2018 Volume IV, No. III Established Hparat Panglai Journal 1

Transcription

1 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established

2 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 Advisers Dr. JJ Lum Dau (Ph.D, Shinawatra University, Bangkok) Wang Hkang Awng Editor-in-Chief B.D. Maran Managing Editor Kareng Tu Ja Deputy Editor Dumsa Lawt Awng Foreign Correspondence Anaw (Chiangmai) Nnau Brang Nan (Innau, Ap, India) Computer Section Sumlut Roi Seng Sumlut Bawk Hkawn Layout hte Design Gumring Zau Mai (Tanghpre) Website Master Hkangda Brang San Awng (California) Manager for Finance and Distribution Hkangda Hkam Nyoi Columnists All staff members of HPLN Contact Information Hparat Panglai Laika Naura Lawk - V, Munglai Mazup, Laiza Mare, Kachinland hparatlaika@yahoo.com Website : hpe laning mi htaq, kruq lang shaprawq ai. MALAWM NI 3 Editorial mahkuh 4 Myusha ni a matu ahkyak htum ai ten du sai (Dr. JJ Lum Dau) 6 Amyusha Hpaji Dakkasu janmau shagrau hpawng galaw (Maraw Naw San) 8 Kawq-lakai re ai Pungga Ja Li a prat ndai (Nding Tawng Ra) 11 Legacy of A. Z. Phizo is the foundation of Nagaland (Naga Wondin) 13 Singpho Hkaq Jawh Poi (Bilaseng Namchoom & Nnau Brang Nan) 16 Buddhism Sasana hteq Kachin Hpanshan (B.D. Maran) 22 Kachin Communities Worldwide Demand United Nations Security Council Urgently Refers Burma To International Criminal Court (Nnau Brang Nan) 24 Cartoon 25 Mungkan gatlawk lapran na n law amyu ni a Ga/ Laika (Maraw Naw San) 26 Htenza magang hkyen sai anhte a mungdan ndai (Hpauyam Kaw Nan) 27 Hti yu nna sumru chyai, mung masa n-gun tai (Maru Brang Kum) 28 Manu dan ai shinggyim masha tai ra sai (Shagawng Brang) 30 Gawla Uk lauban Da Ba Sah (Latau Seng Awng) 37 Lahtaq hku pat yang, lawuq deq bawq; lawuq e kapa yang, lapran hku bai gayun (B.D. Maran) 40 World Kachin Conference Ndau Shabra Laika (HPJ - Reporter) 41 U.N concerned about heavy fighting in Myanmar s Kachin State (Reuters) 41 Lup kata nah ri dah maka buhkraq (Sut Suh Hkawn) 42 Yaq yang nah shiga sumlar ni (HPJ - Reporter) 2

3 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established Kachin Ramma Atsam Marai Ninggun : Ndai lang nah Kachin ramma ni aq kahkin gumdin dat ai ninggun atsam gaw, mungkan ting hpe ashun awam hpungtang kashaw matwa nga ai. May shata, Myitkyina e, Kachin ramma ni ninggun madun hpang wa ai. Myen Tatmadaw hpyen ni, Shanglawt shara ni deq, htuh lung kasat ai. Shanhte Myen hpyen ni htuh lung kasat n ra ai sinprawq Miwa lamugah jarit mayan deq gaw, sumtsan hkrat laknak kaba ni hteq, aten ahkying n lataq hkrup maraq gap sharut bun bun rai taw ai aten ni, rai nga ai. KIO sinnaq hkran magah deq nah Kachin IDPs mungh shawa masha ni gaw, Myen Tatmadaw ni pat shingdang dah ai ninghkan, nam shalawng e ruyak jamjau shoichyum taw ai ahkying aten ni mung, rai nga ai. Myen Tatmadaw shadip magam ni gaw, Kachin amyusha ting hpe asi ahtan, gahti galai roi shah taw nga masai. Kachin amyusha ni htum maq magang wa nga sai. Ndai lang gaw, Kachin Editorial Mahkuh ramma ni, Kachin ni hpe gan hkye mawoi lah lu ai atsam ningja kaba shaprawq dat ai, rai sai. Kachin ramma ni yawng hpe Hparat Panglai Journal kawq nna chyeju dum shakawn shagrau masat masa shakap dat gaq ai. Kachin ramma ni hpe hkap madiq shadaw ya nga ai Kachin hpungwoi ningbaw ninglar ni, mungh shawa kanu kawa masha ni aq akyu ara ni mung, kaba laq nga sai. Akyu pru sai. Kachin ramma ni ahkyak nga sai. Ndai ninggun atsam marai kaba ni gaw galoi mung, asak hkrung nga na sai! Myitkyina Kachin ramma ni gaw, shara shagu nah Kachin ramma ni hpe lu shagah kahkin dat lu nga ai. Ninggun atsam marai madun dan lu nga ai. Myen Tatmadaw hpyendap ni e pat shingdang tawn ai Kachin IDPs ni hpe wa hkye shawq lah lu hkra, shamu shamawt hkyen lajang wa ai. Myitkyina e ndai zawn byin ai majaw, mungkan shara shagu nah Kachin ni mung, ninggun madun wa maraq ai. US Kachin, Japan Kachin, Australia Kachin, England Kachin, Canada Kachin, India Singpho ramma ni,... shanglawm shamu shamawt wa nga ai. Dai sha n-ga, Kachin n re ai laga amyu ni gsd. Hkang (Chin), Myen jawngma ni, Myen hpungkyi ni,... ninggun madun shamu shamawt wa maraq ai. Ndai satlawat lachyum gaw, Myitkyina Kachin ramma shamu shamawt kawq nna Myen mungh ting shamu shamawt deq, masa gale hkyen matwa nga ai du hkra, byin taw nga sai, re. Myen shadip magam ni mung, aten dep lu shazim kau ai majaw, manghkang sharawq n hkrawn galu matut matwa ai, rai saq. Kachin ramma ni aq atsam marai kaba laq nga ai (8.8.88) nah, mungdan ting byin matwa ai mung, Rangoon dakkasu jawngma ni shabyin dat ai sha, rai nga maluq ai. Byin mayu taw ai satlawat gaw, rai saq; kadeq e mung, n gwi galaw hpang dat dat rai nga ai ning gaw, Myen mungh manghkang dingnye sumnoi shayan kaba wa byin byin rai ai daqbat shaning mung, wa ang nga ai ning e byin matwa sai Miwa Wong hpyen majan gaw, Kyaington Sam zawbwa ni hteq byin hpang wa ai manghkang kaji rai nga ai. Raitim, ndai Miwa- Sam kasat galar manghkang kawq nna Miwa-Myen kasat galar hkrang deq, gale matwa ai. Hpang jahtum, 3

4 Established Volume IV, No. III ning, December shata e Manmaw makau nah Kongtong mungga makyit hteq, majan shazim masai. Manga ning hkawt, Miwa Wong hpyen ni 4 lang daqbat kasat shang ai majan kaba ni, rai wa sai. Ang-sha-aq sha, May 12 yaq e, Muse hpaida dabang hpe Balawng hpyenlar ni sa htim kasat dat ai gaw, Myen hpyen ni hpe hkra kayet sha-ngap kau dat ai zawn, wa byin nga ai. Dai shaloi, Miwa shadip magam rapdawq mung, ga kaba shaga wa ai. Miwa-Myen OBOR hpaga yamga myit hkrum lam ginchyum hpungdim (MoU) hpe May shata 14 yaq e, galaw hkat na lajang dah nga ai. Muse lam mayan manghkang ni hpe Miwa- Myen manghkang deq, byin wa na hpe Myen gaw, grai tsang uq ai. Wa (UWSA) woi ningbaw ai FPNCC hku nna Beijing snr Kunming e satlawat htaq hkan nhtawm, shiga sanglang hpawng ning kaw nna 1941 daini du hkra, Myen amyu gaw mungkan kaw ram htum ai American, British, Japan, Miwa zawn re ai ni hpe shanhte ra sharawng ai hkrang de, jahtuk shapraw la nna ganawn wa masai. Lai wa sai shi (press conference) hpe man man, Miwa shiga media ni hpe mahtai jawq lu ai rai yang, Myen ni kade masuq shaga tim, Miwa-Myen manghkang masa deq, bai shabyin lu nga ai. Laknak hpai rudiq rawtmalan wuhpung ni gaw, mungkan shachyam dat lu ai shiga media wuhkya n maduq lu shi nga ai. Ndai gaw, Facebook e shiga maraq hkat ai masa htaq, grau ngangkang nga ai. FPNCC wuhpung ni mungkan media zup nga ai shara e, shiga sanglang hpawng hpe sakse sakgan hteq hpawn, man man galaw ya lu ai wuhkya madang hpe asak jahkrung bang ra nga maluq ai. Ndai gaw, media majan masing sharawt ai ladat, rai. KIA Gidon post, dapdung 12, 27, 11,... ni hpe Myen Tatmadaw ni nlu ndah htim kasat zing ai mung, Miwa aq One Belt One Road masing gaiwang lamugah e lawm rawng ai majaw mung, rai nga ai. Masa uhtawt hpe n ning laman na lam hpe maram yu yang, grau nna sinpraw, sinna mungkan hpe ra yang, ra ai hku jahtuk jai lang ai hta Miwa hte American mungdan hpe jahtuk jai lang wa masai. Raitimung, ya hpang na daw kaw mungkan a shalau yang, galoi mung awngdang ai snr sum machyiq ai mahtai n pru lu nga ai. Ndai gaw, shing-ra masa nan, rai nga ai. Teng ai ginjang gaw, jahtum e sum machyiq ngu ai sha, ngam lu ai. Kachin amyusha shawnglam gammaka hpe Kachin ni nan n myit sumru lah ai rai yang, laga amyu masha ni myit ya shakut na kun? Kachin ramma ni myit sumru ra sai. Dawqdan ra sai. Galaw ra sai. Ramma ninggun marai gaw, dainih sakse madun nga sai. Ndai ramma ninggun (new generation) gaw, nangshoi nangsha hkaq bra ayai nga ai Kachin amyusha ni hpe bai kahkin gumdin dat lu ya na ninggam lakang mung, wa byin nga sai. Kachin ramma ni amyusha lam yan e, nsen shaprawq ra mat sai. B. D. Maran Editor-in-Chief. MYUSHA NI A MATU AHKYAK HTUM AI TEN DU SAI Dr. JJ Lum Dau (Ph.D) hkam la ai masa hta hkan nna, Myen ni shanhte ra sharawng ai hku ka manawt hkawm na matu, shanhte a mungkan gaw grip magang wa ang sai. Lai wa sai ten ni hta, sinna de na ningbaw ni hpe ra sharawng ai hta hkan nna aloi ali shang magra 4

5 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established apup mai timung, ndai ten na masa hpe yu yang sinna de na ningbaw ni hpe hkrum mayu nna Vietnam shingjut shingnaw hkan na gatlawk ni kaw hkan ahpu tam ra wa ang masai ning kaw Myenmung ting na rawtmalan hpung ni jawm gawgap shachying la ai NDF hpe gara hku shamyit kau na matu, tai hpyen wa ladat shaw tawn ai hpe hpyen masa ningmu kyungkyang ai jinghku kaba langai gaw gara ladat hte makawp maga la mai na lam hpaji jaw wa yu sai. Dai ningmu hpe grai ahkyak dum ai KIO kasa gaw, 1983 ning kaw hpawng ai NDF zuphpawng kaw tang madun ai shaloi, NDF a Chairman tsun wu ai hta, Nanhte Kachin ni hpe tsang jawng kaji sharin ya ai gaw, anhte Kayin ni she re. Ndai shara kaw grai chye dum ai ga manaw shum sa tsun nga ai majaw KIO kasa gaw aka-tsi rai dung mat ai. Dai hte maren, UNFC hpe jahten sharun na matu tai hpyen wa kaw lit nga ai hte maren, agah lahtum nshut, teng sha jahten sharun wa na hpe tau nna jawm chye tawn chyalu rai sai. Laika ngau langai kaw, One belt, one road ngu ai ningmu gaw, Myenmung ting na rawtmalan hpung ni hpe shamyit kau lu na hpaji rai nna, tai hpyen wa gaw, htingbu mungdan a matu ladat shalat ya ai ningmu re lam, ka tawn ai hpe mu hti wa yu sai. Kaga ahkyak ai lam langai gaw, Beijing du ai shaloi, Miwa salang ni san wa ai ga san hta, Myenmung na masha ni hta, kadai ni mahtang ahkyak ai masha byin tai wa mai na kun? nga nna san wa ai. Mahtai:- Labau hpe yu yang, Myen gaw Indian amyu kaw na nga pra wa ai ni re. Shanhte gaw matse ai amyu rai nna, Myen n re ai, kaga amyu ni yawng hpe hkan zing lah nna Bama ngu ai mungdan hpe shachying lah wa masai. Dai majaw, mungdan madu majing gaw Myen n re ai myusha ni rai ma ai. Shanhte gaw, shawng de hpaji n chye timung, daini na ten hta, prat dep hpaji chye ai ni byin tai wa masai. Shingrai, shanhte gaw lani mi na ten hta mungdan madu byin tai wa na ni rai nna, aten galu hta ahkyak ai myusha ni byin tai wa wa na ma ai, ngu mahtai jaw kau da sai. UWSO gaw hkamdahka lam nga ai mungdaw hpe shachying lah nna shanhte raq sharawng ai ahkaw ahkang hpe tek jum tawn nhtawm, shanhte raq sharawng ai tara hte wanglu wanglang uphkang nga lu sai rai nna, myit dik nga sai majaw, Myen shadip magam hpe ninghkap nna majan gasat wa na ni n rai sai. Shingrai lani mi na aten hta, UWSO gaw n-gun grau kaba wa nna Myen shadip magam hpe shingjawng mayu wa na hpe tsang ai rai nna, UNFC hte UWSO hpe jahtuk pawng lah ai ladat hte yawng hpe shabyawng lah na matu, ladat shaw nga ai ngu maram mai nga ai. Ndai zawn rai remote control lang nna tai hpyen wa a masing ni hpe maram masam galaw mai ai npawt nhpang hpaji gaw, anhte myusha hkum shagu hta Karai Kasang kaw nna rap-ra ai machye machyang nyan hpaji ni hpan tawn da ya chyalu rai sai. Hpa mi naw ra a ta? Grup-yin kaw byin pru nga ai mabyin masa ni kaw na yu la mai ai lam ni nga na re. Yehowa Karai Kasang shaman da ya ai machye machyang hpe kam ai zawn, tinang a atsam hpe mung ngangkang ai hkam la lam hte tsepkawp kam nhtawm, shadik shatup sa wa ga law. Grup-yin kaw byin pru nga ai Myen amyusha shada a lapran kaw dandawng byin pru nga ai lam ni, mungdan ting kaw byin pru nga ai mabyin masa, mungkan ting Myen hpyen shadip magam hpe kade daram jawm ninghkap nga ai mabyin masa, UN kaw nna Myen hpyen shadip magam hpe kade daram jawm ninghkap 5

6 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 nna, Myen hpyendap gaw mungkan ting kaw matsat shabat, hpyang dik htum ai madang hku jawm hkam lah nga ma ai lam ni hkum sumhpa a ntsa hta lakap nna, tai wa gaw shi a lahkam hpe gara kaw htawt kabye na hpe pyi n lu dawdan sai majaw, daini gaw, shanhte n ju htum ai Kachin myusha ni hte KIO/KIA hpe shamyit kau na matu, dawdan nhtawm tai wa lu ai hpyen n-gun, laknak n-gun maqhkra hkyen shabawn la nhtawm, Kachinland de anut lung wa manu ai. Ntsa tsang kaw na ni matsun jaw dat timung, lawu tsang na ni a lasaw lasa ni lagyaw mat nna n mai shamu ai mabyin masa hte hkrum nga manu ai lam ndai laika ka nga ai ten hta kahtet kamawt shang wa ai shiga hkap lu lah nga ai. Hpunau wa e, Karai Kasang gaw anhte myusha ni madu uphkang sa na matu hkumtsup ai mungdan hpe hpan tawn da ya sai. Ngangkang ai hkam lah lam hte awmdawm ai ahkaw ahkang hpe lang nhtawm uphkang sa na matu, myithkrum mang-rum hte kabu gara hkap tau lah ga, ngu nna hpu nau ji nban yawng hte hpe sawq shaga dat nngai law. 6 AMYUSHA HPAJI DAKKASU JANMAU SHAGRAU HPAWNG GALAW Maraw Naw San (Chyawnghtawk) 2018 ning, May shata 18 ya shani gaw Amyusha hpaji hkrumlam hta lagaw hlamhkam mi bai htawt lu ai ninghtoi rai nga ai. Ginjaw Hpaji Dap kaw na lit la hpaw da ai Maija Yang Muklum hta, na Amyusha Hpaji Dakkasu (Institute of Education) a masum lang ngu na hta Janmau shagrau hkam na jawngma shayi shadang ni 286 hte rau, Hkawlik/Dakkasu magam gun ni, Mungdan a Daru Magam salang ni, Jawngma Kanu Kawa ni hkum hkum ra ra sa du shanglawm wa sai. Daining na jawng yu hpawng hta shagrau lu ai janmau ni gaw Diploma in Education, Diploma in TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages), Diploma in Foreign Languages, hte Six-Months Short Course Program in Education ni rai nga ai. Daining na janmau shagrau hpawng hta Diploma in Education jawngma 62, Diploma in TESOL jawngma 22, Diploma in Foreign Languages jawngma 13, Pre College jawngma 151, hte magam gun nga sai sharin sara ni a aten kadun sharin hpawng (Six-month Short Course) hpe ngut kre la lu sai sara 38, yawng 286 hpe sengang ai hpaji janmau ni hte jawng ngut masat

