mockalert, times(0)).sendalert("close"); 31

新・解きながら学ぶJava

新・解きながら学ぶJava 481! 41, 74!= 40, 270 " 4 % 23, 25 %% 121 %c 425 %d 121 %o 121 %x 121 & 199 && 48 ' 81, 425 ( ) 14, 17 ( ) 128 ( ) 183 * 23 */ 3, 390 ++ 79 ++ 80 += 93 + 22 + 23 + 279 + 14 + 124 + 7, 148, 16 -- 79 --