7 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established pa ni hpe shagrau ya sai. [Sara (teacher) ngu ai gasi lachyum e, Num, La sara ni yawng hkyawm lawm sai. Saranum ngu ai gaw, Myen ga Sayama, ဆရ မ ngu ai kaw na yu wa ai, rai nga ai.] Shingdu Labau Kadun: Daini na Amyusha Hpaji Dakkasu (Institute of Education) hpe Wunpawng Mungdan Shadip Magam, Ginjaw Hpaji Dap kaw na lam woi ningshawng nga ai Sara Hpaji sharin shalat ya nga ai hpaji ginra rai nga ai. Shanglawt sumbu jawng ni hta, ra kadawn nga ai ningpawt ninghpang hpaji sharin sara shalat lu na matu, 1997 ning hta Maija Yang Sara Tai Jawng (Teacher Training School) ngu nna ningpawt hpang wa sai. Dai shaning kaw na ningja rawng sara ni hpe shalat lai wa sai hpaji ladaw hta gaw, Maija Yang Sara Hpaji Hkawlik (Teacher Training College) madang de sharawt la lu sai hte maren, lapran tsang madun sharin sara law law hpe shalat ya lu wa sai ning hta gaw, Hkawlik madang kaw na Amyusha Hpaji Dakkasu (Institute of Education) madang de ningja sharawt lu wa sai. Dai shaning ni kaw na Amyusha Hpaji Dakkasu hta undergraduate hte postgraduate diploma Janmau amyu amyu hpe shagrau ya wa sai. Hpaji Dakkasu rai ai hte maren, buga ginra ni hta ra kadawn nga ai sharin sara ni hpe shalat, tatut magam gun nga ai sara ni hpe ningja sharawt ya nga ai dakkasu nan rai nga ai. Shagrau Ya nga ai Hpaji Janmau ni hte Sharin Ginhpan ni I. Diploma in Education Lawu Tsang hte Lapran Tsang madun sharin sara ni hpe shalat ya lu na matu yawshada let, lawu na sharin ginhpan ni hpe 2 ning laman numdaw 4 garan nna ginlen nga ai. Core Course - Foundation of Education, - Educational Psychology - Curriculum Studies - Instructional System Design - Child Psychology - Educational Administration - Educational Leadership - Educational Management - Philosophy of Education Selective Course - Myanmar Language - Mathematics - Science - Social Studies - Biology - Chemistry - Economics - Geography - History - Physics Cognate Course - Study Skills - English Language Skills - Publishing Article - Kachin Language - Practicum - Computer Extra Curriculum - School Health - Development Studies - Kachin History and Political Science - Drawing - Lesson Planning and Test Construction - Child-Centered Approach (CCA) - Music - Civics II. Diploma in TESOL Ndai Janmau hpe gaw Lawu Tsang hte Lapran Tsang English ga/laika sharin sara laksan tai wa na matu hte sharin ladat ni 7

8 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 hpe English laika kaw na Jinghpaw laika gale chye ai ni tai wa lu na matu yawshada nna maigan ga/ laika sharin ladat ni hpe madung sharin ya nga ai. Lawu na ginhpan ni hpe 2 ning laman, numdaw 4 garan nna shrin shalat ya nga ai. Core Course - Teaching English to Young Learners - Language Curriculum Design - Principle of Language Learning and Teaching - Teaching and Learning in Classroom - Approach to Language Teaching - Learner Assessment - Language Course Design Selective Course - Teaching Speaking - Teaching Writing - Teaching Grammar - Issues and Options in Language Teaching Cognate Course - Study Skill - Educational Psychology - Child Psychology - Publishing Article - English Language Skills - Method of Teaching English - Practicum - Foundation of Education - Philosophy of Education - Computer III. Diploma in Foreign Languages Ndai Janmau hpe gaw sut masa hte hpaji masa hta ningpawt tai lu ai Maigan ga/laika ni hpe sharin ginlen ya nga ai. General Chinese, English Language Proficiency, Chinese Language (Level One Three), hte Computer ni hpe madung sharin ginlen ya nga ai. Wunpawng mungdan hpe shanglawt lu hkra woi galaw lu ai ningbaw ni hpe shalat ya lu na matu; Wunpawng mungdan hpe hpaji hte makawp maga chye ai ningbaw ni hpe sharin shalat ya lu na matu; Wunpawng amyusha ni yawng hpe sut masa, hpaji masa ni hta mungkan madang dep rawt jat hkra woi galaw lu ai ningbaw ni hpe sharin shalat sa wa lu na matu, hte Wunpawng amyusha marai hkum shagu hpe kadai mung n mai dip da ai sha, tinggyeng shanglawt lu ai ni mung rai wa na matu, ngu ai yawshada lam ni hte mungkan machyoi hpaji hte sara hpaji ni hpe ginlen ya nga ai Amyusha Hpaji Dakkasu rai nga sai. Kawq-lakai re ai PUNGGA JA LI a prat ndai Shawng nah matut Nding Tawng Ra (ngefmum;a&;rsl;? HLD) 1958 ning na mahkrum madup Pungga Ja Li jawng sa lung ai nta madu yu ji wa gaw, lam kuli marai shi hpe woi awn ai wa re. Shingrai kashu Ja Li hpe mung jawng dat shata lahkawng laman hta kuli hpung kaw bang shalawm da nga ai. Dai shata lahkawng a shawng na daw, Chihpwi hte Zang Nawng lapran kaw Hpungmai hkaq mahkrai hkrai na matu magri sumri dun hpang ai shaloi lawm lai wa ai. Zang Nawng hkran de mahkrai shadaw pawt masha 2 tup sung ai nhkun htu ai kaw mung lawm lai wa sai. Zang Nawng mahkrai hkrai na matu hpri arung arai ni, Chihpwi de htaw shalun ra nga ai, raitimung Chihpwi 8

9 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established zup de modo Jeep sha naw mai lung ai aten re. Jeep hta grau kaba ai modo lu lung na matu, modo lam hpe shapa jat ra ai bungli pru wa sai. Ja Li lawm ai kuli hpung gaw Chihpwi zup de shang wa ai Zang Nawng mahkrai pawt hte yang kaw lit ang ai. Chihpwi mare kaw nna hpalung 3 daram yu wa ai kaw Zang Nawng mahkrai pawt wa madi ai. Mahkrai pawt a hka nam maga kaw Hpungmai hkaq la-ing langai mi nga nga ai. Dai la-ing hpe Lhao vo ga hku (Mhai Saw) nga ai rai nna, lachyum gaw mahtat la-ing ngu ai re. Hpa majaw mahtat la-ing ngu shamying ai nga yang, la-ing dai gaw grai sung nna chyang ai sha mu ai majaw, shamying ai re. Dai la-ing kaw nna modo lam du hkra lalam hkying mi daram tsaw na shadu ai. Modo lam a ningtsa maga de lunghtawn ni ladawn taw nga ai rai nna, hpri htaw ai modo kaba ni n mai lai nga ai. Shing-rai Kuli hpung ni gaw dai lunghtawn ningtsa de lung nna, hpri shingban ni hpri tawng hpri shanghkawp ni hte lam ntsa de htu gyi jahkrat nhtawm lam de nlung sumpu wa jang, tsun lai wa sai mahtat la-ing de galau jahkrat kau nga ai. Nlung kaba ni hpe taleng jahkrat dat ai shaloi, mahtat la-ing kaw du jang, nlung ni kamaq mat ai rai nna, nbu si daram ram sha mu lu sai. Lunghtawn ni hpe htu jahkrat ai shaloi shi hkrai n galau hkrat na matu galaw da nna, modo lam hpe wa seng kau ra ai lam nga ai. Lani mi na aten hta shawoi na hte maren garai n jahtuk luyang, lam du wa ai modo du lung wa ai. Shingrai ru hkrat wa na zawn re ni hpe naw tawn kau da nna, lam du wa a modo lai lu na matu lam hpe wa seng ai. Lam hpe seng nga yang, shawng e ntsa kaw htu tawn da ai nlung gaw loi sha n re. Nlung bum hte nlung kaba ni lawm nga ai. Dai nlung ni gaw lam seng taw nga ai shara kaw wa hkrat sumpum na ni re. Lam seng taw nga ai kuli ni lam a kade nde hprawng yen shajang sai. Ja Li gaw ka-ang kaw nga ang ai majaw nlung ruhkrat wa ai hpe yen lu hkra gumtsat dat ai shaloi mahtat la-ing nga ai lunggam de ang mat ai. Raitimung wa gumhtawn hkrat ai shara kaw kabye shara loi mi nga taw ai. Shing-rai n-gam mahka kaw wa tsap taw nga yang, nlung ni ru hkrat wa ai gaw Ja Li kaw langai mi mung n ang ai. Lapai maga na magyi pawt nra yang kaw lungdin kasha langai sha hkra ai. Bai noi lung wa na matu mung n manu nga ai. Manang ni e kawa yan ladawn ya nna bai lung wa lu sai. Hkrit kajawng mat ai majaw kawa yan kaw no na pyi tsam mari she rai mat sai. Dai kaw lama di hkrat mat wa ai rai yang, masha chyahkrung hkum tsun, shan hkyep ni lu tam la na pyi n loi mat na sha re. Chyahkring mi rai jang nlung hkra ai hkang machyi wa nna, bungli n lu galaw sai. Lam lu seng kau ai hte rau lam Duwa a modo hte Chihpwi mare de wa mat ai. Dai shaloi na lam Du gaw Saw Rowa ngu ai Kayin la wa re. Shi a nta gaw, dai ten hta ya na Myitkyina Dapkawng buga hkalup hpung nawku jawng a lahta yang kaw re. Lam kuli galaw ai shata lahkawng a jahtum daw de gaw mahkrai pat kaw n rai sai sha lam gawan ai hpung hku nna nga mat ai. Modo kaba lai n lu na zawn re shara ni hpe shangang ai. Shing-rai Myitkyina kaw na miles 68 tsan ai shara kaw Pawfo ngu ai hkaq shi langai mi nga ai. Dai hkaq shi makau lam lahta maga kaw lagat gat kung no nga ai. Lana de mi hta dai gat kun ghpe di sha woi ma ai. Gat kung di ai shaloi, masha yawng marai shi langai kaw na Ja Li hpe chyu sha lagat ni jawm gawa sai. Ngam ai masha marai shi kadai hpe mung n gawa nga ai. Hkum ting kaw lagat gawa da ai rai nna, hkum ni yawng 9

10 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 bum mat sai. Dai shana gaw sinda chyat nna yup n lu ai. Dai shana gaw shata lahkawng lam kuli galaw ai shata htum shana mung rai nga ai. Hpang shani gaw jawng hpaw sai. Raitimung bat mi daram jawng n lu sa mat sai. Baw hte hkum ting kaw jung mat ai lagat balen gaw di nna, mahkawng dat yang Udi wan seng langai hpring re. Bat mi a hpang e shakut nna jawng sa lung ai raitim myi ni naw bum ai hte laika atsawm n lu yu ai. Lagat gawa hkrum ai hpang shata mi ganoi du wa ai shaloi nta de na masha marai lahkawng sa wa ai. Dai yan sa tsun ai shiga gaw Ja Li hpe nta de chyahkring mi naw wa shangun na ahkang sa hpyi nga ai. Nta de hkan nang wa ai shaloi nta na ni shawoi na hte laklak lai lai bawm la ma ai. Yup shara mung dawdap kaw n re sha kaji dwi a yup gawk kaw shayup ma ai. Hpang shani gaw salang marai 4, 5 dang maga ga de sa mat wa ai hpe mu dat ai. Shat dap kaw mung nbaw kabaw ai tsa ni mung malum ma ai. Kade n na yang hkawm mat wa ai ni bai du wa ai. Shat dap kaw lajang da ai nbaw shat Udi, shan, tsa tsamai ni hkuawn kaw bang nna gawk de la shang wa ai. Dumsa wa lalaw ngut jang dai lu sha ni Ja Li hpe shawng jaw nna, jawm garan sha ma ai. Shawng e pru mat wa ai masha hpung ni gaw shawng shaning na yi shari yi wa kaw masha langai mi dung na shara daram krin taw nga ai yi wa ningsa de sa ai ni rai nga ma ai. Shawng shawng kaw nna ta kaw lama ma byin ai hpe salang ni dum ai. Dai majaw shaba wawt yu ai shaloi, shawng shaning na yi shari yi wa kaw nta masha langai ngai a numla dam ai ngu shaba hpru nga ai. Dai yi gaiwang gaw kinla kawng ngu ai yi gaiwang re. Kade a numla dam ai ngu shaba bai galaw wawt yu ai shaloi jawng de nga ai Ja Li a numla ngu nna shaba lap kaw madun ai. Lagat kawa hkrum ai majaw numla dam ai n rai nga ai. Hpa majaw nga yang lagat ni gaw Ja Li hpe sha gawa ai. Shing-rai numla n gu ai majaw lagat gawa ai rai nga ai. Numla dam ai lam gaw Chihpwi zup kaw di hkrat ai shaloi dam mat ai mai byin nga ai ning hta gaw jawng de grai laklai ai lam n nga ai. Raitimung Ja Li jawng lung lu hkra jawng de hkan sa ai kawoi dwi n nga mat ai shaning rai nga ai. Lani mi a shana maga de jawng lung nga ai Shamkyaw mare na yu ji wa a nta de jaujau sa woi la ma ai. Nta du wa yu yang kawoi dwi n nga mat sai. Shing-rai modo lam shara ra kaw nga ai yu ji wa kaw sa tsun na matu yi kaw nga ai Nayap Lum Hkawng ngu ai wa hpe sa saw woi nna, modo lam hkan hkrat wa sai. Yu ji wa gaw, Danga Bude kaw nga na zawn nawn nna tam hkrat wa ai lam rai nga ai. Danga Bude kaw kuli hpung ni hte n hkrum ai. Shing-rai ga htet kau da nna, kawoi dwi a mang taw ai Shamkyaw de nsin e bai du lung wa sai. Shan du lung wa ai ten gaw shana hkying 9:00 pm daram rai nga sai. Jawngma manang ni nta hpring hkra nga nga la ma ai. Hpang jahpawt gaw mang hta kau na rai sai. Mam mu ta nmut ten re majaw, mare ting na salang ni kadai mung n nga ai ten ang nga ai. Mang hpai ai lam, mang lup ai lam ni hta Ja Li shi nan galaw ra mat ai. Yawn let hkrap let mang lup sa wa sai. Lup sunghku sa htu ai shaloi, shang hkawp hkaran wa ai rai nna, shanghkawp galaw shachyaw ai ngu yang lata kaw kahtam la sai ning hta gaw tsang 4 lung ai shaning re. Jawng dat ai hte Myitkyina ginwang a kabu gara shiga gat hkai ai campain kaw lawm na matu, campain ningbaw rai nga ai. Tanghpre na hpung-up sara Latau Naw htet kau da ai. Dai shaning na Dumbang buga hpung a Hkritmas gaw shawng e Ja Li shi jawng lung daw 10

11 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established dawq kau da ai Pungwa Jawng wang kaw ang nga ai. Hkristmas nhtoi gaw 24th,25th rai nna, 26th ya shani manam bra ai. Ja Li mung dai poi de aten dep du na hku re. Raitimung sanpoi htai da nna, mahtai n na shi ai aten re. Raitim jawng up wa Jumzang Hkawng Dau gaw,tsang 4 awng sai hku jawng htawt lakmat ka ya dat ai. Dai jawng htawt lakmat hta Maran Gam ngu ai Ja Li nga nna, mying ka ya ai. Dai lam gaw jawng up sara kaba Jumzang Hkawng Dau kuptsup ai lam rai nga ai. Shing-rai shi htet dat ai gaw sasana bungli hta shakut u, sanpoi gaw awng sai ngu nna, sha myit nu nga nna tsun ai. Jawng htawt lakmat hpe sumbu kaw bang dat ya ai rai nna, gara hku ka da aihpe n chye lu ai. Manhkrin jawng kaw jawng mying sa bang ai shaloi, jawng up sarama kaba Maran Hkawn Lum jawng htawt lakmat kaw mying lahkawng rawng ai. Lahkawng yan bang na kun? gara mahtang madung ai nga nna san ai. Ja Li mahtang madung re ngu nna, tsun dan ai majaw, dai shani kaw nna mying madung bai lu la ai re. Hpang nah lang bai matut na : (HPJ). Legacy of A. Z. Phizo is the foundation of Nagaland (Speech delivered by I. Temjenba Lkr, Kedallo, FGN, on the 28th death anniversary of Dr. A. Z. Phizo, former president, NNC and Father of the Naga Nation, April 30, 2018 at Phizo Hill, Kohima, Nagaland) Naga Wondin (May 1, 2018) Angami Zapu Phizo, Father of the Nation, The man who gives his all for his people (May 16, April 30, 1990) Our land is our heritage. To none shall it be surrendered. Mr. Chairman, Madam Eli Adinno Phizo, President, NNC, Gen. (Retd.) Viyalie Metha, Kedahge, FGN, National Leaders, Pastors, Ladies and Gentlemen. Firstly, I thank you all for being here to pay respect and honour the life of Dr. A. Z. Phizo, Father of the Naga Nation. This Graveyard is a place of Reverence, of Peace and a Heritage for the people, the present and the future. It was organized by a Funeral Organizing Committee (FOC), who was selected by the unprecedented crowd of Naga Public, who were assembled at the Naga Club Building and its premises on the morning of 1st May, 1990 for the Funeral of A. Z. Phizo- The accepted Father figure of the Naga People and Nation. Later, it was formally approved by the Tatar Hoho (Parliament) of the Federal Government of Nagaland. 11

12 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 Twenty seven years ago, on 30th of April, 1990, Dr. A. Z. Phizo suddenly passed away at the age of 86, quietly and peacefully at his house in Bromley, London. Our Nation lost his invincible leadership. Every nation is led by a leader. The success or failure of a nation is seen through its leader. The legacy of leader A. Z. Phizo to our people is the foundation of Nagaland. Because of his visionary national leadership and sacrifice our nation stood out alone in the sea of changes around us from the old order to the new era during 1946 to A. Z. Phizo on becoming the President of NNC in 1950 immediately began to direct the course of NNC into a political consciousness, and brought all regions (tribes) together as single collective nation. He next took a national referendum, by conducting a National Plebiscite on May 16, 1951 by giving a choice to the people to decide whether to stay Independent or join India. The result was 99.9 percent of the Naga people were against joining the Indian republic. He also brought in our Eastern Nagas to join the mainland, and established the Federal Government of Nagaland on March 22, The indisputable right of the Nagas, stated that the Nagas are not Indians and that Nagaland is not a part of the Indian Territory, Phizo said. 1. Your birthright as a sovereign person. 2. Your possession of land as your own personal property. 3. And that the way of life in Nagaland which is rooted in the system of pure democracy. These institutions are the highest Human achievements. Human kind has been yearning for this is what we have inherited from our Forefathers. I would like to state a few remarkable achievements and extraordinary worked he had carried out for the Naga nation. 1. The declaration of Naga Independence on the 14th of August, 1947, was informed to the UNO, New York and the British India Government, in New Delhi by Telegram. 2. January 1, 1950, A. Z. Phizo wrote a letter to the United Nations regarding the 16th May, 1951 Naga Voluntary Plebiscite to remain sovereign and a free democratic nation. 3. March 29, 1951 inviting Government of India in Delhi to send delegates to witness the Naga Voluntary Plebiscite. 4. May 16, 1951 Plebiscite was successfully conducted. 5. March 22, 1956 formed the Federal Government of Nagaland. 6. July 26, 1960 held an International Press Conference in London. 7. October 8, 1960 submitted the memorandum entitled The Fate of the Nagas to the United Nations Head Quarters, New York. As significant, he registered our nation in the consciousness of the world. He was really the architect of Naga nation. And also like him other leaders, late Imkongmeren former NNC Vice President, Late Zashei Huire, Kedahge, many of Phizo s contemporary leaders and many Naga Valiant voluntary soldiers and national workers from different Regions of Nagaland were staunch supporters of him and have sacrificed their whole lives for our nation. Let this generation of Nagas never forget that it was because of their sacrifices of yesterday that we are, what we are today. Therefore, let us together again prepare to face the challenges ahead with conviction, determination

13 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established and rectitude for our nation. In 1955 his (Phizo) family members were arrested by Indian Armed Forces and put them into Kohima jail, after five months they were all again transferred to Nowgaon Jail in Assam at the completion of 19th months in jail, They were released. Lastly, I on behalf of the Naga National Council and the Federal Government of Nagaland, salute the Father of the Nation, his late Lady wife Jwane Phizo and children, who have endured indignities and sacrifices they have rendered to the nation. I have faith that God alone will lead us towards the destiny of the Naga nation. God bless Nagaland. SINGPHO HKAQ JAWH POI (Sangken: Arunachal Pradesh s Water Festival) by : Bilaseng Namchoom & Nnau Brang Nan Photo : Arif Siddiqui If you happen to be in Arunachal Pradesh on the 13th of April, Stay Indoors. Or step out if you love water. and getting wet! For it s a given that you won t escape the water balloons and buckets of water as the Tai Khamptis, Singphos and Tangsas (Tikhaks) communities celebrate the Sangken, the New Year Water festival. Sangken festival is celebrated with fervor and zeal in the Tai Khamptis, Singphoos and Tangsas (Tikhaks) inhabited districts. It marks the advent of the New Year and is celebrated in April. A festival or gala is an event, usually and ordinarily staged by a local community, which centers on and celebrates some unique aspect of that community or a festival. This three day festival is celebrated with tremendous gusto with people throwing water at each other. Festivals, of many types, serve to meet specific needs, as well as to provide entertainment. These times of celebration offer a sense of belonging to religious, social, or geographical groups. Modern festivals that focus on cultural or ethnic topics seek to inform members of their traditions. Sangken is akin to the festival of Holi and Thailand festival of Songkran. Though it is celebrated all over the Tai Khamptis, Singphoos and Tangsas (Tikhaks) inhabited districts with great enthusiasm, it is in The 13

14 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 Land of the Golden Pagoda Namsai and Chongkham, Empong, Phaneng and Karoni (Assam) that these communities hold the very important ritual of bathing the Buddha and people from all over come to witness this event. The pouring of water is symbolic of the cleansing of the spirit, mind and body. Sangken the New Year Water Festival that usually falls around the month of April (Noun Ha) is the first month of the year. It is a Theravada Buddhist festival celebrated over a period of three days culminating in the New Year. The dates of the festival are observed as the most important public holiday throughout the Tai Khamptis, Singphoos and Tangsas (Tikhak) inhabited districts of Arunachal Pradesh. Water throwing or dousing one another from any shape or form of vessel or device that delivers water is the distinguishing feature of this festival and may be done on all days of the festival. During the festival, statues of Lord Buddha are brought out of the Chong (temple) and placed in a chapel (temporary shrine) in the premises then ceremoniously washed with clean water on all days. Buddhist scriptures (Lik), Peepal tree (toun Puthi) and monks are given a symbolic wash with clean and scented water. Before the festival officially begins, homes are cleaned and sweet aromas fill the air from the preparation of sweets like khau-tek, khaomun sen (fried biscuit), khaomun tong tep (biscuit wrapped in leaf) etc. All preparations like plucking of flowers and procuring of candles and incense sticks for prayer are done well in advance and everyone eagerly awaits the sound of the drum beats and gongs from the temple which herald the beginning of the festival with the removing of the idols from inside the Chong to the chapel in the premises. People stream towards the Chong and offer their prayers and sweets and sprinkle holy water over each of these. Only after this is done are the sweets distributed to different houses and consumed. Every Khampti village has a temple which is the centre of the community s activities and during the Sangken festival, this is where the people of the village go to first, to offer their prayers and for Son- Fra (to pour water over the idols, peepal tree, scriptures etc) to cleanse their soul and pour clean water/holy water over others to enjoy and bond and also as an expression of happiness over the good year gone by. Some places like Empong (Chongkham circle), Phaneng (Piyong circle) and Karuni (Assam) are considered holy places (Ti Met) where people specially go to pray to be blessed with good luck and to have their wishes fulfilled. People go to the temple in the morning and evening during the two-three days of Sangken to offer prayers and for Son-Fra. The reinstalling of the idols inside the temple 14

15 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established at the designated time marks the end of the festival celebrations. With time comes change and changes can be seen even in the celebration of the festivals while adhering to the true spirit of the festival. Change can also be seen in the perception of the reasons for the celebration of the festivals. Earlier it was a religious festival during which the people would go to the village temple to offer their prayers together. Now each and every preparation for and during the celebration has a different significance for different people. On being asked, a sister of mine said that the best part about Sangken was the anticipation of the exact time for the festival to begin and the preparation and distribution of sweets to families/ houses in the village. The distribution of sweets for her meant the sharing of joy and happiness to all and also means a visit to friends and relatives and enjoying the treats they had prepared. Another said that the best part was the sense of calm and quiet that prevails during Sangken with the slowing of the pace of life. Everyone is in a happy mood, smiles are everywhere and fewer vehicles and crowds are seen on the roads. In the morning and evening mothers with enthusiastic children, young girls in groups in traditional attire, old and young men, all holding small buckets and baskets filled with flowers, candles and incense sticks can be seen proceeding towards the Chong. For a friend, going to the temple for prayers and Son-Fra, drenching friends with water and visiting the temples of the holy places is not only a means of enjoying the spirit of celebration and a way of bonding with family and friends, but is also a way of atonement and washing away of sins committed, in the process, cleansing the soul so that the new year can be started with a fresh perspective. Buddhism, for the Tai- Khampti people, is not just a religion but a way of life. Although it is difficult to follow all the teachings of Lord Buddha to the letter in day to day lives, it is done during the festival time. The Five Precepts constitute the basic Buddhist code of ethics, undertaken by lay followers of the Buddha Gautama in the Theravada as well as in Mahayana traditions. The precepts in both traditions are essentially identical and are commitments to abstain from harming living beings, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying and intoxication. Undertaking the five precepts is part of both lay Buddhist initiation and regular lay Buddhist devotional practices. They are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. It is during Sangken (from the time of Long-Fra to Fra- Khun) that all the people maintain and follow the Five Precepts of Buddha during which people maintain a strict abstinence from killing and hurting animals and plants, imbibing in intoxicants and spending money besides trying to stay away from the lure of worldly temptations. So the Sangken is not just a festival to mark the end of the old and the beginning of the New Year, but it is a celebration of the end of old wounds, hurt and bad feelings and the start of friendships, relationships and life anew with a pure mind, heart and soul. The water is supposed to wash away bad luck - so consider yourself blessed if you get drenched! Wishing you all a very happy Sangken Poi. May Lord Buddha bless You. 15

16 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 BUDDHISM SASANA hteq KACHIN HPANSHAN B.D. Maran Kachin hteq Sam gaw nini htephtep ginru ginsa wachyum warum matwa ai. Ndai shara gaw, Hkeh Yunan-Sakhkung mungdaw, Man mungh hteq Galar Northeast ginra ni, rai nga ai. Ningpawt rudiq gaw, lagaga rai shajang nga ai. Ndai hku nga hkrat wa ai ngu ai hpe lamugah shara mying ni, bum mying ni, hkaq mying ni, tsun shaga aga hkoishap lah lang mat wa ai ni... gaw sakse madun ya nga ai ngu yang, n shut nhten! Mabyin masa ginlam ndai hpe dinglik hkachya na matu, Hukawng pa nah ginru ginsa pratpra satlawat la-ngai hpe shawq madiq madun mayu nngai. Hukawng pa layang gah htaq, Jinghpaw ni shanhte du magam hteq shanhte gaiwang shara hku, shanhte jadip jahpang madang masa hku nga nga ai. Jadip jahpang madang satlawat masa hku nga ai htaq, Namyung mabyin hpe John F. Michell ka matsing tawn ai htaq mu lu nga ai. John F. Michell tsun ai htaq, Namyung gaw, anhte lamugah jarit kahtawng rai nga ai; Jinghpaw ni gaw kadai hpe mung, ndai shara htaq lai na ahkaw ahkang n jawq nga ai; Capt. Jenkins wa hpe mung, ndai kahtawng kaw 1869 htaq jahkring pat hkum hkrum nna bai shabawn ninghtang dat kau ai. * 1 Lahtaq nah mabyin masa zawn, Jinghpaw du magam ni nga ginra shara hku nna Tairong (Tarung) amyusha ni, Hukawng pa layang gah kawq nna Assam Brahmaputra valley deq ginru ginsa lai shang wa maq ai. Ndai mabyin masa hpe Capt. P. R. Gurdon wa, the Royal Asiatic Society Journal htaq sanglang bang tawn ai gaw - Ndai Tairong (Tarung) ni, Jinghpaw tsun shaga aga hku hkrai, tsun lang mat wa ai. Laklai nga ai. Matut sanglang tawn ai gaw, Maliq hkaq lahtaq shara deq nna nga hkrat wa ai Tarung ni gaw, shanhte shawng shawng kawq Assam bugah ginra deq ginru ginsa buh htawt shang mat wa ai Nara ni hpang deq, bai hkannang sa wa ai, rai nga ai. Ndai aten htaq, n myit mada ai sha, Jinghpaw ni nga nga ai lamugah ginra hku laidiq ang ra mat ai. Dai shaloi, Jinghpaw ni gaw shanhte ni hpe jahkring tawn kau maq ai. Shanhte ni tsun hkrat wa ai hku nga yang, manga ning ram Jinghpaw ni kata kawq nga rawng mat ai. Raitim, ndai htaq jan hkra, nga kau na maq ai. Shanhte ni nah tsun shaga aga ni hpe malap mali byin mat wa du hkra rai mat nga ai. Jinghpaw tsun shaga aga hpe n dum shami hkaplah lang mat wa ai du hkra rai yang, shaning kaba naq na re. Dainih du hkra, Tarung ni gaw Jinghapw tsun shaga aga hpe chyusha, tsun shaga nga masai. * 2 Tarung ni tsun shaga nga *1 John F.Michell, The North-East Frontier of India : A Topographical, Political and Military Report, 1973 (reprinted), Calcutta, P.126, in which he says, Nam-yung is our frontier village, and the Singhpo will not allow any one to pass beyong it. Capt. Jenkins was stopped at this village in 1869 and ordered to return. *2 The Royal Asiatic Society Journal, Vol. xxvii, 1895, P.157: Strange to say these Tairongs themselves spoke Singhpo, the explanation of this being as follows - the Tairongs, who originally lived somewhere in the direction of the Upper Irrawaddy started for Assam to join some Naras who had preceded them thither. Unfortunatedly for them they had to pass through the Singpho country. As they passed through the country they were taken captives by the Singphoes. They remained as captives for five years according to their own account, but probably for longer as they quite forgot their own language and adopted the language of their captors. It is strange that even to this day Tairongs talk nothing but Singpho. 16

17 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established ai Jinghpaw aga hpe kasi bang dat ai. Dai gaw, gsd. - Hkau, datpung dem yu gaq, loi manisum rai uq ngu ai hpe shanhte Tarung ni gaw, Hkau, photo dawk yu gaq, ninggup hpyiq maluq yu uq, kara zen gaq ngu ai hpe kara katawng gaq daq. Shanhte ni tsun shaga ai hpe Jinghpaw ni chyena ya nga ai. Ndai mabyin masa kata htaq, htunghking lailen, tsun shaga aga n bung hkat ai Jinghpaw shinggyim wuhpawng hteq Sam shinggyim wuhpawng ni kayau kaya rau chyawm nga maq ai. Aten galu htaq Sam nah sali wunli Jinghpaw deq kap, Jinghpaw nah sali-wunli Sam deq kap rai shajang ai hpe, mu lu ai. Lachyum bai htaq gaq ngu yang, Tairong (Tarung) ni Jinghpaw htunglai, tsun shaga aga kap mat wa ai. Tarung ni hpe shachyen shaga dat yang, malawng maga gaw Daifa (Daihpa) ni re lam tsun wa maq ai. Daihpa (Daifa) myinghkawt kap lawm ai hpe sawn dinglik yang, Daihpa hteq Tarung sharara (snr) ginru ginsa hkrunlam htaq matut ginrawn nga hkat ai gaw, danleng nga ai. Jinghpaw ni hpang deq gaw, Buddhist makam masham htunglai kap nang wa ai. Kachin htaq Christian sasana n dushang shi ai ten hkan kawq, Jau hpungkyi, Buddhism htunglai, Buddhism makam masham ni hpe Kachin ni ninghkap mayu ai myit, n raq sharawng ai myit ni n nga nga maq ai. Yesu nah lam, Hkristan makam masham ginlam mung n na yu, n chye nga ai aten rai nga ai. Tsun gaq nga yang, Buddhism sasana hteq Kachin la-pran kawq manghkang n nga nga ai. Jinghpaw myit masa ni htaq pyi, Buddhist myit masa majun (concept) ngam kap lawm hkrat wa ai hpe, mu lu ai. Gashadawn, Hukawng hteq Assam ginra nah ni htaq, shinggyim masha si mat ai hpang, shi sak hkrung aten htaq galaw matwa ai satlawat ntsa kawq hkan nna dusat du-myeng, shinggyim masha (snr) lagyit bai paw ai zawn, la-ngai ngai galai byin shayan nga ai, ngu ai makam majun (concept) ni kap ngam nga ai. Ndai hpe Jinghpaw ni jat galai ngu nga maq ai. Dai sha n-gah, Buddhism nah gasi gahkaw ni Jinghpaw deq lawm rawng wa nga ai. Sanskrit, Pali, Myen hkriqdun gasi gahkaw ni rai shajang nga ai. Dik-kadik nna tsun yang, Christian Jinghpaw Chyum laika ni hkan, mulu nga ai. Gsd. - nammukdara (Sanmudara), sasana, nat, ngarai, manggalar, alu, mandan, gahtar, satan, weni, wut, duqhkaq, likban (nikban), sape (disciple, tabyiq),... ni rai shajang nga ai. Ndai gasi gahkaw ni gaw, Jinghpaw shingjat kata deq, ru jung mat hkrai rai nga ai. Buddha philosophy nkau ni mung, Jinghpaw kraw ni e, galup nga ai. Akyang lailen nkau hkan, maluq mashah ni hkan du hkra, dandawng nga ai. Nini htephtep nga hkrat wa, htingluq htinglai kasawt hkrat wa ai majaw, Jinghpaw mung Sam hteq dinghku rawn, Sam mung Jinghpaw ni hteq dinghku deshah rai ginrawn nga hkrat wa ai mung, lawm ai. Deng-ninghkan, Sam Gam, Sam Chying Gam, Sam Naw, Sam Awn, Sam Laq, Sam Du, Sam Dah, Sam Hpyen, Sam Hkai, Sam Tai... ngu nna nga hkrat, pratpra wa gaq ai. Sam hteq mayaw htinggaw deshah ai hkan, dinghku nah kashu kasha ni gaw Sam ma kaji ni hteq hpungkyi jawng deq ganawng sa lawm ai. Laika sharin ai. Jinghpaw wuhpung e, laika n nga shi ai. Laika sharin jawng n nga ai. Sam wuhpawng e, hpungkyi hpe yu kaba ai. Hpungkyi gaw mandan gahtar lawkleq, tsi ma-wan, laili laika, bedin taq makar hpaji hparat nga ai wa, rai nga ai. Shinggyim wuhpung htaq lam shagu kawq kamhpah hkrum ai wa, rai nga ai. Shinggyim wuhpung 17

18 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 hpe woiawn ai ginra daju re, ngu yang mung n shut nga ai. Hpungkyi jawng lung jang, koyin (novice) rai wa ang ai. Jahtum deq gaw, Buddhist de rai mat wa nga ai. Ndai masa hkrang hku nna mung, Jinghpaw ni Buddhist deq gale mat wa ai. Sam jan tai ai Jinghpaw num ni nah kashu kasha ni gaw, Buddhist deq gale mat ai lawq malawng rai nga ai. Hpakant Dingsi ginra nah Dingsi duwa ni (က စ ဒ ၀ ) Buddhist makam masham hkrang deq gale mat wa ai hpe, bai yu gaq. Dingsi duwa Chyamut Nawng (ပဗၺတရ ဇ ဘ ႕ခ ဖ လ အသ င စ ဘ ၾက ) gaw, Sam num Santhami (စ သ မ ) hpe hkung-ran lah ai. Dingsi ni gaw, Hkatcho hteq Maingtawng Sam Zawbwa kasha ni hpe lah bang tawn maq ai. Dingsi ni gaw natjaw rai nga ai. Dingsi Duwa Chyamut Nawng gaw, kasha Nawng hteq Laq yan hpe ngam kau da nna 1868 AD e, si wai mat wa sai. Kanu gumgai Sam num mung, Dingsi jan tai matwa ai hpang kawq nna gaw Buddhist htunglai makam masham hteq tsan gang mat nga ai. Maduq wa Chyamut Nawng, bai si shakram kau dah nga uq ai. Myit kaji garen nga ai Dingsi duwa jan, Sam num Santhani gaw kasha Dingsi Nawng yan Laq hpe tsun uq ai gaw - Ma yan e, nanhte ninghkau, ningtsa, ningji mayuq ni gaw hpara jawng, hpara hteq nawku dawjau nga maq ai. Nanhte ningwah prat kawq nna yaq du hkra, jawng hpara ngu na mung n nga, hpungkyi jau hpara mung n nga, shata si ten du jang, shata ninghtoi matmat ai hpar, nsin chyip zawn, yaq mung Karai Hpara n nga, jau hpara n nga, sasana ninghtoi n htoi, sasana nsin chyip zawn byin nga ai. Dinghtaq mungkan lahkawng yan htaq mai kaja hpa n mu mat niq nngai. Ngai, sha-ngai chyinghkai kanu mung ugut gu asak kung sai majaw, myit simsaq na matu hpara jawng, jau hpara nga ai ningtsa ningji mayuq ni shara de wa sana niq nngai,* 3 ngu uq ai. Kasha Dingsi duwa yan gaw, kanu gumgai garen gari tsun ai aga hpe n tawt lai lu nga maq ai. Kanu ni gaw kasha ni ntsa htaq shingwang shingkang kalup lu ai. Chyeju maduq rai nga ai. Kasha yan gaw, Kanu gumgai hpe mayuq bugah ginra deq n wa shangun ai sha, Dingsi ginra kawq hpara, hpungkyi jawng galaw shachyawq ya nhtawm, jawngdung jau hpungkyi U Zinaya (U San) hpe shagah woi tawn ya uq ai. Jau hpungkyi U Zinaya gaw Maingtawng hpungkyi jawng nah hpungkyi rai nga ai. Dingsi gumgai Sam num wa mung, hpara, tarah, jau hpungkyi (ဘ ရ တရ သ ယ ) gaiwang deq nawkuq dawjau shang nga mat ai. Ndai kawq nna Dingsi amyu ni Buddhist rai matwa ai. Shanhte Dingsi amyu ni sha, Buddhist gale ai n rai. Dingsi ginra, Dingsi duwa gaiwang kata nah Jinghpaw ni mung, Buddhist deq gale matwa ai. Jinghpaw ma ni mung, hpungkyi jawng htaq laika sharin lung wa ai. Sharin ya ai hpaji ni mung, Buddha Dhama, Dhammathat, Pali, Vinaya, Payeikgyi, Lawkanadi, tsi, bedin ဗ ဒၶဝင (history of the Buddha), ဗ ဒၶဝစန (words uttered by Lord Buddha),... zawn re ni rai nga ai. Buddhist philosophy gaw Natjaw philosophy htaq madang tsaw nga ai. Hukawng pa e Buddhist sasana gaw Jinghpaw ni * 3 OD;an,sbd0HoHZ? yaáw&mzgbgjuch? uhqd;rswfwrf;tx KwfyÜwdÅ? 1969? reå av;?p-48/ 49/ 50/ om;awmfespfyg;wdky igwdky\ trsdk;rdbbdk;bgg; wdkyonfausmif;uefbk&m;? udk;ug,fmunfndkjcif;&dscjhavonf/ oifwdky\ bcrnf;awmfvufxufupí,ckwdkifatmif ausmif;uefbk&m;? &[ef;oh,mr&dsjzpfcjhnyd/ vug,faeya&muf? va&mifaysmufíarsmiftwd a&mufouhjodky?,cktcgvnf;xdkenf;wlpgm bk&m;w&m;? oh,mpaom &wemta&mifxgef; ajymifvif;jcif;r&ds? omoemarsmiftwd&dsaeojzifh? avmuoho&mespfjzmqdk&kd; aumif;usdk;rjrif? arg;rdcifrsmz&mbdpd;? ausmif;uefbk&m;?oh,mrsm;&ds&mae&if; XgeodkY jyefygrnf/ 18

19 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established kawq e, lahtaq nah mabyin masa satlawat kata htaq, ginchya ginrang kap shang wa ai, rai nga ai. India Singpho deq shang wa ai Buddhism sasana mung, Hukawng Jinghpaw ni kawq nna bai rai nga ai. India nah Buddhism sasana raitim, Indian Galar masha ni hku nna n rai nga ai. Singhpo ni yawng ngu na ram, Buddhist hkrai rai nga maq ai. Singhpo ni Buddhism makam masham hpe hkap lu lah ai, kamsham hpang wa ai aten gaw 19th century AD htum wa deq, rai nga ai hpe tsun madiq tawn nga ai.* 4 Hukawng pa kawq nna Jinghpaw Buddhist Jau hpungkyi Dinglar Chaoto (Tingla Chrato, Chaodoo, Dinglar Zau Tu) hku nna Buddhism sasana hpe India Singpho ni hpang deq, ningshawng woi bang wa ai, rai nga ai. Tsun gaq nga yang, Singhpo ni nah Buddhist sasana ningpawt gaw Hukawng Zau Tu rai nga ai. Assam ginra kawq nah Singhpo ni Buddhist deq n gale shi yang, Hukawng ginra pa nah Jinghpaw nkau ni Buddhist deq gale ngut masai. Hpungkyi Jau Dinglar Zau Tu gaw ask kaba ugut gu ai shaloi sheq, Hukawng pa kawq nna Assam pa deq sa ai, rai nga ai. Asak gawngkung mat sai majaw, lam la-pran hkan shi hpe baq hpai sa wa maq ai, rai nga ai. Jau Dinglar Zau Tu, shi hkum nan mung, hkrunlam htaq hkrum mahkrum masha ni yawng hpe Buddha na matsun maroi makam masham htung tarah lailen ni hpe tsun hkaw dan mat wa ai. Assam hkran deq rap sa ai ngu ai gaw Buddha Ghaya* 5 de hpara nawkuq buhkawm (pilgrim) sa wa ai, rai nga ai. Assam du ai shaloi, Jau Dinglar Zau Tu gaw Singhpo ni nga ai mare kahtawng shagu deq du shang nna Kamrup deq bai lai sa mat wa ai. Ndai aten htaq Assam kawq British ni shang nga sai aten rai nga ai. Kamrup kawq nna Gauhati, Gauhati kawq nna Buddha Ghaya deq matut rawt mat wa ai. Kachin htaq Buddha Ghaya gah deq ningshawng du ai wa, rai nga ai. Lord Buddha asak hkrung ai aten nga kau tawn ai labau shang ginra shara shagu deq, hkawm du kau dah nhtawm, Assam deq bai ninghtang wa ai. Hpang jahtum, Assam ginra Margherita kawq nah Phakial kahtawng htaq wa hkring nga mat ai. Ndai shara e, Jau Dinglar Zau Tu gaw Buddha hpungkyi jawng la-ngai gawgap nna Buddhist sasana magam bungli hpang wa wuq ai. Hpungkyi jawng hpe dainih du hkra, Samuk Sing ngu nga maq ai. Hpara gawkngu mung, gawgap tawn nga ai. Singhpo ni nah ningshawng labau shang Singhpo hpungkyi jawng la-ngai mung, rai nga sai. Buddhist sasana hpe Duanias ni hpang deq shawng, shawnbang dat uq ai. Singhpo tsun shaga aga lang ai Duanias ni gaw, Singhpo hteq Assam Mungnum mayam num ni kawq nna kahtap pawpru wa ai Singhpo amyu rai nga ai.* 6 Duanias ni hpang e gaw, Singhpo ni hpang deq bai Buddhism sasana kahtap * 4 S.Dutta Choudhury, Arunachal Pradesh District Gazetteer Tirap District, Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh, Shillong, 1980, P Parul Dutta (Director of Research), The Singphos, Itanagar, 1990, P-107. * 5 Buddha Ghaya is located in Magadha (rm*'), Bihar state of India. At here, Gautama, the Buddha was perfected under the ficus religiosa (anmifak' [? anmifaam'd the banyan tree). * 6 Maran Brang Di, Prat Ningnan Wunpawng Ahtik Labau Kadun, (Manuscript), 1996, New Dilhi, P E.T.Dalton, Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal, Calcutta, 1872, P

20 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 chyambra, hkapla kamsham mat wa maq ai. Jau Dinglar Zau Tu wa mung, Singhpo kahtawng shagu hpungkyi jawng galaw shachyawq na hteq hpungkyi jawng shagu htaq jawngdung jau hpungkyi tawn na matu hkrang shawq, woi galaw hpang wa ai. Singhpo dum ntah shagu htaq nawkuq jawqjau Buddha hpara pinra tawn masat maq ai. Singhpo ni nah Buddhism makam masham gaw, kri jung nna ngangngang kangkang kamsham myit jung taw sai makam masham madung rai nga ai. Tsun mayu ai gaw, masha ni Buddhist rai nna Buddhist byin wa ai hkrang hpan, n rai nga ai. Nalanda dakkasu, Sri Lanka dakkasu, Delhi dakkasu,... ni hkan mung, Singhpo ni Buddhist Dept e Buddhism, Pali ni hpaji ni sharin hkachya ai mung, nga nga sai. 20th century AD htaq, Hukawng pa ginra kawq, Jinghpaw ni la-pran htaq Buddhist sasana magam bungli hpe woi gunhpai matwa ai wa gaw, Tawngdan Sayadaw U Pa-nya-zaw-da ngu ai Jau Urang Gam rai nga ai. Jau Urang Gam gaw, Hukawng pa nah Buddhist Jinghpaw hteq Sam ni hpe lamwoi ningshawng galaw ya lu ai wa mung, rai nga ai. Laga ngam ai Jinghpaw Buddha community nah Jau A. Pannasara Ura Singpho Ura Jau gaw, tsun shaga aga hpan 19 hpe tsun shaga lu nna laika hpan 12 hpe chye htih, chye ka uq ai. Shi gaw, Singpho Dictionary (English, Jinghpaw, Assamese, Singpho, Hindi) hpe ka shaprawq tawn ai wa mung, re. All India Radio nah Sinhalese Dept. e, Sinhalese ga gale mung, gunhpai wa nuq ai, re. Shanglawt hpyenlar magam gun galaw na nga nna KIO Ningbaw Kaba Maran Brang Seng hpe New Delhi e, tsun yu sai wa re. New Delhi, India. Saiko Singpho Jau (Ven. Narinda Bhikkhu) (Singpho amyusha htunghking hteq laili laika lamwoi ningshawng Jau) Maio, Arunachal Pradesh, India Jinghpaw hpungkyi jau ni gaw, Ven. Galang Ja Gun, Ven. Sam Dang La, Ven. Nsa Du Naw, Ven. Ndau Gam,... ni rai nga maq ai. Ven. Urang Gam Jr. gaw, Danai Hpungkyi jawng htaq rai nhtawm, Ven. Urang Laq gaw Tarung Hpungkyi jawng dung rai nga maq ai. 1950s htaq Ven. Njoi Gam gaw Buddha makam masham hteq kapyawn nna Alawng Sagya hpungwoi hpawq ai ninghkan, Hukawng pa htaq Buddha sasana grau chyamshang matwa ai sha n-ga, India Singhpo ginra du hkra, matut sasana hpungjat galaw awngdang matwa ai. Danai mare kaang nah Jinghpaw hpungkyi jawng kaba hpe 1932 ning htaq, Ven. Urang Gam Sr. wa woi galaw hpang ai, rai nga ai. Ndai hpe 1961 ning htaq, hpungkyi kaba Badanda Turiya (အဂ မဟ သဒၶမ ဇတ က) bai du wa nna sha-ngut shakreq lah lu ai, rai nga ai

21 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established Singpho Community, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India AD htaq, Hukawng pa ginra grup-yin htaq Jinghpaw Buddhist ntah htinggaw 100 (+) nga nga sai. Kachin makam masham gamung htaq, Zau Tu lahkawng nga nga ai. Langai gaw Sinlum - Zau Tu rai nhtawm, Kachin Christian ningpawt hpang wa ai daw htaq nah hpungup kaba rai nga ai. Ngam ai laga la-ngai gaw, Hukawng - Zau Tu rai nhtawm, Kachin Buddhist ningpawt hpang wa ai jau kaba langai rai nga ai hpe, mu lu ai. Shanlahkawng yan gaw, tinang kamsham ai hpe majen je sharawt matwa ai yan mung, rai nga maq ai. Lama-wa, Kachin ginra htaq aten dep Chirstian sasana n du shang wa ai rai gaw, Kachin makam masham mung, Singhpo ni zawn Buddhist de malawng yawng matwa na satlawat nga wa sai. Ndai gaw, aten galu htaq shinggyim masha pratpra masa htaq hkan nna byin chye matwa ai hkrang satlawat la-ngai rai nga ai. Bibliography - John F. Michell, The North-East Frontier of India : A Topographical, Political and Military Report, 1973 reprinted, Calcutta. - The Royal Asiatic Society Journal, Vol. xxviii, OD;an,sbd0Ho"Z yaáw&mzgbjguch? uhqd;rswfwrf; txkwfywd? 1969? re åav;/ - S. Dutta Choudhury, Arunachal Pradesh District Gazetteer Tirap District, Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh, 1980, Shillang. Jauhtawk (novice) yan hteq sangken ginsup ai Singpho ni - Parul Dutta, The Singpho, 1990, Itanagar. - Maran Brang Di, Prat Ningnan Wunpawng Ahtik Labau Kadun, (Manuscript), 1991, New Delhi. - E.T. Dalton, Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal, 1872, Calcutta. 21

22 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 Kachin Communities Worldwide Demand United Nations Security Council Urgently Refers Burma To International Criminal Court Burma military The broke the ceasefire with the Kachin Independence Organization in Since then, residents of the Kachin region have endured various forms of human rights violation as well as denial of humanitarian assistance by Burmese military. Their daily lives have also become dictated by the ebb and flow of armed conflict in their area. Recent developments in the Burma Burma Army military campaign in the Kachin region have forced thousands of civilians to flee their villages and many are currently trapped in conflict areas. Our people have been subject to numerous violation of international law, including executions, torture, forced displacement, forced labour, rape and other forms of sexual violence, confiscation of property, arbitrary arrest and detention, and denial of humanitarian assistance. These types of human rights violations are not new to the Kachin people Nnau Brang Nan (23nd April, 2018) Innau Gah, AP, India or to other ethnic groups in Burma. The Burma military has used these tactics to instill fear and control in their attempts to destroy our ethnic identity, destroy our religion, colonies our lands, and steal out natural resources. Despite their obligations, the international community, including members of the United Nations Security Council, have failed in their duty to uphold international law. As a result, calculating that the international community is too weak to enforce the law and hold them to account for their crimes, the Burma military is escalating attacks against ethnic groups in the country, including in Rakhine State, Kachin State, Shan State, and most recently breaking the ceasefire in Karen State. In recent weeks the Burma military has killed three Kachin civilians and one Karen environmental community worker. On April 11th. Npawp Naw Ring (aged 22) was killed by a 105 mm howitzer fired by Burma Army s Danai - based Regional Operations Command at Awng Lawt village in Danai township. On April 11th. Shan Naw San, a seasonal banana plantation worker from Laiza, was hit and killed by an artillery shell from 23 rounds of heavy artillery fired by BA forces stationed at Hka Ya Bum and Bum Re Bum toward Lang Ta Bum where KIA Battalions 23 & 40 are stationed. On 14th. April the military fired heavy artillery at Dumbung village and killed U Kyaw Myint Oo. These are war crimes, but not one country has condemned these killings and promised to take action in response. Residents of the Lai Nawng Hku are now in Man Wai, they are under constantly surveillance of Burma Army and are restricted from further movement. Pajau villagers have fled to the Chinese boarder, and Kasung villagers to Namti due to intensified fighting, over 22

23 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established past weeks. During last week, over 2,000 villages from Awng Lawt, Sut Ra, and Sut Ring Yang fled their villages to escape incessant artillery fire from the Burma Army. Now, at least 1,200 are trapped in the jungle. We do not expect the condition of these civilians to improve anytime soon, as local sources report of continuous arrival of Burma Army infantry troops to the Kachin region. Kachin community and religious leaders have appealed to the authorities for permission to evacuate the trapped civilians to safety. However, they have not been successful in their appeal. It is also important to note that even when this specific episode of humanitarian crisis subsides, another one will arise because the armed conflict is ongoing. As the Burmese military s culture of impunity remains unchecked, Burmese government is unable to exercise rule of law or capacity to protect life of its citizens. We are once again appealing to the international community to hold perpetrators of war crimes and crime against humanity held to account before current conflict spills over to bordering regions. The United Nations should move ahead with the appointment of the Special Envoy to Burma and immediately dispatch the envoy to Kachin areas and negotiate free movements and humanitarian access. We would like to see China, India, United States, and ASEAN serve as mediator to seek sustainable resolution to prolonged civil war in Kachin region. This agreement should be upheld by an international or regional peacekeeping mission to Kachin Region to enforce repositioning of troops and protect security of civilian populations. There is no shortage of evidence of violations of international law committed by the Burma military. The United Nations has been documenting these crimes for decades. A detailed assessment in 2016 stated that what may amount to war crimes were being committed in Kachin State and Shan State. The United Nations has also stated that human rights violations in northern Rakhine State may constitute crimes against humanity and even amount to elements of genocide. At the same time the government and military in Burma continue to commit human rights violations of international law taking place within Burma, and the international community should not hide behind more false investigations announced by the government of Burma as an excuse not to uphold their responsibilities. Members of the United Nations Security Council must support a resolution referring Burma to the International Criminal Court. UN Security Council members which fail to support a referral to the Internal Criminal Court are not making a neutral decision or simply failing to act. They are making an active decision to allow the Burma military to keep killing ethnic civilians. We are only asking United Nations Security Council members to do their job. To uphold their responsibilities. Ending the Burma military s sense of impunity will have an immediate impact in reducing human rights violations, and holding them to account for their crimes is essential if Burma is ever to be a country with peace, security, genuine democracy and where human rights and ethnic diversity are respected. 23

24 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 The signatory organizations: 1. Kachin Women Union KWU 2. Kachin Women Association Japan 3. Kachin Women Association Burma 4. Pyoe Development Organization 5. Kachin Association Norway 6. Kachin Nation Organization 7. Kachin Community UK (KCUK) 8. Wunpawng Ninghtoi 9. Kachin Peace Network 10. Kachin Alliance 11. Kachin Community New Zealand 12. Kachin Community Sweden 13. Kachin Community Germany 14. Kachin Community Czech Republic 15. Kachin Community Netherlands Humanity Institute (HI) 17. Shingnip Kachin Legal Aid Network 18. All Kachin Youth Union (AKYU) 19. Kachin Refugee Committee, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 20. Kachin Development Networking Group KDNG 21. Htoi Gender and Development Foundation 22. Kachin State Women Network KSWN 23. Kachin National Organization Japan 24. Kachin National Organization (Denmark) 25. Kachin Women s Association of Thailand KWAT 26. Kachin Canadian Association Canada 27. Singpho Youth Organization, Arunachal Pradesh, India 28. The Kachin Relief Fund (UK charity) 29. Community Health And Development (CHAD) Burma 30. Kachin National Social Development Foundation 31. Kachin Litrature and Culture (JLH) Singapore Cartoon 32. Kachin Association of Australia (KAA NSW) Media contaet: Mr. Mungdan, mangoesdam@gmail.com Phone Ms. Khonja, khonja2014@gmail.com, Phone Mrs. Moon Nay Li, kwat.sccretariat@gmail. com, Phone Mr. Hkanhpa Sadan, gumsan@kachinalliance. org, Phone Mr. Nsang Gum San, gumsan@kachinalliance. org, Phone

25 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established Mungkan Gatlawk Lapran na N Law Amyu ni a Ga/Laika Maraw Naw San LL.B (Myitkyina University) M. Div (Myanmar Institute of Theology), M.A (English language Teaching; Assumption University of Thailand) Gahpaw UK mungdan kaw na dakkasu langai hta, ga hpungtang hpaji ninghkring (linguists) ni zuphpawng nga ma ai. Shahte shaga garu nga ai lam gaw lata latup mi ram re masha ni a amyu ga hpe sharawt na ging nga nni? nga gasan hpe htailai nga ma ai. Teng nga yang, mungkan hta jailang nga ai amyu ga/laika hpan hking kru (6000) jan nga ai. Raitim, shoihpa hkrum nga ai amyu ga ni hpe makawp maga ai wuhpung kaw na ndau da ai hte maren, n law htum amyu ga 500 hte 1000 hpe lata latup mi ram re amyu bawsang ni sha jailang nga masai, nga ai. Shaning shagu amyu ga/laika hpan 25 daram gaw htum mat nga ai hpe mung, shadum nga ai. Tsun mayu ai gaw, shi ning laman hta amyu ga/laika hpan 250 ram gaw, htum mat magang nga ai hpe myit n pyaw let, yu shalai ra nga ai. Myit mada lam Ndai zawn re satlawat kaw na lawt lu na matu, mungkan ting na hpaji munu 100 ram gaw Ireland, Miwa, Australia hte Spain mungdan ni kaw na n law amyu ni a ga/laika htunghking sharawt sa wa lu na matu, Wales sinna daw Carmarthen zuphpawng hta hkrumzup bawngban lai wa sai. Tsun mayu ai gaw, mungdan kaba kaw na n law amyu ni gaw dai mungdan kaba ni a lakawn ai hpe hkam la lu nga ma ai. Sut hpaga lam hta n-gun n nga ai mungdan ni kaw na n law amyu ni a ga/laika gaw masa lam amyu myu hte htum mat magang ra nga ai. Grau nna shada sharin ginlen da ai lam n nga ai majaw, dai amyu ga/laika hpe manoi ai ni si htum ai hpang, shanhte hte rau amyu ga/laika mung htum lawm mat nga ai. Daini na aten hta, Wunpawng ga/laika hpe jailang ai marai kade rai nga ai kun? jahpan tuphkrak n lu tsun nga ai. Masha jahpan lu tim, dai ni gaw tinang amyu ga/laika hpe teng jailang nga ai ni re ngu mung, n lu tsun ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, Wunpawng rai nga len, Wunpawng n tai shakut ai sha n-ga, tinang hte grau ai ngu hkam la da ai maigan ni hpang hkan nang, nga shakut ai ni mung law la nga ai. Dai majaw, masha law nna poi n byin ai satlawat zawn rai wa nga ai. Ndai zawn re masa hta, tinang ga/ laika hpe ningja sharawt na matu mai kaja ai bungli ni hpe amyusha hpaji masa hta tatut hkrang shapraw sa wa ra saga ai. EU ngu ai Yurop Gumhpawn rapdaw kaw na gaw tinang a shangwang kata na n law amyu ni a ga/ laika n htum n mat grin nga na matu, ladat shaw makawp maga ai masing ni nga ai. Dai hte maren, shanglawm ai mungdan shagu mung myithkrum ai lam ta masat mahkret nna shoihpa hkrum nga ai amyu ga/laika ni hpe ningja sharawt ai lam hta Euros gumhpaw Sen Wan 2.7 didun ya ai lam nga ai. Ndai zawn re kaba la ai garum shingtau lam tianang mungdu uphkang salang ni n lu galaw ya tim, htunghking sharawt ai poi lamang ni hta gaw dangdi ai ram didun lawm mai nga ai. Dai hte maren, seng ang ai mungdaw/mungdan rapdaw de mungmasa hkringmang ni shawa a nsen tai ra nga 25

26 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 ai. Dai sha n-ga, tinang mung hta na mungshawa jawng ni hta tinang ga/ laika tara shang sharin lu na matu (snr) tinang amyu htunghking the, ga/laika hpe sharawt ai laika matsun ni hte hpaji ginlen lu na matu mung rapdaw hta tang madun tsun garu let, tara upadi hkrang shapraw ra nga ai. Grau nna, n law amyu ni a ga/laika, htunghking ni hpe makawp maga ya lu ai masa ni hpe mung ningpawt tara tawn lu na matu shawa ni mung nsen shapraw mai nga ai. Gahpundim hta, tinang a amyu ga/ laika nga ninglen, kadai mung tsun shaga ka lang ai n nga yang gaw, dai amyu ga/laika hpe jasi ngu masat ma ai. Tinang amyu ga/laika ahkrung nga lu na matu gaw, yawng dai amyu ga hpe sha shaga ra ai ngu matsun ai hte sha gaw n mai nga ai. Grau mai kaja ai lam gaw, mungkan pinra hta amyu kaba ni lapran asak hkrung lu na matu shada tinang ga/ laika hpe jailang let mungkan gatlawk ga hpe mung jailang ra nga ai. Tsun mayu ai gaw, tinang amyusha ga hpe mung shalat, mungkan gatlawk ga hpe mung n tat ai masa rai ra nga ai. Ndai masa gaw tinang ga/laika n htum n mat hkra, n-gun dat ai lam rai nga ai. Dai majaw, daini na shinggyim masha ni gaw tinang ga/laika sha n-ga, n law htum ga hpan 2 chye ra nga sai rai. Shamyet ai laika ni: - BBC News. (2010). Are dying languages worth saving? From Foley, J.A. (2016). Multilingualism: the Cooperative and Territorial Imperatives, Lectured at Class of Language Acquisitions, Assumption University of Thailand (accessed on August 10). HTENZA MAGANG HKYEN SAI ANHTE A MUNGDAN NDAI Hpauyam Kaw Nan (Mung shawa Tsi Jawng, Laiza) Karai Wa jaw ya ai, Nye a mungdan ndai. Shingteng amying Wunpawng Mungdan, Karai jaw ai Wunpawng Hka Nan. Jiwa ni du daw sai hkaw, Nga mu nga mai lam sak jaw. Chyanun prat kaw na, Daini ten du hkra. Maden zinghka, Madu da ya. Bumtsaw marawn lai, Hkashi hkanu hkrai. Utu chyangngau ni garu, Brang ram ma ni hpe jasu. Katsi bungshi ni ahpawt, Hpun kawa ni manawt. Nhprang sut rai hpring, Ga sau namhpun ing. Namsi namsaw sawng, Dwi sau namchyim rawng. Nsi naisi hpring, Chyahkyi shannga hpring. Pu sawm nampan ni pu, Tsi hkrung tsinan aru ru. Shing-ra makau grup-yin, Mungdan sut rai ginhtin. Du hkra ladaw grai kaja, Hkai lu hkai sha hpaga ga. 26

27 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established Hkaraw nhkap shagu, Chyurum sha ni machyu. Majoi shing-ra bum, Myusha ni a dawhpum. Amyu lakung shagu, Chyu langai hta chyuq ai chyu. Htunghking lailen masa, Myu myit shangang ya. Manau nau ai amyu, Mungkan e danhkung lu. Jiwa makam hpe shachyaw, Jiwoi hkringhtawng hpe dagraw. Maigan sasana sara du, Karai makam hpe lu. Kaga myu ni marit, Anhte mungdan de htit. Maigan wa shang bang, Prat dep jak rai lang. Maigan wa gaw shawnglam, Madu ni gaw mayam. Nam maling sharawq hkru, Nam nga dusat hkrap garu. Hpun kawa yawng krin mat, Ana ahkya she law jat. Ga sau namhpun ni tawq, Makau grup-yin hkun hkrawq. U numji ni hkringsa shara, Yawn madai let tam hkawm nga. Ya daini yawng htenza, Anhte a htingbut hting-ra. Bai gram sharai na matu, Nang ngai myit dum ra sai lu. Bai tsit tsawm wa hkra, Ya jang nut ra nga sahka! HTI YU NNA SUMRU CHYAI, MUNG MASA N-GUN TAI Maru Brang Kum (Jeyang IDPs Camp) 1. Chye masu ai wa masu yang gaw, masu na re ngu myit hta dum tim kam kau ya, hpang na lang bai masu tim dum ninglen kam kau ya ai. Masum lang ngu na bai masu yang naw kam ya jang gaw, masu ai wa a mara n rai sai, kam ya ai wa a mara she rai sai. 2. Dusat hpe jahkrit yang gaw, kade lang jahkrit tim hkrit ya chye nga ai. Shinggyim masha hpe jahkrit yang gaw lahkawng masum lang hkrit ya jin jang, maren shinggyim masha re majaw shi bai hkrit mat hkra nhtang galaw chye ai. 3. Majan ngu ai gaw, manang wa a lamuga mungdan kashun ai majan re majaw, mungdan madu rai teng ai wa asum sha n jaw kau yang gaw shaning latsa ning n-ga majan mai byin taw nga ai. 4. Myen mung labau hta mu lu ai Pyu, Kan-yan, Tet (ပ ကမ ရ သက ) ngu ai amyusha ni gaw, majan n gasat ai sha, mat mat ai amyu tai mat nga ai. 5. Jinghpaw Kachin ni a numjaw numla ai kaw hpuja hpyi, hpuja dawn hkat ai, hkaujaw hkauya ai htunghking gaw, amyu mat mat mai ai htunghking nan rai nga ai. 6. Ndai zawn re numjaw hpu hpyi, sharu shayak hkaujaw hkauya htunghking hpe mat n mai nga nna manat tik tik re ai ni gaw Karai mungga n shang ai myidi nahpang, amyusha rawt galu kaba lam pat ai ni rai nga ai. 7. Amyu langai mi a mat mat wa mai ai lam the galu kaba wa mai ai lam a npawt gaw, dai amyu ni a htunghking hta madung nga ai. 8. Kachin ni mungdan bai lu madu na ngu ai gaw, Myen hpyen wa pyi madung n re, lamuga mungdan hpe hpanda ai Karai wa hta she, madung rai nga ai. 9. Wunpawng mungdan gaw, Wunpawng myusha ni a mungdan majing raitim, sa kashun ai mungdan damya wa hpe asum jaw laknak 27

28 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 jahkrat mat yang, anhte mahtang n tara ai amyu ni tai mat na rai nga ai. 10. N-gun grau ja ai wa dang ai majan gaw n tara ai majan ngu lu ai. N-gun grau kya ai wa dang ai majan gaw, tara ai majan ngu lu ai. 11. Wunpawng Kachin ni the lakung sanit the, myit hkrum mang rum ngang ngang the mungdan majan gasat ai rai yang, Myen taihpyen wa hpe anhte dang na rai nga ai. 12. Myen taihpyen wa anhte hpe shagri brep mat hkra roirip zingri ai kaw, hkrit nan shagri brep nan mat ai rai yang, anhte gaw mungdan madu Karai wa a man e kang n ka, sadi n dung ai ni tai mat ai. 13. Myen hpyen wa anhte hpe kaya n chye gumroi gumrip majan hpaw gasat taw nga ai ngu ai lachyum gaw, ndai amyu ni myit n hkrum nga ma ai ngu yu kaji ai lachyum sha rai nga ai. 14. Simsa lam ta-masat mahkret ai ngu ai gaw, kam ging ai ni a man e hkamdahka lam n nga ai kaw ta-masat mahkret kau yang gaw, amyusha ni a du hta, sumri gyit nna, sharaw kaba n-gup de dun karawt bang kau ai sha, tai mat na rai nga ai. 15. Daini na Ramma nkau mi Wunpawng Htunghking buhpun lam, madum sumhpa lam the moi na tinang amyu yu-ngwi manawng majing laka, jaiwa, shangawn, oiye manawng nsen ni hpe n kam mahkawn, n kam hkaja, kawng n nawn mat ai hpe yu yang amyu woi shamat mayu ai ni gaw dai ni nan rai nga ai. 16. Laika ka sara langai mi si mat wa ai gaw amyusha ting a sum machyi kaba rai nga ai. 17. Tinang kam ai makam masham lam hta ngangkang ai wa n rai yang, Ningbaw Ningla tai wa timung, ngangkang ai Ningbaw Ningla n tai lu ma ai. 18. August 30 ya na, FM shiga hta anhte yawng hkungga ging ai Wa Sarabyin Franciss Myen mung de sa du na matu, Shadip Magam kawn saw shaga dat ai hpe, November hta sa du na lam hpe na lu ai majaw grai kabu nga ga ai. MANU DAN AI SHINGGYIN MASHA TAI RA SAI Shagawng Brang M ungkan pinra hta nga pra shajang ai shinggyim masha hkum shagu gaw, shi manu hte shi nga ai hkrai re. Shinggyim masha yawng gaw, kadai mung kadai shi aten du jang si wai mat wa na hkrai re. N nga mat sai KIO Tingnyamng Up Maran Branng Seng tsun da ai ga hta, masha gaw si na hkrai re; nkau mi a si ai namnak gaw bum kaba ram rai nna, nkau mi a si ai namnak gaw, U Mun ram tsang nga ai ngu ai re. Wunpawng ga hku masha langai si ai shaloi, si sum ai ngu rai nga ai. Myen ga hku ( သဆ ခင ) ngu nna sum ai manu (Dead value) kade ram rai ai gaw, tinang hkawm sa shamu shamawt ai hta she, hkan sai. Shinggyim masha kadai raitim tinang dinghkrai a nga pyaw lam tang pyaw sha tam ai wa (Gsd Ka-ni ya zawn re) gaw, 28

29 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established shi si yang kadai wa yawn na rai. Kundinghku langai a matu sha tinang gaw, nga mu nga mai lam galaw nna sak hkrung ai shaloi, tinang si yang dai dinghku masha ni sha yawn na re. Dai hte maren, mare kahtawng langai a matu tinang mai kaja ai amu galaw ai rai yang, tinang si yang mare ting jawm yawn na, mungdan ting a matu tinang mai kaja ai amu bungli galaw shakut ai rai yang, tinang si yang mungdan ting a jawm yawn na rai nga ai. Dai hku nna si ai a manu gaw tinang galaw hkawm sa ai magam bungli hta hkan nna tsaw mat wa na re. Jau si ai, hpanghkrat si ai, hpaji chye ai, n chye ai gaw ahkyak n re. Gara hku lachyum nga nga sak hkrung nga pra lai mat wa ai gaw shinggyim masha a manu rai nga ai. Masha nkau mi shawa a matu, mungdan a matu nga nna shakut ma ai. Raitim hpang jahtum tinang a jinghku jing-yu hte dinghku masha ni a matu sha, rai mat wa ai ni mung nga ma ai. Tsun mayu ai gaw magam bungli galaw let, gau ngwi masha a manu yawm mat wa ai hpe mu lu ai. Yesu Christu mung, mungkan dinghta ga e sa nga ai ten ladaw laman shinggyim masha ni a matu, manu dawdan n lu na daram mai kaja ai amu ni hpe galaw wu ai. Yesu Christu gaw shi nni nhkri si hkrum wa na hpe tau chye nga ninglen shinggyim masha hpe hkyela ai amu galaw lai wa sai. Dai majaw, shi si mat wa ai a manu gaw hpa hte mung, shingdaw n lu nga ai. American Mungdan hta shanchyang amyu (Negro) ni hpe shanhpraw amyu ni lachyen lahka, dip da hkrum ai kaw na woi shalawt ai ningbaw Martin Luhter King, Jr wa mung, shi hpe shanhpraw ni gyam sat wa ai lam ni nga tim, shi asak hpe hpa zawn n nawn ai shakut lai wa sai. Shi woi shakut ai a marang shanchyang amyu (Negro) ni lam shagu dip da ai kaw na lawt lu masai. Mertin gaw 1968 ning hta gyam sat ai hkrum sai. Raitim shi si ai namnak gaw tsaw ai majaw, ya daini American Mungdan hta shi hte seng ai madun gawk ni nga ai ning hta shi hpe shagrau ai hku nna Shadip Magam Rapdaw pat nhtoi hpe Upadi hte tara shang masat da masai. Dai hte maren, Myen amyu ni a ningbaw Bugyuk Aung San wa si mat ai gaw shanhte a matu, sum kaba nan rai nga malu ai. Aung San wa mung shi a sak hkrung ai ten ladaw kadun tim, shanhte Myen amyu ni a matu mai kaja ai amu law law galaw lai wa sai majaw, shi hte seng ai htingnu ni, masat dingsat shara ni law law nga nga ai. Dai zawn sha, kaga mungdan hkan na mungdan a ningbaw ningla ni kasi yu la hpa law law nga na re. Shinggyim masha gaw tinang a labau tinang nan ka ai re majaw, tinang sak hkrung nga pra ai ten ladaw hta shawa a matu mai kaja ai amu bungli kade daram galaw ai hta hkan nna she, tinang manu dan ai n dan ai gaw mahtai pru na re. Daini mungkan hta manu dan ai, manu dan lai wa sai ni a lam hpe maram yu yang shanhte gaw shingyim masha shada hpe dawjau ai, shinggyim masha shada hkye shalawt ai amu hpe galaw ai ni hkrai re. Dai zawn re tinang a asak, nga mu nga mai lam ni hpe tawn kau nna, shawa a matu mai kaja ai amu bungli shakut ai ni chyu sha, manu dan ai shinggyim masha byin tai wa nga ai. Manu dan ai masha gaw, masha she si mat tim, mying gaw n si ai sha danhkung taw nga ai. Daini anhte Wunpawng amyusha ni hta manu dan ai masha law law wa ra kadawn nga ga ai. Dai zawn re manu dan ai masha hkumding dek n tai lu tim, shinggyim wuhpung wuhpawng hta manu dan ai masha law law wa rai yang, lam shagu hta rawt jat, galu kaba nna anhte a sak hkrung lam a matu, shimlum ai hte hpring tsup wa na ga ai law. 29

30 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 GAWLA UK LAUBAN DA BA SAH (Arabian Maumwi) Latau Seng Awng (Jeyang IDPs Camp) Shatkan kawsi magang, bawnu grau sumru magang, mumu maimai lusha ni a bat sama grau marawp hkrup lu magang rai nga ai. Dai zawn sha, Ta Hket sumru nga nu ai ai. Azuya a kasha, Ta Hket. Ta Hket grau kawsi nga nu ai. Shi lusha n mu sha ai lahkawng ya rai sai. Mi shawng e nta langai mi a wang kata na Maihpang si lahkawng lagu di sha ai hta lai, hpa mung n mu sha shi nga nu ai. Dai hpang, langai bai di na ngu yang, nta madu jan mu nna matsa dat ai majaw, hprawng mat wa nga nu ai. Dai num jan lam de pru nna marawn jahtau ai nsen Ta Hket gat de du hkra, na kaw na n pru hkraw nga nu ai. Kaja wa nga yang, Ta Hket marawn matsa ai hkrup sha ai majaw sha, gat dut num ni a ka na namsi ni n shaw sha hkrup ai rai nga ai. Ya gaw shi gat kaw du taw nga sai. Shatkan mung, ahkyu nga ngoi nga ai. Gat kata e shi hte chye hkat ai ni nga na kun? Sumru let gahkrang hkawm nga nu ai. Gumhpraw pye mi hkoi na masha mu yang gaw, ngu myit nga nu ai. Gumhpraw she lawm yang gaw myit n kaji dik ai seng madu pyi mani sum rai hkaptau na re ai hpe chye nga nu ai. Dai zawn, sumru let gahkrang hkawm nga yang, grai n kam hkrum ai masha langai hte man hkrum katut dat nu ai. Gawla Uk lauban Da Ba Sah galu kaba re ai wa rai nga ai. Ta Hket gumhpraw hkoi lang ai lawlaw hta na Da Ba Sah gaw n hkru dik. Ta Hket gumhpraw hkoi la nna tsun da ai hte maren n jaw ai majaw, Da Ba Sah gaw tsun jaw, ngu jaw, matsut jaw dik wa rai nga ai. Da Ba Sah gaw Ta hket hpe mu dat ai hte rau, ha ha ha Ta Hket wa i! ngai tam nga ai salang wa she, rai nga ai. Lai wa sai shata hta ja denggah (1), de a shawng e gumhpraw denggah (2) hkoi mat wa, ai wa daini chyawm gaw lu la na rai sa. Gara hku ta? Manang wa gara hku law. Ta Hket grai gaya ai majaw, myiman hkyeng nga nu ai. Hpa mung n chye tsun mat wa ai. Grau nna gaw kawsi dik rai nga ai ten ga tsun chye dik ai Da Ba Sah the, ga shaga na atsam gachyi mi pyi n rawng nga nu ai. Sorry law, grai hpyi nem ai law. Gumhpraw pyek mi mung n lu ai nga, nyam nyam nga tsun nga nu ai. Ha n lu yang gaw, lu hkra galaw u le. Da Ba Sah gaw matsan dum ga mi n ga. Ja denggah (1), gumhpraw denggah (2) sha gaw kaning di tam tim lu mai ai, tam nna lu jang hkoi la ai ni bai wa. Tinang a kawa a jinghku mung rai, tinang ra ai ten hta akyu lu ai hpe mung myitdum rai ra ai gaw nga tsun nga nu ai. Ta Hket bai tsun ai gaw gammaka gaw ngai hpe kachyi mi pyi n garum ai mi! ngai ganing di chye na na rai? ngu tsun dat yang, Da Ba Sah gaw, ha gammaka hpe gaw mara hkumshagun le, tinang a ra 30

31 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established sharawng ai hpe wa n seng Sah hte n chye ai n nga ai Makau grup-yin na ni a ju n ang ai hpe mara shagun daram mung rai nga ai. Dai gakang da ai bainam magyi nga yang gaw, galoi mi she hpang, Ta Hket hpe yu nna gawa makret sha ai nsen ni gam kaja wa na mi? n kaja ai ga bai tsun hpang ai. Ul Ta Hket a na hta tup rai nga hkrai hkan nang nga na sha hpa maga de na rai wa ai la sai. Manam pyaw ai lusha re nga tsun let, gaigai seng langai tsun ai. Ul hpa kaw na ni mung, Ta Hket a makau e de shang dung ga. Ngai nang sahti langai a nta hta laklai tup rai nga ai. Ta Hket chyu hpe maumwi langai hkai ai nlung hpan myu mi hpe sha, hpa lusha mung n lu. Da dan na ngu tsun let, seng ahpa sha di ret nna, hkawawt Ba Sah mung, shi sha ai muk kata de woi shang wa nga chyinghka kaw shakap da hkyep sha pyi, sha u ngu nu ai. Ta Hket mung kade ai. Marang htu yang, nhku mung, n tsun. gaya ai raitim seng de grai kata de marang n shang na Ya ngai tsun na shang mayu ai majaw myit matu re da. Dai lungpa gaw maumwi gaw nga tsun let, hta kabu, kabu nga let, hkan shinggan de mung asan sha Da Ba Sah bainam magyi shang nang mat wa ai. Da Ba mu lu ai. Raitim nsam gaw bai makret sha dat ai. Nye Sah seng jut shara mi de woi ahtoi re ai rai nga ai majaw, prat shawng daw, Gawla Uk mat wa ai. Sagu panep langai hkawawt chyinghka kaw lauban byin wa ai lam re, hpra hte dung ma ai. Seng nna mu lu ai nsam mung ngai moi kalang mi hta Siriya madu kau sako mani sum rai myu mi rai shai ai. Ta Hket, mungdan e mayam tai yu ai, du sa wa ai. Da Ba Sah chye nang gara hku mu ai. Masha dai lam nanhte na yu ai i? ai hte maren n agam hkra langai a myi hte yu ai hta nga san yang, shanhte yawng shanghkrum lat, he.. hkangse hpan mi hku sha n re ai kaga maumau rai nna n na yu ai la ngai na matu bainam hku mung mu lu mai ai ngu ngu ma ai. Ngai naw kaji magyi langai, shan lawlaw, nang myit lu ai i? ngu san ai ten, Da Ba Sah bainam sau hte namsi namsaw, yang, mai byin ai nga Ta magyi kalang bai hta makret namlaw namlap, muk tawng Hket htai ai. Ta Hket a myit dat ai. Nye Wa a bungli kaba yawng hkum hkra hta Da Ba Sah a ga hta, shi hpe sharin la ai. Gumra daw jahkrat ya rit. Kawsi sai, hkru a shawng kaw tawn da ai galaw ai bungli, Wa a bungli hkra sha na. Oh nang nye bainam magyi hpe grau yu galaw let ngai dinghku de jinghku wa na matu mung nga nu ai. Re Ta Hket ai. Bungli kungkyang ai lam hkum malap, shi na matu hpa majaw, nga yang, ngai n nga ai majaw, gumhpraw gatsi ai hka dibu kaba langai nan mungkan ga hpe jaw ai nau n lu ai. Nye madujan la sa wa ya u. Duhkra ladaw hku n yu ai sha, nsam hpan hte ramdaw lusha lu ai grai sa-up nga ai. hkum ai hku mu ai. Ya ngai daram sha re. Raitim, kaja Ta Hket grai myit daw tsun na maumwi gaw jaw ai hkrai ra ai tinang a shang mat nu ai. Da Ba Sah bainam ai hku bai mu la ai nye a gumhpraw hte n dep ai magyi sha nga ai hpe hka mahkrum madup re. Da Ba hpe hkrai mari ai. Dai ten lu nna dung yu nga ra ai Sah maumwi hkai na da law, hta ngai zawn re ai ni hpe mabyin. Raitim, Ta Hket hpa nga makau grup-yin na ni gumhpuk shamyawk ai ni hte mung n tsun, tsun na lam shada da tsun hkat nga ma ai. hkrum ai. Ya n jaw lu tim, n mung n nga. Da Ba Sah gaw Shanhte a sagu panep ni lasa ra ai, la mat wa u. Hpang e Kachyi mi pyi n shayawm, wa nna Da Ba Sah a shawng jaw u nga nna hkoi ya shagu seng kata nga ai ni yawng kaw Waqdi chyen hkrang la ai. Kaja wa nga yang, hpe mani let, ta sharawt nna hku sa dung ma ai. Yawng tinang a shang gumhpraw shakram nga nu ai. Du Ba a ka-ang e gaw Ta hket. hta jan nna jai ai lam gaw 31

32 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 matsan tsi gayau lu ai hte bung ai lam n myit dum ai. Buhpun palawng tsawm tsawm re ai ni la. Nye madujan a matu mung mari, yawng hkoi ai hkrai, nnan daw gaw rai taw nga ai. Raitim, hpang e hka n dang waq sai. Hka hkrai waq nga yang, sha na n lu wa sai. Dai majaw, koi hkawm ai raitim mu ai kaw mi hpyi tik tik rai bang wa ai majaw, ngai mung myit htum wa sai. Dai kaw nna manghkang grau kaba wa ai. Dai majaw nye madujan mung kawa a nta de hprawng mat sai. Ngai mung kaga kahtawng de hprawng nna Gawla Uk hte hpaga ga sha ai masha langai kaw bungli galaw ai. Jaw ai mi sha rai, gumhpraw mung n lu re ai majaw, myit ru nga yang grau ai de ngai du mat wa ai. Laknak n lawm ai hpaga la ni a Gawla Uk ni hpe gashun, le kaw gashun myaq sha, htaw kaw gashun myaq sha re ai de du mat wa ai. Nye wa she chye yang baw pyi n shadap gwi hkra, gaya na rai nga ai. Raitim, ngai gaw mungkan ga hpe nsam hpan amyu myu hku mu mada ai pat hte bung nga sai hpe n dum ai. Nye a prat kade daram htenza nga sai hpe n chye na ai. Damya mya ai shaloi, nambat langai lang tsawmra lu la ai. Gumhpraw ni, lairi sumpan ni. Dai lu mya la ai rai ni hpe Jiniya muklum de htaw sa nna dut ai. Lu ai gumhpraw garan la, jai ayai sha, gumhpraw maq jang bai mya hkawm, kalang mi na gaw hpaga la ni hpe shabrai hte garum ai, mare masha ni hte hkrum nna dai ni e rim la ai hkrum ai. Ngai hpe gaw Siriya mungdu langai gumhpraw dengga (2) hte mari la mat wa ai. Kaga mayam ni hpe zawn sha, labu dingsa langai kabai ya ai. Baw krin kau ya ai. Raitim, ngai nau n chye hkrit shi ai, Lani mi gaw lawt na re. Mahkrum madup rai u ga. Hpang e tsun chyai na matu, rai u ga ngu sha myit ai. Nye madu gaw ngai hpe shi a madujan ni marai mali hpang de woi sa wa nna, ndai kaw ngai mayam langai mari wa ai. Nanhte ra yang, ndai wa hpe dawn kau nna jaw da na, ngu tsun ai shaloi she, ngai grai hkrit gahpra mat ai. Dai masha ni gaw, grai zing-ri zing-rat byin dik ai ni rai ma ai. Ngai grai hkrit gahpra tim n hkrit ai zawn rai nga nna dai num mali hta matsan dum chye na zawn re ai mi lawm na kun? ngu yu nga ai. Se Ra ngu ai num kaba jan gaw yawng hta kachyi mi sak grau kaba ai. Shi ngai hpe yu ai nsam gaw hpa hkamsha lam mung, n mu lu ai. Dai hpang, No. (2) jan hpe bai yu ai. Tsawmra mi tsawm ai, raitim grai raidum ai nsam hpe sha mu lu ai. Gwi langai, nyau langai daram pyi ahkyak n la ai hku rai lu ai. Kaji dik lahkawng gaw woi zawn hkyik hkyik hkyik nga mani nga ma ai. Shanhte ngai hpe dawdan na matu, langai hte langai shada lit jaw kanawng hkat ma ai. Hpang jawhtum, Se Ra grai n kam ai zawn re ai nsam hte dawn kau sai gaw, anhte kaw grai nga ai. Gawla Uk gawn lajang chye ai langai mi ra ai, nga ai ni mung langai mi pyi lang n mai ai. Daini ngai Nu hkum n pyaw ai majaw nta naw wa na ngu ai. Gara myam mung kam n mai ai majaw, myitru ai. Shi hpe chyawm san yu u. Nang Gawla Uk atsawm chye gawn hkang ai i? ngu nye madu ngai hpe san ai. Ngai grai kabu mat ai hpe magap da nna, htai ai. Mai sa, Gawla Uk hpe hputdi di shangun lu ai. Kunrai shalun shayu mung chye ai. Daw ni hpe mung gram chye ai, sumtsan hkawm yang Gawla Uk n ba hkra mung chye dun woi ai ngu yang, ndai wa hkrak ai Se Ra ga mung asan sha nga chye tsun ai. Gawla Uk hkang na matu ra yang la da u. nga dawdan dat ai. Dai Zawn sha Se Ra a lata de du mat wa ai. Dai shani kanu hkum n pyaw ai majaw, wa gawan ai de ngai 32

33 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established Gawla Uk dun nna hkan sa ai. Lam kaw ngai nye lam hkum hkum tsup tsup tsun dan ai. Shangai ai kaw nna mayam n re ai nye wa gaw Babelon kaw gumra daw Gawla Uk daw galaw sha ai Siri sadang hte hkrak re ai gat seng madu re ai, ngu tsun dan ai. Shi ngai tsun ai ga ni hpe madat la nna shi bai tsun dat ai gaw, ngai hpe grai hkra machyi shangun ai. Myityu na lam myit masa hte seng ai lam ni lawm ai. Nang hta ra rawng ai lam ni a majaw she, ndai prat de du mat wa ai n rai i? Dai wa mi, na hkum nang mayam n re asan sha re ai re ngu kaning di tsun lu na? da. Masha langai a myit kraw kata grit nem ai mayam myit sha rawng nga ai rai yang gaw asan sha re ai madu kaw na shangai sa wa ai mi rai rai, mayam e shangai ai mi rai rai lani mi na ten hta grit nem ai mayam prat de du mat wa na sha re. Asan sha re ai madu myit rawng ai rai yang kaning re ai gammaka, ruyak tsin-yam ni hkrum sha tim, shi a mare, shi a mungdan, shi a shara hta sari rawng ai masha yawng e hkungga ai madang du hkra shakut ma na rai nga ai da. Dai zawn rai laning mi jan mayam prat hta nga ai. Raitim, mayam ni hte she nga ai. Shanhte a myit jasat hte gaw kagaga re. Lani mi Se Ra ngai hpe san ai. Shana maga de bungli rau ai ten mayam ni pyaw pyaw rai nga ma ai. Nang gaw hpa majaw, ginsum e nang hkrai sha, dung nga ai i? nga san ai. Ngai mung, nang tsun ai ga ni hpe sumru yu nga ai re. Lama na ngai mayam myit rawng ai rai yang, mayam ni hte rau nga na rai nga ai. Mayam myit n myit ai majaw, kaga san rai nga ai re ngu yang, ngai mung asan sha re ai jan re nga ngai hpe gahte tsun ai. Nye Nu Wa ni grai lusu ai, ngai hpe sutgan law law jaw lu ai. Ndai la wa gaw ngai hpe tsawra nna la ai n re. Sutgan marin nna la ai. Num ngu ai gaw madu wa a tsawra myit shingnyip npu e nga hkamsha mayu ai hkrai re. Ya ngai shi a tsawra myit n lu la ai. Kashu kasha mung n lu ai. Nang zawn sha ngai mung dinghkrai sha re. Raitim mung ngai lama wa la she rai yang, si yang si na, nang zawn rai grit nem dik ai hku sha gaw n nga ai, nga tsun ai. Ya nang ngai hpe mu mada ai lam, mayam sat lawat hte bung ai i? Du magam madu myit masa hte bung ai i? ngu bai nhtang san dat yang, shi gasan hte sha bai htai ai. Babelon kaw kap ai hkah ni hpe dingyang waq ngut hkra, waq mayu ai myit rawng ai i? da. Ngai mung, waq mayu ai. Raitim, waq mung n waq lu ai mi ngu tsun yang. Jawq waq mayu ai nga nang tsun ai. Raitim, bungli hpe tangdu hkra n kam shakut ai. Dai majaw, ten ladaw ni sha na mat wa ai, n jawq waq lu ai nga yang gaw nang hta du magam myit rawng ai ngu hkum mai tsun u ga le. Mayam myit sha rem da ai ngu tsun ra na rai nga ai. Nang hta tinang hkum tinang manu shadan ai gasadi hpe hkungga ai myit n rawng ai. Tinang hkum tinang manu shadan ai du magam myit rawng ai ni gaw gasadi grin ai jaw ra ai hpe jaw chye ai ni rai ma ai nga tsun ai. Ngai Siriya kaw mayam yam nga ai mi kaning di hkah waq lu na ma? ngu tsun yang, Dai hku nga nga yang gaw, Siriya kaw sha mayam yam nna prat jahtum ai baw sha rai nga ai. Nang gaw masha shabyak she rai nga ai, nga tsun ai. Ngai masha shabyak n re ngu tsun yang, dai nga yang shabyak n re ai lam sakse madun u le da. Gara hku madun ra na ma? ngu bai san yang. Nanhte a Babelon Hkawhkam wa shi a hpyen hpe gasat yang, gara hku gasat ai? Lu mai lu n-gun atsam mahkra hte n re ai i? Ya raitim nang jawq ra ai hkah ni gaw, na a hpyen ni hkrai re. Dai hpyen ni shachyut ai majaw 33

34 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 Babelon kaw na hprawng pru wa ai n rai i? Jawq ra ai hkah hpe n jawq n waq dingsa, hpyen gaw grau kaba wa na sha re. La jet ai du magam myit rawng ai rai yang, hkah ni hpe jawq waq lu, gasat dang lu na sha re. Dai zawn rai lu ai rai yang, tinang a mare buga hta sari sadang hpring ai hte nga lu na sha re. Ya nang gaw hkah hpe jawq waq gwi ai, tinang hpyen hpe gasat gwi ai myit n rawng ai majaw, gau ngwi ngwi grit nem mat wa ai. Hpang jahtum, Siriya de hprawng pru nna mayam sa tai nga ai n rai i? da. Shi dai zawn nga tsun dat ai kaw nna nye kraw kata du magam myit grau grau kaba wa ai. Raitim, shi hpe n tsun dan kau lu ai. Dai hpang masum ya daram hta Siriya mayam num ngai hpe sha, sa shaga ai. Se Ra hte hkrum ai shaloi, nye Nu hkum grai n pyaw ai, nta kaw nga ai Gawla Uk ni hta na kaja dik ai lahkawng lata la nna hkaq majawq kaba hte lusha lawlaw htaw lang u, sumtsan galu hkawm ra ai. Shatgawk kaw ngai na shangun ma numjan lajang ya na ra ai nga ngai hpe matsun ai. Gawla Uk hta, rai ni bawn ai shaloi malu masha ni dai daram law ai wa i? ngu ngai myit ai. Se Ra a kanu nga ai shara gaw nau n tsan ai, lani sat sha re. Hkawmsa wa ai shaloi, Se Ra jawn ai Gawla Uk hpe ngai dun ai. Hpang na Gawla Uk hta gaw Se Ra a n chyang numjan jawn ai. Se Ra a Kanu a nta du yang, jan shang wa sai. Se Ra shi a mayam numjan hpe bungli shangun da nna anlahkawng hkrai re ai shaloi she, ngai hpe tsun ai. Da Ba Sah nang hta mayam myit rawng ai i? Du magam myit rawng ai i? da. Ngai du magam myit rawng ai ngu asan sha tsun dat yang. Dai rai yang nang sakse madun na ahkang lu sai. Ya ten hta na madu hte shi a ma ni tsa lu nang jawng nga na daram rai sai. Ndai Gawla Uk lahkawng la nna hprawng sanu. Ndai sumbu hta na madu a hpun palawng man (1) mi lawm ai, dai hpun la nna nsam galai kau u. Kadai chye yu na n re. Nye madu wa hpe ngai nye Nu hpe gawn lajang nga yang, nang Gawla Uk lahkawng lagu la nna hprawng mat wa ai re ngu tsun kau na nga ngai hpe tsun ai. Ngai shi hpe nang gaw kaja wa hkawhkam num myit jasat rawng ai myu shayi re. Nang sha myit pyaw na rai yang ngai na a matu atsam htum hkra shakut ya mayu ai ngu tsun kau hkrup ai. Raitim, shi bai tsun ai, madu wa hpe kabai kau da nna hprawng ai num kaga shara chyasam ni a lapran raitim myit pyaw lam lu na n re. Na a lam nang hkawm sa wa su. Ngai akyu hpyi dat ya na. Nang hkawmsa wa na hkrunlam gaw grai tsan ai. Lusha n nga ai, hka n nga ai, zaibrujang re da. Ngai mung n lanyan nga ai sha, shi hpe chyeju dum ga tsun kau da nna ningsin hte rau, hkawm pru mat wa ai. Hkrunlam gaw ngai kachyi mi pyi n chye na ai hkrunlam re. Babelon gara maga de re ai hpe tak yu nna bum ni nga ai maga de sa wa ai. Zaibrujang hkrunlam ntsa Gawla Uk langai hpe gaw jawn, langai hpe gaw sumri hte dun rai, dai shara shana tup, hpang shani, shani tup hkawm ai. Madu a sutgan lagu nna hprawng ai mayam hpe bai mu yang, kade daram adup zing-ri ai lam chye da ai majaw, myit hta gaw hkrit 34

35 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established gahpra nga ai. Dai shani a hpang shani, shana maga de du wa yang, zaibrujang panglai lai nna bum lagaw de du wa ai raitim, nlung bum lunghkyep lungrawk ni hkrai re ai majaw, Gawla Uk mung lagaw machyi mat sai, lahkru ni gaye rai ai. Raitim, shakut nna hkawm ma ai. Lam kaw e masha mung n hkrum ai, hpa dusat mung n mu ai. Hpa wa mi mu na, hpa mung nga n mai ai shara rai nga ai. Hkawmsa ai ni asak hkrung nna laidi lu ai gaw pyi nga ai kun? Raitim, ngai gaw lani hte lani matut hkawm sa dingyang re. Gau-ngwi ngwi lusha mung ma mat, lu hka mung ma mat. Jahku ya ngu na shanaq ngai Gawla Uk ntsa kaw na ga de yu ai. Dai shaloi, ngai n-gun grai yawm nga sai. Nye kraw kata Gawla Uk ntsa bai lu lung sana kun? ngu myit ai. Masha n nga ai shara hta ngai hkrai sha, si ra sana kun? Myit ai. Raitim, kade n naq yang ga ntsa e yup pyaw mat wa ai. Hpang jahpawt nhtoi san ai hpang she, dum ai. Ngai rawt dung nna makau grupyin de mada yu ai. Manap ten re ai majaw, nbung katsi bung ahpawt nga ma ai. Gawla Uk mung kade n tsan ai kaw mau nga ma ai. Yu dat yang, zaibrujang hte lungrawk hta lai kaga hpa shingnyip hpun mung n nga ai. Hka mung n nga ai hte shing-ran katsi la dik ai shara re. Nye kraw kata ndai shara hta, nye prat htum sana kun? ngu myit nga yang, nye bawnu kata asan nga hkamsha ai. Nten hkraw gaq machyi ai, shinglet machyi ai, shatkan kaw si ai ni asan sha nga hkamsha ai. Yawng mai mat ai zawn nga ai. Dai ten hta gasan langai nye kraw kata shang wa ai. :Da Ba Sah nang mayam myit rawng ai wa re i? ngu ai gasan mayam myit rawng ai wa rai yang dai shara e myitdaw, asum hkam mat na sha re. Zaibrujang hkrunlam e galau si ai ngu ai gaw madu kaw na hprawng ai mayam ni a htung rai nga ai. Lama na du magam myit rawng ai rai yang gaw, Babelon de du hkra wa. Tinang hpe kam nna hkoi ya ai hka hpe shakut nna jaw wa na. Tinang hpe kaja wa tsawra ai ningrum ningtau jan hte bai lu nga hkra shakut, ngwipyaw ai dinghku hpe bai gaw de, Nu wa ni myit pyaw hkra rai, nga na ngu ngai myit dat ai. Hkah ni gaw na a hpyen re, dai ni hpe jawq, waq gasat kau, nga ai Se Ra tsun ai ga hpe myit dum wa ai. Jaw ai ngu ngai hkam la ai. Dai ten hta, ngai hpa majaw la n jet ai rai ta? Nye ning-rum ningtau jan kawa a nta wa mat ai shaloi, hpa majaw n hkan woi la ai rai ta? ngu ngai sumru ai. Dai ten hta, ngai lama mi myitdum ai. Moi kaw nna mungkan ga hpe nsam hpan hkum ai hku, n jaw n ang ai hku mu mada ai kaw na pat da ai hpe run kabai kau ai zawn nga asan nga hkamsha wa ai. Ngai myit malai lu ai. Ngai ndai shara hta n si ai. Babelon du hkra wa na. Hka madu ni hpe hkan jahkrum na. Nye a lam ni tsun dan na. Nye a ningrum ningtau jan hte apyaw sha nga lu hkra, bai shakut na. Jawq ra ai hkah ni gaw nye a hpyen raitim, hkah madu ni gaw nye a jinghku ni re. Ngai hpe bai kam hkra shakut ra ai ngu, ngai rawt ai. Hkum gaw gading gadang nga ai. Raitim, myit shaja la nna rawt ai. Gawla Uk yan hpe ngai shaga dat yang nye a nsen krawp krawp nga ai raitim, ma ni na hta grau n-gun rawng ai nsen re hpe shan chye na ai. Myi rim tawn ai kaw na ja rai, ngai hpe mada yu ma ai. Shakut nna rawt ma ai. Bai galau mat ma ai raitim, shakut nna bai rawt ma ai. Lagaw mali ntsa e tsap lu hkra shakut ma ai. Grai atsam rawng ai yan rai ma ai. Gawla Uk yan rawt lu ai hte Babelon gara maga de ang ai ngu ai hpe tak yu nna hkawm sa wa ai. Hpang daw hta, hkaq mu ai. Tsingdu ni Namsi namsaw ni nga ai shara de du mat wa ai. Du magam myit ngu ai hpe chye na hkap la ai kaw 35

36 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 nna yak hkak lam ni gaw hkrit hpa n re. Hparan jasan kau ra ai manghkang she re ngu ngai mu mada wa ai. Jawq ra ai hkah manghkang hpe gara hku jasan kau na ngu ladat tam ai shakut nna hparan ai. Mayam myit rawng ai rai yang gaw, ngai mi gaw hpaji n chye ai, laika n chye ai. Arang n lu ai masha zawn rai n-gun n ja ai nga nna ahpa atang sha rai, prat jahtum si mat na sha re. Ngai dai hku n galaw ai. Babelon de du hkra tak yu nna hkawm mu ai ni hpe san rai lam tam ai hpang jahtum nta de du wa lu ai. Dai majw Ta Hket gara hku law. Ya na a kan kata hpa n rawng ai ten bawnu kaw asan n nga ai i? Tinang hkum tinang manu shadan mayu ai myit n rawng shi ai i? Mungkan ga hpe nsam hpan hkum hkra hte naw yu chyai nga na i? Jawq ra ai hkah kade law yang law jawq waq na, Babelon kaw sari rawng ai masha langai tai lu hkra, shakut na ngu ai myit n rawng shi ai i? Ta Hket a myitum kata na myi prwisi ni kahte hkrat wa ai. Rawt hputdi dung nna nang ngai hpe hpaji jaw la ai, grai chyeju dum ai ngai du magam myit hte shakut na ngu myit ai nga tsun ai. Maumwi madat nga ai ni hta na marai langai mi gaw shi chye mayu ai hpe san dat ai. Babelon kaw du ai hpang na prat bai gawgap la ai lam naw tsun dan yu rit. Byin hkra galaw na ngu dawdan da ai hpang gaw, ladat ngu ai gaw mu chyalu sha re nga Da Ba Sah htai ai. Byin hkra shakut na ngu dawdan ngut ai hpang No. (1) hkah madu ni hpe langai hpang langai sa hkrum shaga ai, hpyi nem ai. Nanhte a hkah ni hpe shakut nna tam waq na loili naq wa yang mung naw hkam sharang ya rit, ngu tsun yang law malawng gaw kabu ma ai. Nkau mi gaw matsa ai ni mung nga ma ai. Daini hta na langai mi gaw ngai hpe tangdu hkra garum ai. Dai wa gaw gumhpraw hkoi shap sha ai Mar Tun nga ai wa re. Nye a lam shi san nna ngai Siriya kaw Gawla Uk rem hkang ai lam tsun dan yang, Gawla Uk hpaga galaw ai Niba Tuh hpang de ngai hpe sa sa ai. Dai dingla wa gaw, hkawhkam wa a matu Gawla Uk tsawm ai law law mari bang ya na ahkang jaw da hkrum ai wa re. Kaja ngai hkah ni hpe pyek mi pyi n ngam hkra jawq waq kau lu ai. Babelon e baw shadap nna ngai nga lu wa ai. Masha law law e kamhpa ai masha ngai tai lu wa ai. Ga Tsun htum ai hpang Da Ba Sah lusha de bai gayin yu ai. He Kauk Sakaw grai nabai ai she rai nga, nga shatgawk e dung nga ai Kauk Sakaw hpe shaga dat ai. Na sihtu ni yawng katsi mat ma sai. Agahtet sha re ai la sa wa rit. Ndai kaw Ta Hket a matu mung, lajang dat u. Kachyi kajaw sha hkumdi, law law lajang sa wa rit. Nye a manang wa a kasha rai nga ai. Shi mung kawsi sai. Ngai hte rau sha na re. Lawan la sa wa rit. Babelon mungdan na Gawla Uk hpaga la wa a maumwi gaw htum mat sai. Tengman ai machye machyang hpe atsawm sha mu mada chye la ai hpang du magam myit jasat sakhkrung lam de shi bai du mat wa ai. Dai machye machyang gaw moi prat kaw nna myit nyan hpaji chye ai ni chyusha mu mada chye na ai lam rai nga ai. Dai machye machyang e lam madun ai majaw, kyindut yakhkak lam ni hpe laidi lu ai. Du na shawnglam shinggyim prat law law hpe machye machyang a hpung shingkang hte, prat hpe gawgap sa wa lu ai. Dai machye machyang gaw Awngdang hkra shakut na ngu dawdan ai. Tinang nan ladat tam shakut ai. Tam ai wa galoi mung ladat mu ai ngu ai lam rai nga ai. (Hpe Myint: ဘဗ လ မ ခ မ သ ဆ ပ ဂ လ hpe bai ka gale bang ai.) The richest man in Babylon by George S. Clason 36

37 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established LAHTAQ HKU PAT YANG, LAWUQ DEQ BAWQ LAWUQ E KAPA YANG, LAPRAN HKU BAI GAYUN (အ တ ပ က ထ ဖ က က ထ ) B.D. Maran, ginru ginsa prat Moi e, tsun shaga aga ningnan ni jatjat wa ai zawn, masha amyu mung ningnan ningnan pru lawq wa sai. Raitim, dainih nah Information Techonology Globalization satlawat galup nga ai mungkan pratpra masa e, moi nah zawn n rai mat sai. Grai shai laq mat sai. Dainih nah prat gaw, tsun shaga aga ningnan ni, bai byin pru lam n nga mat sai. Nga ngam ai n lawq amyu (amyu kaji) ni, tsun shaga jailang nga ai aga ni pyi, htum maq nga maluq ai. Gsd. - Myen mungh e, dainih Kadu ni shanhte aq amyu ga, n tsun shaga matwa sai, re. Myen tsun shaga aga hkrai, lang matwa nga ai. Lachyum gaw, tsun shaga jailang taw shayan nga ai madung aga ni hpang deq, kap nang nna tsun shaga lawm matwa ai satlawat mabyin ni, bai byin nga sai. Deng-ninghkan, mi-moi e tsun shaga lang wa ai aga ni htum matwa, moi nga wa sai n lawq amyu ni htum matwa ai mabyin ni byin nga mat sai. Amyu htum maq ai ngu ai gaw, dai amyu maka kumlar nan htum maq nna dai masha ni gaw lawq ai amyu kaba (majority) deq, kap gayawp lawm matwa ai, re. Myen mungh, e ndai masing grai awngdang nga ai. Amyu yawng yawng, Myen amyu zawn rawq, bung preq mat jang, dainih nah amyusha rawtmalan gaw, gaman lilar bebe sha, rai mat nga ai. Dai shaloi, pruwa ai lachyum gaw, lagut damyaq gumshem lachyum deq, gale matwa nga ai. Htingnut yang mung, amyusha gawgap lam hpe aten galu ban prat hku nna bai galaw hpang lah ra ai hkrang, byin nga ai. Ndai bungli yiqngam gaw, shadip magam ahkang aya lu ai ni chyu sha, buklik mai nga ai. Shadip magam (asuya) mying ahkang aya nga ai wuhpung masha ni gaw, amyusha gawgap bungli woiawn jahkrat ya ra nga ai, re. US gaw, shiq mungdan e ndai policy kaba (amyusha gawgap masing) hpe jailang nga ai. Dai hpe shabyaung gayau diq (Melting Pot) masa ngu nna tsun nga maluq ai. Miwa mung, ndai hkrang ladat lang nga ai. Singapore mung, ndai hpe galaw lang nna mungdan gawgap shangang tawn luq ai. Myen mung, dai hku sha, dahkyaw dalam masa lang nga ai. Dai hpe Myen galup shatai shabyin masa (Burmanization) ngu nga ai. Myen galaw lang ai masa gaw, tsawmra mi awngdang nga ai. Sam ni mung, Sam-Myen tai nna Myen amyu rai matwa ai ni lawq nga sai. Karen, Mon, Rakhine, pa layang gah nah Hkang,... ni gaw, Myen amyu deq byaung gayawp kap, lawm nga masai. Malawng daw gaw, tinang aq tsun shaga aga ni hpe malap shamat kau masai. Myen hku tsun shaga mat masai. Dik-kadik nna Myen mying hkrai, shamying shakap lang masai. Shanhte aq maka kumlar ni n kap mat masai. Miwa hkran hkan nah Jinghpawsu ni zawn, shanhte amying ni hpe Miwa hku nna hkrai shamying mat ai masa zawn, rai nga ai. Makam masham ni mung, Buddhism hkrai, rai shajang nga ai. Amyusha gawgap ai ngang jang, mungdan chying nga ai. Rawtmalan yiqngam ni grau nna masan sa nga ai. IIWW aten nah Japan kasat gawt ai zawn, ninggun hpungtum kaba wa lu ai. Ndai madang daram, mungh shawa ninggun hpungtum hpe n lu kahkin gumdin mat nga 37

38 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 ai. Amyusha gawgap lam hteq mungdan gawgap lam yan gaw, matut hkat nga ai. US, Miwa ni gaw ndai masa yiqngam hteq, shangang shachying lah ai hkrai, re. Dainih, Manmaw lawuq nah Shwegu gah deq, moi, Mungding Pa - Namlim Pa - Dangde Bum mayan hku nna ginru ginsa yuq hkrat matwa ai Kachin ni lawq malawng gaw, Myen tai nga mat masai. Yaq dainih mung, shanhte ni nawq tsun tsun rai nga taw ai gaw, Moi e, aji adwi ni gaw Jinghpaw re daq!, Yaq gaw, anhte ni Jinghpaw ga n chye mat sagaq ai. Myen rai mat sagaq ai. Bai, Danai hkaq lawuq deq, ginru ginsa yuq hkrat matwa ai Kachin ni mung, Myen tai matwa masai. R. Grant Brown, Burma As I Saw It : , London, 1926 e tsun tawn ai hku nga yang, Jinghpaw tsun shaga aga ga ai ni, Danai hkaqrum lawuq shara ni deq, ngachyam ai gamung lawm nga ai. Yaq dainih gaw, ndai lawuq deq Kachin amyu masha ni hpe n mu sai. Dai hteq maren, Kabaw Valley deq nah Taman amyu ni mung, n mu sai. Amyu masha n nga yang, dai amyu masha tsun shaga aga mung, htum sai. Shanhte aq lawnglam ni hpe British ni ka matsing tawn dah nga ai. Irrawaddy Valley pa layang gah deq, ginru ginsa yuq hkrat matwa ai amyu ni gaw, Myen amyu deq byaung gayawp kap lawm mat shajang nga ai. Moi ginru ginsa prat nah masha jahpan gaw, amyu langai hteq langai kade n shai shajang nga ai. British colony prat nah yuptung masha jahpan (Census of India) hpe hpawq yu yang, chye lu nga ai. Mungdan hpe woiawn nga ai shadip magam ni gaw, tinang aq mungdan masha (mungdansha) ni hpe amyusha gawgap (Nation Building) yiqngam masa e shaning 10, 20, 30, 50,... masing jahkrat nna hkrang hpe gawgap shawq lah ai. Samah lah ai. Hprang lah ai. Dai ndup sumdu sumnyep nah dup shaprawq pruwa ai mungdansha ni gaw, dai mungdan nah maka kumlar ni kap lawm chyalu rai nga sai. Myit jasat, hkam lah lam ni mung, shabyaung bang ya ngut chyaluh rai nga ai. Dai yiqngam bungli hpe hpaji jawng (education policy) masa, education curriculum masa hku, dup samah shaprawq galaw ai re. Myen aq hpaji policy mung, Burmanization hpe shading tawn ai sumdu sumnyep ndup ginra rai nga maluq ai. Dainih nah Kachin ni mung, ndai ndup sum kata nna pruwa ai ni hkrai, re. Rangoon University nah mi ngu ngu, Mandalay Dakkasu nah mi tsun tsun, hpaji wuhkya gaw dai sumdu sumnyep ndup shingjat sha, rai nga ai. Bumnga rudiq amyu ni, tinang aq amyu laika hku nna lu sharin ai nga wa tim, Myen hpaji masa hpe ka tawn ai sharin matsun, ginhpan laika ni hpe ga gale sharin ya ai bawq sha, madang rai nga ai. Tinang amyu ga hku nna sharin tim, Myen education masa deq shading tawn ai hkrai, rai nga ai. Deng-ninghkan, Myen hpaji masa e Rakhine hkawseng lam, Rakhine civilization (yinchyemuq, htunghking), Mon hkawseng labau, Sam galup matwa ai labau (kaosampyi),... ni hpe n sharin shalawm tawn nga ai. Pagan hkawseng hpe gawgap matwa ai amyu gaw, Myen ni re ngu tsun lu na pyi, yak nga ai. Htunghking, sakse sakgan matut lah na yak nga ai. Ndai hpe gaw, Myen amyu ahtik labau e, shachyawq matut lah tawn nga ai. Tsaban 19th AD gaw, mungkan e sinnaq mungdan ni kashun kasheq lamugah maden kasat lah hkat ai. Deng-ninghkan, mungkan majan kaba I hteq II byin lai matwa sai. Tsaban 20th AD gaw, lamugah maden lah ai hkrang hpe jashai dat manuq ai. Dai hpe Katsi Majan Lailen (Cold War Strategy) ngu wa masai. Ndai maden 38

39 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established hkrang gaw, seng ang ai mungdan yan dantawk kasat hkat ai hkrang masa hku n rai nna laga alak mi nga nga ai mungdan ni hkan e majan shabyin nhtawm, maden jat lah ai hkrang satlawat, rai nga ai. Gsd.- Korea, Vietnam, Germany,... ni hkan, mulu ai. Kachin rawtmalan mung, ndai katsi majan masa aq gangdun gangjen garawt ai kawq, abaq kataw hkrum shah wa sai. KIO ningbaw ninglar Lahtaw Zau Seng, Lahtaw Zau Tu, Hpungshwi Zau Seng, Lahtaw Zau Dan,... ni asak si sum laiwa sai. Dainih nah tsaban 21st AD prat gaw, shawng deq nah hkrang ladat masa ni hku, bai n rai mat sai. Shai mat sai. Madang grau tsaw mat sai. Prat satlawat mung, IT- Globalization maden lailen rai nga mat sai. IT-Globalization prat (21st Century AD) maden lailen e, (1). hpaga yamga wuhkya masa, (2). masha jahpan galup wuhkya masa, (3). htunghking yinchyemuq (civilization) wuhkya masa, (4). laili laika - aga wuhkya masa ni hku nna maden galup dagup maduq lah nga nga sai. Mungkan e, shinggyim masha pratpra galawluq galawshah htaphtuk ai lamugah gaw, grai gyip wa nga sai. Hkaq hkrai galup kau ai lamugah dampa area gaw 70% ting, rai nga ai. Ngam ai 30% lamugah area e, masha pratpra n manuh ai zaibrujang kaba, hkyen bum, nlung bum, tsingduprang kaba, Antarctic Circle (North Pole),... ni rai mat nga ai. Deng-ninghkan, lamugah maden lah hkat ai lailen ladat ni gaw, grau kaba wa nna grau zailadat tsaw wa nga ai. Hpaga yamga maden galup ai hkrang hpe Miwa satlawat e adan aleng mulu nga ai. Myen mungh pyi, Miwa sut maden masa uraw kata e, dagup hkrum ai zawn rai nga mat sai. Grau nna Miwa aq One Belt One Road masing gaw, ndai rai nga sai. Ndai masing htaq, ginrawn ai Maliq-Nmai hkaq madim zawn re madim kaba ni, nhprang arung arai htu shawq masing kaba ni, economy zone kaba ni, Industrial zone, gawgap masing bungli kaba ni,... gaw arang maduq sut masa hku nna maden mat nga ai. Masha jahpan mungh masa (demographic politics) hku nna mung, maden dagup ka-up lah mat nga ai. Dainih nah Kachin masha jahpan hpe dinglik sawn yu yang, Myen mungh ting nah KBC jahpan gaw 553,913 (2010 yr) rai maluq ai. RCM hku nna gaw marai 145,488 (2017) rai nga ai ai. Ndai RCM jahpan gaw, Manmaw, Myitkyina, Lashio saradaw gaiwang ni, rai nga sai. Dai htaq, Myen, Sam, Galar, Miwa, Hkang,... amyu masha jahpan ni pyi lawm nga ai. RCM gaw, Kachin amyusha hkrai rai, laksan n htaq dah nga ai. Myen mungh ting nah RCM masha jahpan gaw 668,211 (2017) rai nga ai. Yangon e nga ai Kachin masha jahpan gaw 5000 rai nga ai. KIO uphkang kata nah mungchying masha yuptung jahpan gaw, 81,744 (2017) rai nga ai. Ndai jahpan gaw, ma chyangai kawq nna gumgai dinglar asak 76 lahtaq deq nah ni du hkra, rai nga ai. KIO uphkang ginra kata nah jahpan e, Dingdaq Sam mungh deq nah masha jahpang n lawm ai. Ndai jahpang ni gaw, Kachin masha yuptung jahpan ni hpe sawn maram tak lah lu na matu, rai nga ai. Jinghpaw mungh tingh hpe uphkang na gaw, Hlutdaw (parliament) e, Kachin amat (datkasa) ni hkrai sha, n mai byin nga ai. Ndai gaw, masha jahpan mungh masa maden rai nga ai. Dainih nah satlawat e, masha jahpan grau lawq ai amyu kaba ni aq tsun shaga aga, laili laika ni gaw, n lawq amyu (minority) ni hpe bai galup shabawn lah nga ai. Deng-ninghkan, n lawq amyu ni aq tsun shaga aga, laili laika ni sip matwa nga 39

40 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 ai. Tinang laili laika hpe jailang akyu jashawn ai htaq, grai n lawq mat wa nga ai. Laili laika dut seng kaba ni hkan mung, tinang amyu laili laika ni gaw n nga nga ai. Tsun shaga aga mung, grup grup rara e aten shagu tsun shaga nga ai aga hpe mahtang, madung jailang matwa ai. Jawng laili laika ni mung, ndai sha rai nga ai. Ndai mabyin masa hkrang kumlar ni gaw, nga nga ai n lawq amyu ni mat maq wa ai satlawat ni rai nga ai. Jahtum e gaw, lawq ai amyu kaba aq tsun shaga aga, laili laika ni hpe hkringhtawng ningnan dagrawq lah na ginjang sha, ngam nga ai. Ginchyum mahtai hpe shaprawq yu yang, Kachin amyu pratpra ngang grin lu na matu, laknak lang rawtmalan wuhpung wuhkya hteq sha, n mai byin matwa nga ai. Kachin amyusha yawng yawng, shanglawm ai ninggun hpungtung kaba rai ra mat nga sai. Bai nna amyusha lamang yiqngam shagu hpe n hprai kau ai sha, ninggun shajaq ra ai. Shing-rai yang sheq, mungkan satlawat majaw bawq wa ai hkang ni, gayun maleq wa ai hku ni hpe pat kum lu na rai nga ai. Amyusha kahkin gumdin lam ra nga sai. Amyusha kahkin gumdin ngangkang lu na matu, amyusha gawgap lah ra sai. Amyusha gawgap masa gaw, bugah gawsharawt masa hteq, n bung ai. Shai ai. Pruwa na apu asi mahtai ni mung, shai hkat nga ai. World Kachin Conference Ndau Shabra Laika May 19, 2018, Washington DC, USA Hparat Panglai Shiga Htawn 1. World Kachin Conference hpe 2018 ning May shata laman Amerikan mungdan Washington DC mare daju hta maigan mungdan shara shagu de du nga ai Wunpawng myusha ni hkrumzup let bawngban hpawng hpe galaw la III saga ai. 2. Zuphpawng hta Wunpawng myusha ni a shawng lam mai kaja wa na lawng lam ningmu ni hpe kahkyin la lu sai. 3. Maigan nga Wunpawng myusha ni shad a mahkri shawn let bungli rau jawm galaw lu na matu World Kachin Congress zinghkri hpe hpaw ninghtan dat lu sal 4. Zuphpawng hta Wunpawng myusha ni lawt lu lam hte rawt jat galu kaba wa na lam ni hpe jawm n-gun dat galaw sa wa na matu myit hkrwn dawdan da lu saga ai. Matut Mahkai: Slg. Nsang Gum San, USA (Ph: ) SJg. Nlam La Seng, Canada (Ph: ) Jan Marip Seng Bu, Japan (Ph: ) 40

41 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established U.N. CONCERNED ABOUT HEAVY FIGHTING IN MYANMAR S KACHIN STATE GENEVA (Reuters) May 2, Conflict between Myanmar s army and guerrillas of the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) in northern Myanmar has escalated since Jan. 19, including in Sumprabum, Waingmaw and Tanai townships, a U.N. humanitarian report said on Friday. The United Nations and its humanitarian partners are concerned about the safety of civilians in these areas, it said. The Tanai area has seen heavy fighting since 25 January There have been reports of a number of civilians killed or injured. The KIA is one of Myanmar s most powerful militias and has clashed regularly with the Myanmar military since 2011, when a 17-year-old ceasefire broke down. The U.N. report said aid agencies were reporting about 1,800 people, mainly laborers, had been evacuated from the Tanai area as a result of the latest fighting, but other civilians were still in the areas of conflict and unable to leave. U.N. staff had not been granted access to the area and could not independently verify the information, it said. In Sumprabum township more than 700 people were sheltering in the forest after being displaced on Jan. 22. They included villagers and about 500 people from an internal displacement camp who fled after mortar bombs landed near the camp. Tanai and Sumprabum are located on the two major roads running north from Myitkyina, the capital of Kachin state, the northernmost part of Myanmar, between China and India. On three occasions since mid-december, most recently on Jan. 27, mortar bombs also landed close to a displacement camp in Waingmaw township, just cross the Irrawaddy river from Myitkyina, the report said. Myanmar is already under international scrutiny for its handling of the Rohingya crisis on the Bangladesh border. The U.N. human rights investigator for Myanmar, Yanghee Lee, was barred in December from visiting the Rohingya areas and also Kachin and Shan states. She told Reuters at the time that the civilian government had no authority in Kachin state, since anything connected to security issues was controlled by military commanders. She called on the international community to put more pressure on military commanders, and on China, to ensure that human rights were respected in the conflict. Lup kata nah ridaq maka buhkraq Sut Suh Hkawn 41

42 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 Yaq Yang Nah Shiga Sumlar Ni Hparat Panglai Shiga Htawn Myen Tatmadaw ni ndai zawn gap sharut bun Myen Tatmadaw hpyendap ni gaw, kalangtaq Laiza, Laisin GHQs, MJY mayan, KIA dapdung 1, 3, 11, 18, 19, 23, 24, 30, 253 dapnawng ni hpe laknak kaba ni hteq April 11 yaq 2 p.m. aten nah gap sharut hpang wa ai. Dapba 2 dajuq ginra Awng Lawt hpe mung, nbungli, Helicopter bawm jahkrat gap bun wa ai. Dapba 1 deq mung, htuh kasat bang wa ai. Deng-ninghkan, mungh mare masha ni jamjau bai hkrum nga ai. Lawuq nah sumlar ni zawn, hprawng yen ra mat nga. Kachin ramma ni w Kanu kawa mungh mas Hpung woi dums Mungh masa datkas Hpungkun ndai shara s Amyusha Ting Dip Shah Hkrum Taw Sai 42

43 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established Mungh Kata Ninghkap Shamu Shamawt Sumlar Ni oi galaw hpang ai mungh masa, ha ni kalangtaq hkap madiq shadaw; a jaiwa ni shang pawn baq dat, a ni hkan ga-ngai shachyai lawm; hagu hpungtang kashaw ngoi kahtap. 43

44 Established Volume IV, No. III 2018 Maigan mungdan ni deq mung, Ninghkap Hpungtang Kashaw Ngoi Garu 44 Kahkyin gumdin yang Federal sha, hkum tsun chyai nga saq; Shanglawt lu na gah lahtum n shut, Yawng raq ai "dai" nan rai. Rawtmalan 60 ning hkawt, naq wa sai.